A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel

Abstract

The present invention is a hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel, comprising a tank body, wherein the tank body is provided with a temperature control module, a filter module and a reaction module from top to bottom; the side wall of the upper section of the tank body of the temperature control module is hollow to form an upper medium containing layer, and the inner wall extends to the middle to form a hollow partition; the filter module is located below the temperature control module and is connected to the temperature control module, and the filter module is detachably provided with three layers of filter drawers with apertures from large to small from top to bottom; the reaction module comprises a plurality of inclined catalyst plates, a lower catalyst plate and a hydrogen spray hood. The hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel described in the present invention can significantly improve the efficiency of the reaction and increase the stability and balance of the reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of high energy density fuels, and in particular to a hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuels. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the continuous commissioning of high-performance aircraft, hypersonic missiles and new rockets in my country, the demand for high-density, high-energy and stable jet fuel will become more and more urgent. High-energy-density jet fuel is a type of liquid hydrocarbon fuel with high density, high volume calorific value and high performance, and is currently a hot topic of research in various countries.

[0003] Moreover, my country's energy structure is characterized by "rich in coal, lacking in oil, and little gas". In recent years, my country's oil supply and demand gap has been widening year by year, and its dependence on foreign oil has been increasing year by year. In 2017, its dependence on foreign oil reached 67.4%, and it is expected to reach about 75% in 2022. The fluctuations and changes in the international oil market will directly affect the security and stability of my country's economy and even politics. The preparation of liquid fuels through coal-based oil products not only meets the national strategic security requirements, but also plays an important role in promoting the long-term stable and sustainable development of the national economy.

[0004] Coal-based derivative oils include coal direct liquefaction oil, kerosene co-refining oil, coal gasification and coal distillation pyrolysis by-product coal tar and other oil products produced by a series of coal chemical processes with coal as the source. In recent years, my country has produced about 30 million tons of coal-based derivative oil each year, and it is increasing at a rate of 10% per year (mainly due to the growth of new coal chemical industry). Compared with petroleum-based oils, coal-based derivative oils fully retain the molecular structure characteristics of coal rich in aromatic rings, and have their own unique properties such as high content of cycloalkanes and hydrogenated aromatics. They have good thermal oxidation stability (can withstand high temperatures of 500°C without decomposition of carbon deposits) and high energy density. They are the preferred fuel for high-performance aircraft. Therefore, the study of high-energy density fuels is an inevitable trend in the development of future aerospace jet fuels.

[0005] Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the main components of petroleum refining residues and coal liquefaction tar, such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene and their alkyl substitutes. The carbon number is similar to that of aviation fuel. They are generally solid at room temperature. A high energy density fuel with a density of ≥0.85g / mL can be prepared by one-step hydrogenation conversion.

[0006] Under the background of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the standards for impurity content in various petroleum products are also increasing. As an indispensable technology in the production process of clean fuels, hydrogenation technology plays a major role in refinery production. Hydrogenation technology includes hydrocracking and hydrofining. Hydrogenation reaction refers to the conversion of harmful impurities such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen in oil products into corresponding hydrogen sulfide, water, and ammonia under hydrogen pressure and catalyst, and hydrogenation saturation of olefins and dienes, and partial hydrogenation saturation of aromatics, so as to improve the quality of oil products or provide high-quality raw materials for other devices.

[0007] Hydrogenation reaction is an exothermic reaction. At present, most of the domestic reactors adopt the downflow fixed bed reactor structure. The reaction materials flow down through the catalyst bed from above and react with radon under its action. The uneven distribution of gas and liquid in the bed during the reaction will cause hot spots in the reactor, catalyst coking, temperature rise, etc., which will affect product quality and unsafe production. Therefore, stable gas-liquid distribution is crucial to improve the flow characteristics and catalyst utilization rate in the reactor. The gas-liquid distribution equipment is the internal component in the reactor that has an important influence on the initial distribution of gas and liquid.

[0008] However, there is a problem of low efficiency of hydrogenation reaction caused by unbalanced gas-liquid reaction in hydrogenation reaction, which is specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1. Too fast feeding will lead to material concentration, small contact area between materials, and prone to local high concentration and most low concentration areas, thereby affecting the treatment effect of catalyst on oil; 2. Coal tar hydrogenation technology is usually put into use after pretreatment, hydrogenation and re-treatment. Most of the coal tar hydrogenation in the prior art directly treats and hydrogenates coal tar, while ignoring the pretreatment process, resulting in a lot of impurities in the coal tar, insufficient hydrogenation treatment, and failure to meet temperature requirements, which reduces the efficiency of coal tar hydrogenation treatment, cumbersome operation and inconvenient use; 3. If the impurities on the filter plate are not cleaned in time and cause blockage, it will also affect the progress of the reaction; 4. Direct introduction of hydrogen will cause high hydrogen content in some areas, low hydrogen content in most areas, and uneven mixing of raw materials and hydrogen; 5. When the temperature of the added material is low, it is solidified and flows too slowly, affecting the reaction; 6. The feed temperature is not suitable or the reaction temperature is not appropriate, resulting in low reaction efficiency. 7. The catalyst contact area is small, which affects the reaction efficiency; 8. The existing tubular gas-liquid distributor has low operational flexibility and cannot cope with large fluctuations in gas-liquid volume, and cannot form a uniform liquid layer. It is easy to produce uneven initial gas-liquid distribution, resulting in hot spots in the reactor, catalyst coking, temperature rise, etc., which affect product quality and unsafe production.

[0009] Therefore, a hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel is designed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a high energy density fuel preparation hydrogenation reactor, comprising a tank body, wherein the tank body is provided with a temperature control module, a filtering module and a reaction module from top to bottom;

[0011] The side wall of the upper section of the tank body of the temperature control module is hollow inside to form an upper medium accommodating layer, and the inner wall extends toward the middle to form a hollow partition, the hollow partition is connected to the upper medium accommodating layer, the hollow partitions are staggered, and one end of the hollow partition is disconnected from the inner wall of the tank body to leave a gap for convenient oil discharge; an oil inlet is provided on the top surface of the tank body, an upper medium inlet is provided on the upper part of the upper medium accommodating layer, and an upper medium outlet is provided on the lower part of the upper medium accommodating layer;

[0012] The filter module is located below the temperature control module and is connected to the temperature control module. The filter module is detachably provided with three layers of filter drawers with apertures from large to small from top to bottom, namely, an upper filter drawer, a middle filter drawer and a lower filter drawer; the filter module is provided with an inner bottom, and a spiral feeding assembly is provided at the central opening of the inner bottom;

[0013] The reaction module comprises a plurality of inclined catalyst plates, a lower catalyst plate and a hydrogen spraying hood; the inclined catalyst plate is placed on the peripheral side of the bottom of the spiral feeding assembly, and the inclined catalyst plate is arranged in an inclined manner, that is, the upper end of the inclined catalyst plate is close to the spiral feeding assembly; the lower catalyst plate is placed horizontally in the lower section of the tank body of the reaction module, and the hydrogen spraying hood is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the tank body and extends upward through the lower catalyst plate to directly below the spiral feeding assembly;

[0014] The lower catalyst plate comprises an upper support net and a lower support net; the top surface of the upper support net is supported by an upper transverse support rib and an upper front and rear support rib arranged vertically and staggered; the ends of the upper transverse support rib and the upper front and rear support rib are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body; the bottom surface of the lower support net is supported by a lower transverse support rib and a lower front and rear support rib arranged vertically and staggered, and the ends of the lower transverse support rib and the lower front and rear support rib are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body; a plurality of gas-liquid distributors are arranged on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate;

[0015] The hydrogen gas spraying hood comprises a hood body, the upper opening of the hood body is tightened inwards, and the upper outer wall of the hood body is provided with oblique gas injection holes; the bottom of the side wall of the tank body is provided with a fuel outlet.

[0016] Preferably, the filter drawer includes a support frame, a filter screen is arranged inside the support frame, one end of the support frame is a baffle, an electric telescopic rod is arranged on the side of the baffle close to the filter screen, the telescopic head of the electric telescopic rod is connected to a push rod arranged front and back, and the push rod is arranged front and back and rests on the filter screen.

[0017] Preferably, a storage groove is provided at the left and right ends of the filter on the inner side of the support frame, namely a left storage groove and a right storage groove.

[0018] Preferably, the filter drawer is detachably connected to the tank body; the baffle is provided with a through screw hole, and the tank body part of the filter module is provided with a slot, the slot is used to accommodate the filter drawer, and a plurality of screws are provided around the slot, the screws are inserted into the screw holes, and the screws are provided with nuts, through which the baffle is fixed to the tank body.

[0019] Preferably, a handle is provided on the outer side of the baffle.

[0020] Preferably, the middle filter drawer and the upper filter drawer are arranged upside down left and right, and the upper filter drawer and the lower filter drawer are arranged on the same side.

[0021] Preferably, the spiral feeding assembly comprises a connection group and a guide tube, the guide tube is clamped in the central opening of the inner bottom through the connection group, the guide tube is cylindrical with upper and lower openings, the lower part of the guide tube gradually expands outward to form a cap shape, a No. 1 bearing is arranged in the upper opening of the guide tube, and the No. 1 bearing is connected to the inner wall of the guide tube through a connecting rod; a shaft cap extending downward is arranged in the No. 1 bearing, the shaft cap comprises an upper middle shaft and a lower umbrella cap, and a plurality of spirally staggered blades are arranged outside the middle shaft;

[0022] Preferably, an air guide plate is provided at the bottom of the shaft cap; the air guide plate is two arc-shaped rods arranged in an alternating manner.

[0023] Preferably, the connection group includes a clamping plate and a guide tube; the clamping plate and the guide tube are provided with ball bearings, and the clamping plate and the ball bearing clamp the guide tube to the central opening of the inner bottom; the ball bearing can make the guide tube rotate relative to the clamping plate.

[0024] Preferably, the peripheral outer wall of the tank body corresponding to the reaction module is arranged to be hollow to form a lower medium accommodating layer; a lower medium inlet is arranged at the upper part of the lower medium accommodating layer, and a lower medium outlet is arranged at the lower part of the lower medium accommodating layer;

[0025] Preferably, the gas-liquid distributor includes a pressure cylinder, which has upper and lower openings, a pressure cap inserted into the upper part of the pressure cylinder, a spring arranged on the bottom of the pressure cap, a plurality of slits opened on the upper part of the side wall of the pressure cylinder, and a plurality of liquid holes opened on the bottom of the side wall of the pressure cylinder; the pressure cylinder is fixed on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate.

[0026] Preferably, for further stability, the number of the lower transverse support ribs and the lower front and rear support ribs is set to twice the number of the upper transverse support ribs and the upper front and rear support ribs.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel of the present invention can significantly improve the efficiency of the reaction and increase the stability and balance of the reaction, which is specifically manifested in the following aspects:

[0029] 1. The laminar flow of materials through the hollow partitions buffers the added materials (such as coal tar), which will not cause material concentration due to too fast addition, increases the contact area between materials, avoids the occurrence of local high concentration and most low concentration areas, and is more balanced, thereby promoting the catalyst's treatment effect on oil;

[0030] 2. Through the three-layer progressive filtration of the filtration module, the impurities are greatly reduced, the impurity pollution of coal tar is reduced, the reaction temperature is guaranteed, and the reaction efficiency is improved;

[0031] 3. The impurities on the filter screen are cleaned by the electric telescopic rod and the push plate to avoid filter blockage and ensure the reaction process;

[0032] 4. The design of the hydrogen spray hood and the inclined jet hole solves the problem of unbalanced mixing of hydrogen and raw materials; the rotary feeding of the spiral feeding assembly increases the contact area of ​​the reactants;

[0033] 5. Through the design of the upper medium holding layer, the added material temperature is suitable and more conducive to flow;

[0034] 6. The design of the lower medium containing layer ensures the appropriate reaction temperature and improves the reaction efficiency;

[0035] 7. By designing multiple catalyst plates and gas-liquid distributors, the contact area between the catalyst and the reactants is increased, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

[0036] 8. By setting up a gas-liquid distributor, the elastic force of the pressure cap of the gas-liquid distributor is increased by the elastic force of the spring of the gas-liquid distributor, which can fully cope with a large range of fluctuations in the gas-liquid volume and form a uniform liquid layer. The full mixing of gas and liquid in the pressure cylinder ensures the uniform distribution of gas and liquid, avoids the generation of hot spots in the tank, avoids the coking of catalysts, and avoids the occurrence of temperature rise, thereby ensuring product quality and production safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional diagram of the filter module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3is a three-dimensional diagram of a housing of a filter module;

[0040] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of the upper filter drawer;

[0041] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the upper filter drawer;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the spiral feeding assembly;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the spiral feeding assembly (without the fan blades);

[0044] Figure 8 A three-dimensional view of the spiral feeding assembly (without the blades and shaft cap)

[0045] Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional diagram of the shaft cap;

[0046] Fig.10 is a perspective view of a portion of a lower catalyst assembly;

[0047] Fig.11 is a three-dimensional diagram of a gas-liquid distributor;

[0048] Fig.12 a cross-sectional view of a portion of the lower catalyst assembly;

[0049] Fig.13 A three-dimensional image of a hydrogen gas ejection hood;

[0050] Fig.14 is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen ejection hood;

[0051] in:

[0052] 1-tank body; 2-oil inlet; 3-upper medium containing layer; 4-upper medium inlet; 5-upper medium outlet; 6-upper filter drawer; 7-middle filter drawer; 8-lower filter drawer; 9-spiral feeding assembly; 10-lower medium containing layer; 11-lower medium inlet; 12-lower medium outlet; 13-inclined catalyst plate; 14-lower catalyst plate; 15-hydrogen spray hood; 16-fuel outlet; 17-nut; 19-gas-liquid distributor;

[0053] 1011- stud; 1012- slot; 101- filter module;

[0054] 61-electric telescopic rod; 62-push rod; 63-filter; 64-right storage slot; 65-support frame; 66-screw hole; 67-left storage slot;

[0055] 91-clip plate; 92-guide tube; 93-ball bearing; 94-connecting rod; 95-No. 1 bearing; 96-shaft cap; 97-fan blade; 98-air guide plate;

[0056] 141 upper front and rear supporting ribs; 142-upper horizontal supporting ribs; 143-upper supporting net; 144-catalyst; 145-lower front and rear supporting ribs; 146-lower supporting ribs; 147-lower supporting net;

[0057] 191-pressing cylinder; 192-pressing cap; 193-slit; 194-liquid hole; 195-spring;

[0058] 151-hood; 152-jet hole; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel, comprising a tank body 1, wherein the tank body 1 is provided with a temperature control module, a filtering module 101 and a reaction module from top to bottom;

[0061] The temperature control module is used to adjust the temperature of the feed, the filter module 101 is used to filter impurities in the feed, and the reaction module is used for hydrogenation catalytic reaction;

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the side wall of the upper section of the tank body 1 of the temperature control module is hollow inside to form an upper medium containing layer 3, and the inner wall extends toward the middle to form a hollow partition, the hollow partition is connected to the upper medium containing layer, the hollow partitions are staggered, and the upper and lower steps are progressive, which increases the contact area between the feed and the hollow partition, and one end of the hollow partition is disconnected from the inner wall of the tank body 1 to leave a gap for convenient oil discharge; the top surface of the tank body 1 is provided with an oil inlet 2, and coal tar is taken as an example below. The oil inlet 2 is used to inject coal tar into the temperature control module at the upper part of the tank body 1, and an upper medium inlet 4 is provided at the upper part of the upper medium containing layer 3, and an upper medium outlet 5 is provided at the lower part of the upper medium containing layer 3. The heat exchange medium is injected into the upper medium containing layer 3 from the upper medium inlet 4 and discharged from the upper medium outlet 5, and the injected coal tar is heated by medium heat exchange;

[0063] The filter module 101 is located below the temperature control module and is connected to the temperature control module. Figure 2 As shown, the filter module 101 is detachably provided with three layers of filter drawers with decreasing apertures from top to bottom, namely, an upper filter drawer 6, a middle filter drawer 7 and a lower filter drawer 8; through the three-layer filtration, the coal tar is filtered, and many impurities mixed in the coal tar are filtered and removed, so that the coal tar can be fully processed; the filter module is provided with an inner bottom, and the central opening of the inner bottom is provided with a spiral feeding assembly 9, which disperses and throws out the filtered coal tar to make the subsequent reaction more complete;

[0064] like Figure 1As shown, the reaction module includes a plurality of inclined catalyst plates 13, a lower catalyst plate 14 and a hydrogen spraying cover 15; multiple catalyst plates are provided to make the reaction faster and more complete;

[0065] The inclined catalyst plate 13 is placed on the bottom peripheral side of the spiral feeding assembly 9, and the inclined catalyst plate 13 is arranged in an inclined manner, that is, the upper end of the inclined catalyst plate 13 is close to the spiral feeding assembly 9; the lower catalyst plate 14 is horizontally placed in the lower section of the tank body 1 of the reaction module, and the hydrogen spraying hood 15 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the tank body 1 and extends upward through the lower catalyst plate 14 to the bottom of the spiral feeding assembly 9, so as to transport hydrogen;

[0066] like Fig.10 and Fig.12 As shown, the lower catalyst plate 14 includes an upper support net 143 and a lower support net 147; a catalyst 144 is arranged between the upper support net 143 and the lower support net 147 to catalyze and accelerate the reaction; the top surface of the upper support net 143 is supported by an upper transverse support rib 142 and an upper front and rear support rib 141 arranged vertically and staggered; the ends of the upper transverse support rib 142 and the upper front and rear support rib 141 are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body 1; the bottom surface of the lower support net 147 is supported by a lower support rib 146 and a lower front and rear support rib 145 arranged vertically and staggered, and the ends of the lower support rib 146 and the lower front and rear support rib 145 are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body 1; a plurality of gas-liquid distributors 19 are arranged on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate 14;

[0067] like Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, the hydrogen spray hood 15 includes a hood body 151, the upper opening of the hood body 151 is tightened inwardly to form an inverted cone shape, thereby increasing the speed of the incoming hydrogen. An oblique jet hole 152 is opened on the upper outer wall of the hood body 151; a fuel outlet 16 is opened on the bottom of the side wall of the tank body 1.

[0068] Preferably, Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the filter drawer includes a support frame 65, a filter screen 63 is arranged inside the support frame 65, one end of the support frame 65 is a baffle, and an electric telescopic rod 61 is arranged on the side of the baffle close to the filter screen 63, and the telescopic head of the electric telescopic rod 61 is connected to a push rod 62 arranged front and back, and the push rod 62 is arranged front and back to rest on the filter screen 63, and the push rod 62 is used to clean impurities on the filter screen 63.

[0069] Preferably, a storage groove is provided at the left and right ends of the filter screen 63 on the inner side of the support frame 65 to accommodate impurities, namely a left storage groove 67 and a right storage groove 64 .

[0070] Preferably, the detachable connection of the filter drawer to the tank body 1 is more convenient for cleaning; the baffle is provided with a through screw hole 66, and the tank body 1 part of the filter module 101 is provided with a slot 1012, and the slot 1012 is used to accommodate the filter drawer. A plurality of studs 1011 are provided around the slot 1012, and the studs 1011 are inserted into the screw hole 66, and the studs 1011 are provided with nuts 17, and the baffle is fixed to the tank body 1 by the nuts 17.

[0071] Preferably, a handle is provided on the outer side of the baffle for easy pulling.

[0072] Preferably, the middle filter drawer 7 and the upper filter drawer 6 are arranged upside down, and the upper filter drawer 6 and the lower filter drawer are arranged on the same side.

[0073] Preferably, Figure 6-9 As shown, the spiral feeding assembly 9 includes a connection group and a guide tube 92, through which the guide tube 92 is clamped in the central opening of the inner bottom, the guide tube 92 is a cylindrical shape with upper and lower openings, and the lower part of the guide tube 92 gradually expands outward to form a cap shape, and a No. 1 bearing 95 is arranged in the upper opening of the guide tube 92, and the No. 1 bearing 95 is connected to the inner wall of the guide tube 92 through a connecting rod 94; a shaft cap 96 extending downward is arranged in the No. 1 bearing 95, and the shaft cap 96 includes an upper middle axis and a lower umbrella cap, and a plurality of spirally staggered fan blades 97 are arranged outside the middle axis; the coal tar flows down along the shaft cap 96 from the gap between the connecting rods 94, and applies force to the fan blades 97, and the spirally arranged fan blades 97 drive the shaft cap 96 to rotate relative to the guide tube 92 with the help of the No. 1 bearing 95; during rotation, the coal tar is scattered under the action of the centrifugal force, so that the coal tar is further dispersed, and the contact area of ​​the reaction is further increased;

[0074] Preferably, Figure 6 As shown, a gas guide plate 98 is provided at the bottom of the shaft cap 96; the gas guide plate 98 is two arc-shaped rods arranged in a staggered manner. The hydrogen spraying hood 15 sprays hydrogen to the bottom of the shaft cap 96, and the rotating shaft cap 96 can further mix the hydrogen with the coal tar. The gas guide plate 98 at the bottom of the shaft cap increases the flow and agitation of the hydrogen, thereby accelerating the reaction.

[0075] Preferably, Figure 6 As shown, the connection group includes a clamping plate 91 and a guide tube 92; the clamping plate 91 and the guide tube 92 are provided with ball bearings 93, and the clamping plate 91 and the ball bearing 93 clamp the guide tube 92 to the center opening of the inner bottom; the ball bearing 93 can make the guide tube 92 rotate relative to the clamping plate 91, further assisting the rotation of the spiral feeding assembly.

[0076] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, in order to further speed up the reaction process, the outer wall of the surrounding side of the tank body 1 corresponding to the reaction module is set to be hollow to form a lower medium containing layer 10; a lower medium inlet 11 is set at the upper part of the lower medium containing layer 10, and a lower medium outlet 12 is set at the lower part of the lower medium containing layer 10; the medium is introduced into the lower medium containing layer 10 through the lower medium inlet 11 to assist in temperature increase and promote reaction, and the medium is discharged from the lower medium outlet 12.

[0077] Preferably, Figure 11-12 As shown, the gas-liquid distributor 19 includes a pressure cylinder 191, the pressure cylinder 191 has upper and lower openings, a pressure cap 192 is inserted into the upper part of the pressure cylinder 191, a spring 195 is arranged on the bottom of the pressure cap 192, a plurality of slits 193 are arranged on the upper part of the side wall of the pressure cylinder 191, and a plurality of liquid holes 194 are arranged on the bottom of the side wall of the pressure cylinder 191; the pressure cylinder 191 is fixed on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate 14; when coal tar falls on the gas-liquid distributor, it will hit the pressure cap 192 instead of directly entering the gas-liquid distributor. The pressure cap 192 has a cushioning effect on the fallen coal tar, and does not allow the coal tar to flow directly onto the lower catalyst plate 14. The pressure cap 192 presses the spring 195 downward to generate vibration, and hydrogen enters the pressure cylinder 191 from the slit 193, and coal tar enters the pressure cylinder 191 from the liquid hole 194. The gas and liquid are fully mixed in the pressure cylinder 191 and then distributed to the lower catalyst plate 14. At the same time, the shaking of the lower catalyst plate 14 can accelerate the fusion and reaction of the catalyst and the raw material.

[0078] Preferably, in order to further stabilize the lower catalyst plate 14 , the number of the lower support ribs 146 and the lower front and rear support ribs 145 is set to twice the number of the upper transverse support ribs 142 and the upper front and rear support ribs 141 .

[0079] Working principle:

[0080] A high energy density fuel preparation hydrogenation reactor, coal tar raw material is injected into the temperature control module at the upper part of the tank body 1 from the oil inlet 2, heat exchange medium is injected into the upper medium containing layer 3 from the upper medium inlet 4, and discharged from the upper medium outlet 5, the injected coal tar is heated by medium heat exchange; the fluidity of the coal tar is increased; the feeding speed of the coal tar is slowed down by the hollow partition;

[0081] The coal tar is filtered through three layers of filtration in the filtration module, and many impurities contained in the coal tar are filtered out, so that the coal tar is fully treated and can participate in the reaction;

[0082] The material is fed into the reaction module through the spiral feeding assembly 9, and the filtered coal tar is dispersed and thrown out to make the subsequent reaction more complete; the coal tar flows down along the shaft cap 96 from the gap between the connecting rods 94, and exerts force on the fan blades 97. The spirally arranged fan blades 97 drive the shaft cap 96 to rotate relative to the guide tube 92 with the help of the bearing 95; during the rotation, the coal tar is scattered under the action of the centrifugal force, so that the coal tar is further dispersed, and the contact area of ​​the reaction is further increased;

[0083] Setting up multiple catalyst plates ensures a faster and more complete reaction;

[0084] Hydrogen is sprayed to the bottom of the shaft cap 96 through the hydrogen spray hood 15. The rotating shaft cap 96 can further mix the hydrogen with the coal tar. The air guide plate 98 at the bottom of the shaft cap increases the flow and agitation of the hydrogen, thereby accelerating the reaction.

[0085] The medium is introduced into the lower medium containing layer 10 through the lower medium inlet 11 to assist in temperature increase and promote reaction, and the medium is discharged from the lower medium outlet 12;

[0086] When the gas-liquid mixed flow falls from the top to the lower catalyst plate 14, the liquid phase first hits the pressure cap 192 of the gas-liquid distributor 19, and does not directly enter the pressure cylinder 191. The pressure cap 192 buffers the liquid phase overflow, making the liquid phase more dispersed, hydrogen enters the pressure cylinder 191 from the slit 193, and the liquid phase enters the pressure cylinder 191 from the liquid hole 194. The liquid phase falls on the pressure cap 192 and presses the spring 195 downward to produce up and down vibrations. The pressure cap 192 causes the gas-liquid mixture to impact, collide and mix inside the pressure cylinder 191. When the pressure cap 192 is pressed down, part of the gas-liquid mixture in the pressure cylinder 191 flows directly into the lower catalyst plate 14, and part flows out from the liquid hole 194. The gas-liquid mixtures flowing out of the liquid holes 194 of multiple gas-liquid distributors 19 collide with each other and are evenly distributed to the surface of the lower catalyst plate 14, avoiding the generation of hot spots on the lower catalyst plate 14, eliminating catalyst coking, and preventing the occurrence of temperature runaway, thereby ensuring product quality and production efficiency.

[0087] Hydrogen and coal tar undergo a hydrogenation reaction under the action of catalyst 144, so that harmful impurities such as sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. in the oil product are converted into corresponding hydrogen sulfide, water, and ammonia and removed, and olefins and dienes are hydrogenated and saturated, and aromatics are partially hydrogenated and saturated, thereby providing high energy density fuel for other devices.

[0088] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0090] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel, comprising a tank body (1), characterized in that: The tank body (1) is provided with a temperature control module, a filtering module (101) and a reaction module from top to bottom; The side wall of the upper section of the tank body (1) of the temperature control module is hollow to form an upper medium accommodating layer (3), and the inner wall extends toward the middle to form a hollow partition, the hollow partition is connected to the upper medium accommodating layer, and the hollow partitions are arranged in a staggered manner, and are stepped up and down; an oil inlet (2) is provided on the top surface of the tank body (1), an upper medium inlet (4) is provided on the upper part of the upper medium accommodating layer (3), and an upper medium outlet (5) is provided on the lower part of the upper medium accommodating layer (3); The filter module (101) is located below the temperature control module and is in communication with the temperature control module. The filter module (101) is detachably provided with three layers of filter drawers with apertures from large to small from top to bottom, namely an upper filter drawer (6), a middle filter drawer (7) and a lower filter drawer (8); the filter module is provided with an inner bottom, and a spiral material discharge assembly (9) is provided at the central opening of the inner bottom; The reaction module comprises a plurality of inclined catalyst plates (13), a lower catalyst plate (14) and a hydrogen spraying hood (15); The inclined catalyst plate (13) is placed on the circumferential side of the bottom of the spiral feeding assembly (9), and the inclined catalyst plate (13) is arranged in an inclined manner, that is, the upper end of the inclined catalyst plate (13) is close to the spiral feeding assembly (9); the lower catalyst plate (14) is placed horizontally in the lower section of the tank body (1) of the reaction module, and the hydrogen spraying cover (15) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the tank body (1) and extends upward through the lower catalyst plate (14) to the bottom of the spiral feeding assembly (9); The lower catalyst plate (14) comprises an upper support net (143) and a lower support net (147); a catalyst (144) is arranged between the upper support net (143) and the lower support net (147) to catalyze and accelerate the reaction; the top surface of the upper support net (143) is supported by upper transverse support ribs (142) and upper front and rear support ribs (141) arranged vertically and staggered; the ends of the upper transverse support ribs (142) and the upper front and rear support ribs (141) are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body (1); the bottom surface of the lower support net (147) is supported by lower transverse support ribs (146) and lower front and rear support ribs (145) arranged vertically and staggered; the ends of the lower transverse support ribs (146) and the lower front and rear support ribs (145) are fixed to the inner wall of the tank body (1); a plurality of gas-liquid distributors (19) are arranged on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate (14); The hydrogen gas spraying hood (15) comprises a hood body (151), the upper opening of the hood body (151) is tightened inwardly to form an inverted cone, and the upper outer wall of the hood body (151) is provided with an obliquely arranged gas injection hole (152); the bottom of the side wall of the tank body (1) is provided with a fuel outlet (16).

2. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter drawer comprises a support frame (65), a filter screen (63) is arranged inside the support frame (65), one end of the support frame (65) is a baffle, a side of the baffle close to the filter screen (63) is provided with an electric telescopic rod (61), the telescopic head of the electric telescopic rod (61) is connected to a push rod (62) arranged front and rear, and the push rod (62) is arranged front and rear to rest on the filter screen (63).

3. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The left and right ends of the filter screen (63) are each provided with a storage groove on the inner side of the support frame (65), which are a left storage groove (67) and a right storage groove (64).

4. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter drawer is detachably connected to the tank body (1), which means that a through screw hole (66) is provided on the baffle plate, and the tank body (1) portion of the filter module (101) is provided with a slot (1012), the slot (1012) is used to accommodate the filter drawer, and a plurality of screw rods (1011) are provided around the slot (1012), the screw rods (1011) are inserted into the screw hole (66), and the screw rods (1011) are provided with nuts (17), and the baffle plate is fixed to the tank body (1) by means of the nuts (17).

5. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that: A handle is arranged on the outer side of the baffle; the middle filter drawer (7) and the upper filter drawer (6) are arranged in reverse order, and the upper filter drawer (6) and the lower filter drawer are arranged on the same side.

6. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spiral feeding assembly (9) comprises a connection group and a guide tube (92), the guide tube (92) being clamped to the central opening of the inner bottom through the connection group, the guide tube (92) being a cylindrical shape with upper and lower openings, the lower part of the guide tube (92) gradually expanding outwards to be a cap shape, a No. 1 bearing (95) being arranged in the upper opening of the guide tube (92), the No. 1 bearing (95) being connected to the inner wall of the guide tube (92) through a connecting rod (94); a shaft cap (96) extending downwards being arranged in the No. 1 bearing (95), the shaft cap (96) comprising an upper middle axis and a lower umbrella cap, a plurality of spirally staggered fan blades (97) being arranged outside the middle axis; an air guide plate (98) being arranged at the bottom of the shaft cap (96); the air guide plate (98) being two staggered arc rods; the hydrogen spraying hood (15) spraying hydrogen to the bottom of the shaft cap (96).

7. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connection group comprises a clamping plate (91) and a guide tube (92); the clamping plate (91) and the guide tube (92) are provided with a ball bearing (93); the clamping plate (91) and the ball bearing (93) clamp the guide tube (92) to the central opening of the inner bottom; the ball bearing (93) can enable the guide tube (92) to rotate relative to the clamping plate (91).

8. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The peripheral outer wall of the tank body (1) corresponding to the reaction module is arranged to be hollow to form a lower medium containing layer (10); a lower medium inlet (11) is arranged at the upper part of the lower medium containing layer (10), and a lower medium outlet (12) is arranged at the lower part of the lower medium containing layer (10).

9. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gas-liquid distributor comprises a pressure cylinder (191), the pressure cylinder (191) is opened at the top and the bottom, a pressure cap (192) is inserted into the upper part of the pressure cylinder (191), a spring (195) is arranged on the bottom surface of the pressure cap (192), a plurality of slits (193) are arranged on the upper part of the side wall of the pressure cylinder (191), and a plurality of liquid holes (194) are arranged on the bottom of the side wall of the pressure cylinder (191); the pressure cylinder (191) is fixed on the top surface of the lower catalyst plate (14).

10. A hydrogenation reactor for preparing high energy density fuel according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of the lower transverse supporting ribs (146) and the lower front and rear supporting ribs (145) is set to twice the number of the upper transverse supporting ribs (142) and the upper front and rear supporting ribs (141).

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