Anti-icing electric heating film

Abstract

The present invention relates to an anti-icing electric heating film, particularly in the field of aircraft anti-icing. The film comprises a plurality of basic units arranged in an array; each basic unit comprises a heating layer, a dielectric base layer, and a plurality of conductive units; the heating layer is a circular ring or a regular polygonal ring; the dielectric base layer is a circle or a regular polygon; the heating layer and the dielectric base layer have corresponding shapes and their centers coincide; the heating layer is disposed on one side of the dielectric base layer, and the conductive units are disposed on the other side of the dielectric base layer; and each conductive unit is connected to the heating layer. The present invention can simultaneously achieve anti-icing and aircraft stealth effects.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 22, 2022, with application number 202210711947.8 and invention name “A Kind of Anti-Icing Electric Heating Film”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of aircraft anti-icing and de-icing, in particular to an anti-icing and de-icing electric heating film. Background Art

[0003] The next generation of aircraft must combine low observability (stealth) with anti-icing capabilities. Stealth aircraft require an extremely low radar cross-section (RCS) to evade radar detection, requiring impedance-matched, high-electrical-loss, or high-magnetic-loss absorbing materials or structures on the aircraft's surface to absorb the electromagnetic waves being detected. Icing is the phenomenon of accumulated water condensing into a layer of ice on the aircraft's fuselage during flight. Icing can occur on aircraft surfaces such as wings, tail fins, engine inlet leading edges, windshields, and instrument sensor heads, often causing flight accidents. Therefore, an aircraft's anti-icing capability has become a crucial metric for measuring its all-weather performance.

[0004] Traditional de-icing methods require frequent maintenance, and the presence of antifreeze on surfaces can affect the radar absorption of the aircraft's stealth honeycomb structure. Hot air de-icing methods operate at temperatures as high as 200-300°C, and the absorbing coating and absorber structure, which are mostly made of composite materials, cannot withstand such high temperatures. Electric heating methods use a metal wire heating film, but the strong reflection of electromagnetic waves significantly affects the stealth effect. Passive de-icing methods based on super-hydrophobicity are not suitable for high-speed flight conditions and often lack a water-repellent effect. Therefore, current de-icing methods are ineffective on stealth aircraft. Therefore, a method that can achieve both stealth and de-icing is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-icing electric heating film to achieve the effects of anti-icing and aircraft stealth at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] An anti-icing electric heating film comprises: a plurality of basic units arranged in an array; each of the basic units comprises a heating layer, a dielectric base layer and a plurality of conductive units;

[0008] The heating layer is a circular ring or a regular polygonal ring; the dielectric base layer is a circle or a regular polygon; the heating layer corresponds to the shape of the dielectric base layer and the center coincides with that of the dielectric base layer; the heating layer is arranged on one side of the dielectric base layer, and the conductive unit is arranged on the other side of the dielectric base layer; each of the conductive units is connected to the heating layer.

[0009] Optionally, the conductive unit includes a metal electrode and a wire connected to the metal electrode; the metal electrode is connected to the heating layer; the material of the metal electrode is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer; the material of the wire is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer.

[0010] Optionally, the number of the conductive units is an even number.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of holes are provided on the dielectric base layer; the conductive unit is connected to the heating layer through the holes; and the number of the holes is the same as the number of the conductive units.

[0012] Optionally, when the heating layer is a square ring and the dielectric base layer is a regular polygon, the holes are provided at the dielectric base layer corresponding to the vertex angles of the heating layer.

[0013] Optionally, the two conductive units on one diagonal line of the heating layer are current input units; and the two conductive units on another diagonal line of the heating layer are current output units.

[0014] Optionally, the heating layer is a carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film or a metal film.

[0015] Optionally, the types of the matrix of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm include silicone rubber, epoxy resin, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and polyurethane; the types of fillers of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm include graphene, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, nano-graphite powder, nano-metal powder and nano-metal wire; the solvent of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm includes water, ethanol, toluene, xylene and acetone.

[0016] Optionally, the material of the dielectric base layer is one or more of epoxy resin, glass, wood, glass fiber cloth, silicone rubber, polyurethane, indium tin oxide, polyimide or polymethyl methacrylate.

[0017] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] The present invention comprises: multiple basic units arranged in an array; each basic unit comprises a heating layer, a dielectric base layer, and multiple conductive units; the heating layer is a circular ring or a regular polygonal ring; the dielectric base layer is a circle or a regular polygon; the heating layer and the dielectric base layer have corresponding shapes and their centers coincide; the heating layer is disposed on one side of the dielectric base layer, and the conductive units are disposed on the other side of the dielectric base layer; and each conductive unit is connected to the heating layer. Multiple basic units are used to heat the entire heating film separately, achieving both anti-icing and aircraft stealth effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the basic unit structure of the anti-icing electric heating film provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A front view of a basic unit of the anti-icing electric heating film provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a back view of the basic unit of the anti-icing electric heating film provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the anti-icing electric heating film structure provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a heating diagram of the anti-icing electric heating film provided by the present invention under an applied voltage of 10V;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a reflectivity diagram of the anti-icing electric heating film provided by the present invention under normal incidence of 2-18 GHz electromagnetic waves.

[0026] Explanation of symbols:

[0027] 1-heating layer, 2-dielectric base layer, 3-metal electrode, 4-wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-icing electric heating film to achieve the effects of anti-icing and aircraft stealth at the same time.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides an anti-icing electric heating film, comprising: a plurality of basic units arranged in an array; each of the basic units comprises a heating layer 1, a dielectric base layer 2 and a plurality of conductive units.

[0032] The heating layer 1 is a ring or a regular polygon; the dielectric base layer 2 is a circle or a regular polygon; the shapes of the heating layer 1 and the dielectric base layer 2 correspond and their centers coincide; for example, when the heating layer 1 is a ring, the dielectric base layer 2 is a circle. The heating layer 1 is arranged on one side of the dielectric base layer 2, and the conductive units are arranged on the other side of the dielectric base layer 2; each conductive unit is connected to the heating layer 1. This effect can be achieved by replacing the square heating layer 1 with a ring or a regular polygon, and similar effects can be achieved by modifying the design parameters. The heating layer is a carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film or a metal film.

[0033] As an optional embodiment, the conductive unit includes a metal electrode 3 and a wire 4 connected to the metal electrode 3; the metal electrode 3 is connected to the heating layer 1; the material of the metal electrode 3 is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer; the material of the wire 4 is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer.

[0034] As an optional implementation manner, the number of the conductive units is an even number.

[0035] As an optional implementation manner, a plurality of holes are provided on the dielectric base layer 2; the conductive units are connected to the heating layer 1 through the holes; and the number of the holes is the same as the number of the conductive units.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, when the heating layer 1 is a square ring and the dielectric base layer 2 is a regular polygon, the holes are arranged at the dielectric base layer 2 corresponding to the top corners of the heating layer 1. The heating layer 1 is in the outermost layer, with a thickness of h1. The shape is a large square minus a small square. The centers of the two squares coincide with each other, and the side lengths are a1 and a2 respectively. The heating layer 1 plays the main heating role. The dielectric base layer 2 is closely attached to the bottom of the heating layer 1. The layer is made of a thin film with a thickness of h2. The shape is also a square. The center coincides with the center of the square heating layer 1, and the side length is b. This layer mainly plays the role of supporting the overall heating film. At the same time, because its material is a dielectric material, it has the effect of wave transmission and dielectric matching. The position of the metal wire can be replaced, and the number of metal wires can be changed from the original four to any even number.

[0037] As an optional embodiment, when the heating layer 1 is a square ring and the dielectric base layer 2 is a regular polygon, the two conductive units on one diagonal of the heating layer 1 are current input units; the two conductive units on the other diagonal of the heating layer 1 are current output units. On the back of the four corners of the heating layer 1, there are four square metal electrodes 3 with a side length of t = (a2-a1), and the thickness of the metal electrode 3 is h3. The dielectric base layer 2 at this location is pierced (that is, there is no dielectric base between the heating layer 1 and the metal electrode 3 at the corner), so that the heating layer 1 is directly connected to the metal electrode 3. The metal electrode 3 serves to connect the wire 4 and the heating film, facilitating current transmission. Behind the four metal electrodes 3 are four cylindrical metal wires. The center of the cylinder coincides with the center of the four square metal electrodes 3 respectively. The radius of the center is r and the length of the cylinder is l. The two diagonal wires are input currents, and the other two diagonal wires are output currents. The four metal wires serve to transmit current.

[0038] As an optional embodiment, the heating layer 1 is a carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film or a metal film. The matrix of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm includes silicone rubber, epoxy resin, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, and polyurethane; the filler of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm includes graphene, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, nanographite powder, nanometal powder, and nanometal wire; and the solvent of the carbon-based conductive nanofilm includes water, ethanol, toluene, xylene, and acetone.

[0039] As an optional implementation manner, the material of the dielectric base layer 2 is one or more of epoxy resin, glass, wood, glass fiber cloth, silicone rubber, polyurethane, indium tin oxide, polyimide or polymethyl methacrylate.

[0040] The working principle of the present invention is to cut the original continuous integral heating film with high reflectivity, introduce capacitance and inductance effects to the entire system, so that the heating film exhibits a resonance effect, and can partially absorb and partially transmit in the corresponding band. For details, please refer to the principle of frequency selective surface design.

[0041] The present invention also provides a specific example of an anti-icing electric heating film in practical application: the heating layer used is a carbon nanotube-polymer-based high-efficiency electrothermal anti-icing film, the dielectric base layer uses a PI film, the metal electrode is a Cu electrode, the metal wire is Cu, and the parameters are a1=7mm, a2=5mm, b=10mm, h1=0.1mm, h2=0.1mm, h3=0.1mm, l=3mm, and r=0.5mm. The carbon nanotube-based polymer is sprayed evenly on the PI film using a spraying technique, and a laser engraving machine is used to carve out the unwanted part of the carbon nanotube-based polymer sprayed on the PI film, leaving the designed shape, and affix the corresponding metal Cu electrodes to the bottom of the PI, and weld the metal Cu wires to each corresponding electrode. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, Figure 5 and Figure 6 The result under this parameter is shown in Figure 2. The heating layer can be a carbon-based polymer, metal, etc. The dielectric substrate can be a dielectric film such as indium tin oxide (ITO), polyimide (PI), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The metal electrode can be Cu, Ag, metal nanowires, etc. The metal wire can be Cu, Ag, metal nanowires, etc.

[0042] This invention divides the heating film into sections, introducing a capacitive effect between the heating films. This creates an inductive effect and a resonance effect, transforming the originally highly reflective heating layer into a low-reflective one. The segmented arrangement of electrodes and wires, with the wires directed inward, eliminates the high reflection problem associated with traditional surface-mounted electrodes and wires.

[0043] This invention achieves both anti-icing and stealth through a three-dimensional surface heating structure design, effectively resolving the previous incompatibility between heating anti-icing and stealth, and resolving the problem of radar tracking and the incompatibility of aircraft anti-icing heating films with stealth. Furthermore, the invention offers advantages such as low overall thickness, low density, wide frequency bandwidth, and high strength. Its preparation method is simple, easy to operate, and low cost.

[0044] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0045] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are intended only to help understand the membrane structure and core concepts of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations in the specific implementation methods and scope of application are possible based on the principles of the present invention. In summary, this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-icing electric heating film, characterized in that: include: A plurality of basic units arranged in an array; each of the basic units comprises a heating layer, a dielectric base layer and a plurality of conductive units; The heating layer is a square ring; the dielectric base layer is a square; the shapes of the heating layer and the dielectric base layer correspond to each other and their centers coincide; the heating layer is arranged on one side of the dielectric base layer, and the conductive unit is arranged on the other side of the dielectric base layer; each conductive unit is connected to the heating layer; the conductive unit includes a metal electrode and a wire connected to the metal electrode; the metal electrode is connected to the heating layer; the two conductive units on one diagonal line of the heating layer are current input units; the two conductive units on the other diagonal line of the heating layer are current output units; the heating layers of each basic unit are separated from each other and do not overlap; On the back of the four corners of the heating layer, there are four square metal electrodes. The dielectric base layer there is penetrated, so that the heating layer is directly connected to the metal electrodes. The metal electrodes serve to connect the wires and the heating film.

2. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the metal electrode is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer; the material of the wire is one or more of metal material, conductive silver paste, carbon fiber and conductive polymer.

3. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the conductive units is an even number.

4. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric base layer is provided with a plurality of holes; the conductive unit is connected to the heating layer through the holes; and the number of the holes is the same as the number of the conductive units.

5. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the heating layer is a square ring and the dielectric base layer is a regular polygon, the holes are arranged at the dielectric base layer corresponding to the vertex angles of the heating layer.

6. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating layer is a carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film or a metal film.

7. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 6, characterized in that: The types of matrix of the carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film include silicone rubber, epoxy resin, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer and polyurethane; the types of fillers of the carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film include graphene, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, nanographite powder, nanometal powder and nanometal wire; the solvents of the carbon-based conductive nanomaterial film include water, ethanol, toluene, xylene and acetone.

8. The anti-icing electric heating film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the dielectric base layer is one or more of epoxy resin, glass, wood, glass fiber cloth, silicone rubber, polyurethane, indium tin oxide, polyimide or polymethyl methacrylate.

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