A respiratory simulation training model and a control method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of respiratory simulation training model and its control method, a kind of respiratory simulation training model includes first pleural cavity model, first lung capsule model, pneumothorax simulation structure, pressure display device and control unit.Pneumothorax simulation structure includes first powder box and third air outlet pipeline, pressure display device is used to show the pressure change in the capsule cavity of first lung capsule model;Control unit is electrically connected with first control valve, second control valve, first powder box opening and closing valve.By setting first pleural cavity model, first lung capsule model and pneumothorax simulation structure and pressure display device, the relationship of lung capsule and pleural cavity capsule in human structure is realistically demonstrated, and pleural cavity capsule is in negative pressure state for a long time, more in line with the physiological indication of human body.Control unit controls the opening and closing of corresponding device of respiratory simulation training model in different states, and pressure display device realizes the normal state demonstration of air pressure in lung capsule, improves the model demonstration effect, improves the applicability of model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical simulation equipment, specifically to a respiratory simulation training model and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Thoracentesis and closed drainage are widely used techniques in thoracic surgery and are effective methods for treating pneumothorax and hemothorax. Based on the principle of gravity drainage, it is an important measure for reconstructing and maintaining negative pressure in the pleural cavity after open thoracotomy, draining accumulated air and fluid, and promoting lung expansion. Its purpose is to better improve negative pressure in the pleural cavity, allowing air, blood, and fluid to drain from the pleural cavity and preventing reflux, promoting lung re-expansion and pleural cavity closure; balancing pressure, and preventing mediastinal shift and lung compression. For patients with empyema, drainage should be performed as soon as possible to remove pus, eliminate the abscess cavity, and allow the lung to re-expand as early as possible, restoring lung function.

[0003] Currently, there are no intuitive and realistic drainage device models on the market to help users explain the principles of closed chest drainage, puncture and drainage sites, nursing methods, and how to change the closed chest drainage bottle. It is difficult to clearly explain the principles of closed chest drainage, puncture and drainage methods, nursing methods, and the operation of changing the closed chest drainage bottle simply through language or drawings. This is especially true when simulating pneumothorax, as it is impossible to obtain an intuitive and dynamic pneumothorax scenario, making the applicability of existing simulation models poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a respiratory simulation training model and its control method, which can solve the problems that the existing chest drainage model is not intuitive enough, the pneumothorax scenario simulation cannot be dynamically displayed, and the applicability is poor.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a respiratory simulation training model, including a first pleural cavity model, a first lung sac model, a pneumothorax simulation structure, a pressure display device, and a control unit. The first pleural cavity model has a first cavity simulating a first pleural cavity, the first cavity being under negative pressure; a drainage tube connecting the inside and outside of the first cavity is disposed on the cavity wall; a first air outlet pipe is disposed within the first cavity, one end of the first air outlet pipe being placed inside the first cavity, and the other end being connected to the drainage tube; a first control valve is also disposed on the first air outlet pipe.

[0006] The first lung sac model is placed in the first cavity of the first pleural cavity model. The sac wall of the first lung sac model has a first air inlet and a first air outlet. The first air inlet is connected to a first air inlet tube, and the first air outlet is connected to a drainage tube via a second air outlet tube. The pneumothorax simulation structure includes a first powder box and a third air outlet tube. The third air outlet tube connects the sac cavity of the first lung sac model to the first cavity, and a second control valve is also installed on the third air outlet tube. The first powder box contains a first color powder, and its outlet is connected to the third air outlet tube. A first powder box opening and closing valve is also installed at the outlet of the first powder box. A pressure display device is connected to the drainage tube to display pressure changes within the sac cavity of the first lung sac model and / or within the first cavity. The control unit is electrically connected to the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box opening and closing valve.

[0007] In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model further includes a hemothorax simulation structure, which includes a liquid storage unit, a first liquid inlet pipe, and a second powder box. One end of the first liquid inlet pipe is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to a first cavity. A third control valve is also provided on the first liquid inlet pipe. The second powder box contains a second color powder, and the outlet of the second powder box is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe. A second powder box opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the second powder box. A first liquid outlet pipe is provided in the first cavity. One end of the first liquid outlet pipe is placed in the first cavity, and the other end is connected to a drainage pipe. The first liquid outlet pipe is also connected to a liquid control pump. A fourth control valve is also provided on the first liquid outlet pipe. The control unit is also electrically connected to the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump.

[0008] In some embodiments, the hemothorax simulation structure further includes a third powder box containing a third color powder. The outlet of the third powder box is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe, and a third powder box opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the third powder box. The second color is different from the third color. The control unit is also electrically connected to the third powder box opening and closing valve.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first vent pipe, the first liquid outlet pipe, the drainage pipe, and the second vent pipe are connected by a four-way fitting. The four-way fitting is also provided with a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve. The first one-way valve is located at the connection between the first vent pipe and the drainage pipe, and the second one-way valve is located at the connection between the first liquid outlet pipe and the drainage pipe.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pressure display device includes a storage bottle, a water seal bottle, and a pressure regulating bottle. The storage bottle is connected to a drain pipe via a first pipe. The water seal bottle is connected to the storage bottle via a second pipe, and contains a first amount of liquid. One end of the second pipe extends below the liquid level in the water seal bottle. The pressure regulating bottle is connected to the water seal bottle via a third pipe and is connected to the outside air via a pressure regulating pipe. The pressure regulating bottle contains a second amount of liquid, and one end of the third pipe inside the pressure regulating bottle is higher than the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle. One end of the pressure regulating pipe inside the pressure regulating bottle extends below the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle.

[0011] In some embodiments, a first pressure sensor is also provided in the cavity of the first lung sac, and the first air outlet is also connected to a gas control pump. The gas control pump is used to extract gas from the first cavity to maintain a negative pressure state in the first cavity, and the control unit is also electrically connected to the first pressure sensor and the gas control pump.

[0012] In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model further includes a second pleural cavity model, the second pleural cavity model having a second cavity simulating a second pleural cavity; a first puncture point is provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity, and a first contact sensor and a first indicator unit are provided inside the second cavity; or, a second puncture point is provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity, a liquid bag and a second indicator unit are provided inside the second cavity, and a second contact sensor is also provided on the inner wall of the liquid bag; the control unit is also electrically connected to the first contact sensor and / or the second contact sensor, the first indicator unit and / or the second indicator unit respectively;

[0013] When the control unit detects that the metal contact has passed through the first puncture point and made contact with the first contact sensing plate, the control unit controls the first indicating unit to issue a first indicating message; or, when the control unit detects that the metal contact has passed through the second puncture point and made contact with the second contact sensing plate, the control unit controls the second indicating unit to issue a second indicating message and controls the liquid in the liquid bag to flow out.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a control method for a breathing simulation training model, applicable to any of the aforementioned breathing simulation training models, the method comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. When the control unit receives the first mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box opening and closing valve to all close.

[0016] S2. When the control unit receives the second mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box opening and closing valve to all open.

[0017] In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model includes a hemothorax simulation structure, which includes a liquid storage unit, a first liquid inlet pipe, and a second powder box. One end of the first liquid inlet pipe is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to a first cavity. A third control valve is also provided on the first liquid inlet pipe. The second powder box contains a second color powder, and the outlet of the second powder box is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe. A second powder box opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the second powder box.

[0018] A first liquid outlet pipe is provided in the first cavity. One end of the first liquid outlet pipe is placed in the first cavity, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe. The first liquid outlet pipe is also connected to the liquid control pump. A fourth control valve is also provided on the first liquid outlet pipe. The control unit is also electrically connected to the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump.

[0019] The control method also includes the following steps:

[0020] S3. When the control unit receives the third mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box opening and closing valve to all close.

[0021] S4. Control the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump to all open.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first outlet pipeline is also connected to a gas control pump, and the control unit is also electrically connected to the gas control pump; the control method further includes:

[0023] S5. When the control unit receives the fourth mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the gas control pump to open, and controls the first powder box opening and closing valve to close.

[0024] Unlike existing technologies, the above-mentioned technical solution realistically demonstrates the relationship between the lung sac and pleural sac in the human body by setting up a first pleural cavity model, a first lung sac model, a pneumothorax simulation structure, and a pressure display device. Furthermore, the pleural sac is kept under negative pressure, which better reflects human physiological characteristics. The control unit controls the opening and closing of corresponding devices in different states of the respiratory simulation training model, and the pressure display device shows the normal state of air pressure within the lung sac. Simultaneously, a colored powder box is placed within the pneumothorax simulation structure. When gas leaks from the first lung sac model into the first pleural sac, the powder in the box mixes with the gas, forming colored gas that emerges from the drainage tube. This demonstrates the flow of gas within the first lung sac model and the pressure changes in the first pleural cavity model during pneumothorax, making the demonstration more intuitive and realistic, improving the model's demonstration effect, and thus enhancing the applicability of the simulation model.

[0025] The above description of the invention is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application and to implement it based on the description and drawings, and to make the above-mentioned objectives and other objectives, features and advantages of this application easier to understand, the following description is provided in conjunction with the specific embodiments and drawings of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, features, and effects of specific embodiments of this application and other related content, and should not be considered as limitations on this application.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a respiratory simulation training model with pneumothorax simulation function as described in a specific implementation;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a respiratory simulation training model with hemothorax simulation function as described in a specific implementation.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure display device described in a specific embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second pleural cavity model for a specific implementation method;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control method for the breathing simulation training model described in a specific implementation.

[0033] The reference numerals used in the above figures are explained as follows:

[0034] 11. First cavity;

[0035] 12. Drainage tube;

[0036] 13. First exhaust pipe;

[0037] 14. Gas control pump;

[0038] 15. First check valve;

[0039] 16. First pressure sensor;

[0040] 17. Four-way pipe fittings;

[0041] 21. First lung sac model;

[0042] 211. First air intake;

[0043] 212. First air outlet;

[0044] 213. Second exhaust pipe;

[0045] 31. First powder box;

[0046] 32. Third vent pipe; 41. Liquid storage unit;

[0047] 42. First liquid inlet pipe; 43. Second powder box;

[0048] 44. First liquid outlet line; 45. Liquid control pump;

[0049] 46. ​​Second check valve;

[0050] 47. Third powder box;

[0051] 5. Pressure display device;

[0052] 51. Liquid storage bottle;

[0053] 52. Water-sealed bottle;

[0054] 53. Pressure regulating bottle;

[0055] 54. First pipeline;

[0056] 55. Second pipeline;

[0057] 56. The third pipeline;

[0058] 57. Fourth Pipeline;

[0059] 61. Second cavity;

[0060] 611. First puncture point;

[0061] 612. Second puncture point;

[0062] 613. Second pressure sensor;

[0063] 614. First Indicator Unit;

[0064] 7. Control unit;

[0065] 71. The first chip;

[0066] 72. Second chip. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0068] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0069] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0070] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0071] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0072] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0073] Similar to the understanding in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0074] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0075] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0076] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment of the invention provides a respiratory simulation training model, including a first pleural cavity model, a first lung sac model 21, a pneumothorax simulation structure, a pressure display device 5, and a control unit 7. The first pleural cavity model has a first cavity 11 simulating the first pleural cavity, and the first cavity 11 is in a negative pressure state; a drainage tube 12 connecting the inside and outside of the first cavity 11 is provided on the cavity wall of the first cavity 11; a first air outlet pipe 13 is provided in the first cavity 11, one end of the first air outlet pipe 13 is placed in the first cavity 11, and the other end is connected to the drainage tube 12; a first control valve is also provided on the first air outlet pipe 13.

[0077] The first lung sac model 21 is set in the first cavity 11 of the first pleural cavity model. The first lung sac model 21 has a first air inlet 211 and a first air outlet 212 on its sac wall. The first air inlet 211 is connected to the first air inlet pipe, and the first air outlet 212 is connected to the drainage pipe 12 through the second air outlet pipe 213. The pneumothorax simulation structure includes a first powder box 31 and a third air outlet pipe 32. The third air outlet pipe 32 is used to connect the sac cavity of the first lung sac model 21 and the first cavity 11. A second control valve is also provided on the third air outlet pipe 32. The first powder box 31 contains a first color powder. The outlet of the first powder box 31 is connected to the third air outlet pipe 32. A first powder box 31 opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the first powder box 31. The pressure display device 5 is connected to the drainage tube 12 and is used to display the pressure changes in the cavity of the first lung sac model 21 and / or the pressure changes in the first cavity 11; the control unit 7 is electrically connected to the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31.

[0078] The first pleural cavity model and the first lung sac model 21 are made of elastic materials. In some preferred embodiments, the first pleural cavity model is preferably made of highly transparent silicone to facilitate observation of the contents of the first cavity 11. The first lung sac model 21 can be made of light pink silicone to visually resemble a real lung sac. The first cavity 11 is under negative pressure. A negative pressure generator or a gas pump can be installed inside the first cavity 11 to maintain a real-time negative pressure state. Alternatively, air can be pre-extracted to maintain a negative pressure state in the first cavity 11. The first cavity 11 is connected to the drainage tube 12 through the first venting pipe 13. The first control valve can be a simple on / off valve or an on / off valve with regulating function. The first control valve is used to control the opening and closing of the first venting pipe 13.

[0079] One end of the first air intake pipe is connected to the first air inlet 211, and the other end of the first air intake pipe is connected to an air source. The air source has the function of repeatedly expelling and inhaling air. For example, the air source can be an air cylinder equipped with a control valve, or a blower with an inhalation function. One end of the second air outlet pipe 213 is connected to the drain pipe 12, and the other end of the second air outlet pipe 213 is connected to the first air outlet 212. The end of the drain pipe 12 is connected to the pressure display device 5.

[0080] Under normal breathing conditions, air from the air source enters the first lung model 21 through the first air inlet 211, then flows from the first air outlet 212 through the second air outlet tube 213 to the pressure display device 5, causing a slight increase in pressure within the device. The air source then draws some air out of the first air inlet 211, causing a slight decrease in pressure within the device. This process repeats, simulating normal human breathing. At this time, it can be observed through the pressure display device 5 that the pressure within the first lung model 21 fluctuates within the standard range observed during normal breathing.

[0081] The pneumothorax simulation structure includes a first powder box 31 and a third venting conduit 32. The third venting conduit 32 connects the first lung sac model 21 and the first cavity 11. The first powder box 31 is mounted on the third venting conduit 32. Specifically, the first powder box 31 should be located at the connection between the third venting conduit 32 and the first cavity 11. The end of the first powder box 31 is also equipped with a valve for controlling its opening and closing. The first powder box 31 contains a first-colored powder, which should be different from the color of the first lung sac model 21 and the first pleural cavity model, providing high visibility. In some preferred embodiments, the first color can also be a fluorescent powder, making it easier to see in dark environments. Optionally, the first powder box 31 is detachably mounted on the third venting conduit 32 for timely replacement when the powder in the first powder box 31 is depleted. The third venting conduit 32 is also equipped with a second control valve, which controls the opening and closing of the third venting conduit 32. The second control valve can be an on / off valve.

[0082] The pressure display device 5 is used to display the pressure changes within the cavity of the first lung sac model 21 and / or the pressure changes within the first cavity 11. The specific display is determined based on the actual simulation conditions. For example, when simulating normal human breathing, the pressure display device 5 displays the pressure changes within the cavity of the first lung sac model 21; when simulating pneumothorax, the pressure display device 5 can display the pressure changes within both the first lung sac model 21 and the first cavity 11. Optionally, the pressure display device 5 can be a gas pressure gauge or a gas flow meter, etc., to represent the pressure changes in numerical form.

[0083] The control unit 7 is used to control the opening and closing of various control valves and valves in specific scenarios of the training model, such as switching between normal breathing state and pneumothorax simulation state.

[0084] The specific process of simulating pneumothorax is as follows: Under the simulated normal breathing state of the lung sac in the human body, the control unit 7 simultaneously opens the second control valve on the third air outlet 32, the first control valve on the first air outlet 13, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31. Then, the third air outlet 32 ​​connects the first cavity 11 in the first pleural cavity model with the sac cavity of the first lung sac model 21. Since the first cavity 11 is under negative pressure, the air entering from the first air inlet 211 will be drawn into the first cavity 11. The powder in the first powder box 31 is also drawn into the first cavity 11 due to the negative pressure of the first cavity 11. At this time, the first cavity 11 will be filled with a gas of the first color. The air pressure at the first air outlet 212 will drop significantly, and some of the gas with the first color will be transmitted from the first air outlet pipe 13 to the pressure display device 5. At this time, when observed from the pressure display device 5, it will be found that the pressure change of the first lung sac model 21 overlaps with the pressure change in the first cavity 11. The final result is that the pressure fluctuation in the pressure display device 5 decreases and deviates from the standard value fluctuation range during normal breathing.

[0085] By setting up a first pleural cavity model, a first lung sac model 21, a pneumothorax simulation structure, and a pressure display device 5, the relationship between the lung sac and the pleural cavity sac in the human body is realistically demonstrated. Furthermore, the pleural cavity sac is kept under negative pressure, which is more consistent with human physiological indicators. The control unit 7 controls the opening and closing of corresponding devices in different states of the respiratory simulation training model, and the pressure display device 5 demonstrates the normal state of air pressure within the lung sac. Simultaneously, a colored powder box is placed within the pneumothorax simulation structure. When gas leaks from the first lung sac model 21 into the first pleural cavity sac, the powder in the box mixes with the gas, forming colored gas that emerges from the drainage tube 12. This demonstrates the flow of gas within the first lung sac model 21 and the pressure changes in the first pleural cavity model during pneumothorax, making the demonstration more intuitive and realistic, improving the model's demonstration effect, and thus enhancing its applicability.

[0086] Please see Figure 2In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model further includes a hemothorax simulation structure, which includes a liquid storage unit 41, a first liquid inlet pipe 42, and a second powder box 43. One end of the first liquid inlet pipe 42 is connected to the liquid storage unit 41, and the other end is connected to the first cavity 11. A third control valve is also provided on the first liquid inlet pipe 42. The second powder box 43 contains a second color powder, and the outlet of the second powder box 43 is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe 42. A second powder box 43 opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the second powder box 43. A first liquid outlet pipe 44 is provided in the first cavity 11. One end of the first liquid outlet pipe 44 is placed in the first cavity 11, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe 12. The first liquid outlet pipe 44 is also connected to a liquid control pump 45. A fourth control valve is also provided on the first liquid outlet pipe 44. The control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box 43 opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump 45.

[0087] The liquid storage unit 41 is used to store liquids and can be a glass bottle, plastic bottle, or bag-shaped container. The liquid can be colorless distilled water or colored water, etc. In some preferred embodiments, colorless distilled water is used in a distillation flask for liquid storage. A first inlet pipe 42 is provided at the outlet of the liquid storage unit 41. The other end of the first inlet pipe 42 is connected to a first cavity 11 under negative pressure. To prevent air from entering the first cavity 11, the end of the first inlet pipe 42 connected to the liquid storage unit 41 should extend into the liquid in the liquid storage unit 41 to a certain depth. If the liquid is stored in a liquid bag, excess air in the liquid bag should be expelled. A third control valve is provided on the first inlet pipe 42 to control the opening and closing of the first inlet pipe 42. The third control valve is preferably an on / off valve.

[0088] The second powder box 43 contains a second-color powder, which should be distinct from the first-color powder for high recognizability, avoiding misunderstandings during explanations due to their similarity. In some preferred embodiments, the second powder box 43 is detachably mounted on the first liquid inlet pipe 42, facilitating timely replacement when the powder in the second powder box 43 is depleted. The second powder box 43 should be located at the end of the first liquid inlet pipe 42 entering the first cavity 11 to prevent the second-color powder in the second powder box 43 from flowing into the liquid storage unit 41 during the simulation. The second powder box 43 is also equipped with a second powder box 43 opening and closing valve to control the on / off state of the second powder box 43. The first liquid outlet pipe 44 is used to export the liquid in the first cavity 11 to the pressure display device 5. Since the first cavity 11 is under negative pressure, the liquid discharge efficiency is low. A liquid control pump 45 is installed on the first liquid outlet pipe 44 to extract the residual liquid in the first cavity 11. A fourth control valve is also provided on the first liquid outlet line 44. The fourth control valve is used to control the opening and closing of the first liquid outlet line 44. The fourth control valve is preferably an on / off valve.

[0089] In this embodiment, the control unit 7 includes a first chip 71, which is mainly used to control the opening and closing of the pneumothorax simulation structure and the hemothorax simulation structure. The other end of the first liquid outlet pipe 44 is connected to the pressure display device 5, which is preferably a water pressure gauge or other device or equipment capable of detecting water pressure changes. The water pressure gauge is suitable for measuring the pressure of gas or liquid media that do not corrode copper alloys under ambient temperature conditions of -40 degrees to 70 degrees. Using a water pressure gauge can simultaneously detect gas pressure changes, adapting to the pressure display scenario under pneumothorax simulation, and can also detect liquid pressure changes, adapting to the pressure display scenario under hemothorax simulation.

[0090] The hemothorax simulation process is as follows: The first chip 71 controls the closure of relevant pipelines in the pneumothorax simulation structure, specifically including the closure of the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening / closing valve of the first powder cartridge 31. Then, it controls the opening of relevant pipelines in the hemothorax simulation structure, specifically including the third control valve, the fourth control valve, and the opening / closing valve of the second powder cartridge 43, maintaining the normal breathing state of the first lung sac model 21. At this time, due to the negative pressure state of the first cavity 11, liquid is drawn from the liquid storage unit 41 into the first cavity 11 through the first liquid inlet pipe 42. Because the opening / closing valve of the second powder cartridge 43 is open, the powder in the second powder cartridge 43 dissolves in the liquid and is carried into the first cavity 11. The liquid control pump 45 is activated, and the liquid control pump 45 draws liquid of the second color from the first cavity 11 and delivers it to the pressure display device 5 through the drainage pipe 12. Observing the pressure display device 5 at this time, it will be found that the pressure value, which should fluctuate under normal breathing mode, has increased and is fluctuating at a value significantly higher than the normal breathing standard value.

[0091] In some embodiments, to prevent the liquids transported by the first vent pipe 13 and the first liquid outlet pipe 44 in the first cavity 11 from mixing, the first vent pipe 13 is located in the upper part of the first cavity 11, and the first liquid outlet pipe 44 is located in the lower part of the first cavity 11. Optionally, the first cavity 11 also has a partition to separate the pneumothorax simulation structure from the hemothorax simulation structure, so as to prevent the liquid in the hemothorax simulation structure from mixing into the pneumothorax simulation structure, affecting the observation of the pneumothorax simulation structure or the hemothorax simulation structure, thereby affecting its applicability.

[0092] In some embodiments, to avoid uneven mixing of the second color powder and the liquid, a liquid powder mixing device can be added to the first liquid inlet pipe 42. Specifically, it can be a blade with a rotating stirring function, etc., to improve the dissolution rate of the second color powder in the liquid, so that the subsequent hemothorax simulation is more realistic.

[0093] In some preferred embodiments, the hemothorax simulation structure and the pneumothorax simulation structure can be activated simultaneously to simulate the hemopneumothorax scenario. At this time, it can be clearly seen that the negative pressure in the first cavity 11 decreases rapidly, and the mixed solution of liquid and gas fills the drainage tube 12. The pressure value in the pressure display device 5 will fluctuate greatly in a short period of time, making the simulation scenario more realistic and thus improving its applicability.

[0094] By setting up a liquid storage unit 41, a first liquid inlet pipe 42, and a second powder box 43, the simulation of human blood is achieved. The color of the liquid in the second powder box 43 is preferably red, making the liquid closer to the color of human blood and improving the simulation effect. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the first liquid outlet pipe 44 and the liquid control pump 45, the scenario simulation of blood entering the first cavity 11 is achieved. The control unit 7 enables the coordinated action of multiple pipes, thus achieving a dynamic demonstration effect in the hemothorax scenario simulation, making it more realistic and improving its applicability.

[0095] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the hemothorax simulation structure also includes a third powder box 47 containing a third color powder. The outlet of the third powder box 47 is connected to the first liquid inlet pipe 42. A third powder box 47 opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the third powder box 47. The second color is different from the third color. The control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the third powder box 47 opening and closing valve.

[0096] The hemothorax simulation structure also includes a third powder box 47, which works in conjunction with the hemothorax simulation structure to simulate an empyema condition. Empyema specifically refers to a purulent infection in which bacteria invade the pleural cavity, producing purulent exudate that accumulates within the pleural cavity. The fluid in empyema is a high-density turbid liquid containing degenerated leukocytes, necrotic tissue debris, and bacteria. Therefore, the third-color powder in the third powder box 47 is preferably white or off-white powder, which is closer to the actual application scenario. The third powder box 47 is arranged adjacent to the second powder box 43, and is closer to the end where the first inlet pipe 42 connects to the first cavity 11. In some preferred embodiments, the third powder box 47 is detachably installed on the first inlet pipe 42, facilitating timely replacement when the powder in the third powder box 47 is depleted. The third powder box 47 is also equipped with a third powder box 47 opening and closing valve, and the control unit 7 is electrically connected to the third powder box 47 opening and closing valve.

[0097] When the empyema simulation state is activated, the first chip 71 controls the opening of the relevant pipelines of the hemothorax simulation structure. However, the valve of the second powder box 43 is closed, and the valve of the third powder box 47 is open. The emulsified liquid formed by the full dissolution of the third color powder in the third powder box 47 and the liquid in the liquid storage unit 41 flows into the first outlet pipeline 44 to the drainage pipe 12, realizing the empyema simulation state. At this time, the pressure value change is observed through the pressure display device 5.

[0098] In some embodiments, to avoid uneven mixing of the third color powder and the liquid, a liquid powder mixing device can be added to the first liquid inlet pipe 42. Specifically, it can be a blade with a rotating stirring function, etc., to improve the dissolution rate of the third color powder in the liquid, so as to make the subsequent empyema simulation more realistic.

[0099] By setting up a liquid storage unit 41, a first liquid inlet pipe 42, and a third powder box 47, a simulation of empyema in the human body is achieved, resulting in a better simulation effect. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the first liquid outlet pipe 44 and the liquid control pump 45, a scenario simulation of pus entering the first cavity 11 is realized. The control unit 7 enables the coordinated action of multiple pipes, thus achieving a dynamic demonstration effect in the empyema scenario simulation, making it more realistic and improving its applicability.

[0100] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first vent pipe 13, the first liquid outlet pipe 44, the drainage pipe 12, and the second vent pipe 213 are connected by a four-way fitting 17. The four-way fitting 17 is also provided with a first one-way valve 15 and a second one-way valve 46. The first one-way valve 15 is located at the connection between the first vent pipe 13 and the drainage pipe 12, and the second one-way valve 46 is located at the connection between the first liquid outlet pipe 44 and the drainage pipe 12.

[0101] A one-way valve is a valve that allows fluid to flow only through the inlet, but prevents backflow of the medium through the outlet; it is commonly known as a check valve or non-return valve. In this embodiment, to prevent the backflow of liquid and / or gas already delivered to the drain pipe 12, a one-way valve is installed at the inlet of the four-way fitting 17. The first one-way valve 15 is installed at the connection between the first gas outlet pipe 13 and the drain pipe 12, and the second one-way valve 46 is installed at the connection between the first liquid outlet pipe 44 and the drain pipe 12. By setting the first one-way valve 15 and the second one-way valve 46, the mixed liquid / gas in the drainage tube 12 can be prevented from flowing into the first venting pipe 13 and the first liquid outlet pipe. Since the second venting pipe 213 needs to achieve the effect of normal breathing, that is, the gas is repeatedly inhaled and exhaled, it does not need to be equipped with a one-way valve. In some preferred embodiments, the second venting pipe 213 should have a height difference with the drainage tube 12. The second venting pipe 213 is set at a higher position to use the gravity of the liquid to prevent the liquid from flowing into the first lung sac model 21.

[0102] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the pressure display device 5 includes a storage bottle 51, a water seal bottle 52, and a pressure regulating bottle 53. The storage bottle 51 is connected to the drainage pipe 12 through a first pipe 54; the water seal bottle 52 is connected to the storage bottle 51 through a second pipe 55, and the water seal bottle 52 contains a first amount of liquid. One end of the second pipe 55 extends below the liquid level in the water seal bottle 52; the pressure regulating bottle 53 is connected to the water seal bottle 52 through a third pipe 56 and is connected to the outside air through a pressure regulating pipe; the pressure regulating bottle 53 contains a second amount of liquid, and one end of the third pipe 56 in the pressure regulating bottle 53 is higher than the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle 53. One end of the pressure regulating pipe in the pressure regulating bottle 53 extends below the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle 53.

[0103] The storage bottle 51 is connected to the drainage tube 12 via the first pipe 54. The storage bottle 51 is mainly used to store liquid or gas flowing from the drainage tube 12. Optionally, the storage bottle 51 can be a wide-mouthed glass bottle; the transparent body facilitates observation of the contents. In the pneumothorax simulation, the storage bottle 51 mainly stores gas of a first color. For ease of explanation, white paper can be attached to the back of the storage bottle 51 or a white flat plate can be placed on it to make the color change of the gas inside the bottle more obvious. In the hemothorax or empyema simulation, the storage bottle 51 is used to store simulated blood or pus.

[0104] The water-sealed bottle 52 is connected to the storage bottle 51 via a second pipe 55, the end of which extends below the liquid level inside the water-sealed bottle 52. The liquid inside the water-sealed bottle 52 can be distilled water or distilled water with a certain color. The water-sealed bottle 52 is preferably a wide-mouthed glass bottle, and the second pipe 55 is preferably a glass tube for easy observation. The first quantity can be determined according to the actual situation. Preferably, the first quantity of water indicates that the liquid level in the water-sealed bottle 52 is located in the lower middle part of the bottle's height.

[0105] In some preferred embodiments, a dark-colored liquid, such as distilled water, is placed in the water-sealed bottle 52. Under normal breathing conditions, the liquid in the water-sealed bottle 52 rises to a certain height at the end of the second pipe 55. With repeated inhalation and exhalation of air through the first air inlet 211 and the first air outlet 212, the liquid level in the second pipe 55 fluctuates. Under pneumothorax simulation conditions, the air pressure within the first cavity 11 causes greater fluctuations in the liquid level in the second pipe 55, making the fluctuations more pronounced. This can even cause the first-colored gas to be expelled from the end of the second pipe 55, turning into bubbles that precipitate from the water-sealed bottle 52.

[0106] In the hemothorax / empyema state, the liquid level in the second pipe 55 within the water-sealed bottle 52 will fluctuate dynamically and gradually decrease due to changes in the gas pressure within the storage bottle 51. Specifically, the presence of simulated blood or pus in the storage bottle 51 occupies space, causing the gas originally in the storage bottle 51 to flow into the water-sealed bottle 52 via the second pipe 55. At this time, the first lung sac model 21 is still in a normal breathing state; that is, after the first pipe 54 discharges the corresponding liquid, the gas continues to inhale and exhale repeatedly. When the liquid in the storage bottle 51 occupies little space, some gas flows into the second pipe 55, causing the liquid level in the second pipe 55 to gradually decrease. Because the first lung sac model 21 is in a normal breathing state, the liquid level also exhibits high and low fluctuations, thus presenting a dynamic fluctuation and gradual decrease in liquid level. When the liquid in the storage bottle 51 occupies a large space, gas pressure will flow from the second pipe 55 into the water-sealed bottle 52 and precipitate as bubbles.

[0107] The pressure regulating bottle 53 is connected to the water seal bottle 52 via a third pipe 56. The pressure regulating bottle 53 contains a second quantity of liquid, the specific amount of which can be determined according to actual needs. Preferably, the second quantity of liquid refers to the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle 53 being in the upper-middle part of the bottle's height. In some preferred embodiments, the pressure regulating bottle 53 is also connected to the external atmosphere via a fourth pipe 57. By adding the pressure regulating bottle 53, excess gas flowing out of the second pipe 55 flows into the pressure regulating bottle 53 through the third pipe 56, avoiding the problem of excessive pressure in the water seal bottle 52 causing the liquid in the water seal bottle 52 to be unable to move or to cause backflow, thus affecting the model demonstration effect. To avoid excessive gas pressure in the pressure regulating bottle 53, which could lead to the risk of breakage, a fourth pipe 57 is added. The pressure regulating bottle 53 contains a certain amount of liquid, and the end of the fourth pipe 57 extends a certain distance below the liquid level, while the other end is connected to the atmosphere. When too much gas is input into the third pipe 56, the gas pressure in the pressure regulating bottle 53 will cause the liquid in the pressure regulating bottle 53 to be discharged through the fourth pipe 57, thereby maintaining the pressure balance in the pressure regulating bottle 53.

[0108] By setting up a storage bottle 51, a water seal bottle 52, and a pressure regulating bottle 53 to demonstrate pressure, the changes in gas, liquid, and respiration under different simulated thoracic cavities become more apparent. The changes in liquid level height are used to more vividly and clearly demonstrate the changes in air pressure within the first lung sac model 21 and the first pleural cavity model, which helps listeners understand this situation during the explanation process, deepens their impression, and thus improves applicability.

[0109] Please see Figure 2In some embodiments, a first pressure sensor 16 is also provided in the cavity of the first lung sac model 21, and the first air outlet pipe 13 is also connected to a gas control pump 14. The gas control pump 14 is used to extract gas from the first cavity 11 to maintain the negative pressure state of the first cavity 11. The control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 16 and the gas control pump 14.

[0110] The first pressure sensor 16 is used to display the pressure changes within the cavity of the first lung sac model 21. The first pressure sensor 16 can be a gas pressure gauge. During the pneumothorax simulation, when it is necessary to know the pressure changes within the cavity of the first lung sac, the pressure display device 5 is affected by the pressure within the first cavity 11 and cannot provide the specific pressure change value within the cavity of the first lung sac. Therefore, it is necessary to add the first pressure sensor 16 to monitor the pressure changes within the cavity of the first lung sac model 21 in real time, so as to facilitate the observation of the pressure changes and the rate of pressure change within the first lung sac model 21 under pneumothorax conditions.

[0111] A gas control pump 14 is also installed on the first air outlet pipe 13. The gas control pump 14 is used to pump out the gas in the first cavity 11. Specifically, in a pneumothorax simulation scenario, air enters the first cavity 11, reducing the negative pressure within it. To maintain this negative pressure, the gas control pump 14 promptly pumps the air from the first cavity 11 into the drainage pipe 12. The pumping mode of the gas control pump 14 can be manually set, specifically to intermittent or continuous pumping. The gas control pump 14 can also control the volume of air pumped per cycle, allowing for adjustments based on actual conditions. By setting up the gas control pump 14, it ensures that the gas in the first cavity 11 is discharged promptly, preventing the negative pressure in the first cavity 11 from continuously decreasing and causing the simulation to deviate excessively from the actual human body, thus affecting the model demonstration effect.

[0112] Please see Figure 4In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model further includes a second pleural cavity model, which has a second cavity 61 simulating a second pleural cavity; a first puncture point 611 is provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity 61, and a first contact sensor and a first indicator unit 614 are provided inside the second cavity 61; or, a second puncture point 612 is provided on the cavity wall of the second cavity 61, and a liquid bag and a second indicator unit are provided inside the second cavity 61, with a second contact sensor also provided on the inner wall of the liquid bag; the control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the first contact sensor and / or the second contact sensor, and the first indicator unit 614 and / or the second indicator unit respectively; when a metal contact is detected to pass through the first puncture point 611 and contact the first contact sensor, the control unit 7 is used to control the first indicator unit 614 to issue a first indicator message; or, when a metal contact is detected to pass through the second puncture point 612 and contact the second contact sensor, the control unit 7 is used to control the second indicator unit to issue a second indicator message and control the liquid in the liquid bag to flow out.

[0113] The primary purpose of closed thoracic drainage is to drain air and fluid from the pleural cavity, used to treat pneumothorax, hemothorax, and empyema. Observing the drainage helps diagnose the cause of pneumothorax, and analyzing the drainage fluid can aid in diagnosing its nature and determining the etiology of the effusion. Therefore, in simulated scenarios involving the pleural cavity, in addition to understanding the conditions of hemothorax, pneumothorax, and empyema, practice of closed thoracic drainage is essential.

[0114] This embodiment provides a second pleural cavity model for practicing thoracentesis in closed thoracic drainage. The second pleural cavity model has a second cavity 61 simulating a second pleural cavity, and a first puncture point 611 is provided on the wall of the second cavity 61. In some preferred embodiments, the first and second pleural cavity models can be integrated into a single respiratory simulation training model. Referring to the shape of the human pleural cavity, the first pleural cavity model can be placed in the left or right chest, and correspondingly, the second pleural cavity model can be placed in the right or left chest. This facilitates the practice of puncture on the second pleural cavity model after simulating pneumothorax, hemothorax, and empyema scenarios on the first pleural cavity model. Therefore, the position of the first puncture point 611 can correspond to the position of the pneumothorax simulation structure. For example, if the pneumothorax simulation structure is mainly located in the upper part of the first pleural cavity, then when practicing pneumothorax puncture, the first puncture point 611 can be placed in the upper part of the second pleural cavity model. This also conforms to the characteristic that gas moves from bottom to top in actual situations.

[0115] A first contact sensing element and a first indicating unit 614 are also provided within the second cavity 61. The first contact sensing element is a contact sensor, mainly used to detect switching quantities. It is of two types: normally closed and normally open. When a metal contact successfully contacts the first contact sensing element through the first puncture point 611, the first contact sensing element will conduct, thereby energizing the first indicating unit 614 and issuing an indication message. The first indicating unit 614 can be an indicator light, an alarm, or other device with indicating functions, used to issue an indication message to indicate that the puncture operation is successful, facilitating the listener's practice of the first puncture point 611 during explanation and the detection of the first puncture point 611 during examination. In some preferred embodiments, the first indicating unit 614 can also be a pressure gauge. When the metal contact is punctured through the first puncture point 611, the value on the pressure gauge will change under the control of the control unit 7, facilitating demonstration and explanation.

[0116] In some embodiments, the control unit 7 includes a second chip 72, which is used to control the state switching on the second pleural cavity. Preferably, a second lung sac model is also provided in the second pleural cavity, and the second lung sac model is symmetrically arranged with the first lung sac model 21, so that the puncture practice on the second pleural cavity model is more realistic and the applicability is improved.

[0117] The second cavity 61 has a second puncture point 612 on its wall. The second cavity 61 contains a fluid bag and a second indicating unit. The second puncture point 612 is mainly used for practicing punctures in hemothorax / empyema conditions. Therefore, the second cavity 61 contains a fluid bag, and a second contact sensor is provided on the inner wall of the fluid bag. Preferably, the second puncture point 612 is symmetrically arranged with the hemothorax simulation structure and is located in the lower part of the second cavity 61. The second contact sensor is a contact sensor, mainly used to detect switching quantities. It is divided into normally closed and normally open types. When the metal contact successfully contacts the second contact sensor after passing through the second puncture point 612, the second contact sensor will conduct, thereby energizing the second indicating unit and issuing an indication message. Simultaneously, the signal from the second contact sensor is transmitted to the second chip 72 of the control unit 7. The second chip 72 controls the outflow of liquid from the fluid bag to match the scenario of draining blood during thoracentesis in actual applications. The second indicating unit can be an indicator light, an alarm, or other device with indicating function, used to issue indicating information to indicate that the puncture operation is qualified, facilitating the listener's practice of the second puncture point 612 during the explanation and the detection of the second puncture point 612 during the examination. In some preferred embodiments, the second indicating unit can also be a second pressure sensor 613. When the metal contact is punctured through the second puncture point 612, the value on the second pressure sensor 613 will change under the control of the control unit 7, facilitating the explanation.

[0118] In this embodiment, the liquid bag includes a first liquid bag and a second liquid bag. The first liquid bag is pre-filled with simulated blood / pus, while the second liquid bag is empty. The second liquid bag is arranged adjacent to the first liquid bag and positioned below it, facilitating the flow of liquid from the first liquid bag to the second liquid bag by gravity. The second liquid bag and the first liquid bag are connected by a fifth pipe, on which a fifth control valve is installed to control the opening and closing of the fifth pipe. When the second contact sensor emits a signal, the second chip 72 controls the fifth control valve to open, allowing liquid from the first liquid bag to flow into the second liquid bag. This simulates the successful drainage of simulated blood from the second pleural cavity model after a puncture at the second puncture point 612, thus improving the model demonstration effect.

[0119] In some preferred embodiments, the second liquid bag can be pre-pressurized to facilitate the flow of liquid from the first liquid bag to the second liquid bag more quickly when the fifth control valve is opened, making the puncture simulation effect more realistic and improving the model demonstration effect.

[0120] By setting up a second pleural cavity model, it is convenient to demonstrate puncture point practice and puncture action practice in scenarios such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, and empyema during the explanation. By pre-specifying the puncture point, the listener's memory of the puncture point when performing closed thoracic drainage on the human pleural cavity is deepened, thus improving applicability.

[0121] Please see Figure 5 This embodiment also provides a control method for a breathing simulation training model, which can be applied to any of the aforementioned breathing simulation training models. The method includes the following steps:

[0122] S1. When the control unit 7 receives the first mode selection signal, the control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31 to all close.

[0123] S2. When the control unit 7 receives the second mode selection signal, the control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31 to all open.

[0124] The first mode selection signal indicates a normal breathing state simulation. At this time, the control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31 to be closed. Only the first air inlet 211 and the first air outlet 212 on the first lung bag model 21 are in a normal breathing state.

[0125] The second mode selection signal indicates a pneumothorax state simulation. At this time, the control unit 7 controls the opening and closing of the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box 31 valve. Gas enters from the first air inlet 211 and flows into the first cavity 11 under the negative pressure adsorption. At this time, the powder in the first powder box 31 mixes with the gas, forming a gas with a first color in the first cavity 11. The gas flows to the drainage tube 12 through the first air outlet pipe 13, thus realizing the pneumothorax state simulation.

[0126] The above control method realizes the pneumothorax simulation state and normal breathing state of the respiratory simulation training model, which makes it easy to switch between the two states during the explanation and improves the applicability of the model.

[0127] In some embodiments, the respiratory simulation training model includes a hemothorax simulation structure, which includes a reservoir unit 41, a first inlet pipe 42, and a second powder box 43. One end of the first inlet pipe 42 is connected to the reservoir unit 41, and the other end is connected to the first cavity 11. A third control valve is also provided on the first inlet pipe 42. The second powder box 43 contains a second color powder, and the outlet of the second powder box 43 is connected to the first inlet pipe 42. A second powder box 43 opening and closing valve is also provided at the outlet of the second powder box 43. A first outlet pipe 44 is provided in the first cavity 11. One end of the first outlet pipe 44 is placed in the first cavity 11, and the other end is connected to the drainage pipe 12. The first outlet pipe 44 is also connected to a liquid control pump 45. A fourth control valve is also provided on the first outlet pipe 44. The control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box 43 opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump 45.

[0128] The control method also includes the following steps:

[0129] S3. When the control unit 7 receives the third mode selection signal, the control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31 to all close.

[0130] S4 controls the opening and closing of the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box 43 opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump 45.

[0131] The third mode selection signal indicates a hemothorax state simulation. The control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first powder box 31 to close, exiting the pneumothorax simulation state. Then, the third control valve, the fourth control valve, and the second powder box 43 to open and close, as well as the liquid control pump 45, so that the liquid in the storage unit 41 is mixed with the second color powder and pumped by the liquid control pump 45 to the pressure display device 5, thus realizing the simulation of the hemothorax state.

[0132] The above control method enables the switching between the hemothorax simulation state and the pneumothorax simulation state in the respiratory simulation training model, which facilitates the explanation of the two states and improves the applicability of the model.

[0133] In some embodiments, the first gas outlet line 13 is also connected to the gas control pump 14, and the control unit 7 is also electrically connected to the gas control pump 14; the control method further includes:

[0134] S5. When the control unit 7 receives the fourth mode selection signal, the control unit 7 controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the gas control pump 14 to open, and controls the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31 to close.

[0135] The gas control pump 14 is used to pump out the gas in the first cavity 11. The fourth mode selection signal indicates the cleaning mode, which includes cleaning the first cavity 11 when the pneumothorax simulation state ends, closing the opening and closing valve of the first powder box 31, and opening the first control valve, the second control valve and the gas control pump 14 to discharge the residual powder in the first cavity 11.

[0136] In some preferred embodiments, the fourth mode selection signal also includes cleaning the first cavity 11 after the hemothorax simulation state. Specifically, the control unit 7 controls the third control valve, the fourth control valve and the liquid control pump 45 to open, and the second powder box 43 opening and closing valve and the third powder box 47 opening and closing valve to drain the colored liquid remaining in the first cavity 11.

[0137] The above embodiment, by setting up a first pleural cavity model, a first lung sac model 21, a pneumothorax simulation structure, and a pressure display device 5, realistically demonstrates the relationship between the lung sac and the pleural cavity sac in the human body. Furthermore, the pleural cavity sac is constantly under negative pressure, which better reflects human physiological characteristics. The control unit 7 controls the opening and closing of corresponding devices in different states of the respiratory simulation training model, and the pressure display device 5 demonstrates the normal state of air pressure within the lung sac. Simultaneously, a colored powder box is placed within the pneumothorax simulation structure. When gas leaks from the first lung sac model 21 into the first pleural cavity sac, it is clearly visible that the powder in the box mixes with the gas, forming colored gas that emerges from the drainage tube 12. This demonstrates the flow of gas within the first lung sac model 21 and the pressure changes in the first pleural cavity model during pneumothorax, making the demonstration more intuitive and realistic, improving the model's demonstration effect, and enhancing its applicability.

[0138] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A respiratory simulation training model, characterized in that, The application relates to a pneumothorax simulation structure. The pneumothorax simulation structure comprises a first pleural cavity model, a first lung capsule model, a pressure display device and a control unit. The first pleural cavity model has a first cavity simulating a first thoracic cavity, and the first cavity is in a negative pressure state. A drainage tube is arranged on a cavity wall of the first cavity and communicates between the inside and outside of the first cavity. A first air outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity, one end of the first air outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity, and the other end of the first air outlet pipeline is connected to the drainage tube. A first control valve is arranged on the first air outlet pipeline. The first lung capsule model is arranged in the first cavity of the first pleural cavity model. A first air inlet and a first air outlet are arranged on a capsule wall of the first lung capsule model. The first air inlet communicates with a first air inlet pipeline. The first air outlet communicates with the drainage tube through a second air outlet pipeline. A second control valve is arranged on the third air outlet pipeline.

2. The respiratory simulation training model of claim 1, wherein, A first powder box is arranged, and the first powder box contains first color powder. An outlet of the first powder box communicates with the third air outlet pipeline. The first powder box outlet is further provided with a first powder box opening and closing valve. The pressure display device communicates with the drainage tube and displays pressure changes in the capsule cavity of the first lung capsule model and / or pressure changes in the first cavity.

3. The respiratory simulation training model of claim 2, wherein, The control unit is electrically connected with the first control valve, the second control valve and the first powder box opening and closing valve. The pressure display device comprises a liquid storage bottle, a water seal bottle, a pressure regulating bottle and a pressure regulating pipe. One end of a first pipeline communicates with the drainage tube. The second end of the first pipeline is arranged below the liquid level in the water seal bottle. The third end of the first pipeline is arranged above the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle. The second end of the second pipeline is arranged below the liquid level in the pressure regulating bottle. The blood chest simulation structure comprises a liquid storage unit, a first liquid inlet pipeline and a second powder box. One end of the first liquid inlet pipeline communicates with the liquid storage unit, and the other end of the first liquid inlet pipeline communicates with the first cavity. A third control valve is arranged on the first liquid inlet pipeline. The second powder box contains second color powder. An outlet of the second powder box communicates with the first liquid inlet pipeline. The second powder box outlet is further provided with a second powder box opening and closing valve. A first liquid outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity. One end of the first liquid outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity, and the other end of the first liquid outlet pipeline is connected to the drainage tube. The first liquid outlet pipeline further communicates with a liquid control pump. A fourth control valve is arranged on the first liquid outlet pipeline. The control unit is further electrically connected with the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box opening and closing valve and the liquid control pump. The blood chest simulation structure further comprises a third powder box. The third powder box contains third color powder. An outlet of the third powder box communicates with the first liquid inlet pipeline. The third powder box outlet is further provided with a third powder box opening and closing valve. The second color is different from the third color. The control unit is also electrically connected with the third powder box opening and closing valve.

4. The respiratory simulation training model of claim 2, wherein, The first gas outlet pipeline, the first liquid outlet pipeline and the drainage tube are communicated through a four-way pipe, and the four-way pipe is further provided with a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve. The first one-way valve is arranged at the connection position of the first gas outlet pipeline and the drainage tube, and the second one-way valve is arranged at the connection position of the first liquid outlet pipeline and the drainage tube.

5. The respiratory simulation training model of claim 1, wherein, The first pressure sensor is further arranged in the cavity of the first lung capsule, the first gas outlet pipeline is further communicated with a gas control pump, the gas control pump is used for pumping out the gas in the first cavity to maintain the negative pressure state of the first cavity, and the control unit is further electrically connected with the first pressure sensor and the gas control pump.

6. The respiratory simulation training model of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising: A second pleural cavity model having a second cavity simulating a second thoracic cavity; A first puncture point is arranged on the cavity wall of the second cavity, and a first touch point sensing sheet and a first indication unit are arranged in the second cavity; or, a second puncture point is arranged on the cavity wall of the second cavity, and a liquid bag and a second indication unit are arranged in the second cavity, and a second touch point sensing sheet is further arranged on the inner wall of the liquid bag; The control unit is further electrically connected with the first touch point sensing sheet and / or the second touch point sensing sheet, the first indication unit and / or the second indication unit; When it is detected that the metal contact passes through the first puncture point and contacts the first touch point sensing sheet, the control unit is used for controlling the first indication unit to issue first indication information; or, when it is detected that the metal contact passes through the second puncture point and contacts the second touch point sensing sheet, the control unit is used for controlling the second indication unit to issue second indication information and controlling the liquid in the liquid bag to flow out.

7. A control method of the respiratory simulation training model according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the following steps: When the control unit receives a first mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve and the first powder box opening and closing valve to be closed; When the control unit receives a second mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve and the first powder box opening and closing valve to be opened.

8. The control method of the respiratory simulation training model according to claim 7, wherein the respiratory simulation training model comprises: A hemothorax simulation structure comprising a liquid storage unit, a first liquid inlet pipeline and a second powder box. One end of the first liquid inlet pipeline is communicated with the liquid storage unit, and the other end is communicated with the first cavity. A third control valve is further arranged on the first liquid inlet pipeline. The second powder box contains second color powder. The outlet of the second powder box is communicated with the first liquid inlet pipeline, and a second powder box opening and closing valve is further arranged at the outlet of the second powder box. A first liquid outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity. One end of the first liquid outlet pipeline is arranged in the first cavity, and the other end is connected to the drainage tube. The first liquid outlet pipeline is further communicated with a liquid control pump. A fourth control valve is further arranged on the first liquid outlet pipeline. The control unit is further electrically connected with the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second powder box opening and closing valve and the liquid control pump. ​ The method further comprises: When the control unit receives a third mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the first cartridge opening and closing valve to be closed, and controls the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the second cartridge opening and closing valve, and the liquid control pump to be opened. 9.The control method of the respiratory simulation training model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first gas outlet pipeline is further communicated with a gas control pump, and the control unit is further electrically connected with the gas control pump; The method further comprises: When the control unit receives a fourth mode selection signal, the control unit controls the first control valve, the second control valve, and the gas control pump to be opened, and controls the first cartridge opening and closing valve to be closed.

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