Self-adapting gradient resistance and pressure relief anchor rod

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive gradient resistance and pressure releasing anchor rod, which comprises a nut, a tray and a rod body, one end of the rod body is provided with the nut and the tray; the rod body is externally provided with a pressure releasing device; the pressure releasing device is a hollow cylinder; the pressure releasing device is threadedly connected with the nut through the tray; the pressure releasing device is a hollow cylinder and is installed in the surrounding rock near the free side; the nut and the tray are installed on the outer side of the surrounding rock; the self-adaptive pressure releasing amount can be generated when the surrounding rock is deformed by creep or expansion, and the self-adaptive pressure releasing resistance can be generated according to the deformation condition; the pressure releasing resistance can be released in stages along with the deformation, and the pressure releasing resistance can be increased in stages, so that the soft rock large deformation tunnel has a good supporting control effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of support technology, specifically an adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt, suitable for the support of water conservancy tunnels, traffic tunnels, coal mine roadways, or slope foundation pits. Background Technology

[0002] In the control of rock and soil deformation in water conservancy tunnels, traffic tunnels, coal mine roadways, or slope foundation pits, the support anchors are often subjected to multiple stages of different working conditions due to the phased release of ground stress or the phased disturbance of rock and soil excavation. It is necessary to provide different support resistance and yield deformation for each stage of surrounding rock deformation. However, existing yield anchors usually do not have the above characteristics. Therefore, the design yield resistance and yield deformation of the anchors cannot meet the on-site design requirements, resulting in the yield function not being able to play an effective role, which in turn causes continuous damage to the surrounding rock. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt to solve the problem that existing anchor bolts cannot achieve multi-stage pressure relief.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this invention is an adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt, comprising a nut, a tray, and a rod body, wherein one end of the rod body is provided with a nut and a tray; its special feature is that a pressure-relief device is provided outside the rod body, the pressure-relief device is a hollow cylinder, and the pressure-relief device passes through the tray and is threadedly connected to the nut.

[0005] Furthermore, the tray is butterfly-shaped or star-shaped.

[0006] Furthermore, a scale is provided at the end of the rod to indicate the anchor rod pressure s; a pressure gauge is provided between the tray and the nut to monitor the force p on the anchor rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure-relief device comprises a pressure-relief device connecting sleeve, a pressure-relief baffle, a multi-stage pressure-relief ring, and a pressure-relief wedge; the pressure-relief baffle is fixedly connected to the rod body; the multi-stage pressure-relief ring and the pressure-relief wedge are sleeved on the outside of the rod body, with one end connected to the pressure-relief baffle and the other end connected to the pressure-relief wedge; the pressure-relief device connecting sleeve is provided outside the pressure-relief baffle, the multi-stage pressure-relief ring, and the pressure-relief wedge, and the top of the pressure-relief device connecting sleeve passes through the tray and is threadedly connected to the nut.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressure relief device connecting sleeve is bottle-shaped, including a bottle mouth section and a bottle body section. The bottle mouth section is provided with threads on the outside, and the bottom wall thickness of the bottle body section gradually increases to restrict the sliding of the pressure relief wedge 34.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure relief ring is composed of multiple individual pressure relief rings connected together, and each individual pressure relief ring has a different material or wall thickness.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-stage pressure relief ring is an n-stage pressure relief ring, and the ultimate pressure relief resistance is F. n , always let pressure The deformation δ of a single pressure ring i .

[0011] Furthermore, when the anchor bolt pressure s ≥ 0.8 d The anchor bolt is subjected to a force of 0.8. s ≤p indicates low yield strength, requiring increased yield ring wall thickness and yield device wall thickness; when the anchor bolt yield is 0.8... d ≥s≥0.3 d The anchor bolt is subjected to a force of 0.3. s ≤p≤0.8 s The anchor bolt pressure should be moderate; when the anchor bolt pressure is 0.3... d ≥s, anchor bolt force p≤0.3 s To achieve high compressive strength, it is necessary to reduce the wall thickness of the pressure ring and the wall thickness of the pressure relief device.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The pressure relief device adopts a multi-stage pressure relief ring, which is different from the conventional single pressure relief ring. By changing the wall thickness and material of the pressure relief ring, its staged deformation function is realized. As the external force increases, each stage of the pressure relief ring is flattened in turn. It can undergo adaptive deformation when the surrounding rock deformation is released in stages, and maintain the progressively increasing support resistance; 2. It can adapt to the pressure relief support requirements of each stage of tunnel excavation and avoid serious deterioration of the surrounding rock under graded disturbance. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1 Nut, 2 Tray, 3 Pressure relief device, 4 Rod, 5 Pressure gauge, 6 Scale, 31 Pressure relief device connecting sleeve, 32 Pressure relief baffle, 33 Multi-stage pressure relief ring, 34 Pressure relief wedge. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To better understand and implement this invention, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, an adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt includes a nut 1, a tray 2, a pressure-relief device 3, and a rod body 4; the tray 2 is butterfly-shaped or star-shaped; the nut 1 and the tray 2 are installed at one end of the rod body 4, and the tray 2 is placed between the surrounding rock and the nut 1; the pressure-relief device 3 is installed on the outside of the rod body 4, and the pressure-relief device 3 is a hollow cylinder that passes through the tray 2 and is threadedly connected to the nut 1; a scale 6 is set at the end of the rod body 4 to mark the anchor bolt pressure relief amount s; a pressure gauge 5 is installed between the tray 2 and the nut 1 to monitor the force p on the anchor bolt;

[0017] The pressure relief device 3 consists of a pressure relief device connecting sleeve 31, a pressure relief baffle 32, a multi-stage pressure relief ring 33, and a pressure relief wedge 34. The multi-stage pressure relief ring 33 has a length of 50mm-400mm. The pressure relief baffle 32 is welded to the rod body 4 to prevent relative sliding at its front end. The multi-stage pressure relief ring 33 and the pressure relief wedge 34 are sequentially fitted onto the outside of the rod body 4. One end of the multi-stage pressure relief ring 33 is connected to the pressure relief baffle 32, and the other end is connected to the pressure relief wedge 34. The pressure relief baffle 32, the multi-stage pressure relief ring 33, and the pressure relief wedge 34 are placed inside the pressure relief connecting sleeve 31. The top of the pressure relief device connecting sleeve 31 passes through the tray 2 and is threadedly connected to the nut 1 to generate a predetermined working resistance.

[0018] The pressure relief device connecting sleeve 31 is designed in the shape of a bottle, including a bottle mouth section and a bottle body section. The surface of the bottle mouth section connecting sleeve is provided with threads. The inner diameter of the bottle mouth is the same as the outer diameter of the rod 4. The bottom wall thickness of the bottle body section gradually increases to limit the sliding of the pressure relief wedge 34 and prevent its bottom end from sliding relative to each other.

[0019] The multi-stage pressure ring 33 is composed of multiple individual pressure rings connected together, and each individual pressure ring has a different material or wall thickness.

[0020] When designing the pressure relief resistance and pressure relief deformation of the anchor bolts involved, when the anchor bolt tension reaches Fi, the i-th level pressure relief ring is flattened, and the pressure relief deformation is the deformation of a single pressure relief ring δi; in application, n-level pressure relief rings 33 can be designed according to the pressure relief requirements, the ultimate pressure relief resistance is Fn, and the total pressure relief is...

[0021] When the anchor bolt 4 allows the pressure s ≥ 0.8 d Anchor bolt 4 is subjected to a force of 0.8. s ≤p indicates low compressive strength, requiring an increase in the wall thickness of the compressive ring 33 and the compressive device 3, when the compressive strength of the anchor bolt 4 is 0.8. d ≥s≥0.3 d Anchor bolt 4 is subjected to a force of 0.3. s ≤p≤0.8 s To ensure moderate compressive strength, the compressive strength of anchor bolt 4 should be 0.3. d ≥s, the force p on anchor bolt 4 is ≤0.3 s To achieve high compressive strength, the wall thickness of the pressure ring 33 and the wall thickness of the pressure relief device 3 need to be reduced.

[0022] In order to adapt to different engineering geological conditions of tunnels and meet the requirements of the project for the corrosion resistance and durability of anchor bolts, in addition to being made of metal materials, each component can also be made of composite materials such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber, or combinations thereof.

[0023] The present invention discloses an adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt. When the surrounding rock undergoes creep deformation or expansion deformation, the confining pressure acts on the tray and nut. Since the nut and the pressure-relief device connecting sleeve are connected by threads, the internal components of the pressure-relief device move relative to the connecting sleeve along with the rod body, thereby compressing the internal multi-stage pressure-relief rings. This is the pressure-relief critical point. The pressure-relief rings have a graded pressure-relief function, which is 1-N stages of pressure relief. After all the pressure-relief rings are flattened, the remaining pressure acts entirely on the pressure-relief wedge. Through the frictional resistance between the pressure-relief wedge and the bottom of the pressure-relief connecting sleeve, the final pressure-relief resistance and pressure-relief deformation are generated. The wedge and the pressure-relief device connecting sleeve undergo sliding friction, which is N+1 stage of pressure relief.

[0024] It should be understood that any technical features not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make more modifications under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and these modifications all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt, comprising a nut, a tray, and a rod body, wherein one end of the rod body is provided with a nut and a tray; characterized in that, The rod body is provided with a pressure relief device, which is a hollow cylinder, and the pressure relief device passes through the tray and is threadedly connected to the nut. A scale is installed at the end of the rod to mark the anchor rod pressure s; a pressure gauge is installed between the tray and the nut to monitor the force p on the anchor rod. The pressure-relief device consists of a pressure-relief device connecting sleeve, a pressure-relief baffle, a multi-stage pressure-relief ring, and a pressure-relief wedge. The pressure-relief baffle is fixedly connected to the rod body. The multi-stage pressure-relief ring and the pressure-relief wedge are sleeved on the outside of the rod body. One end of the multi-stage pressure-relief ring is connected to the pressure-relief baffle, the multi-stage pressure-relief ring, and the pressure-relief wedge. The pressure-relief device connecting sleeve is provided outside the pressure-relief baffle, the multi-stage pressure-relief ring, and the pressure-relief wedge. The top of the pressure-relief device connecting sleeve passes through the tray and is threadedly connected to the nut. The pressure relief device connecting sleeve is bottle-shaped, including a bottle mouth section and a bottle body section. The bottle mouth section is provided with threads on the outside, and the bottom wall thickness of the bottle body section gradually increases to limit the sliding of the pressure relief wedge.

2. The adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tray is butterfly-shaped or star-shaped.

3. The adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage pressure relief ring is composed of multiple individual pressure relief rings connected together, and each individual pressure relief ring has a different material or wall thickness.

4. The adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-stage pressure relief ring is an n-stage pressure relief ring, with a maximum pressure relief resistance of F. n , always let pressure The deformation δ of a single pressure ring i .

5. The adaptive gradient resistance-increasing anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the anchor bolt pressure s ≥ 0.8 δ The anchor bolt is subjected to a force of 0.

8. σ ≤p indicates low yield strength, requiring increased yield ring wall thickness and yield device wall thickness; when the anchor bolt yield is 0.8... δ ≥s≥0.3 δ The anchor bolt is subjected to a force of 0.

3. σ ≤p≤0.8 σ The anchor bolt pressure should be moderate; when the anchor bolt pressure is 0.3... δ ≥s, anchor bolt force p≤0.3 σ To achieve high compressive strength, it is necessary to reduce the wall thickness of the pressure ring and the wall thickness of the pressure relief device.

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