An experimental device for simulating the sectional excavation of closely spaced tunnels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test device for simulating the sectional excavation of closely spaced tunnels, which includes a soil-cutting tunneling device, a device vertical frame, and a tunneling positioning device. The soil-cutting tunneling device includes a fan-shaped soil-cutting device, a rod-shaped connector, and a hand-cranked transmission device. The device vertical frame includes a soil-cutting tunneling device fixator, a lifting control structure, and a base. The tunneling positioning device includes a laser positioning device and a horizontal positioning device. During the test process, the fan-shaped soil-cutting device is driven to rotate by the hand-cranked transmission device to achieve the purpose of tunneling. The simulation of different excavation conditions of closely spaced tunnels is realized by adjusting the height of the lifting control structure and the bolt connection distance of the perforated steel sheets at the front and rear ends between the bases. The laser positioning device and the horizontal positioning device can ensure the accuracy of the excavation position and direction of the tunnel model. The present invention can be adapted to the excavation simulation of different types of closely spaced tunnel models, can accurately control the excavation speed and footage of the closely spaced tunnel model, and better restore the actual construction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy, the scale of infrastructure construction mainly based on transportation has gradually expanded, and China has become a country with the largest scale and the greatest difficulty in tunnel construction in the world. To meet the requirements of design and use functions, the form of small clear distance tunnels is often adopted for the construction of parallel tunnels. Small clear distance tunnels have many advantages such as less restricted by topographical conditions and the overall line alignment, simple construction technology, easy waterproof treatment, and easy cost control. Therefore, small clear distance tunnels are widely used in the design and construction of parallel tunnels at home and abroad, and have gradually become an effective structural form for solving problems such as the connection of various structural types under special geological and topographical conditions, the optimization of the overall line alignment, and the rational utilization of land resources.

[0003] Due to the complexity and uncertainty of tunnel engineering construction, the small clear distance tunnel will inevitably cause surrounding rock deformation or even damage during construction. Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of the sectional excavation process of small clear distance tunnels on the surrounding rock structure by means of model tests. However, on the one hand, the existing small clear distance tunnel excavation simulation test devices have poor adaptability to small clear distance tunnel profiles with different equal clear distances or variable clear distances, that is, a set of excavation simulation devices is mainly aimed at one type of tunnel profile, and the flexibility of the excavation device is insufficient; on the other hand, there are deficiencies in the refined control of sectional tunneling during the simulation of small clear distance tunnel excavation, that is, the real-time precise positioning during the alternate sectional excavation cannot be achieved, and the simulation of the excavation process is also relatively rough.

[0004] As can be seen from the above, the current simulation of the small clear distance tunnel excavation process is not precise enough. The poor adaptability of the small clear distance tunnel excavation simulation test device and the inaccurate simulation of the excavation process will result in insufficient refinement of the problems in actual engineering construction by the model test, making the model test results lack persuasiveness. The invention discloses a test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel, which can adapt to the excavation simulation of various small clear distance tunnels with equal clear distances and variable clear distances, and at the same time realize the precise control of the small clear distance tunnel model excavation process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to provide a test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel in view of the deficiencies of the current sectional excavation test device for small clear distance tunnels, effectively solving the problems that the current test device has poor adaptability to the excavation conditions of different small clear distance tunnels and cannot quantitatively and accurately control the excavation speed and footage of the small clear distance tunnel model.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An experimental device for simulating the partial excavation of a small clear distance tunnel, comprising a soil cutting and tunneling device, a device stand, and a tunneling positioning device.

[0007] The soil cutting and tunneling device consists of a fan-shaped soil cutting device, a rod-shaped connector, and a hand-operated transmission device.

[0008] The fan-shaped soil cutting device is made of acid-resistant stainless steel and can simulate the excavation of a tunnel model in a water-containing and water-rich state to prevent the device from rusting.

[0009] The fan-shaped soil cutting device is connected to the head end of the rod-shaped connector. The rod-shaped connector is made of high-strength steel and is provided with threads thereon. The rod-shaped connector is marked with scales, and during the test, the tunneling footage of the tunnel can be grasped in real time through the change of the scales on the rod-shaped connector.

[0010] The hand-operated transmission device is connected to the tail end of the rod-shaped connector. The hand-operated transmission device is used to provide the power for excavation and tunneling. The hand-operated transmission device is in a circular ring shape and is made of high-strength steel. The rod-shaped connector is meshed and connected to the circular hole at the center of the circular ring of the hand-operated transmission device through the threads provided thereon. During the test, the rod-shaped connector can be driven to move forward or backward by rotating the metal handle of the hand-operated transmission device in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and finally drive the fan-shaped soil cutting device to rotate to achieve the purpose of excavation and tunneling or retraction.

[0011] The device stand consists of a soil cutting and tunneling device fixator, a lifting control structure, and a base.

[0012] The soil cutting and tunneling device fixator is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel. The diameter of the non-expanded end of the upper part of the circular tube is smaller, and the diameter-expanded end is provided at the end of the lower part of the circular tube.

[0013] The top of the soil cutting and tunneling device fixator is connected to the rod-shaped connector and the hand-operated transmission device respectively through two groups of bearings, so as to ensure the overall stability of the soil cutting and tunneling device during the simulation of tunnel tunneling. The soil cutting and tunneling device fixator is connected to the rod-shaped connector through a small-diameter bearing, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter bearing is the same as the rod diameter of the rod-shaped connector. The soil cutting and tunneling device fixator is connected to the hand-operated transmission device through a large-diameter bearing, and the inner diameter of the large-diameter bearing is the same as the inner ring diameter of the hand-operated transmission device.

[0014] The lower part of the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator is connected to the lifting control structure. The lifting control structure is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel, and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the non-expanded end of the upper part of the circular tube of the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator. The lifting control structure is nested inside the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator and is connected to the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator through a fixing knob. The connection position is at the diameter-expanded end of the lower part of the circular tube of the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator. Scales are marked on the outer part of the circular tube of the lifting control structure, and the excavation height of the tunnel model can be quantitatively determined. The height of the device is adjusted through the lifting control structure, which can adapt to the excavation simulation of tunnels with various burial depths. At the same time, the excavation simulation of small clear distance tunnels with different positional relationships can be realized.

[0015] The lifting control structure is connected to the base, and the base is used to maintain the stability of the entire partial excavation test device. Four base screws are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the base. During the test, the front ends of the bases of the two excavation test devices are connected by bolts through an open-hole steel sheet, and the rear ends of the bases of the two excavation test devices are connected by bolts through another open-hole steel sheet, so as to determine the excavation clear distance of the tunnel. Scales are marked on the open-hole steel sheet. During the test, the bolt connection distance on the open-hole steel sheet at the front and rear ends of the base is changed to determine the excavation clear distance of the tunnel, so as to realize the simulation of the excavation working condition of parallel tunnels with variable clear distances.

[0016] The tunneling positioning equipment includes a laser positioning device and a horizontal positioning device.

[0017] The laser positioning device and the horizontal positioning device are installed on the soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator.

[0018] The laser positioning device is externally powered. During the simulation of tunneling, a positioning light beam is emitted and irradiated on the excavation surface to ensure the accuracy of the excavation of the tunnel face.

[0019] The horizontal positioning device can ensure that the excavation direction remains horizontal.

[0020] The specific implementation method includes the following steps:

[0021] 1) Design the excavation and tunneling plan for the small clear distance tunnel, and determine the size, burial depth, excavation method and clear distance of the small clear distance tunnel.

[0022] 2) Place the partial excavation test device for the small clear distance tunnel in front of the tunnel model box to be excavated, and install the corresponding fan-shaped soil cutting device according to the tunnel diameter specified in the test plan. Set the excavation clear distance of the tunnel by adjusting the distance between the two pairs of open-hole steel sheets between the bases of the two excavation test devices. Adjust the height of the excavation device through the lifting control structure, and align the soil cutting and tunneling equipment with the planned excavation surface.

[0023] 3) Observe the horizontal positioning device, and make the whole device level by finely adjusting the lifting control structure to ensure that the soil cutting and tunneling equipment remains level during excavation.

[0024] 4) Connect the power supply and turn on the laser positioning device.

[0025] 5) Shake the hand-cranked transmission device, control the excavation footage by controlling the shaking rate, and carry out excavation according to the laser traction to simulate the excavation process of a small clear distance tunnel. During the excavation process, finely adjust the lifting control structure in real time to keep it level during excavation.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel of the present invention can adapt to the excavation of different types of small clear distance tunnel models such as equal clear distance, variable clear distance, and asymmetric, overcoming the defects of traditional excavation test devices that only target one type of tunnel shape and lack of flexibility of the excavation device. During the test, the excavation process of an asymmetric small clear distance tunnel can be simulated by adjusting the sizes of the two fan-shaped soil cutting devices; the excavation process of an equal clear distance small clear distance tunnel under different position relationships of the tunnel can be simulated by respectively adjusting the heights of the lifting control structures of the two excavation test devices and the distances between the two pairs of perforated steel sheets at the bases; or the excavation process of a variable clear distance small clear distance tunnel can be simulated by respectively changing the distances between the two pairs of perforated steel sheets at the front and rear ends of the bases of the two excavation test devices, etc.

[0028] 2. The test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel of the present invention can quantitatively and accurately control the excavation speed and footage of the small clear distance tunnel model. The fine control of sectional excavation during the excavation of various types of small clear distance tunnel models can be realized through the scales on the rod-shaped connectors of the soil cutting and tunneling equipment and the horizontal positioning device. During the test, the real-time precise positioning during the alternate sectional excavation of various types of small clear distance tunnels can be realized by jointly using the laser positioning device and the horizontal positioning device, better restoring and simulating the actual construction process of the small clear distance tunnel. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the test device for sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical frame structure of the device;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the base.

[0032] In the figure, 1. blade-type soil cutting device, 2. rod-shaped connector, 3. hand-cranked transmission device, 4. metal handle, 5. soil cutting and tunneling equipment fixator, 6. lifting control structure, 7. base, 8. small-diameter bearing, 9. large-diameter bearing, 10. fixing knob, 11. base screw, 12. perforated steel sheet, 13. laser positioning device, 14. horizontal positioning device. Detailed implementation mode

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. However, it should not be understood that the above-mentioned subject matter scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments only. Without departing from the above-mentioned technical idea of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications made according to the common general knowledge and customary means in the art should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] See Figure 1 , this embodiment discloses a test device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel, including a soil cutting and tunneling equipment, a device vertical frame and a tunneling positioning equipment.

[0036] The soil cutting and tunneling equipment is composed of a blade-type soil cutting device 1, a rod-shaped connector 2 and a hand-cranked transmission device 3.

[0037] The blade-type soil cutting device 1 is made of acid-resistant stainless steel, and can simulate the excavation of a tunnel model in a water-containing and water-rich state to prevent the device from rusting. There are two groups of blade-type soil cutting devices 1 in total. During the test, the excavation simulation process of a symmetric small clear distance tunnel or an asymmetric small clear distance can be simulated by changing the diameters of the two groups of blade-type soil cutting devices 1.

[0038] The blade-type soil cutting device 1 is connected to the head end of the rod-shaped connector 2. The rod-shaped connector 2 is made of high-strength steel and is provided with threads. The rod-shaped connector 2 is marked with scales, and the tunneling footage can be grasped in real time through the scale change on the rod-shaped connector 2 during the test process.

[0039] The hand-cranked transmission device 3 is connected to the end of the rod-shaped connector 2. The hand-cranked transmission device 3 is used to provide the power for excavation and advancement. The hand-cranked transmission device 3 is in a circular ring shape and is made of high-strength steel. The end of the rod-shaped connector 2 is meshed and connected with the circular hole at the center of the hand-cranked transmission device 3 through the threads provided thereon. A metal handle 4 is provided on the hand-cranked transmission device 3. During the test, the metal handle 4 of the hand-cranked transmission device 3 can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to drive the rod-shaped connector 2 to advance or retreat, and finally drive the fan-shaped soil-cutting device 1 to rotate to achieve the purpose of excavation and advancement or retreat. Lubricating oil is evenly applied to the threads on the rod-shaped connector 2 to reduce the friction force when the rod-shaped connector 2 rotates to simulate the excavation process, so as to avoid the influence of friction on the excavation stability.

[0040] See Figure 2 , the device stand is composed of a soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5, a lifting control structure 6, and a base 7.

[0041] The soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel. The diameter of the non-expanded end at the upper part of the circular tube is smaller, and the end at the lower part of the circular tube is provided with an expanded diameter end.

[0042] The top of the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 is connected to the rod-shaped connector 2 and the hand-cranked transmission device 3 through two groups of bearings respectively, so as to ensure the overall stability of the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment during the simulation of tunnel tunneling. The soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 is connected to the rod-shaped connector 2 through a small-diameter bearing 8, and the inner diameter of the small-diameter bearing 8 is the same as the rod diameter of the rod-shaped connector 2. The soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 is connected to the hand-cranked transmission device 3 through a large-diameter bearing 9, and the inner diameter of the large-diameter bearing 9 is the same as the inner ring diameter of the hand-cranked transmission device 3.

[0043] The lower part of the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 is connected to the lifting control structure 6. The lifting control structure 6 is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel, and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the non-expanded end at the upper part of the circular tube of the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5. The lifting control structure 6 is nested inside the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 and is connected to the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 through a fixing knob 10. The connection position is at the expanded diameter end at the lower part of the circular tube of the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5. Scales are marked on the outer surface of the circular tube of the lifting control structure 6, and the excavation height of the tunnel model can be quantitatively determined. During the installation of the device, the fixing knob 10 can be rotated counterclockwise, and according to the scales on the outer surface of the circular tube of the lifting control structure 6, the tunneling position of the device can be adjusted. Then, the fixing knob 10 is rotated clockwise to fix the soil-cutting and tunneling equipment fixer 5 and the lifting control structure 6. The height of the device can be adjusted through the lifting control structure 6 to adapt to the excavation simulation of tunnels with various burial depths, and at the same time, the excavation simulation of small clear-distance tunnels with different position relationships can be realized.

[0044] The lifting control structure 6 is connected to the base 7. Refer to Figure 3 , and the base 7 is used to maintain the stability of the entire partial excavation test device. Four base screws 11 are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the base 7. During the test, the front ends of the bases 7 of the two excavation test devices are connected to the base screws 11 by bolts through an open-hole steel sheet 12, and then the rear ends of the bases 7 of the two excavation test devices are connected to the base screws 11 by bolts through another open-hole steel sheet 12. Scales are marked on the open-hole steel sheet 12. During the test, the excavation clear distance of the tunnel is determined by changing the bolt connection distance on the open-hole steel sheets 12 at the front and rear ends of the base 7, so as to simulate the excavation working condition of the parallel tunnels with variable clear distances.

[0045] The tunneling positioning equipment includes a laser positioning device 13 and a horizontal positioning device 14.

[0046] The laser positioning device 13 and the horizontal positioning device 14 are installed on the cutterhead tunneling equipment fixture 5.

[0047] The laser positioning device 13 is externally powered. During the simulated tunneling process, a positioning light beam is emitted and irradiated on the excavation surface to ensure the accuracy of the excavation of the heading face.

[0048] The horizontal positioning device 14 can always ensure that the excavation direction remains horizontal.

[0049] This embodiment can be adapted to the excavation and tunneling of different types of equal-clearance, variable-clearance, and asymmetric small-clearance tunnel models. At the same time, it can quantitatively and accurately control the excavation speed and footage of the small-clearance tunnel model, and can realize real-time precise positioning during the alternate partial excavation and tunneling process of various types of small-clearance tunnels, better restoring and simulating the actual construction process of small-clearance tunnels.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] This embodiment discloses a test method for the simulation of the partial excavation test device of a small-clearance tunnel described in Embodiment 1. The specific implementation manner includes the following steps:

[0052] 1) Design the excavation and tunneling plan of the small-clearance tunnel, and determine the size, burial depth, excavation method, and clear distance of the small-clearance tunnel.

[0053] 2) Place the partial excavation test device of the small-clearance tunnel in front of the tunnel model box to be excavated, and install the corresponding size of the fan-shaped soil-cutting device 1 according to the tunnel diameter specified in the test plan. Set the excavation clear distance of the tunnel by adjusting the distance between the two pairs of open-hole steel sheets 12 between the bases 7 of the two excavation test devices. Adjust the height of the excavation device through the lifting control structure 6, and align the cutterhead tunneling equipment with the planned excavation surface.

[0054] 3) Observe the horizontal positioning device, and make the whole device reach the horizontal by finely adjusting the lifting control structure 6 to ensure that the soil cutting and tunneling equipment remains horizontal during the excavation process.

[0055] 4) Connect the power supply and turn on the laser positioning device 13.

[0056] 5) Shake the hand-operated transmission device 3, control the excavation footage by controlling the shaking rate, and carry out excavation according to the laser traction to simulate the excavation process of a small clear distance tunnel. During the excavation process, finely adjust the lifting control structure 6 in real time to keep the excavation process horizontal.

[0057] The specific embodiments described above further elaborate on the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel, characterized in that: It includes a soil-cutting tunneling device, a device erection frame, and a tunneling positioning device; The soil-cutting tunneling device is composed of a fan-shaped soil-cutting device (1), a rod-shaped connector (2), and a hand-cranked transmission device (3); The fan-shaped soil-cutting device (1) is made of acid-resistant stainless steel and is used to simulate the excavation of a tunnel model in a water-containing and water-rich state to prevent the device from rusting. There are two groups of fan-shaped soil-cutting devices (1) in total. During the test, by changing the diameters of the two groups of fan-shaped soil-cutting devices (1), the excavation simulation process of a symmetric small clear distance tunnel or an asymmetric small clear distance tunnel can be simulated; The fan-shaped soil-cutting device (1) is connected to the head end of the rod-shaped connector (2). The rod-shaped connector (2) is made of high-strength steel and is provided with threads. There are scales marked on the rod-shaped connector (2). During the test process, the tunneling footage of the tunnel excavation can be grasped in real time through the scale change on the rod-shaped connector (2); The hand-cranked transmission device (3) is connected to the tail end of the rod-shaped connector (2). The hand-cranked transmission device (3) is used to provide the power for tunneling. The hand-cranked transmission device (3) is in a circular ring shape and is made of high-strength steel. The tail end of the rod-shaped connector (2) is meshed and connected to the circular hole in the center of the circular ring of the hand-cranked transmission device (3) through the threads provided thereon. There is a metal handle (4) on the hand-cranked transmission device (3). During the test process, by turning the metal handle (4) of the hand-cranked transmission device (3) in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, the rod-shaped connector (2) can be driven to move forward or backward, and finally the fan-shaped soil-cutting device (1) can be driven to rotate to achieve the purpose of tunneling forward or backward; The device erection frame is composed of a soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5), a lifting control structure (6), and a base (7); The soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel. The diameter of the non-expanded end at the upper part of the circular tube is smaller, and the end at the lower part of the circular tube is provided with an expanded diameter end; The top of the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) is connected to the rod-shaped connector (2) and the hand-cranked transmission device (3) respectively through two groups of bearings, so as to ensure the overall stability of the soil-cutting tunneling device during the simulation of tunnel tunneling. The soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) is connected to the rod-shaped connector (2) through a small-diameter bearing (8), and at the same time is connected to the hand-cranked transmission device (3) through a large-diameter bearing (9); The lower part of the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) is connected to the lifting control structure (6). The lifting control structure (6) is a hollow circular tube made of high-strength steel, and its diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the non-expanded end at the upper part of the circular tube of the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5). The lifting control structure (6) is nested inside the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) and is connected to the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5) through a fixing knob (10). The connection position is at the expanded diameter end at the lower part of the circular tube of the soil-cutting tunneling device fixator (5). There are scales marked on the outer part of the circular tube of the lifting control structure (6) for quantitatively determining the excavation height of the tunnel model. The height of the device can be adjusted through the lifting control structure (6) to adapt to the excavation simulation of tunnels with various burial depths, and at the same time, the excavation simulation of small clear distance tunnels with different positional relationships can be realized; The lifting control structure (6) is connected to the base (7). The base (7) is used to maintain the stability of the entire partial excavation test device. Four base screws (11) are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the base (7). During the test, the front ends of the bases (7) of the two excavation test devices are connected by bolts through an open-hole steel sheet (12), and the rear ends of the bases (7) of the two excavation test devices are connected by bolts through another open-hole steel sheet (12). The open-hole steel sheet (12) is marked with scales. During the test, the excavation clear distance of the tunnel is determined by changing the bolt connection distance on the open-hole steel sheets (12) at the front and rear ends of the base (7), so as to simulate the excavation working condition of the parallel tunnels with variable clear distances.

2. The experimental device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunneling positioning equipment includes a laser positioning device (13) and a horizontal positioning device (14); The laser positioning device (13) and the horizontal positioning device (14) are installed on the cutterhead tunneling equipment fixture (5); The laser positioning device (13) is externally powered. During the simulated tunneling process, a positioning beam is emitted and irradiated on the excavation face to ensure the accuracy of the excavation of the heading face; The horizontal positioning device (14) is used to ensure that the excavation direction remains horizontal in real time.

3. An experimental method based on the experimental device for simulating the sectional excavation of a small clear distance tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: 1) Design the excavation and tunneling plan for the small clear distance tunnel, and determine the size, buried depth, excavation method and clear distance of the small clear distance tunnel; 2) Place the partial excavation test device for the small clear distance tunnel in front of the tunnel model box to be excavated. Install the corresponding fan-shaped soil cutting device (1) according to the tunnel diameter specified in the test plan. Set the excavation clear distance of the tunnel by adjusting the distance between the two pairs of open-hole steel sheets (12) between the bases (7) of the two excavation test devices. Adjust the height of the excavation device through the lifting control structure (6), and align the cutterhead tunneling equipment with the proposed excavation face; 3) Observe the horizontal positioning device, and make the device as a whole reach the horizontal state by finely adjusting the lifting control structure (6) to ensure that the cutterhead tunneling equipment remains horizontal during the excavation process; 4) Connect the power supply and turn on the laser positioning device (13); 5) Shake the hand-operated transmission device (3), control the excavation footage by controlling the shaking rate, and carry out excavation and tunneling according to the laser traction to simulate the excavation process of the small clear distance tunnel. During the excavation process, finely adjust the lifting control structure (6) in real time to keep it horizontal during the excavation process.

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