Data Transmission Method and Device

Abstract

The present application provides a data transmission method and apparatus, which provides an integrity transmission for the transmission of extended reality data. In this method, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies is transmitted integrally to meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

Description

[0001] This application claims the priority of the PCT international application with the application number PCT / CN2020 / 110092, titled "Data Transmission Method and Device", filed with the Chinese Patent Office on August 19, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and device. Background Art

[0003] In a wireless communication network, extended reality (XR) technology has advantages such as multiple perspectives and strong interactivity, and can provide users with a brand-new visual experience, with great application value and commercial potential. XR includes technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), and can be widely applied in many fields such as entertainment, gaming, healthcare, advertising, industry, online education, tactile Internet, and engineering.

[0004] One characteristic of XR data is that there is a certain dependency relationship between the data. For example, for the video frame in XR data, it can generally be divided into multiple data packets. If the transmission of a certain data packet among these multiple data packets fails, it may cause the entire video frame to not be received correctly. Another example is in the tactile Internet, information such as video information, tactile information, and control information has dependent synchronization requirements. When the transmission of a certain type of information is lost or delayed, it will affect the overall service effect and user experience.

[0005] Therefore, how to meet the synchronization requirements between data when transmitting XR data with dependency relationships, so as to improve the user experience of XR services, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and device.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. This method can be executed by a user plane network element or a fixed network device, or by components (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) of a user plane network element or a fixed network device, and includes: receiving a first data unit from a server or a data network, where the first data unit includes first identification information and second identification information; obtaining a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information; performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information; and sending the second data unit to an access network device. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, which can be, for example, obtained after the server encodes and / or renders the source data of XR. Optionally, the second data unit is a quality of service (QoS) flow.

[0008] Through this method, it is possible to perform integrity transmission on data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, and thus improve the user experience of the XR service.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the first identification information is used to identify the first data unit. For example, the first identification information includes packet flow description (PFD) information of the first data unit or other index information or identifier (ID) information that can identify the first data unit. Through this embodiment, the first data unit can be received and identified, and the requirement information corresponding to the first data unit can be obtained based on the first identification information.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the second identification information includes integrity marking information. The data information included in the first data units with the same integrity marking information can be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently. This can enable the data information included in the first data unit to be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units with the same second identification information can correspond to the data of the same frame of a picture. This can enable the data information included in multiple first data units corresponding to the same frame of a picture to be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in a picture frame, so that the same slice data or the same tile data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of a picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-visual synchronization.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information may be used as the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the above-mentioned target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement. The data information contained in the first data unit having this integrity transmission requirement will be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR data.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0019] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-video synchronization.

[0021] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information may be used as the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information contained in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of, for example, the tactile Internet service.

[0022] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes fifth identification information, and the fifth identification information identifies the number of data units that are regarded as a whole for transmission. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the fifth identification information may include integrity quantity identification information, and the integrity quantity identification information identifies the number of data units that are regarded as a whole for transmission.

[0023] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes sixth identification information, and the sixth identification information identifies the frame, shard, or stripe to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the sixth identification information may include one or more of integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information identifies the frame to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, the integrity shard identification information identifies the shard to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs, and the integrity stripe identification information identifies the stripe to which the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission belongs.

[0024] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the first data unit further includes seventh identification information, and the seventh identification information identifies the total size of the data units that are regarded as a whole for transmission. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the seventh identification information may include integrity size identification information, and the integrity size identification information identifies the total size of the data units that are regarded as a whole for transmission.

[0025] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, there is a first correspondence between the above-mentioned target transmission requirement and the first identification information. Obtaining the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information may specifically include: obtaining the above-mentioned target transmission requirement according to the first identification information and the first correspondence. Optionally, the first correspondence may be predefined or obtained from a session management network element. Optionally, the first correspondence is included in a packet detection rule (PDR). The session management network element may obtain the first correspondence from a server through a network capability open network element and / or a policy control network element. In this way, the target transmission requirement can be obtained more conveniently.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the second data unit may further include fourth identification information, which is used to identify the second data unit. For example, when the second data unit is a QoS flow, the fourth identification information may be a Quality of Service flow identifier (QFI) for identifying the QoS flow. Through this embodiment, the second data unit can be received and recognized, and the QoS requirement information corresponding to the first data unit can be obtained based on the fourth identification information.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the third identification information includes a packet group ID (PGID). The data information included in the second data unit containing the packet group ID will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, the third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit. It can be understood that the third identification information is set according to the second identification information. In a possible embodiment, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units with the same second identification information have the same third data identification.

[0029] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0030] Another example is that two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0031] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side later, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0032] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side later, thereby improving the user experience of audio-visual synchronization.

[0033] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side later, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0034] Combined with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. For example, when obtaining the second data unit by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit, protocol header information may be added, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) header information. When performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to GTP, the third identification information may be included in the GTP header information. For example, the third identification information may be included in the extension header part of the GTP header information. Since the access network device can parse the content in the GTP header information, the third identification information can be obtained, and further, the access network device can be enabled to perform integrity transmission on the second data units containing the same third identification information according to the third identification information, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0035] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the foregoing first data unit includes fifth identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes eighth identification information, where the eighth identification information is related to the fifth identification information, and the eighth identification information identifies the number of data units regarded as a whole for transmission. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the eighth identification information includes packet group number (PGN) identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets regarded as a whole for transmission.

[0036] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the foregoing first data unit includes sixth identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes ninth identification information, where the ninth identification information is related to the sixth identification information, and the ninth identification information identifies the frame, slice, or stripe to which the data units regarded as a whole for transmission belong. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of packet group frame ID (PGFID), packet group slice ID (PGSID), or packet group tile ID (PGTID). The PGFID identifies the frame to which the data packets regarded as a whole for transmission belong, the PGSID identifies the slice to which the data packets regarded as a whole for transmission belong, and the PGTID identifies the stripe to which the data packets regarded as a whole for transmission belong.

[0037] In connection with the first aspect, in certain embodiments of the first aspect, when the foregoing first data unit includes seventh identification information, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further includes tenth identification information, where the tenth identification information is related to the seventh identification information, and the tenth identification information identifies the total size of the data units regarded as a whole for transmission. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the tenth identification information includes packet group bit size (PGBS) identification information, and the PGBS identification information identifies the total bit size (which can also be understood as the total number of bits) of the data packets regarded as a whole for transmission.

[0038] In combination with the first aspect, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect may process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit based on one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information included in the first data unit.

[0039] In a possible embodiment, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect discards or sends the received data unit based on the fifth identification information. For example, the fifth identification information includes the aforementioned integrity quantity identification information, which identifies the quantity of data packets to be transmitted regarded as a whole (referred to as the quantity of data packets to be transmitted for short). The execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect compares the quantity of received data packets regarded as a whole (referred to as the quantity of received data packets for short) with the aforementioned quantity of data packets to be transmitted. When the quantity of received data packets is less than the quantity of data packets to be transmitted, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect discards the received data packets regarded as a whole. When the quantity of received data packets is equal to the quantity of data packets to be transmitted, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect sends the received data packets regarded as a whole. Through this embodiment, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the utilization efficiency of transmission resources.

[0040] In another possible embodiment, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect determines the order of transmitting data units based on the sixth identification information. For example, the sixth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity strip identification information. The execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect determines the order of sending data packets based on one or more of the integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity strip identification information. Through this embodiment, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized according to the correlation of video frames, video shards, or video strips, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR data.

[0041] In another possible embodiment, the execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect determines the priority of transmitting data units based on the seventh identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data units to be transmitted preferentially). For example, the seventh identification information includes the aforementioned integrity size identification information. The execution entity of the method provided by the first aspect determines the priority of the data packets sent to the access network device according to the integrity size identification information, that is, determines which data packets to send to the access network device preferentially. Through this embodiment, the data transmission requirements with high priority can be met, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR data.

[0042] Second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method. This method can be executed by an access network device or by components of the access network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), and includes: receiving a second data unit from a user plane network element, and obtaining third identification information and fourth identification information in the second data unit. Obtaining QoS template (profile) information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information and the above QoS template information.

[0043] Through the above method, the access network device can achieve bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies over the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0044] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, there is a second correspondence between the above QoS template information and the fourth identification information. Obtaining QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit specifically includes: obtaining QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit and the second correspondence. Optionally, the above second correspondence can be predefined or obtained from a mobility management network element. The mobility management network element can obtain the second correspondence from a session management network element. In this way, QoS template information can be obtained more conveniently.

[0045] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the above QoS template information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The attribute information of the target transmission requirement can be integrity transmission indication information, and the integrity transmission indication information is used to indicate that the corresponding QoS flow needs to perform integrity transmission. Therefore, the data information included in the QoS flow that needs to perform integrity transmission will be regarded as a whole for transmission, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR data.

[0046] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the above QoS template information includes a 5G QoS identifier (5G QoS identifier, 5QI) indicating 5G QoS attribute information, and the 5G QoS attribute information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The attribute information of the target transmission requirement can be integrity transmission indication information, and the integrity transmission indication information is used to indicate that the corresponding QoS flow needs to perform integrity transmission. Therefore, the data information included in the QoS flow that needs to perform integrity transmission will be regarded as a whole for transmission, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR data.

[0047] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the QoS template information may further include one or more of the following information: allocation and retention priority (ARP) information, guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) information, maximum flow bitrate (MFBR) information, notification control information, maximum packet loss rate (MPLR) information, or reflective QoS attribute (RQA) information. Through this embodiment, a more flexible and diverse QoS configuration can be obtained, so as to adapt to service transmissions with more different requirements.

[0048] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the 5G QoS attribute information may further include one or more of the following information: resource type information, priority information, packet delay budget (PDB) information, packet error rate (PER) information, average window information, or maximum data burst volume information. Through this embodiment, a more flexible and diverse QoS configuration attribute can be obtained, so as to adapt to service transmissions with more different requirements.

[0049] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, when the above QoS template information indicates a target transmission requirement, integrity transmission is performed on the second data units with the same third identification information. The second data units with the same third identification information can be transmitted through a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0050] For example, two or more second data units with the same third identification information are carried on the same radio bearer for transmission. Through this method, the access network can perform overall scheduling on the two or more second data units, thereby enhancing the user's experience of the video.

[0051] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, these second data units are preferentially scheduled. Through this method, the access network can set different priorities for different services, enhancing the user's perception experience of multimedia services.

[0052] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and a part of the second data units have been successfully transmitted while another part have not, then the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted are preferentially scheduled. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted obtain reliable transmission preferentially through scheduling, and avoid the problem of invalid transmission of the second data units that have been successfully transmitted due to the transmission error of some second data units.

[0053] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier (PGID). The data information included in the second data unit containing this packet group ID will be regarded as a whole for transmission, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0054] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the fourth identification information may be a quality of service flow identifier (QFI) for identifying a QoS flow. Through this embodiment, the second data unit can be received and recognized, and the QoS requirement information corresponding to the first data unit can be obtained based on this fourth identification information.

[0055] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) header information. Since the content in the GTP header information can be parsed, the third identification information can be obtained, and further, the access network can be enabled to perform integrity transmission on the second data units containing the same third identification information according to the third identification information, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0056] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, a second data unit is received from a user plane network element, and third identification information and fourth identification information in the second data unit are obtained. Specifically, it includes: receiving at least two second data units from the user plane network element, where the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units also respectively contain different fourth identification information. Obtaining QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information specifically includes: obtaining QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units respectively according to the fourth identification information respectively included in the at least two second data units. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information and the above QoS template information specifically includes: outputting / sending the at least two second data units according to the third identification information and the QoS template information.

[0057] In combination with the second aspect, in some embodiments of the second aspect, when the second data unit contains eighth identification information, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit contains ninth identification information, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit contains tenth identification information, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect also obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit. When the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, ninth identification information, or tenth identification information from the second data unit, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, ninth identification information, or tenth identification information.

[0058] In a possible implementation manner, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect discards or sends the received data unit according to the eighth identification information. For example, the eighth identification information includes the aforementioned PGN identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted for short) that are regarded as a whole for transmission. The execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect compares the number of received data packets (referred to as the number of received data packets for short) that are regarded as a whole for transmission with the above number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect discards the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the execution entity of the method provided by the second aspect sends the received data packets that are regarded as a whole for transmission to the terminal. Through this implementation manner, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the utilization efficiency of transmission resources.

[0059] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the order of transmission data units based on the ninth identification information. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. The execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the order of sending data packets to the terminal according to one or more of PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized based on the correlation of video frames, video slices, or video stripes, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0060] In another possible implementation, the execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the priority of the transmission data units based on the tenth identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data units to be transmitted preferentially). For example, the tenth identification information includes the aforementioned PGBS identification information. The execution subject of the method provided in the second aspect determines the priority of the data packets sent to the terminal according to the PGBS identification information, that is, determines which data packets to send to the terminal preferentially. Through this implementation, the data transmission requirements with high priority can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0061] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. This method can be executed by a user plane network element or a fixed network device, or by components of a user plane network element or a fixed network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.). The method includes: receiving a first data unit from a server or a data network, where the first data unit contains second identification information; performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information; and sending the second data unit to an access network device. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, and this data packet can be, for example, obtained after the server encodes and / or renders the source data of XR. Optionally, the second data unit is a quality of service (QoS) flow. Optionally, the first data unit may further contain one or more of the first identification information, the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information. Optionally, the second data unit may further contain one or more of the fourth identification information, the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. For the first identification information, the second identification information, the third identification information, the fourth identification information, the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, the seventh identification information, the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, and the tenth identification information, reference can be made to the description in the first aspect above, and details will not be elaborated here.

[0062] Through this method, the integrity transmission of data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be achieved, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby improving the user experience of XR services.

[0063] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0064] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. In this way, the same slice data or the same tile data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0065] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0066] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame, so that the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio-visual synchronization.

[0067] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information can be used as the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0068] In combination with the third aspect, in certain embodiments of the third aspect, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units with the same second identification information have the same third data identification.

[0069] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0070] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0071] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0072] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-video synchronization.

[0073] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience for services such as tactile Internet.

[0074] In combination with the third aspect, in some embodiments of the third aspect, the execution entity of the method provided by the third aspect may process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit according to one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information contained in the first data unit. For the detailed implementation manners, reference may be made to the description in the first aspect above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0075] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, which may be executed by an access network device or by a component of the access network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.). The method includes: receiving a second data unit from a user plane network element, where the second data unit contains third identification information; and outputting / sending the second data unit to a terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit. Optionally, the second data unit may further contain one or more of fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information, or tenth identification information. For the third identification information, the fourth identification information, the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, and the tenth identification information, reference may be made to the description in the second aspect above, which will not be elaborated here. Through this embodiment, the access network device can achieve bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies over the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0076] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments of the fourth aspect, integrity transmission is performed on second data units with the same third identification information.

[0077] For example, the access network device transmits two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer. Through this method, the access network can perform overall scheduling on these two or more second data units, thereby enhancing the user's experience of videos.

[0078] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device preferentially schedules these second data units. Through this method, the access network can set different priorities for different services, enhancing the user's perceptual experience of multimedia services.

[0079] For another example, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and a part of the second data units have been successfully transmitted while another part have not been successfully transmitted, the access network device preferentially schedules the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted obtain reliable transmission preferentially through scheduling, and avoid the problem of invalid transmission of the second data units that have been successfully transmitted due to the error in the transmission of some second data units.

[0080] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments of the fourth aspect, receiving the second data unit from the user plane network element specifically includes: receiving at least two second data units from the user plane network element, and the at least two second data units respectively include the same third identification information. Outputting / sending the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information specifically includes: outputting / sending the at least two second data units to the terminal according to the third identification information respectively included in the at least two second data units. For example, the at least two second data units can be carried on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0081] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments of the fourth aspect, when the second data unit includes the eighth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided in the fourth aspect further obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes the ninth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided in the fourth aspect further obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes the tenth identification information, the execution subject of the method provided in the fourth aspect further obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0082] In combination with the fourth aspect, in some embodiments of the fourth aspect, when the execution subject of the method provided in the fourth aspect obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the execution subject of the method provided in the fourth aspect outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. For the detailed implementation manners, reference may be made to the description in the above second aspect, and details are not described herein again.

[0083] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device, which can implement the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third aspect, any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect. The device includes corresponding units or components for executing the above method. The units included in the device can be implemented in a software and / or hardware manner. The device can be, for example, a terminal or a network device, or can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor, etc., that supports the terminal or the network device to implement the above method.

[0084] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device, which can implement the method in any possible implementation manner of the above second aspect, fourth aspect, second aspect, or fourth aspect. The device includes corresponding units or components for executing the above method. The units included in the device can be implemented in software and / or hardware. The device can be, for example, a terminal or a network device, or can also be a chip, a chip system, a processor, etc. that support the terminal or network device to implement the above method.

[0085] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device, including: a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, and the memory is used to store programs or instructions. When the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the device implements the method in any possible implementation manner of the above first aspect, third aspect, first aspect, or third aspect.

[0086] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device, including: a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, and the memory is used to store programs or instructions. When the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the device implements the method in any possible implementation manner of the above second aspect, fourth aspect, second aspect, or fourth aspect.

[0087] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer programs or instructions are stored. When the computer programs or instructions are executed, the computer executes the method in any possible implementation manner of the above first aspect, third aspect, first aspect, or third aspect.

[0088] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer programs or instructions are stored. When the computer programs or instructions are executed, the computer executes the method in any possible implementation manner of the above second aspect, fourth aspect, second aspect, or fourth aspect.

[0089] In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer executes the method in any possible implementation manner of the above first aspect, third aspect, first aspect, or third aspect.

[0090] In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer executes the method in any possible implementation manner of the above second aspect, fourth aspect, second aspect, or fourth aspect.

[0091] In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, including: a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, and the memory is used to store programs or instructions. When the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the chip implements the methods in any possible implementation manner of the above first aspect, third aspect, any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.

[0092] In a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, including: a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, and the memory is used to store programs or instructions. When the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the chip implements the methods in any possible implementation manner of the above second aspect, fourth aspect, any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, or any possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect.

[0093] In a fifteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including: the device in the above fifth aspect and the device in the above sixth aspect.

[0094] In a sixteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, including: the device in the above seventh aspect and the device in the above eighth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a communication system to which the embodiments provided in the present application are applied;

[0096] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture to which the embodiments provided in the present application are applied;

[0097] Figures 3 - 5 It is a schematic diagram of several scenarios to which the embodiments of the present application can be applied;

[0098] Figure 6 It shows an interaction schematic diagram of a communication method provided in the present application;

[0099] Figure 7 It shows another interaction schematic diagram of a communication method provided in the present application;

[0100] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0101] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in the embodiments of the present application;

[0102] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0103] The methods and apparatuses provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied in a communication system. For example, Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system structure. The communication system 100 includes one or more access network devices (access network devices 110 and 120 are shown in the figure), and one or more terminals communicating with the one or more access network devices. Figure 1 As shown, terminals 114 and 118 communicate with access network device 110, and terminals 124 and 128 communicate with access network device 120. It can be understood that access network devices and terminals can also be referred to as communication devices.

[0104] The methods and apparatuses provided in the embodiments of this application can be used in various communication systems, such as the fourth-generation (4G) communication system, 4.5G communication system, 5G communication system, a system integrating multiple communication systems, or a future evolved communication system (such as 5.5G communication system or 6G communication system). For example, the long term evolution (LTE) system, new radio (NR) system, wireless-fidelity (WiFi) system, and communication systems related to the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), as well as other such communication systems.

[0105] The methods and apparatuses provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied in various communication system architectures. For example, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture. In the architecture of this communication system, a terminal accesses the core network through a radio access network (RAN) device. The terminal can establish a connection with a data network (DN) or a server in the data network through the access network and the core network. Among them, the data network can include, for example, operator services, the Internet, or third-party services, etc. In a 4G communication system, this connection can be a packet data network connection (PDN connection) or a bearer. In a 5G communication system, this connection can be a protocol data unit session (PDU Session). In a future communication system such as the sixth-generation (6G) communication system, this connection can be a PDU session, or a PDN connection, or other similar concepts, which are not limited in the embodiments of this application. In the embodiments of this application, the connection established between the terminal and the data network or the server can also be referred to as a session.

[0106] The access network device in this application can be any device with wireless transceiver functions, including but not limited to: evolved base stations in LTE (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B), base stations in NR (gNodeB or gNB) or transmission receiving points (TRP), base stations evolved by 3GPP in the future, access nodes in the WiFi system, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, core network devices, etc. The base station can be: macro base station, micro base station, pico base station, small station, relay station, or balloon station, etc. Multiple base stations can support the network of the same technology mentioned above, or can support the networks of different technologies mentioned above. The base station can include one or more co-site or non-co-site TRPs. The access network device can also be a server (such as a cloud server), a radio controller in the cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, a centralized unit (CU), and / or a distributed unit (DU). The access network device can also be a server, a wearable device, a machine communication device, a vehicle-mounted device, or a smart screen, etc. Hereinafter, the access network device being a base station is taken as an example for description. The multiple access network devices can be base stations of the same type or base stations of different types. The base station can communicate with the terminal device, or can communicate with the terminal device through a relay station. The terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations of different technologies. For example, the terminal device can communicate with a base station supporting the LTE network, can also communicate with a base station supporting the 5G network, and can also support dual connection with the base station of the LTE network and the base station of the 5G network.

[0107] The terminal in this application is a device with wireless transceiver functions, which can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water surface (such as ships, etc.); it can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.). The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver functions, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a terminal in industrial control, a vehicle-mounted terminal device, a terminal in self-driving, a terminal in assisted driving, a terminal in remote medical, a terminal in smart grid, a terminal in transportation safety, a terminal in smart city, a terminal in smart home, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios. The terminal can sometimes also be referred to as a terminal device, a user equipment (UE), an access terminal device, a vehicle-mounted terminal, an industrial control terminal, a UE unit, a UE station, a mobile station, a mobile phone, a remote station, a remote terminal device, a mobile device, a UE terminal device, a wireless communication device, a machine terminal, a UE agent, or a UE device, etc. The terminal can be fixed or mobile.

[0108] By way of example and not limitation, in this application, the terminal can be a wearable device. A wearable device can also be called a wearable intelligent device, which is a general term for devices developed by applying wearable technologies to the intelligent design of daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes, etc. A wearable device is a portable device that is directly worn on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. A wearable device is not just a hardware device, but more importantly, it realizes powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable intelligent devices include those with complete functions and large sizes that can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to cooperate with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical sign monitoring.

[0109] In this application, the terminal can be a terminal in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-object interconnection. The terminal in this application can be a terminal in machine type communication (MTC). The terminal of this application can be an in-vehicle module, in-vehicle module group, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle can implement the method of this application through the built-in in-vehicle module, in-vehicle module group, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can be applied to vehicle networking, such as vehicle to everything (V2X), long term evolution vehicle (LTE-V), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), etc.

[0110] The terminal in this application can also be a VR terminal, an AR terminal, or an MR terminal. VR terminals, AR terminals, and MR terminals can all be referred to as XR terminals. An XR terminal can be, for example, a head-mounted device (such as a helmet or glasses), an all-in-one machine, a TV, a monitor, a car, an in-vehicle device, a tablet, a smart screen, a holographic projector, a video player, a remote control robot, a tactile Internet terminal, etc. An XR terminal can present XR data to a user, and the user can experience diverse XR services by wearing or using the XR terminal. The XR terminal can access the network wirelessly or wiredly, for example, by accessing the network through WiFi or a 5G system.

[0111] The core network includes a mobility management network element, a session management network element, and a user plane network element. Optionally, the core network further includes a network capability open network element and / or a policy control network element.

[0112] The mobility management network element is mainly used for mobility management in a mobile network, such as user location update, user network registration, user handover, etc. In a 4G communication system, the mobility management network element can be a mobility management entity (MME). In a 5G communication system, the mobility management network element can be an access and mobility management function (AMF).

[0113] The session management network element is mainly used for session management in a mobile network, such as session establishment, modification, and release. Specific functions include allocating Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for users, selecting user plane network elements that provide packet forwarding functions, etc. In a 4G communication system, the session management network element can be a serving gateway control plane (SGW-C), a packet data network gateway control plane (PGW-C), or a network element that combines SGW-C and PGW-C. In a 5G communication system, the session management network element can be a session management function (SMF).

[0114] The user plane network element is mainly used to forward user data packets according to the routing rules of the session management network element. In a 4G communication system, the user plane network element can be a serving gateway user plane (SGW-U), a packet data network gateway user plane (PGW-U), or a network element that combines SGW-U and PGW-U. In a 5G communication system, the user plane network element can be a user plane function (UPF) network element.

[0115] The policy control network element includes functions such as user subscription data management, policy control, charging policy control, and quality of service (QoS) control. In a 4G communication system, the policy control network element can be a policy control and charging function (PCRF). In a 5G communication system, the policy control network element can be a policy control function (PCF).

[0116] The network capability open network element is mainly used to open the capabilities of the communication system to third parties, application service functions, etc., and transfer information between third parties, application servers and the communication system. In a 4G communication system, the network capability open network element can be a service capability exposure function (SCEF). In a 5G communication system, the network capability open network element can be a network exposure function (NEF).

[0117] In future communication systems such as 6G communication systems, the above network elements or devices can still use their names in 4G or 5G communication systems, or they can have other names. The functions of the above network elements or devices can be completed by an independent network element or by several network elements together. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0118] In actual deployment, the network elements in the core network can be deployed on the same or different physical devices. For example, as a possible deployment, the AMF and the SMF can be deployed on the same physical device. Also, for example, the network elements of the 5G core network can be deployed on the same physical device as the network elements of the 4G core network.

[0119] In actual deployment, the network elements in the core network can be co-located. For example, the mobility management network element can be co-located with the session management network element. Also, for example, the session management network element can be co-located with the user plane network element. When two or more network elements are co-located, the interaction between these two or more network elements provided in the present application becomes an internal operation of the co-located network element or can be omitted.

[0120] Compared with the core network of the 4G communication system, the core network of the 5G communication system adopts an architecture that separates the control plane from the user plane and a service-based architecture. It can be understood that the solution in the present application can be applied not only to 5G communication systems, but also to evolved 4G communication systems, or future 6G communication systems, etc. The network applicable to the solution of the present application can adopt an architecture that separates the control plane from the user plane or an architecture that combines the control plane and the user plane. The network applicable to the solution of the present application can adopt a service-based architecture or a non-service-based architecture.

[0121] It can be understood that with the evolution of the network, the names of the above network elements may change, and the functions of the network elements may also be merged, separated, or even changed, but these changes do not mean that they are outside the scope of application of the solution of the present application.

[0122] In a wireless communication network, XR technology has advantages such as multiple perspectives and strong interactivity, which can provide users with a brand-new experience and has great application value and commercial potential. XR includes technologies such as VR, AR, and MR, and can be widely applied in many fields such as entertainment, gaming, medical, advertising, industry, online education, and engineering. VR technology mainly refers to the rendering of visual and audio scenes to simulate the sensory stimuli of vision and audio in the real world as much as possible. VR technology usually requires users to wear XR terminals (such as head-mounted devices) to simulate vision and / or hearing for users. VR technology can also track the movements of users to update the simulated visual and / or auditory content in a timely manner. AR technology mainly refers to providing additional visual and / or auditory information or artificially generated content in the real environment perceived by users. Among them, the acquisition of the real environment by users can be direct (such as without sensing, processing, and rendering), or indirect (such as transmitted through sensors, etc.), and further enhancement processing is carried out. MR technology inserts some virtual elements into the physical scene to provide users with an immersive experience that these elements are part of the real scene. Network devices can process and transmit the data generated by XR services (which can be called XR data). For example, network devices in the cloud can render and encode the source data of XR (such as source coding), and transmit the XR data to the XR terminal through network devices in the core network and / or access network. The XR terminal provides users with diverse XR experiences (such as immersive experience, visual experience, interactive experience, or device experience, etc.) by processing the XR data. There are multiple different evaluation dimensions for XR experiences, such as including one or more of the following evaluation dimensions: picture clarity, picture smoothness, picture distortion, picture stereoscopic effect, picture black borders, picture smear, sound quality, sound effect, field of view angle, sense of lag, sense of screen freeze, sense of dizziness, audio-video synchronization, interaction freedom, interaction operation response speed, interaction operation accuracy, interaction content loading speed, terminal wearing comfort, terminal wearing fatigue, terminal battery life, terminal portability, or terminal friendliness to visual impairment, etc.

[0123] One characteristic of XR data is that there is a certain dependency relationship between the data. For example, for the video frame in XR data, it can generally be divided into multiple data packets. If the transmission of a certain data packet among these multiple data packets fails, it may cause the entire video frame to not be correctly received. Another example is in the tactile Internet, information such as video information, tactile information, and control information has dependent synchronization requirements. When the transmission of a certain type of information is lost or delayed, it will affect the overall service effect and user experience. Therefore, how to meet the synchronization requirements between data when transmitting XR data with a dependency relationship, so as to improve the user experience of XR services, has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0124] The embodiments in this application provide an integrity transmission method for XR data. In this method, data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies is transmitted integrally to meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, thereby enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0125] The integrity transmission of data in this application can be understood as treating two or more data units as a whole for transmission. Among them, there can be multiple different understandings of the object targeted by integrity.

[0126] For example, the object of integrity can be content, that is, content integrity. Multiple contents in different dimensions are related, so the multiple data units corresponding to the contents in these multiple dimensions are transmitted integrally. For example, there is a relationship between multiple data units corresponding to the content of a picture frame, a relationship between the base layer data unit and the enhancement layer data unit corresponding to the content of a picture frame, a relationship between the picture frame data unit and the audio data unit, etc.

[0127] Also, for example, the object of integrity can also be a task, an event, an object, or a class, that is, task integrity, event integrity, object integrity, or class integrity. Multiple data units in the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same class are related, so the multiple data units in the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same class are transmitted integrally. For example, in the tactile Internet, there is a relationship between multiple data units corresponding to information such as video, audio, actions, and touch.

[0128] It can be understood that the integrity transmission and the integrity object in this application can also have other descriptions. For example, the above integrity transmission can also be described as task-driven transmission, or event-based transmission, or object-oriented transmission, etc., all within the scope of this application.

[0129] The embodiments provided in this application are applicable to a variety of different scenarios. For example Figures 3 - 5 shows several schematic diagrams of scenarios to which the embodiments of this application can be applied.

[0130] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a scenario to which an embodiment of this application is applicable. Figure 3Schematically shows a system 300, including a server 310, a core network and an access network 320 (which can be abbreviated as a transmission network 320, such as an LTE, 5G or 6G network), and an XR terminal 330. Among them, the server 310 can be used to encode, decode and render the source data of XR, the transmission network 320 can be used to transmit XR data, and the XR terminal 330 provides users with diverse XR experiences by processing XR data. It can be understood that other devices may also be included between the transmission network 320 and the XR terminal 330. For example, other terminals (such as mobile phones, laptops, or cars, etc.) and / or network devices (such as relays, WiFi routers, or WiFi access points, etc.) may also be included. The XR terminal 330 obtains XR data from the transmission network 320 with the help of other terminals and / or network devices.

[0131] Figure 4 Shows a schematic diagram of another scenario applicable to the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4 Schematically shows a system 400, including an XR terminal 430, a core network and an access network 420 (which can be abbreviated as a transmission network 420, such as an LTE, 5G or 6G network), and other terminals 410. The other terminals 410 are terminals other than the XR terminal 430. The other terminals 410 can be a type of XR terminal or a type of ordinary terminal (also referred to as a non-XR terminal). The other terminals 410 can transmit data to the XR terminal 430 through the transmission network 420. For example, in a tactile Internet, the XR terminal 430 can be a remotely controlled robot or a remote operator in a controlled domain, and the other terminals 410 can be a tactile user and / or an artificial system interface in a primary domain. The other terminals 410 in the primary domain transmit data to the XR terminal 430 in the controlled domain through the transmission network 420, so as to realize remote control of the XR terminal 430.

[0132] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of another scenario applicable to the embodiments of the present application. Figure 5 Schematically shows a system 500, including a server 510, a fixed network 520, a WiFi router or a WiFi access point 530 (which can be abbreviated as a WiFi device 530), and an XR terminal 540. The server 510 can be used to encode, decode and render the source data of XR, and transmit the XR data to the XR terminal 540 with the help of the fixed network 520 and the WiFi device 530.

[0133] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and implementation manners can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. It should be understood that the functions explained in the present application can be implemented by an independent hardware circuit, software running in combination with a processor / microprocessor or a general-purpose computer, a dedicated integrated circuit, and / or one or more digital signal processors. When the present application is described as a method, it can also be implemented in a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor.

[0134] Figure 6 It is an interaction schematic diagram of a communication method 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 In this, the server or data network, the user plane network element, the access network device, and the terminal are taken as examples of the execution entities of this interaction schematic to illustrate the communication method, but the present application does not limit the execution entities of this interaction schematic. For example, Figure 6 the server in this can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the server to implement this method, Figure 6 the user plane network element in this can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the user plane network element to implement this method, Figure 6 the access network device in this can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the access network device to implement this method, Figure 6 the terminal in this can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal to implement this method. Figure 6 The method 600 schemed in this includes parts 610 to 660. Through this method, it is possible to perform integrity transmission on data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, and thus improve the user experience of XR services. The method 600 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be introduced below.

[0135] Part 610: The server or data network sends a first data unit containing first identification information and second identification information to the user plane network element. Correspondingly, the user plane network element receives the first data unit. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, and this data packet can be, for example, obtained after the server encodes and / or renders the source data of XR.

[0136] Optionally, the first identification information is used to identify the first data unit. For example, the first identification information includes packet flow description (PFD) information of the first data unit or other index information or identifier (ID) information that can identify the first data unit.

[0137] Optionally, the second identification information includes integrity marking information. The data information included in the first data units with the same integrity marking information can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity marking information. The integrity marking information is only a possible name, and any other information that can achieve the above functions should be understood as the integrity marking information in the solution of the present application.

[0138] In a possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame, so that the data information included in the multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0139] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. In this way, the same slice data or the same tile data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0140] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame, so that the data information included in the multiple first data units corresponding to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0141] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame, so that the data information included in the multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of audio-video synchronization.

[0142] In another possible implementation, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information can be regarded as data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type. In this way, the data information contained in multiple first data units corresponding to the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type of data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of services such as the tactile Internet.

[0143] Optionally, the first data unit further includes fifth identification information, and the fifth identification information identifies the number of data units regarded as a whole for transmission. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the fifth identification information may include integrity quantity identification information, and the integrity quantity identification information identifies the number of data units regarded as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity quantity identification information. The integrity quantity identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the integrity quantity identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0144] Optionally, the first data unit further includes sixth identification information, and the sixth identification information identifies the frame, shard, or stripe to which the data units regarded as a whole for transmission belong. The data units regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the sixth identification information may include one or more of integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information identifies the frame to which the data units regarded as a whole for transmission belong, the integrity shard identification information identifies the shard to which the data units regarded as a whole for transmission belong, and the integrity stripe identification information identifies the stripe to which the data units regarded as a whole for transmission belong. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific names of the integrity frame identification information, the integrity shard identification information, or the integrity stripe identification information. The integrity frame identification information, the integrity shard identification information, or the integrity stripe identification information are only possible names, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the integrity frame identification information, the integrity shard identification information, or the integrity stripe identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0145] Optionally, the first data unit further includes seventh identification information, and the seventh identification information identifies the total size of the data unit that is regarded as a whole for transmission. The data unit regarded as a whole for transmission may include the first data unit. For example, the seventh identification information may include integrity size identification information, and the integrity size identification information identifies the total size of the data unit that is regarded as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity size identification information. The integrity size identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the integrity size identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0146] 620 part: The user plane network element obtains the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement. The data information included in the first data unit with the integrity transmission requirement will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity transmission requirement. The integrity transmission requirement is only a possible name, and any other requirement name that can reflect the above functions should be understood as the integrity transmission requirement in the solution of the present application.

[0147] In a possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above target transmission requirements, the data information included in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0148] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. When these first data units have the above target transmission requirements, the data information included in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0149] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above target transmission requirements, the data information included in these first data units will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0150] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information included in these first data units will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-visual synchronization.

[0151] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information, etc. can be used as data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same type. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the data information included in these first data units will subsequently be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of services such as the tactile Internet.

[0152] Optionally, there is a first correspondence relationship between the above-mentioned target transmission requirements and the first identification information. The user plane network element obtaining the target transmission requirements corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information may specifically include: the user plane network element obtaining the above-mentioned target transmission requirements according to the first identification information and the first correspondence relationship. In this way, the target transmission requirements can be obtained more conveniently.

[0153] This first correspondence relationship may be predefined or obtained by the user plane network element from the session management network element. When the user plane network element obtains this first correspondence relationship from the session management network element, optionally, this first correspondence relationship is included in a packet detection rule (PDR), and the session management network element configures the PDR including the first correspondence relationship to the user plane network element. The session management network element may obtain this first correspondence relationship from the server through a network capability open network element and / or a policy control network element.

[0154] Part 630: The user plane network element performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirements to obtain a second data unit including a third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Optionally, the second data unit is a QoS flow.

[0155] The second data unit may further include a fourth identification information, and this fourth identification information is used to identify the second data unit. For example, when the second data unit is a QoS flow, the fourth identification information may be a quality of service flow identifier (QFI) for identifying the QoS flow.

[0156] Optionally, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier (PGID). The data information included in the second data unit containing the packet group ID will be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the packet group ID. The packet group ID is only a possible name, and any other name that can reflect the above functions should be understood as the packet group ID in the solution of the present application.

[0157] The third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit. It can be understood that the third identification information is set according to the second identification information. In a possible implementation manner, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units with the same second identification information have the same third data identifier.

[0158] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0159] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0160] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units containing the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby improving the user experience of the video picture.

[0161] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units having the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-visual synchronization.

[0162] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. When these first data units have the above-mentioned target transmission requirements, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may include the same third identification information. The data information included in these second data units having the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0163] Optionally, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. When performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit in the 630 part to obtain the second data unit, protocol header information may be added, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information.

[0164] In a possible implementation manner, the protocol header information is general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) header information. When performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to GTP, the third identification information may be included in the GTP header information. For example, the third identification information may be included in the extension header part of the GTP header information. Since the access network device can parse the content in the GTP header information, the third identification information can be obtained, and further, the access network device can be enabled to perform integrity transmission on the second data units having the same third identification information according to the third identification information, meeting the synchronization requirements between data or information.

[0165] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific protocol on which the above-mentioned protocol data encapsulation is based. GTP is only a possible data encapsulation protocol, and any other protocol that can implement the above functions should be understood as the protocol on which the protocol data encapsulation in the solution of the present application is based.

[0166] Optionally, when the foregoing first data unit contains the fifth identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user plane network element performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further contains the eighth identification information, where the eighth identification information is related to the fifth identification information, and the eighth identification information identifies the number of data units transmitted as a whole. The data units transmitted as a whole may include the second data unit. For example, the eighth identification information includes packet group number (PGN) identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets transmitted as a whole. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the PGN identification information, and the PGN identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the PGN identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0167] Optionally, when the foregoing first data unit contains the sixth identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user plane network element performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit further contains the ninth identification information, where the ninth identification information is related to the sixth identification information, and the ninth identification information identifies the frame, slice, or stripe to which the data unit transmitted as a whole belongs. The data units transmitted as a whole may include the second data unit. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of a packet group frame identifier (PGFID), a packet group slice identifier (PGSID), or a packet group tile identifier (PGTID). The PGFID identifies the frame to which the data packet transmitted as a whole belongs, the PGSID identifies the slice to which the data packet transmitted as a whole belongs, and the PGTID identifies the stripe to which the data packet transmitted as a whole belongs. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific names of the PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID, and the PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID are only possible names, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID in the solution of the present application.

[0168] Optionally, when the foregoing first data unit includes seventh identification information, the second data unit obtained by the user plane network element through protocol data encapsulation of the first data unit further includes tenth identification information, where the tenth identification information is related to the seventh identification information, and the tenth identification information identifies the total size of the data unit regarded as a whole for transmission. The data unit regarded as a whole for transmission may include the second data unit. For example, the tenth identification information includes packet group bit size (PGBS) identification information, and the PGBS identification information identifies the total bit size (which can also be understood as the total number of bits) of the data packets regarded as a whole for transmission. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the PGBS identification information. The PGBS identification information is only a possible name, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the PGBS identification information in the solution of the present application.

[0169] 640 part: In a possible implementation manner of the 640 part, the user plane network element sends the second data unit to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second data unit from the user plane network element and obtains the third identification information and the fourth identification information in the second data unit.

[0170] Optionally, when the second data unit includes eighth identification information, the access network device further obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes ninth identification information, the access network device further obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit includes tenth identification information, the access network device further obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0171] It can be understood that the user plane network element can process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit according to one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information included in the first data unit.

[0172] In a possible implementation, the user plane network element discards or transmits the received data unit according to the fifth identification information. For example, the fifth identification information includes the aforementioned integrity quantity identification information, which identifies the quantity of data packets to be transmitted regarded as a whole (briefly referred to as the quantity of data packets to be transmitted). The user plane network element compares the quantity of received data packets regarded as a whole (briefly referred to as the quantity of received data packets) with the aforementioned quantity of data packets to be transmitted. When the quantity of received data packets is less than the quantity of data packets to be transmitted, the user plane network element discards the received data packets regarded as a whole. When the quantity of received data packets is equal to the quantity of data packets to be transmitted, the user plane network element sends the received data packets regarded as a whole to the access network device. Through this implementation, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the utilization efficiency of transmission resources.

[0173] In another possible implementation, the user plane network element determines the order of transmitting data units according to the sixth identification information. For example, the sixth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity strip identification information. The user plane network element determines the order of sending data packets to the access network device according to one or more of the integrity frame identification information, integrity shard identification information, or integrity strip identification information. Through this implementation, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized according to the correlation of video frames, video shards, or video strips, thereby enhancing the user's experience of XR data.

[0174] In another possible implementation, the user plane network element determines the priority of transmitting data units according to the seventh identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data units to be preferentially transmitted). For example, the seventh identification information includes the aforementioned integrity size identification information. The user plane network element determines the priority of the data packets to be sent to the access network device according to the integrity size identification information, that is, determines which data packets to preferentially send to the access network device. Through this implementation, the data transmission requirements with high priority can be met, thereby enhancing the user's experience of XR data.

[0175] 650 Part: The access network device obtains the QoS template (profile) information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit.

[0176] Optionally, there is a second correspondence between the above QoS template information and the fourth identification information. The access network device obtains the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit, specifically including: the access network device obtains the QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information in the second data unit and the second correspondence. In this way, the QoS template information can be obtained more conveniently.

[0177] The above second correspondence can be predefined or obtained by the access network device from the mobility management network element. The mobility management network element can obtain the second correspondence from the session management network element.

[0178] The above QoS template information can be predefined or obtained by the access network device from the mobility management network element. The mobility management network element can obtain the QoS template information from the session management network element.

[0179] In a possible implementation manner, the above QoS template information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The target transmission requirement may be, for example, the above integrity transmission requirement.

[0180] In another possible implementation manner, the above QoS template information includes a 5G QoS identifier (5G QoS identifier, 5QI) indicating 5G QoS attribute information, and the 5G QoS attribute information includes attribute information of a target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. The target transmission requirement may be, for example, the above integrity transmission requirement.

[0181] For example, the above attribute information of the target transmission requirement may be integrity transmission indication information, and the integrity transmission indication information is used to indicate that the corresponding QoS flow needs to perform integrity transmission. It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific name of the integrity transmission indication information. The integrity transmission indication information is only a possible name, and any other information that can implement the above functions should be understood as the integrity transmission indication information in the solution of the present application.

[0182] Optionally, the QoS template information in this application may further include one or more of the following information: allocation and retention priority (ARP) information, guaranteed flow bit rate (GFBR) information, maximum flow bit rate (MFBR) information, notification control information, maximum packet loss rate (MPLR) information, or reflective QoS attribute (RQA) information.

[0183] Optionally, the 5G QoS attribute information in this application may further include one or more of the following information: resource type information, priority information, packet delay budget (PDB) information, packet error rate (PER) information, average window information, or maximum data burst volume information.

[0184] 660 part: The access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit and the above QoS template information. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the second data unit.

[0185] In a possible implementation manner, when the above QoS template information indicates a target transmission requirement, the access network device performs integrity transmission on the second data units with the same third identification information.

[0186] The access network device can perform transmission on the second data units with the same third identification information through a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0187] In a possible transmission manner, the access network device carries two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer for transmission. By this means, the access network can perform holistic scheduling on the two or more second data units, thereby enhancing the user's experience of video.

[0188] In another possible transmission manner, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device preferentially schedules these second data units. By this means, the access network can set different priorities for different services, enhancing the user's perceptual experience of multimedia services.

[0189] In another possible transmission mode, two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and a part of the second data units have been successfully transmitted, while another part of the second data units have not been successfully transmitted. Then, the access network device preferentially schedules the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted. By this means, it is possible to ensure that the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted can obtain reliable transmission preferentially through scheduling, and avoid the problem of invalid transmission of the second data units that have been successfully transmitted due to the transmission error of some second data units.

[0190] Through the above method, the access network device can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving the network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0191] In a possible implementation manner of part 640, the user plane network element sends at least two second data units to the access network device. The at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units respectively contain different fourth identification information. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the at least two second data units. Correspondingly, in part 650, the access network device obtains QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units according to the fourth identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. The QoS template information indicates, for example, the target transmission requirements. Correspondingly, in part 660, the access network device outputs / sends the at least two second data units to the terminal according to the third identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units and the above QoS template information. For example, the at least two second data units can be carried on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0192] For example, the access network device receives two second data units U1 and U2 from the user plane network element. Taking the third identification information as PGID and the fourth identification information as QFI as an example. U1 and U2 contain the same third identification information PGID0, and U1 and U2 respectively contain the fourth identification information QFI 1 and QFI 2 , QFI 1 is different from QFI 2 . QFI 1 corresponds to the first QoS template information, and QFI 2 corresponds to the second QoS template information. The access network device obtains the first QoS template information corresponding to U1 according to QFI 1 , where the first QoS template information indicates the target transmission requirements. The access network device obtains the second QoS template information corresponding to U2 according to QFI 2Obtain the second QoS template information corresponding to U2, where the second QoS template information also indicates the target transmission requirement. The access network device carries U1 and U2 on the same radio bearer for transmission according to the same third identification information PGID included in U1 and U2 0 and the target transmission requirements indicated by the first QoS template information and the second QoS template information (such as integrity transmission requirements) to carry U1 and U2 on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0193] Optionally, when the access network device obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information.

[0194] In a possible implementation manner, the access network device discards or sends the received data unit according to the eighth identification information. For example, the eighth identification information includes the aforementioned PGN identification information, and the PGN identification information identifies the number of data packets to be transmitted regarded as a whole (referred to as the number of data packets to be transmitted). The access network device compares the number of received data packets regarded as a whole (referred to as the number of received data packets) with the above-mentioned number of data packets to be transmitted. When the number of received data packets is less than the number of data packets to be transmitted, the access network device discards the received data packets regarded as a whole. When the number of received data packets is equal to the number of data packets to be transmitted, the access network device sends the received data packets regarded as a whole to the terminal. Through this implementation manner, data transmission that does not contribute to the XR data experience can be reduced, thereby reducing the waste of transmission resources and improving the utilization efficiency of transmission resources.

[0195] In another possible implementation manner, the access network device determines the order of transmitting data units according to the ninth identification information. For example, the ninth identification information includes one or more of the aforementioned PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. The access network device determines the order of sending data packets to the terminal according to one or more of the PGFID, PGSID, or PGTID. Through this implementation manner, the scheduling of data transmission can be optimized according to the correlation of video frames, video slices, or video stripes, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0196] In another possible implementation, the access network device determines the priority of the transmission data unit based on the tenth identification information (which can also be understood as determining the data unit to be preferentially transmitted). For example, the tenth identification information includes the aforementioned PGBS identification information. The access network device determines the priority of the data packet sent to the terminal according to the PGBS identification information, that is, determines which data packets to preferentially send to the terminal. Through this implementation, the data transmission requirements with high priority can be met, thereby improving the user experience of XR data.

[0197] Figure 7 It is an interaction schematic diagram of another communication method 700 provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 In the example, the server or data network, user plane network element, access network device, and terminal are used as the execution entities of this interaction schematic to illustrate this communication method, but the present application does not limit the execution entities of this interaction schematic. For example, Figure 7 the server in it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the server to implement this method, Figure 7 the user plane network element in it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the user plane network element to implement this method, Figure 7 the access network device in it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the access network device to implement this method, Figure 7 the terminal in it can also be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal to implement this method. Figure 7 The method 700 schemed in it includes parts 710 to 740. Through this method, the integrity transmission of data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies can be performed, the synchronization requirements between data or information can be met, and thus the user experience of the XR service can be improved. The method 700 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be introduced below.

[0198] Part 710: The server or data network sends a first data unit containing second identification information to the user plane network element. Correspondingly, the user plane network element receives the first data unit. Optionally, the first data unit is a data packet, and this data packet can be, for example, the source data of XR encoded and / or rendered by the server. Optionally, the first data unit may further include one or more of the first identification information, fifth identification information, sixth identification information, or seventh identification information. For the first identification information, second identification information, fifth identification information, sixth identification information, and seventh identification information, reference can be made to the description in method 600, and details will not be elaborated here.

[0199] In a possible implementation manner, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same picture frame, so that the data information included in multiple first data units corresponding to the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0200] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the picture frame. In this way, the same slice data or the same tile data can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0201] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame, so that the data information included in multiple first data units corresponding to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of the video picture.

[0202] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame, so that the data information included in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the picture frame and the audio data synchronized with the picture frame can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio - video synchronization.

[0203] In another possible implementation manner, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. For example, for the tactile Internet, one or more of the information such as action information, tactile information, picture frames, or audio information can be used as the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. In this way, the data information included in multiple first data units corresponding to the data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category can be regarded as a whole for subsequent transmission on the access network device side, thereby enhancing the user experience of, for example, the tactile Internet service.

[0204] 720 Part: The user plane network element performs protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. Optionally, the second data unit is a QoS flow. Optionally, the second data unit may further contain one or more of fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information, or tenth identification information. For the third identification information, fourth identification information, eighth identification information, ninth identification information, and tenth identification information, reference may be made to the description in method 600, which will not be elaborated here.

[0205] The third identification information in the second data unit is related to the second identification information in the first data unit, which can be understood as the third identification information is set according to the second identification information. In a possible implementation manner, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units with the same second identification information have the same third data identification.

[0206] For example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the data of the same video frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video frame.

[0207] For another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the same slice data or the same tile data in the video frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video frame.

[0208] For yet another example, two or more first data units with the same second identification information may correspond to the base layer data and the enhancement layer data of the same video frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units with the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby improving the user experience of the video frame.

[0209] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to data of a picture frame and audio data synchronized with the picture frame. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units having the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of audio-video synchronization.

[0210] For another example, two or more first data units having the same second identification information may correspond to data of the same task, the same event, the same object, or the same category. The second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on these first data units may contain the same third identification information. The data information contained in these second data units having the same third identification information will be regarded as a whole for transmission on the access network device side subsequently, thereby enhancing the user experience of, for example, tactile Internet services.

[0211] 730 part: The user plane network element sends the second data unit to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the second data unit from the user plane network element and obtains the third identification information in the second data unit.

[0212] Optionally, when the second data unit contains the eighth identification information, the access network device also obtains the eighth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit contains the ninth identification information, the access network device also obtains the ninth identification information in the second data unit. When the second data unit contains the tenth identification information, the access network device also obtains the tenth identification information in the second data unit.

[0213] It can be understood that the user plane network element can process the first data unit and / or send the second data unit according to one or more of the fifth identification information, the sixth identification information, or the seventh identification information contained in the first data unit. For the detailed implementation manner, reference can be made to the description in method 600, which will not be elaborated here.

[0214] 740 part: The access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to the third identification information in the second data unit. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the second data unit.

[0215] In a possible implementation manner, the access network device performs integrity transmission on the second data units having the same third identification information.

[0216] The access network device can perform transmission on the second data units having the same third identification information through a variety of different integrity transmission methods.

[0217] In a possible transmission mode, the access network device carries two or more second data units with the same third identification information on the same radio bearer for transmission. Through this method, the access network can perform overall scheduling on the two or more second data units, thereby enhancing the user's experience of video.

[0218] In another possible transmission mode, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, the access network device preferentially schedules these second data units. Through this method, the access network can set different priorities for different services, enhancing the user's perception experience of multimedia services.

[0219] In another possible transmission mode, if two or more second data units have the same third identification information, and a part of the second data units have been successfully transmitted while another part have not, the access network device preferentially schedules the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted. Through this method, it is possible to ensure that the second data units that have not been successfully transmitted obtain reliable transmission through scheduling, avoiding the problem of invalid transmission of the second data units that have been successfully transmitted due to the error of some second data units during transmission.

[0220] Through the above methods, the access network device can achieve bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies on the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0221] In a possible implementation manner of part 730, the user plane network element sends at least two second data units to the access network device, and the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the at least two second data units. Correspondingly, in part 740, the access network device outputs / sends the at least two second data units to the terminal according to the third identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. For example, the at least two second data units can be carried on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0222] For example, the access network device receives two second data units U1 and U2 from the user plane network element. Taking the third identification information as PGID as an example. U1 and U2 contain the same third identification information PGID 0 . The access network device, based on the same third identification information PGID contained in U1 and U2 0 carries U1 and U2 on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0223] Optionally, when the access network device obtains one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information from the second data unit, the access network device outputs / sends the second data unit to the terminal according to one or more of the eighth identification information, the ninth identification information, or the tenth identification information. For the detailed implementation manners, reference may be made to the description in Method 600, which will not be elaborated here.

[0224] Corresponding to the method given in the foregoing method embodiment, an embodiment of the present application further provides a corresponding apparatus, including modules for performing the corresponding operations in the foregoing embodiments. The modules may be software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0225] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of an apparatus is given. The apparatus 800 may be a network device, a terminal device, a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the network device to implement the foregoing method, or may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal device to implement the foregoing method. The apparatus may be used to implement the method described in the foregoing method embodiment. For details, reference may be made to the description in the foregoing method embodiment.

[0226] The apparatus 800 may include one or more processors 801. The processor 801 may also be referred to as a processing unit and may implement certain control functions. The processor 801 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, etc. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control a communication device (such as a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal, a terminal chip, a DU, or a CU), execute a software program, and process data of the software program.

[0227] In an alternative design, the processor 801 may also store instructions and / or data 803, and the instructions and / or data 803 may be run by the processor, so that the apparatus 800 executes the method described in the foregoing method embodiment.

[0228] In another alternative design, the processor 801 may include a transceiver unit for implementing receiving and sending functions. For example, the transceiver unit may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing receiving and sending functions may be separate or integrated together. The foregoing transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used for reading and writing codes / data, or the foregoing transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used for signal transmission or transfer.

[0229] In yet another possible design, the apparatus 800 may include a circuit, and the circuit may implement the functions of sending, receiving, or communicating in the foregoing method embodiment.

[0230] Optionally, the device 800 may include one or more memories 802, on which instructions 804 may be stored, and the instructions may be run on the processor, so that the device 800 executes the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. Optionally, data may also be stored in the memory. Optionally, instructions and / or data may also be stored in the processor. The processor and the memory may be provided separately or integrated together. For example, the corresponding relationships described in the foregoing method embodiments may be stored in the memory or in the processor.

[0231] Optionally, the device 800 may further include a transceiver 805 and / or an antenna 806. The processor 801 may be referred to as a processing unit to control the device 800. The transceiver 805 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver device, or a transceiver module, etc., and is used to implement the transceiver function.

[0232] Optionally, the device 800 in the embodiments of the present application may be used to execute the Figure 6 or Figure 7 methods described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0233] The processor and the transceiver described in the present application may be implemented on an integrated circuit (IC), an analog IC, a radio frequency integrated circuit RFIC, a mixed-signal IC, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a printed circuit board (PCB), an electronic device, etc. The processor and the transceiver may also be manufactured using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), N-type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS), P-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), BiCMOS, silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0234] The devices described in the foregoing embodiments may be network devices or terminal devices, but the scope of the devices described in the present application is not limited thereto, and the structure of the devices may not be limited by Figure 8 . The device may be an independent device or may be a part of a larger device. For example, the device may be:

[0235] (1) An independent integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

[0236] (2) A set having one or more ICs, optionally, the IC set may also include a storage component for storing data and / or instructions;

[0237] (3) ASIC, such as a modem (MSM);

[0238] (4) A module that can be embedded in other devices;

[0239] (5) A receiver, a terminal, a smart terminal, a cellular phone, a wireless device, a handset, a mobile unit, a vehicle-mounted device, a network device, a cloud device, an artificial intelligence device, a machine device, a home device, a medical device, an industrial device, etc.;

[0240] (6) Others, etc.

[0241] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of a terminal device is provided. The terminal device is applicable to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 or Figure 5 the scenarios shown. For ease of illustration, Figure 9 only the main components of the terminal device are shown. As Figure 9 shown, the terminal device 900 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and an input / output device. The processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and to control the entire terminal, execute software programs, and process the data of software programs. The memory is mainly used to store software programs and data. The radio frequency circuit is mainly used for the conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals and the processing of radio frequency signals. The antenna is mainly used to receive and transmit radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. The input / output device, such as a touch screen, a display screen, a keyboard, etc., is mainly used to receive data input by the user and output data to the user.

[0242] After the terminal device is powered on, the processor can read the software program in the storage unit, parse and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be wirelessly transmitted, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and then outputs a baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. The radio frequency circuit processes the baseband signal to obtain a radio frequency signal and transmits the radio frequency signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal device, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna. The radio frequency signal is further converted into a baseband signal, and the baseband signal is output to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0243] For ease of explanation, Figure 9 only one memory and one processor are shown. In an actual terminal device, there may be multiple processors and memories. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., and the embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.

[0244] As an optional implementation manner, the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processor. The baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processor is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process data of software programs. Figure 9 The processor in [description] integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processor. Those skilled in the art can understand that the baseband processor and the central processor may also be independent processors and are interconnected through technologies such as a bus. Those skilled in the art can understand that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network systems, and a terminal device may include multiple central processors to enhance its processing ability. Each component of the terminal device can be connected through various buses. The baseband processor may also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The central processor may also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data may be built into the processor or stored in a storage unit in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to implement the baseband processing function.

[0245] In an example, an antenna and a control circuit with transceiver functions may be regarded as a transceiver unit 911 of the terminal device 900, and a processor with processing functions may be regarded as a processing unit 912 of the terminal device 900. As Figure 9 shown, the terminal device 900 includes a transceiver unit 911 and a processing unit 912. The transceiver unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver machine, a transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the devices in the transceiver unit 911 used to implement the receiving function may be regarded as a receiving unit, and the devices in the transceiver unit 911 used to implement the sending function may be regarded as a sending unit, that is, the transceiver unit 911 includes a receiving unit and a sending unit. Exemplarily, the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiver circuit, etc., and the sending unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter circuit, etc. Optionally, the above receiving unit and sending unit may be integrated into one unit, or may be multiple independent units. The above receiving unit and sending unit may be in one geographical location or may be dispersed in multiple geographical locations.

[0246] As Figure 10As shown in the figure, another embodiment of the present application provides a device 1000. The device can be a terminal or a component of a terminal (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.). Alternatively, the device can be a network device or a component of a network device (e.g., an integrated circuit, a chip, etc.). The device can also be other communication modules for implementing the methods in the method embodiments of the present application. The device 1000 may include a processing module 1002 (or referred to as a processing unit). Optionally, it may further include a transceiver module 1001 (or referred to as a transceiver unit) and a storage module 1003 (or referred to as a storage unit).

[0247] In a possible design, such as Figure 10 one or more of the modules may be implemented by one or more processors, or by one or more processors and a memory; or by one or more processors and a transceiver; or by one or more processors, a memory, and a transceiver. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this. The processor, the memory, and the transceiver may be provided separately or integrated.

[0248] The device has the functions of the terminal described in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the device includes the modules, units, or means corresponding to the steps involved in the terminal described in the embodiments of the present application. The functions, units, or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software, or by a combination of software and hardware. For details, reference can be further made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing corresponding method embodiments. Alternatively, the device has the functions of the network device described in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the device includes the modules, units, or means corresponding to the steps involved in the network device described in the embodiments of the present application. The functions, units, or means can be implemented by software, or by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software, or by a combination of software and hardware. For details, reference can be further made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing corresponding method embodiments.

[0249] Optionally, each module in the device 1000 in the embodiments of the present application can be used to execute the methods described in the embodiments of the present application Figure 6 or Figure 7 described.

[0250] In a possible design, a device 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. The transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a first data unit from a server or a data network, where the first data unit includes first identification information and second identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to obtain a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information, and perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. The transceiver module 1001 is further configured to send the second data unit to an access network device.

[0251] Through this device, it is possible to perform integrity transmission on data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, and thus improve the user experience of XR services.

[0252] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, there is a first correspondence between the target transmission requirement and the first identification information.

[0253] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the first correspondence is predefined, or the first correspondence is obtained from a session management network element.

[0254] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the first correspondence is included in the PDR.

[0255] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the processing module 1002 is configured to obtain the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is configured to obtain the target transmission requirement according to the first identification information and the first correspondence.

[0256] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the second data unit further includes fourth identification information. Optionally, the fourth identification information includes QFI.

[0257] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the first identification information includes PFD information.

[0258] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the second identification information includes integrity marking information.

[0259] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0260] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0261] In some possible embodiments of the apparatus 1000, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0262] In another possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. The transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element. The processing module 1002 is configured to obtain third identification information and fourth identification information in the second data unit, and obtain QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information. The processing module 1002 is further configured to output / transmit the second data unit according to the third identification information and the above QoS template information.

[0263] Through the above apparatus, the access network device can implement bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies over the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0264] In some possible embodiments of the apparatus 1000, the transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, specifically including: the transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive at least two second data units from a user plane network element, the at least two second data units respectively include the same third identification information, and the at least two second data units also respectively include different fourth identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to obtain QoS template information corresponding to the second data unit according to the fourth identification information, and output / transmit the second data unit according to the third identification information and the above QoS template information, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is configured to obtain QoS template information corresponding to the at least two second data units respectively according to the fourth identification information included in the at least two second data units, and output / transmit the at least two second data units according to the third identification information and the QoS template information. Optionally, the processing module 1002 is configured to carry the at least two second data units on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0265] In some possible embodiments of the apparatus 1000, the QoS template information includes attribute information of the target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0266] In some possible embodiments of the apparatus 1000, the QoS template information includes a 5QI, and the 5QI indicates 5G QoS attribute information, and the 5G QoS attribute information includes attribute information of the target transmission requirement, and the attribute information of the target transmission requirement indicates the existence of the target transmission requirement. Optionally, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0267] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0268] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0269] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the fourth identification information includes QFI.

[0270] In another possible design, an apparatus 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. The transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a first data unit from a server or a data network, and the first data unit contains second identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information, where the third identification information is related to the second identification information. The transceiver module 1001 is further configured to send the second data unit to an access network device. Optionally, the first data unit may further contain first identification information. Optionally, the second data unit may further contain fourth identification information.

[0271] Through this apparatus, it is possible to perform integrity transmission on data or information with synchronization requirements or dependencies, meet the synchronization requirements between data or information, and thus improve the user experience of XR services.

[0272] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the first identification information includes PFD information.

[0273] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the second identification information includes integrity marking information.

[0274] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

[0275] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the fourth identification information includes QFI.

[0276] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0277] In some possible embodiments of apparatus 1000, the target transmission requirement includes an integrity transmission requirement.

[0278] In another possible design, a device 1000 may include: a processing module 1002 and a transceiver module 1001. The transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, and the second data unit contains third identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to output / transmit the second data unit according to the third identification information in the second data unit. Optionally, the second data unit may further contain fourth identification information.

[0279] Through the above device, the access network device can realize the bound transmission of data with synchronization requirements or dependencies over the air interface, thereby achieving the effect of integrity transmission, improving network transmission efficiency, and enhancing the user experience of XR services.

[0280] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive a second data unit from a user plane network element, specifically including: the transceiver module 1001 is configured to receive at least two second data units from the user plane network element, and the at least two second data units respectively contain the same third identification information. The processing module 1002 is configured to output / transmit the second data unit according to the third identification information in the second data unit, specifically including: the processing module 1002 is configured to output / transmit the at least two second data units according to the third identification information respectively contained in the at least two second data units. Optionally, the processing module 1002 is configured to carry the at least two second data units on the same radio bearer for transmission.

[0281] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier.

[0282] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the fourth identification information includes QFI.

[0283] In some possible embodiments of the device 1000, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is contained in the protocol header information. Optionally, the protocol header information is GTP header information.

[0284] It can be understood that some optional features in the embodiments of the present application can, in certain scenarios, be implemented independently without relying on other features, such as the current solution they are based on, to solve corresponding technical problems and achieve corresponding effects. In some scenarios, they can also be combined with other features according to requirements. Correspondingly, the devices given in the embodiments of the present application can also implement these features or functions accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0285] Those skilled in the art can also understand that the various illustrative logical blocks and steps listed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. Whether such a function is implemented by hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design requirements of the entire system. For a corresponding application, those skilled in the art can use various methods to implement the described function, but such implementation should not be construed as exceeding the scope protected by the embodiments of the present application.

[0286] It can be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the processor or instructions in software form. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.

[0287] The solutions described in the present application can be implemented in various ways. For example, these technologies can be implemented in a way of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. For hardware implementation, the processing unit for executing these technologies at a communication device (such as a base station, a terminal, a network entity, or a chip) can be implemented in one or more general-purpose processors, DSPs, digital signal processing devices, ASICs, programmable logic devices, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of the above. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor. Optionally, the general-purpose processor can also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.

[0288] It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and directrambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include but not be limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0289] The present application also provides a computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the functions of any one of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0290] The present application also provides a computer program product, and when the computer program product is executed by a computer, the functions of any one of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0291] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wirelessly (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more integrated available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a high-density digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)), etc.

[0292] It can be understood that the "embodiments" mentioned in the specification mean that the specific features, structures, or characteristics related to the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the various embodiments mentioned throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It can be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the magnitudes of the serial numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0293] It can be understood that in the present application, "when", "if", and "in case" all mean that the device will perform corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, which does not limit the time, and it is not required that the device must have a judgment action when implemented, nor does it mean there are other limitations.

[0294] The "simultaneously" in the present application can be understood as at the same time point, can also be understood as within a period of time, and can also be understood as within the same cycle.

[0295] Those skilled in the art can understand that the various numerical numbers such as the first and second involved in this application are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The specific values of the numbers (which can also be referred to as indexes) in this application, the specific values of the quantities, and the positions are only for illustrative purposes and are not the only representation forms, nor are they used to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The various numerical numbers such as the first and the second involved in this application are also only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0296] In this application, the elements represented by using the singular form are intended to mean "one or more", rather than "one and only one", unless otherwise specified. In this application, without otherwise specified, "at least one" is intended to mean "one or more", and "a plurality" is intended to mean "two or more".

[0297] In addition, the terms "system" and "network" in this article are often used interchangeably in this article. The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Among them, A can be singular or plural, and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0298] The term "at least one of..." or "at least one kind of..." in this article means all or any combination of the items listed. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" can represent: A exists alone, B exists alone, C exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, B and C exist simultaneously, and A, B, and C exist simultaneously. Among them, A can be singular or plural, B can be singular or plural, and C can be singular or plural.

[0299] It can be understood that in the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A. However, it should also be understood that determining B according to A does not mean determining B only according to A, and B can also be determined according to A and / or other information.

[0300] The corresponding relationships shown in each table in this application can be configured or predefined. The values of the information in each table are only examples and can be configured as other values, which are not limited in this application. When configuring the corresponding relationships between the configuration information and each parameter, it is not necessarily required to configure all the corresponding relationships shown in each table. For example, in the tables in this application, the corresponding relationships shown in some rows can also be not configured. Another example is that appropriate deformation adjustments can be made based on the above tables, such as splitting, merging, etc. The names of the parameters shown in the titles of the above tables can also be other names understandable by the communication device, and the values or representation methods of the parameters can also be other values or representation methods understandable by the communication device. When implementing the above tables, other data structures can also be used, such as arrays, queues, containers, stacks, linear lists, pointers, linked lists, trees, graphs, structures, classes, heaps, hash tables or hash maps, etc.

[0301] The predefined in this application can be understood as definition, pre - definition, storage, pre - storage, pre - negotiation, pre - configuration, solidification, or pre - firing.

[0302] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed in this article can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0303] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0304] It can be understood that the systems, devices, and methods described in this application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect couplings or communication connections of the devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0305] The unit described as a separation component may or may not be physically separated. The component displayed as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0306] In addition, in each embodiment of the present application, each functional unit may be integrated in a processing unit, may exist separately as individual physical units, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.

[0307] If the described function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, external hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0308] In the present application, the same or similar parts between various embodiments can be referred to each other. In each embodiment of the present application, as well as in each implementation manner / implementation method / realization method in each embodiment, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments, as well as between each implementation manner / implementation method / realization method in each embodiment, are consistent and can be mutually referred to. The technical features in different embodiments, as well as in each implementation manner / implementation method / realization method in each embodiment, can be combined according to their internal logical relationships to form new embodiments, implementation manners, implementation methods, or realization methods. The implementation manners of the present application described above do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0309] As described above, the above are only the specific implementation manners of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, comprising: receiving a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit containing second identification information; wherein, the first data units having the same second identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information, wherein the third identification information is set according to the second identification information; the second data units having the same third identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; sending the second data unit to an access network device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the second data units obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units having the same second identification information have the same third identification information.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the first data unit further contains first identification information, and the method further comprises: obtaining a target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information; the performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information includes: performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit containing the third identification information.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the first data unit further contains seventh identification information, and the seventh identification information identifies the total size of the data units including the first data unit and regarded as a whole for transmission.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the second identification information includes integrity marking information.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the third identification information includes a packet group identifier.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, the protocol header information is General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information.

9. A communication device, characterized in that, comprising: a processing module and a transceiver module; the transceiver module is configured to receive a first data unit from a server or a data network, the first data unit containing second identification information; wherein, the first data units having the same second identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; the processing module is configured to perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit containing third identification information, wherein the third identification information is set according to the second identification information; the second data units having the same third identification information correspond to data of the same picture frame or the same slice; the transceiver module is further configured to send the second data unit to an access network device.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein, the second data unit obtained by performing protocol data encapsulation on the first data units having the same said second identification information has the same said third identification information.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, the first data unit further includes first identification information, and the processing module is further configured to: obtain the target transmission requirement corresponding to the first data unit according to the first identification information; the processing module is configured to perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit to obtain a second data unit including the third identification information, including: the processing module is configured to perform protocol data encapsulation on the first data unit according to the target transmission requirement to obtain a second data unit including the third identification information.

12. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, the first data unit further includes seventh identification information, and the seventh identification information identifies the total size of the data units including the first data unit and regarded as a whole for transmission.

13. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, the second identification information includes integrity mark information.

14. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, the third identification information includes a data packet group identifier.

15. The device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, the second data unit includes protocol header information, and the third identification information is included in the protocol header information.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein, the protocol header information is General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GTP) header information.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program or instruction is stored, wherein, when the computer program or instruction is executed, the computer is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

18. A computer program product, which includes computer program code, wherein, when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer is caused to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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