Drill Bit for Drilling Aerospace Materials and Its Installation Structure

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of cutting tools, and particularly to a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials and its mounting structure, including a tool tip and a tool shank. The tool tip is connected to the tool shank. The diameter of the tool tip gradually decreases towards the end away from the tool shank. One or more cutting grooves are formed on the outer wall of the tool tip. The cutting grooves divide the tool tip into several cutting parts. The cutting parts are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the tool tip. A cutting edge is formed between the inner wall of the cutting groove and the outer wall of the cutting part. A reverse groove is formed on the outer wall of the cutting part. A reverse edge is formed between the inner wall of the reverse groove and the outer wall of the cutting part. The reverse edge is used to suppress burrs. This application can reduce the burrs in the drilled hole and improve the drilling accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of cutting tools, and particularly to a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials and its mounting structure. Background Art

[0002] Drill bits are generally used for drilling and reaming holes. Common types include twist drills, reamers, deep hole drills, chamfer drills, etc. Taking the twist drill as an example, a twist drill is provided with spiral chip flutes, and rotates relative to the fixed axis to cut a round hole in the workpiece.

[0003] Generally, when drilling aerospace materials such as graphene composite plates, since the material to be processed is multi-layer fiber, traditional twist drills are not easy to damage the fiber structure, resulting in a large number of burrs easily existing on the edge of the hole. After drilling, in order to improve the drilling accuracy, additional processes are required to process the burrs, and the operation process is cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of inconvenient improvement of drilling accuracy, this application provides a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials and its mounting structure.

[0005] A drill bit for drilling aerospace materials provided by this application adopts the following technical scheme: A drill bit for drilling aerospace materials includes a cutting head and a tool shank. The cutting head is connected to the tool shank. The diameter of the cutting head gradually decreases towards the end away from the tool shank. One or more cutting grooves are formed on the outer wall of the cutting head. The cutting grooves divide the cutting head into several cutting parts. The cutting parts are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference of the cutting head. A cutting edge is formed between the inner wall of the cutting groove and the outer wall of the cutting part. A reverse groove is formed on the outer wall of the cutting part. A reverse edge is formed between the inner wall of the reverse groove and the outer wall of the cutting part. The reverse edge is used to suppress burrs.

[0006] By adopting the above technical scheme, during the process of the cutting head drilling a hole in the plate, the cutting edge cuts the plate, and the cut waste chips are discharged from the cutting groove. By setting the reverse groove, during the process of the cutting head rotating and drilling downward, since the diameter of the cutting head is constantly increasing, the cutting head makes the diameter of the drilled hole constantly expand. The cutting edge contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole in the plate, and can cut off the burrs generated during the drilling process. At the same time, the reverse edge can suppress newly emerging burrs, thereby reducing the burrs in the drilled hole and improving the drilling accuracy.

[0007] In a specific feasible embodiment, the reverse grooves are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the cutting head, and the reverse grooves are communicated with the cutting grooves.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, during the process of the tool bit rotating and drilling downward, the reversely grooved spiral can guide the waste chips to the cutting groove, facilitating chip evacuation and preventing chip jamming.

[0009] In a specific feasible implementation, a forward groove is formed on the cutting part, and a cutting edge is formed between the inner wall of the forward groove and the cutting part for cutting burrs.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, during the process of the tool bit rotating and drilling downward, as the diameter of the tool bit continuously increases, the cutting edge can cut off the small amount of burrs generated. Meanwhile, under the action of the reverse edge, the generation of burrs can be further reduced, facilitating the improvement of the drilling surface accuracy.

[0011] In a specific feasible implementation, the forward groove is formed along the radial direction of the tool bit, and the forward groove communicates with the reverse groove.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, by forming the forward groove, the number of cutting edges of the tool bit can be increased, facilitating cutting during drilling and making the drilling process more stable. Moreover, since the forward groove communicates with the reverse groove, it is convenient for the waste chips cut during machining to enter the reverse groove and then enter the cutting groove through the reverse groove, facilitating chip evacuation.

[0013] In a specific feasible implementation, a chip breaking groove is formed on the cutting part, and the chip breaking groove extends from the edge of the cutting part towards the side close to the axis of the tool bit.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, by providing the chip breaking groove, during the cutting process, the chip breaking groove can cut off the waste chips, minimizing the spiral winding of the waste chips around the tool bit and affecting the cutting effect of the tool bit.

[0015] In a specific feasible implementation, the recess depth of the cutting groove is greater than the recess depths of the forward groove and the reverse groove.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, since the recess depth of the cutting groove is greater than those of the forward groove and the reverse groove, on the one hand, during the cutting process, the chip capacity can be increased, minimizing the blockage of the cutting groove. On the other hand, it can suppress the scattering of the chips, protecting the operator.

[0017] In a specific feasible implementation, a mounting seat is provided at one end of the tool shank away from the tool bit. A slot for inserting the tool shank is formed on the mounting seat. A ring groove is formed at one end of the tool shank away from the tool bit. A mounting groove is formed in the mounting seat, and a positioning component for positioning the tool shank is provided in the mounting groove.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting the positioning component, after the tool holder is inserted into the slot, the tool holder is positioned by the positioning component, which can avoid the shaking of the tool holder in the mounting seat as much as possible, achieve a better positioning effect, and thus can avoid the shaking of the tool holder during drilling as much as possible, contribute to the stability of drilling, and achieve a better drilling effect.

[0019] The present application also provides a mounting structure for a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials, including the above drill bit. The positioning component includes a first wedge block, a first connecting rod, and a second wedge block. A first limiting plate is installed in the installation groove. The first connecting rod penetrates through the first limiting plate. The first connecting rod is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the tool holder. The first wedge block is arranged at one end of the first connecting rod. The second wedge block is arranged at the other end of the first connecting rod. A second limiting plate is further arranged in the installation groove. A second connecting rod penetrates through the second limiting plate. A third wedge block is arranged at one end of the second connecting rod. A fourth wedge block is arranged at the other end of the second connecting rod. The side wall of the second wedge block facing the third wedge block is an inclined surface. A limiting groove is opened on the inner wall of the installation groove. A limiting rod penetrates through the limiting groove. A fifth wedge block is arranged at one end of the limiting rod close to the fourth wedge block. The surface of the fifth wedge block facing the fourth wedge block is an inclined surface. The fifth wedge block is in contact with the fourth wedge block.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the tool holder is inserted into the mounting seat, the tool holder pushes the first wedge block in the direction away from itself. The first wedge block drives the second wedge block to move. The second wedge block pushes the third wedge block. The third wedge block drives the fourth wedge block to move. The fourth wedge block pushes the fifth wedge block, so that the limiting rod is inserted into the limiting groove to position the tool holder and restrict the movement of the tool holder in the installation groove, achieving a better positioning effect.

[0021] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, a pressing groove is opened on the side wall of the tool holder. A connecting plate and a pressing spring are arranged in the pressing groove. One end of the pressing spring is connected to the inner wall of the pressing groove, and the other end is connected to the connecting plate. One end of the connecting plate is provided with a pressing block, and the other end is provided with a pushing block. The pushing block is arranged on the side close to the first wedge block. The pushing block is used to push the first wedge block toward the installation groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, by pressing the pressing block, the pressing block drives the pushing block into the pressing groove, which is convenient for inserting the tool holder into the mounting seat. After the tool holder is inserted into the mounting seat, the pressing block is released, and the pressing spring pushes the pushing block out, so that the pushing block pushes the first wedge block, and then the positioning of the tool holder is realized. Similarly, when the tool holder needs to be taken out, pressing the pressing block is convenient for taking out the tool holder, and the operation is convenient.

[0023] In a specific feasible implementation, an installation hole is provided on the side wall of the mounting base facing the tool handle. A third connecting rod is slidably installed in the installation hole. A sixth wedge block is provided at one end of the third connecting rod close to the second wedge block. The side wall of the sixth wedge block facing the second wedge block is an inclined surface. The side wall of the sixth wedge block facing the second wedge block is an inclined surface. The second wedge block is used to push the sixth wedge block to move closer to the pressing block. A baffle is provided at the end of the third connecting rod away from the sixth wedge block. The baffle is annular. The baffle is used to block the pressing block.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when the pushing block pushes the first wedge block and the second wedge block to move, the second wedge block can drive the sixth wedge block and the baffle to move closer to the pressing block, so that the baffle covers the outside of the pressing block. Therefore, after the tool handle is installed, it can avoid accidentally touching the stop block as much as possible.

[0025] To sum up, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] 1. By providing the reverse groove, during the process of the cutting head rotating and drilling downward, since the diameter of the cutting head continuously increases, the cutting head enlarges the diameter of the drilled hole. The reverse edge contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole of the plate, which can suppress the generation of burrs during the drilling process, thereby reducing the burrs in the drilled hole and improving the drilling accuracy;

[0027] 2. The reverse groove can play a guiding role for the waste chips, guiding the waste chips into the cutting groove, facilitating chip removal, and not easily causing the problem of waste chip blockage;

[0028] 3. By providing the chip-breaking groove, during the cutting process, the chip-breaking groove can cut the waste chips, and as much as possible avoid the waste chips spirally winding around the cutting head and affecting the cutting effect of the cutting head. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting groove and the cutting part in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting head in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the tool holder in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 5 is Figure 4 the enlarged view at A in

[0034] Figure 6 is Figure 4 the enlarged view at B in

[0035] Description of the reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Cutting head; 11. Cutting groove; 12. Cutting part; 13. Cutting edge; 14. Reverse groove; 15. Chip-breaking groove; 16. Forward groove; 17. Cutting blade; 2. Tool shank; 3. Mounting seat; 31. Slot; 32. Accommodating cavity; 33. Mounting groove; 4. Positioning component; 41. Wedge block 1; 42. Connecting rod 1; 43. Wedge block 2; 44. Limiting plate 1; 45. Limiting plate 2; 46. Connecting rod 2; 47. Wedge block 3; 48. Wedge block 4; 49. Limiting groove; 50. Limiting rod; 51. Wedge block 5; 53. Connecting rod 3; 54. Wedge block 6; 56. Positioning groove; 57. Inserting rod; 58. Inserting column; 59. Inserting groove; 60. Spring 1; 61. Spring 2; 62. Spring 3; 63. Pressing groove; 64. Pressing spring; 65. Connecting plate; 66. Pushing block; 67. Pressing block; 68. Fixing groove; 69. Baffle; 70. Mounting hole; 71. Reverse edge. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following further elaborates on this application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] An embodiment of this application discloses a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials. Referring to Figure 1 , the drill bit for drilling aerospace materials includes an integrally formed cutting head 1 and a tool shank 2. In this embodiment, the cutting head 1 and the tool shank 2 are demarcated by the dotted line in the figure. The cutting head 1 is conical, and the diameter of the cutting head 1 gradually decreases towards the end away from the tool shank 2. The apex angle of the cutting head 1 is 120°, which can reduce the resistance during the drilling process and facilitate drilling holes in the plate. One or more cutting grooves 11 are provided on the outer wall of the cutting head 1. Specifically, there are two in this embodiment, and the two cutting grooves 11 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the cutting head 1. The cutting grooves 11 divide the cutting head 1 into two cutting parts 12, and a cutting edge 13 is formed between the outer wall of the cutting part 12 and the inner wall of the cutting groove 11. During the process of the cutting head 1 rotating and drilling downward, since the diameter of the cutting head 1 continuously increases, the cutting head 1 enlarges the diameter of the drilled hole. The cutting edge 13 contacts the inner wall of the drilled hole of the plate, and can remove the burrs generated during the drilling process, improving the drilling accuracy.

[0039] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, more than one reverse groove 14 is formed on the outer wall of the cutting part 12, and the reverse grooves 14 are arranged spirally along the axial direction of the cutter head 1. Assuming that the drilling direction of the drill bit is clockwise, the spiral direction of the reverse groove 14 is opposite to the cutting direction of the drill bit, which is counterclockwise. A reverse cutting edge 71 is formed between the inner wall of the reverse groove 14 and the outer wall of the cutting part 12. During the downward drilling process of the cutter head 1, the reverse cutting edge 71 can suppress the burrs generated during the drilling process. More than one chip-breaking groove 15 is formed on the cutting part 12, and the chip-breaking grooves 15 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the cutter head 1. The chip-breaking grooves 15 extend from the edge of the cutting part 12 towards the side close to the axis of the cutter head 1, and the chip-breaking grooves 15 communicate with the cutting groove 11. The chip-breaking grooves 15 can cut off the cut chips, and try to prevent the waste chips from spirally winding around the cutter head 1, which affects the cutting effect of the cutter head 1. The reverse groove 14 communicates with the cutting groove 11, and the waste chips generated by drilling can enter the cutting groove 11 along the reverse groove 14 and then be discharged from the cutting groove 11, which is convenient for chip removal, and the waste materials are not easily blocked in the reverse groove 14 and the cutting groove 11.

[0040] Refer to Figure 3 , more than one forward groove 16 is formed on the outer wall of each cutting part 12, and the forward grooves 16 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the cutter head 1, and the forward grooves 16 are formed along the radial direction of the cutter head 1. A cutting edge 17 is formed between the inner wall of the forward groove 16 and the cutting part 12. During the downward drilling process of the cutter head 1, since the cutter head 1 is conical, the cutter head 1 gradually enlarges the drilled hole. During the hole enlargement process, the cutting edge 17 can cut off the generated burrs, thereby improving the drilling accuracy. The reverse groove 14 communicates with the forward groove 16, so that the cut chips can enter the reverse groove 14 from the forward groove 16 and then enter the cutting groove 11 from the reverse groove 14, which is convenient for discharging the waste chips and tries to prevent the waste chips from being blocked in the forward groove 16 and the reverse groove 14.

[0041] Refer to Figure 3 , the depression depth of the cutting groove 11 is greater than the depression depths of the forward groove 16 and the reverse groove 14. During the cutting process, on the one hand, it can increase the chip capacity and try to prevent the cutting groove 11 from being blocked, and on the other hand, it can suppress the scattering of the chips and play a protective role for the operator.

[0042] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The embodiment of the present application also discloses a mounting structure of a drill bit for drilling aerospace materials, including a mounting seat 3, which is arranged at the end of the shank 2 away from the cutter head 1. A slot 31 for inserting the shank 2 is provided on the mounting seat 3, and the inner wall of the slot 31 is in contact with the outer wall of the shank 2. A receiving cavity 32 for receiving the shank 2 is provided in the mounting seat 3, and an external thread is provided at the end of the shank 2 away from the cutter head 1, and an internal thread is provided in the receiving cavity 32. The direction in which the external thread and the internal thread are tightened is opposite to the rotary cutting direction of the cutter head 1, so that when the drill bit is drilling, the connection between the shank 2 and the mounting seat 3 is tighter.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 , a mounting groove 33 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting seat 3, and a positioning assembly 4 for positioning the handle 2 is provided in the mounting groove 33. The positioning assembly 4 is specifically two groups in this embodiment. The positioning assembly 4 includes a wedge block 1 41, a connecting rod 1 42 and a wedge block 2 43. A limiting plate 1 44 is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting groove 33, and the connecting rod 1 42 penetrates the limiting plate 1 44. The connecting rod 1 42 is arranged perpendicular to the axis direction of the handle 2. The wedge block 1 41 is fixed to the end of the connecting rod 1 42 facing the handle 2, and the wedge block 2 43 is fixed to the end of the connecting rod 1 42 away from the handle 2. A limiting plate 2 45 is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting groove 33, and a connecting rod 2 46 is penetrated in the limiting plate 2 45. A wedge block 3 47 is fixed to the end of the connecting rod 2 46 close to the wedge block 2 43, and a wedge block 4 48 is fixed to the other end. The surface of wedge block 2 43 facing wedge block 3 47 is an inclined surface, and the surface of wedge block 3 47 facing wedge block 2 43 is an inclined surface, and the two inclined surfaces can fit together. Wedge block 48 is a prism-shaped, and the four side walls of wedge block 48 are all inclined surfaces. A limiting groove 49 is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove 33, and a limiting rod 50 runs through the limiting groove 49. The limiting rod 50 is slidably installed in the limiting groove 49, and a wedge block 51 is fixed to one end of the limiting rod 50 close to the wedge block 48. The surface of wedge block 51 facing the side of wedge block 4 48 is an inclined surface, and wedge block 51 can fit together with the side wall of wedge block 4 48. A fixing groove 68 is provided on the side wall of the handle 2, and the fixing groove 68 is used for the limiting rod 50 to be inserted to fix the handle 2.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The tool handle 2 pushes wedge block 1 41 into the installation groove 33, wedge block 2 43 pushes wedge block 3 47 and wedge block 4 48, wedge block 4 48 pushes wedge block 51 and limiting rod 50, and pushes limiting rod 50 out of the installation groove 33, so that the limiting rod 50 is inserted into the fixing groove 68, so as to further fix the tool handle 2 and avoid shaking of the tool handle 2 during the drilling process.

[0045] Reference Figure 5, a first connecting rod 42 is sleeved with a first spring 60. One end of the first spring 60 contacts with the first wedge 41, and the other end contacts with the first limiting plate 44. A second connecting rod 46 is sleeved with a second spring 61. One end of the second spring 61 contacts with the third wedge 47, and the other end contacts with the second limiting plate 45. A limiting rod 50 is sleeved with a third spring 62. One end of the third spring 62 contacts with the inner wall of the installation groove 33, and the other end contacts with the fifth wedge 51. The first spring 60, the second spring 61 and the third spring 62 can drive all the wedges to reset, facilitating the installation and disassembly of the tool handle 2.

[0046] Referring to Figure 6 , a pressing groove 63 is formed on the side wall of the tool handle 2 close to the installation base 3. A connecting plate 65 and a pressing spring 64 are installed in the pressing groove 63. One end of the pressing spring 64 is fixed to the inner wall of the pressing groove 63, and the other end is fixed to the connecting plate 65. The connecting plate 65 is U-shaped. A pushing block 66 is fixed to one end of the connecting plate 65 close to the first wedge 41, and a pressing block 67 is fixed to the other end. The side wall of the pushing block 66 facing the first wedge 41 is inclined, and the first wedge 41 can be attached to the pushing block 66.

[0047] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , when the pressing block 67 is pressed, the pushing block 66 is driven by the connecting plate 65 to contract into the pressing groove 63. The tool handle 2 is inserted into the slot 31, and the tool handle 2 is rotated in the reverse direction of the rotary cutting direction. When the rotating handle is tightened with the inner wall of the installation groove 33, the pressing block 67 is released. The elastic coefficient of the pressing spring 64 is greater than that of the first spring 60, the second spring 61 and the third spring 62. The pressing spring 64 resets, pushing the pushing block 66 outwards away from the pressing groove 63, so that the pushing block 66 pushes the first wedge 41. The first wedge 41 drives the second wedge 43 to move, the second wedge 43 drives the third wedge 47 to move, the third wedge 47 drives the fourth wedge 48 to move, and the fourth wedge 48 drives the fifth wedge 51 to move. Combining Figure 4 , the limiting rod 50 is thus pushed towards the tool handle 2, so that the limiting rod 50 is inserted into the fixing groove 68 to limit the tool handle 2.

[0048] Referring to Figure 4 and Figure 5, an installation hole 70 is formed in the side wall of the mounting base 3 facing the tool handle 2. A third connecting rod 53 is slidably installed in the installation hole 70. One end of the third connecting rod 53 close to the second wedge block 43 is fixed with a sixth wedge block 54. The side wall of the sixth wedge block 54 facing the second wedge block 43 is an inclined surface. The cross-section of the second wedge block 43 is trapezoidal. The side wall of the second wedge block 43 facing the sixth wedge block 54 is an inclined surface. The second wedge block 43 can contact the sixth wedge block 54. The other end of the third connecting rod 53 away from the sixth wedge block 54 is fixed with a baffle 69, and the baffle 69 is annular. When the first connecting rod 42 moves away from the tool handle 2, the second wedge block 43 can push the third connecting rod 53 along the axial direction of the tool handle 2, thereby pushing the baffle 69 towards the pressing block 67, covering the pressing block 67 with the baffle 69, blocking the pressing block 67, and thus minimizing the risk of accidental contact with the pressing block 67 and protecting the pressing block 67.

[0049] The implementation principle of the embodiment of this application is as follows: Press the pressing block 67, insert the tool handle 2 into the receiving cavity 32, and rotate the tool handle 2 to thread the tool handle 2 with the mounting base 3. Release the pressing block 67, and the pressing block 67 pushes the first wedge block 41 and the second wedge block 43 away from the tool handle 2. The second wedge block 43 drives the third wedge block 47 and the fourth wedge block 48 to move. The fourth wedge block 48 drives the fifth wedge block 51 and the limiting rod 50 to move, so that the limiting rod 50 is inserted into the fixing groove 68 to further position the tool handle 2. At the same time, the second wedge block 43 pushes the sixth wedge block 54, pushing the baffle 69 towards the pressing block 67, so that the baffle 69 covers the surface of the pressing block 67, thereby minimizing the risk of accidental contact with the pressing block 67.

[0050] When the tool handle 2 needs to be removed, hold the pressing block 67 and push the baffle 69 towards the installation groove 33. The third spring 62 pushes the fifth wedge block 51 to reset. The fifth wedge block 51 pushes the fourth wedge block 48 and the third wedge block 47 to reset. The third wedge block 47 pushes the second wedge block 43 and the first wedge block 41 to reset. Then rotate the tool handle 2 to facilitate the removal of the tool handle 2.

[0051] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. Without restricting the protection scope of this application accordingly, therefore: Any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application shall be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An installation structure for a drill bit used for drilling aerospace materials, characterized in that: A mounting seat (3) is provided at one end of the knife handle (2) facing away from the knife head (1), a slot (31) for inserting the knife handle (2) is provided on the mounting seat (3), an annular groove (52) is provided at one end of the knife handle (2) facing away from the knife head (1), a mounting groove (33) is provided in the mounting seat (3), and a positioning component (4) for positioning the knife handle (2) is provided in the mounting groove (33); The positioning assembly (4) comprises a wedge block (41), a connecting rod (42) and a wedge block (43); a limiting plate (44) is installed in the installation groove (33); the connecting rod (42) passes through the limiting plate (44); the connecting rod (42) is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the knife handle (2); the wedge block (41) is arranged at one end of the connecting rod (42); the wedge block (43) is arranged at the other end of the connecting rod (42); a limiting plate (45) is also arranged in the installation groove (33); a connecting rod (46) is passed through the limiting plate (45); ), one end of the connecting rod 2 (46) is provided with a wedge block 3 (47), the other end of the connecting rod 2 (46) is provided with a wedge block 4 (48), the side wall of the wedge block 2 (43) facing the wedge block 3 (47) is an inclined surface, a limiting groove (49) is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove (33), a limiting rod (50) passes through the limiting groove (49), a wedge block 5 (51) is provided at one end of the limiting rod (50) close to the wedge block 4 (48), the surface of the wedge block 5 (51) facing the side of the wedge block 4 (48) is an inclined surface, and the wedge block 5 (51) is in contact with the wedge block 4 (48); A pressing groove (63) is provided on the side wall of the knife handle (2), and a connecting plate (65) and a pressing spring (64) are provided in the pressing groove (63). One end of the pressing spring (64) is connected to the inner wall of the pressing groove (63), and the other end is connected to the connecting plate (65). One end of the connecting plate (65) is provided with a pressing block (67), and the other end is provided with a pushing block (66). The pushing block (66) is arranged on a side close to the wedge block (41), and the pushing block (66) is used to push the wedge block (41) toward the side of the mounting groove (33); A mounting hole (70) is provided on the side wall of the mounting seat (3) facing the knife handle (2), and a connecting rod three (53) is slidably installed in the mounting hole (70). A wedge block six (54) is provided at one end of the connecting rod three (53) close to the wedge block two (43), and the side wall of the wedge block six (54) facing the side of the wedge block two (43) is an inclined surface. The wedge block two (43) is used to push the wedge block six (54) to move toward the side close to the pressing block (67). A baffle plate (69) is provided at one end of the connecting rod three (53) away from the wedge block six (54), and the baffle plate (69) is annular and used to cover the pressing block (67).

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