A multi-functional air intake duct

Abstract

The present application provides a multi-functional air intake passage. The multi-functional air intake passage includes a multi-functional air intake passage 1 and an adjustable baffle 2. The multi-functional air intake passage 1 includes an air intake passage 101, a mainstream passage 102, a sand discharge passage 103, an air intake passage housing 104, and a partition 105. The adjustable baffle 2 includes an outflow port 201, a support and control mechanism 202, and a support and control mechanism 202. Among them: The air intake passage housing 104 is a cavity structure with openings at both ends. The partition 105 is arranged horizontally at a position near the upper end face of the outlet end of the air intake passage housing 104. The inlet end in the air intake passage housing 104 is the air intake passage 101. The sand discharge passage 103 is between the upper end face of the outlet end in the air intake passage housing 104 and the partition 105. The mainstream passage 102 is between the lower end face of the outlet end in the air intake passage housing 104 and the partition 105.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-functional air intake, and particularly to an anti-sand and anti-icing air intake structure in the field of helicopters that can meet the needs of different flight states. Background Art

[0002] As an important aerial platform, a helicopter often hovers, takes off, and lands near the ground. Affected by the downwash, foreign objects such as sand, dust, rain, and snow in the environment during the takeoff and landing phases can easily enter the engine through the air intake, posing a great threat to the safe operation of the engine. This includes wear of engine blades and heat-resistant enamel coatings in the combustion chamber, damage to the rotor balance of rotating components, and blockage of blade cooling channels. In severe cases, it may even cause the engine to stop, endangering the flight safety of the helicopter. Therefore, to ensure the flight safety and performance of the helicopter, existing helicopters are generally equipped with anti-sand devices.

[0003] The main anti-sand devices for helicopter air intakes are obstructive air intake filters and inertial separation anti-sand devices. Obstructive filters are mostly made of foam plastics and various fiber woven fabrics as filtering media. This type of filter has a simple structure, low initial investment, and high filtration efficiency, but it is easily affected by rain and snow weather and is easily blocked by sand, dust, rain, and snow, resulting in a short service life. And it requires frequent replacement of the filter, increasing the manual maintenance work. Inertial separation anti-sand devices are divided into integral particle separators and multi-tube particle separators, both of which utilize inertial centrifugal force to make the air rotate through an internal vortex structure. Particles in the air such as sand, dust, water droplets, ice cubes, etc. are thrown towards the pipe wall by the action of centrifugal force, and then are collected by the corresponding sand discharge pipes and discharged from the aircraft body, while the clean air is introduced into the engine air intake. This type of separator does not require manual replacement and has a long service life.

[0004] The anti-sand device is only enabled during the takeoff and landing phases of the helicopter, and the sand and dust are removed at the cost of increasing the intake air pressure loss. During the flight phase, since it is out of the sand and dust environment, the anti-sand device needs to be "turned off", and certain means are taken to reduce the intake air pressure loss. Currently, it is mainly achieved by adding a bypass section to allow air to directly enter the engine through the bypass. However, the bypass increases the complexity of the anti-sand device, and to meet the anti-icing requirements, the configuration of the bypass and the anti-icing method also increase the overall design difficulty of the air intake. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a multi-functional air intake, which is convenient for maintenance and has great application potential in terms of anti-sand and anti-icing of the air intake.

[0006] Technical solution: A multi-functional air inlet, the multi-functional air inlet includes a multi-functional air inlet 1 and an adjustable baffle 2. The multi-functional air inlet 1 includes an air intake passage 101, a main flow passage 102, a sand discharge passage 103, an air inlet housing 104, and a partition 105. The adjustable baffle 2 includes an outflow port 201 and a support and control mechanism 202. Among them:

[0007] The air inlet housing 104 is a cavity structure with openings at both ends. The partition 105 is arranged horizontally at a position near the upper end surface of the outlet end of the air inlet housing 104. The inlet end inside the air inlet housing 104 is the air intake passage 101. The upper end surface of the outlet end inside the air inlet housing 104 and the partition 105 form the sand discharge passage 103. The lower end surface of the outlet end inside the air inlet housing 104 and the partition 105 form the main flow passage 102;

[0008] The adjustable baffle 2 is arranged between the inlet end of the air inlet housing 104 and the partition 105; the adjustable baffles 2 are arranged obliquely and divide the air intake passage 101 into the main flow passage 102 and the sand discharge passage 103; the outflow port 201 is in the shape of a long slit and is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle 2 facing the main flow passage, so as to avoid sand and dust entering the inside of the adjustable baffle 2 through the outflow port 201 during the takeoff and landing stage; the support and control mechanism 202 is a hollow ring structure, and the support and control mechanism 202 is fixedly connected to the side wall end of the adjustable baffle. On the one hand, it fixes the adjustable baffle on the air inlet housing, and on the other hand, it restricts the adjustable baffle to rotate within a certain range; the side wall of the air inlet housing is a hollow sandwich structure for circulating the compressor bleed air of the engine; the adjustable baffle 2 is fixed on the air inlet housing 104 through the support and control mechanism 202 and is connected to the compressor bleed port of the engine through the support and control mechanism 202; high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the inside of the adjustable baffle through the support and control mechanism 202, heating the surface of the adjustable baffle and flowing out from the outflow port 201; the outflow port 201 is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle facing the main flow passage.

[0009] Further, the obliquely arranged adjustable baffles 2 are arranged at an angle β with the oncoming flow direction in the air intake passage 101, and β is from 10° to 15°.

[0010] Further, the baffle itself forms an angle α with the oncoming flow direction. When the sand and dust concentration in the environment is greater than the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of α is: 45° - 60°; when the sand and dust concentration in the environment is less than or equal to the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of α is: 60° - 80°.

[0011] Further, the number of the adjustable baffles is 10 to 20.

[0012] Further, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main flow passage to the sand discharge passage is 10:1.

[0013] Further, the length of the partition plate 105 is 1 to 2 times the width of the adjustable baffle.

[0014] Further, the distance between the adjustable baffles is a preset overlapping amount, and the preset overlapping amount is 1 / 5 of the width of the adjustable baffle.

[0015] In summary, the present application provides a multi-functional air intake. The adjustable baffles arranged obliquely divide the air intake into a main flow channel and an air intake channel. During the takeoff and landing stages, by controlling the tilt angle of the adjustable baffles, the sand removal requirements within a certain range are met. During the flight stage, by controlling the adjustable baffles to be consistent with the oncoming flow direction, the intake pressure loss is reduced to meet the flight performance requirements. When encountering an icing environment, high-temperature gas is introduced through the engine and discharged from the outflow ports of the adjustable baffles to meet the anti-icing requirements of the intake system. The overall structure of the present invention is simple and convenient to maintain, and has great application potential in the aspects of sand and ice prevention of the air intake. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-functional air intake provided by the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an adjustable baffle provided by the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working state of a multi-functional air intake during takeoff and landing stages (top view) provided by the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of a multi-functional air intake during flight stages (top view) provided by the present application;

[0020] Wherein: 1 - multi-functional air intake, 101 - air intake channel, 102 - main flow channel, 103 - sand discharge channel, 104 - air intake housing, 105 - partition plate, 2 - adjustable baffle, 201 - outflow port, 202 - support and control mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] As Figure 1-2 shown, it is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The present application provides a multi-functional air intake. The multi-functional air intake includes a multi-functional air intake 1 and an adjustable baffle 2. The multi-functional air intake 1 includes an air intake channel 101, a main flow channel 102, a sand discharge channel 103, an air intake housing 104, and a partition plate 105. The adjustable baffle 2 includes an outflow port 201 and a support and control mechanism 202, wherein:

[0022] The air intake duct housing 104 is a cavity structure with openings at both ends. The partition plate 105 is arranged horizontally at a position near the upper end face of the outlet end of the air intake duct housing 104. The inlet end in the air intake duct housing 104 is the air intake passage 101. The upper end face of the outlet end in the air intake duct housing 104 and the partition plate 105 form a sand discharge passage 103, and the lower end face of the outlet end in the air intake duct housing 104 and the partition plate 105 form a mainstream passage 102.

[0023] The adjustable baffle 2 is arranged between the inlet end of the air intake duct housing 104 and the partition plate 105. The adjustable baffles 2 are arranged obliquely and divide the air intake passage 101 into a mainstream passage 102 and a sand discharge passage 103. The outflow port 201 is in the shape of a long slit and is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle 2 facing the mainstream passage, so as to prevent sand and dust from entering the interior of the adjustable baffle 2 through the outflow port 201 during the takeoff and landing stages. The support and control mechanism 202 is a hollow ring structure. The support and control mechanism 202 is fixedly connected to the side wall end of the adjustable baffle. On the one hand, it fixes the adjustable baffle on the air intake duct housing, and on the other hand, it limits the rotation of the adjustable baffle within a certain range. The side wall of the air intake duct housing is a hollow sandwich structure for circulating the compressor bleed air of the engine. The adjustable baffle 2 is fixed on the air intake duct housing 104 through the support and control mechanism 202 and is connected to the compressor bleed port of the engine through the support and control mechanism 202. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the interior of the adjustable baffle through the support and control mechanism 202, heating the surface of the adjustable baffle and flowing out from the outflow port 201. The outflow port 201 is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle facing the mainstream passage.

[0024] Preferably, the obliquely arranged adjustable baffles 2 are arranged at an angle β with the oncoming flow direction in the air intake passage 101, and β is 10° to 15°.

[0025] It should be noted that the setting of the β angle can reduce the air intake pressure loss and ensure the separation efficiency.

[0026] Preferably, when the sand and dust concentration in the environment is greater than the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of the angle α between the baffle itself and the oncoming flow direction is: 45° - 60°.

[0027] Preferably, when the sand and dust concentration in the environment is less than or equal to the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of the angle α between the baffle itself and the oncoming flow direction is: 60° - 80°.

[0028] In practical applications, the α angle is automatically or manually controlled according to the flight situation. For example, according to the flight mission scenario, when in an environment with a high sand and dust concentration, the α angle value is reduced (45° - 60°) to increase the rebound effect of sand and dust as much as possible, so that more sand and dust enter the sand discharge passage and enhance the sand prevention effect. When in an environment with a low sand and dust concentration, the α angle value is increased (60° - 80°) to reduce the air intake pressure loss of the adjustable baffle to the mainstream passage.

[0029] Preferably, the number of the adjustable baffles is 10 to 20.

[0030] Preferably, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main flow channel to the sand discharge channel is 10:1.

[0031] It should be noted that the setting of the cross-sectional area ratio of the main flow channel to the sand discharge channel can ensure the sand and dust separation effect.

[0032] Preferably, the length of the partition plate 105 is 1 to 2 times the width of the adjustable baffle.

[0033] Preferably, the distance between the adjustable baffles is a preset overlap amount, and the preset overlap amount is 1 / 5 of the width of the adjustable baffle.

[0034] Figure 3 The working principle diagram of the helicopter during the takeoff and landing stage is shown. After the sand-containing air enters the intake channel, by using the inclined adjustable baffles, the sand and dust are transported to the sand discharge channel under the action of collision and rebound on the wall surface of the adjustable baffles. The clean air bypasses the baffle and enters the main flow channel under the suction of the engine. During takeoff and landing, the pilot manually controls the inclination angle α of the adjustable baffle according to the actual sand and dust environment, or can also be automatically controlled in combination with detection equipment. When the sand and dust concentration is relatively high, the angle value of α is reduced to obtain a better separation effect.

[0035] Figure 4 The working principle diagram of the helicopter during the flight stage is shown. During flight, since it is out of the sand and dust environment, at this time, the adjustable baffle is adjusted to the horizontal position to reduce the intake air pressure loss. When encountering an icing environment, the baffle wall surface is heated by the engine bleed air, and then the high-temperature gas flows out from the outlet to increase the intake air temperature and prevent ice accumulation on the adjustable baffle.

[0036] In summary, the present application provides a multifunctional intake duct. Compared with the traditional intake sand prevention device, the present invention uses inclined adjustable baffles, enabling the intake duct to have the capabilities of both sand prevention and ice prevention, and meeting the different requirements of the takeoff and landing stages and the flight stage through the direction control of the adjustable baffles. The overall structure is simple and easy to maintain, and it has great application potential in the aspect of intake duct sand prevention and ice prevention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional air intake passage, characterized in that, The multifunctional air intake duct shown includes a multifunctional air intake duct (1) and an adjustable baffle (2). The multifunctional air intake duct (1) includes an air intake passage (101), a main flow passage (102), a sand discharge passage (103), an air intake duct housing (104), and a partition plate (105). The adjustable baffle (2) includes an outflow port (201) and a support and control mechanism (202). Among them: The air intake duct housing (104) is a cavity structure with openings at both ends. The partition plate (105) is arranged horizontally at a position near the upper end face of the outlet end of the air intake duct housing (104). The inlet end inside the air intake duct housing (104) is the air intake passage (101). The upper end face of the outlet end inside the air intake duct housing (104) and the partition plate (105) form the sand discharge passage (103). The lower end face of the outlet end inside the air intake duct housing (104) and the partition plate (105) form the main flow passage (102); The adjustable baffle (2) is arranged between the inlet end of the air intake duct housing (104) and the partition plate (105). The adjustable baffle (2) is arranged obliquely and divides the air intake passage (101) into a main flow passage (102) and a sand discharge passage (103). The outflow port (201) is in the shape of a long slit and is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle (2) facing the main flow passage, so as to prevent sand and dust from entering the inside of the adjustable baffle (2) through the outflow port (201) during the takeoff and landing stages. The support and control mechanism (202) is a hollow annular structure. The support and control mechanism (202) is fixedly connected to the side wall end of the adjustable baffle. On the one hand, it fixes the adjustable baffle on the air intake duct housing, and on the other hand, it limits the rotation of the adjustable baffle within a certain range. The side wall of the air intake duct housing is a hollow sandwich structure for circulating the compressor bleed air of the engine. The adjustable baffle (2) is fixed on the air intake duct housing (104) through the support and control mechanism (202) and is connected to the compressor bleed port of the engine through the support and control mechanism (202). High-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the inside of the adjustable baffle through the support and control mechanism (202), heats the surface of the adjustable baffle and flows out from the outflow port (201). The outflow port (201) is arranged on the side of the adjustable baffle facing the main flow passage.

2. The multi-functional air intake duct according to claim 1, wherein The obliquely arranged adjustable baffle (2) is arranged at an angle β with the incoming flow direction in the air intake passage (101), and β is 10° to 15°.

3. The multi-functional air intake duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sand and dust concentration in the environment is greater than the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of the angle α between the adjustable baffle (2) and the incoming flow direction is: 45° - 60°.

4. The multi-functional air intake duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sand and dust concentration in the environment is less than or equal to the preset sand and dust concentration, the angle range of the angle α between the adjustable baffle (2) and the incoming flow direction is: 60° - 80°.

5. The multifunctional air inlet according to claim 1, characterized in that The adjustable baffle (2) includes N baffles, and the number of N is 10 to 20.

6. The multifunctional air intake duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area ratio of the main flow passage to the sand discharge passage is 10:

1.

7. The multifunctional air intake duct according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the partition plate (105) is 1 to 2 times the width of the adjustable baffle.

8. The multifunctional air intake duct according to claim 1, wherein, The distance between adjacent two baffles of the adjustable baffle (2) is a preset overlap amount, and the preset overlap amount is 1 / 5 of the width of the adjustable baffle.

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