Impact-resistant composite layer structure and method of manufacture and use thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure, its manufacturing method, and its applications. The composite layer structure is a three-layer sandwich structure, including a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer, and a shape memory alloy layer disposed therebetween. The shape memory alloy layer serves as the core plate, forming a composite plate with a sandwich structure. The first and second metal protective layers are composed of one or more metal plates spliced ​​together, with a thickness of 5–30 mm. The shape memory alloy layer is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous mesh structure, comprising multiple overlapping circular shape memory alloy structures arranged in an alternating pattern, with a thickness of 10–80 mm. The composite layer structure disclosed in this invention has advantages such as high strength, high hardness, high toughness, low density, and low cost, maximizing the dispersion of impact energy and greatly improving its protective capability. It can be widely used in the protection of weapon armor and space products such as spacecraft, providing effective protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of weapon armor and space product protection technology. More particularly, it relates to an impact-resistant composite layer structure and its manufacturing method and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, weapons and equipment have developed rapidly, and new protective materials and technologies have also been widely applied. The level of protection technology largely determines the survivability of weapon systems and space products such as spacecraft, and a good performance protection system can effectively protect the safety of various equipment and personnel. The impact-resistant structure is a key technology for armor protection and anti-space debris impact, and the design and materials of the protective structure greatly affect the final protection capability of the system.

[0003] Currently, the key to the impact resistance of high-performance bulletproof armor engineering is its impact penetration resistance. Traditional ceramic composite bulletproof plates usually use hard ceramic as the faceplate and ductile metal or fiber-reinforced resin composite as the backplate. The faceplate and backplate are first formed separately, and then the faceplate and backplate are bonded together using adhesive. However, since ceramic is a brittle material, when the bulletproof plate is impacted by a high-speed bullet, the ceramic plate as the direct bullet impact surface is easily broken and detached after being impacted by the bullet, resulting in failure of the bulletproof plate, thereby affecting its multi-impact resistance. In addition, after the bulletproof plate is impacted by a high-speed bullet, it will deform, and the large impact force can easily cause a decrease in the local bulletproof capability, thereby affecting the overall bulletproof capability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of composite layer structure that can disperse the kinetic energy of bullets and space debris when resisting penetration, quickly transfer the kinetic energy layer by layer to the surrounding area, reduce the impact on the local bulletproof plate, and is particularly important for improving the protection capability of weapon armor and spacecraft. SUMMARY

[0005] Based on the above defects, the first object of the present application is to provide an impact-resistant composite layer structure. The composite layer structure has high strength, high hardness, high toughness, low density, low cost and other advantages. The shape memory alloy in the shape memory alloy layer can better withstand the impact force and disperse it to other parts, avoiding excessive impact load that can damage the protection system. The first metal protection layer and the second metal protection layer can further improve the impact resistance of the material. Therefore, the impact penetration resistance of the composite layer structure is stronger than that of traditional bulletproof materials.

[0006] The second object of the present application is to provide a method for manufacturing the composite layer structure as described above.

[0007] The third object of the present application is to provide an application of the composite layer structure as described above to the field of weapon armor and space product protection.

[0008] To achieve the first object, the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] The present application provides an impact-resistant composite layer structure, which is a three-layer sandwich structure comprising a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer and a shape memory alloy layer arranged therebetween; the shape memory alloy layer serves as a core plate to form a sandwich structure composite plate.

[0010] The first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are spliced from one or more metal plates, and the thickness is 5-30 mm.

[0011] The shape memory alloy layer is configured as a three-dimensional continuous net structure, which comprises a plurality of shape memory alloy circular structures that are staggered and overlapped with each other, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-80 mm.

[0012] In view of the poor anti-multiple impact performance and easy deformation of the ceramic in the prior art, the present application improves the internal structure of the protective armor, further improves the performance such as impact resistance of the material from the macroscopic design, and combines some excellent materials researched at present, so that the armored material composed of the materials has better impact damage resistance.

[0013] In the present application, the shape memory alloy is configured as a three-dimensional continuous net structure, and the shape memory alloy circular structures that are overlapped with each other are connected together in layers, with a half circle (arch bridge) as an impact dispersion unit. This structure design is beneficial to the rapid dispersion and transmission of impact energy at the contact point, and the stress is transmitted along the fibers and to other circular structures connected thereto. In this way, the impact force is transmitted among the fibers above, below, left and right in turn, which can better disperse the impact force locally borne to other parts, avoid excessive concentrated impact load to damage the armor, and further improve the impact resistance of the material in cooperation with the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer. In addition, the three-layer sandwich structure and the three-dimensional staggered net structure can change the direction of the impact jet to a certain extent, and weaken the penetration and penetration effect of the armor-piercing bullet.

[0014] Further, the overlapping area of the shape memory alloy circular structures accounts for 1 / 18-2 / 5 of the entire circular area.

[0015] Further, the total overlapping area of the shape memory alloy circular structure and the shape memory alloy circular structure overlapping with the periphery thereof accounts for 1 / 3-3 / 4 of the entire circular area.

[0016] Further, the radius of the shape memory alloy circular structure is 2-40 mm.

[0017] Further, the shape memory alloy layer is made of a shape memory alloy such as a nickel-titanium alloy, a copper-nickel-titanium alloy, an iron-nickel-titanium alloy, or a nickel-titanium-silicon alloy; the shape memory alloy has the advantages of good mechanical properties, high elastic strain, strong shape recovery ability, and good impact toughness, and forms a three-dimensional interlaced network structure after heat treatment; preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of a nickel-titanium alloy, and the proportion of nickel and titanium is 1:1; preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of a nickel-titanium-silicon alloy, and the proportion of nickel, titanium, and silicon is 1:1:1.

[0018] Further, in order to further improve the impact resistance of the composite layer structure, the shape memory alloy layer can also be filled with an energy-absorbing material according to application needs; the energy-absorbing material includes but is not limited to foamed aluminum or high-performance fibers treated by impregnated resin; the foamed aluminum has the characteristics of light weight, high specific stiffness, high damping shock-absorbing performance, and impact energy absorption rate, and the outer layer is further clamped with a metal plate or other composite material plate with high specific stiffness to form a foamed aluminum sandwich plate structure with significant energy-absorbing effect, which can more effectively improve the blast and shock wave resistance of the equipment; the high-performance fibers have the characteristics of high specific strength and high specific modulus, and also have the excellent fracture toughness and impact resistance of metal plates, can provide good rigid support, reduce the deformation of the composite structure bulletproof plate, and improve the protection ability.

[0019] Further, the high-performance fibers include but are not limited to one or more of carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers; and the resin includes but is not limited to one of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylate, phenolic resin, or polyvinyl acetal.

[0020] Further, the metal plate is pressed from one or more of titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium-lithium alloy, ceramic, or non-metallic composite material; for example, the non-metallic composite material can be carbon fiber composite material, etc.

[0021] Further, the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 10-20 mm; preferably, the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-50 mm.

[0022] To achieve the above-mentioned second object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0023] The application discloses a method for manufacturing the composite layer structure as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0024] a. Preparing a shape memory alloy layer

[0025] Selecting shape memory alloy, heat treated at 300-600 DEG C to form a shape memory alloy layer with super-elasticity and three-dimensional continuous net structure as a core plate, standby;

[0026] b. preparing a first metal protective layer and a second metal protective layer

[0027] Cut the metal plate into regular size, and tightly adhere by adhesive to ensure the flatness of the surface splicing, standby;

[0028] c. composite layer structure assembly

[0029] The shape memory alloy layer, the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer obtained in steps a and b are assembled, and the energy-absorbing material is added or not added in the shape memory alloy layer, and the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are bonded on both sides of the shape memory alloy layer by adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure.

[0030] To achieve the above-mentioned third object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0031] The application discloses a composite layer structure as a bulletproof plate in the field of weapon armor protection or as an impact-resistant material in a spacecraft.

[0032] The application has the following advantages:

[0033] The application discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure and a manufacturing method and application thereof. In the application, the shape memory alloy is constructed into a three-dimensional continuous net structure, and the shape memory alloy circular structures overlapping with each other are connected together layer by layer in a longitudinal and transverse manner. The design of the structure is beneficial to the rapid dispersion and transmission of impact energy at the contact points, and has the following advantages compared with the prior art.

[0034] 1. Dispersing impact force and avoiding concentrated load. For the good impact resistance required by weapon armor materials, the three-dimensional net structure adopted in the application takes a half circle (arch bridge) as an impact dispersion unit, which is similar to the ancient arch bridge structure. The concentrated load is first dispersed to the entire arch structure, and then the stress of the arch structure is dispersed to the surrounding small arch structures through the nodes of the three-dimensional net connection structure, so that the impact load is continuously diffused upward, downward, leftward and rightward, achieving the effect of dispersing impact.

[0035] 2. The light energy-absorbing material is used in cooperation to further improve the energy-absorbing and impact-resistant performance of the material, and reduce the density of the material.

[0036] 3. Change the direction of the jet, block the penetration of the armor-piercing bullet or high-speed fragments into the protection system. Due to the three-layer sandwich structure, the adjacent layers of materials are different, and the middle layer is also laid with a three-dimensional net structure. The direction of the jet produced by the impact will change, and the penetration of the material will also be weakened. The penetration of the armor-piercing bullet or high-speed fragments will also be blocked to a certain extent.

[0037] 4. Similar to the structure of reinforced concrete, the strength of the composite material can be further increased. The laying of the fiber net is equivalent to adding reinforcement to the composite material, which can effectively enhance the strength of the material.

[0038] In summary, the composite layer structure can effectively disperse the impact force locally, and to a certain extent, change the direction of the impact jet, weaken the penetration and penetration of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 A conceptual diagram of the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0041] Figure 2 A front view of the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0042] Figure 3 A top view of the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0043] Figure 4 A left view of the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy layer in the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the force propagation of the composite layer structure of the present application is shown.

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy layer is shown Figure 1 .

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy layer is shown Figure 2 .

[0048] Reference signs: 1 first metal protection layer, 2 second metal protection layer, 3 shape memory alloy layer, 4 shape memory alloy, 5 energy-absorbing material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the present application, the present application will be further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Like components are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific description below is illustrative rather than limiting, and should not limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] The present embodiment discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure, referring to Figures 1-5 The composite layer structure is a three-layer sandwich structure, comprising a first metal protective layer 1, a second metal protective layer 2 and a shape memory alloy layer 3; the shape memory alloy layer 3 is arranged between the first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2, and the shape memory alloy layer 3 serves as a core plate to form a composite plate of sandwich structure.

[0052] The first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2 are pressed from a metal plate, and the metal plate is made of magnesium-lithium alloy with a thickness of 10 mm.

[0053] Figure 5 The present embodiment discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure, referring to The shape memory alloy layer 3 is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous network structure, which is composed of a plurality of shape memory alloys 4 in contact with each other, and is filled with foamed aluminum or high-performance fibers treated with impregnated resin around to enhance its impact resistance. The thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 30 mm, and the shape memory alloy is nickel-titanium alloy with a nickel-titanium ratio of 1:1.

[0054] In the design of the shape memory alloy layer, the shape memory alloy is designed in a circular shape, with a half circle (arch bridge) as an impact capacity dispersion unit. The overlapping area of any two adjacent shape memory alloys in a circular state accounts for 0.18 of the entire circular area, and the total overlapping area of the shape memory alloy in the arbitrary circular structure and the surrounding shape memory alloy accounts for 0.72 of the entire circular area. The radius of the shape memory alloy in the circular state is 14 mm.

[0055] The first metal protective layer 1, the second metal protective layer 2 and the shape memory alloy layer 3 are assembled, and the energy-absorbing material foamed aluminum is added to the shape memory alloy layer 3. The first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2 are bonded on both sides of the shape memory alloy layer 3 by adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure.

[0056] Figure 6To simulate the force propagation diagram of the composite layer structure of the present application, when the impact ability of the outside is transmitted to the surface of the composite layer structure, the energy at the impact point will be quickly transmitted to the surrounding shape memory alloy by the adjacent arch-shaped shape memory alloy, achieving the dispersion of the impact energy, and cooperating with the filled energy-absorbing material to attenuate the energy.

[0057] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The shape memory alloy layer under two different design configurations is shown, which provides a structure design idea for researchers, and those skilled in the art can further adjust the stacking mode of the shape memory alloy according to the experimental needs.

[0058] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present application are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, on the basis of the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can also be made, and it is impossible to enumerate all the embodiments here. Any obvious changes or variations derived from the technical solutions of the present application are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Use of a composite layer structure that is resistant to impacts as a ballistic protection panel in the field of weapon armouring or as an impact protection material in spacecraft, characterised in that, The composite layer structure is a three-layer sandwich structure, comprising a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer, and a shape memory alloy layer arranged between the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer; the shape memory alloy layer serves as a core plate to form a sandwich structure composite plate; The first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are spliced from one or more metal plates, and have a thickness of 10-20 mm; The shape memory alloy layer is configured as a three-dimensional continuous network structure; the three-dimensional continuous network structure comprises a plurality of shape memory alloy circular structures that are staggered in the plane and depth directions and overlap with each other, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-50 mm; The overlapping area of any two overlapping shape memory alloy circular structures accounts for 1 / 18-2 / 5 of the entire circular area; The total overlapping area of any one shape memory alloy circular structure and the shape memory alloy circular structures overlapping with it accounts for 1 / 3-3 / 4 of the entire circular area; The radius of the shape memory alloy circular structure is 2-40 mm; The shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium alloy, copper-nickel-titanium alloy, iron-nickel-titanium alloy, or nickel-titanium-silicon alloy; The shape memory alloy layer is also filled with energy-absorbing materials; the energy-absorbing materials include foamed aluminum or high-performance fibers treated with resin.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium alloy, and the proportion of nickel and titanium is 1:

1.

3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium-silicon alloy, and the proportion of nickel, titanium, and silicon is 1:1:

1.

4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-performance fibers include one or more of carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers; The resin is selected from one of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylate, phenolic resin, or polyvinyl acetal.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal plate is pressed from one or more of titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium-lithium alloy, ceramic, or non-metallic composite material.

6. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the impact-resistant composite layer structure comprises the following steps: a. Preparing a shape memory alloy layer Select a shape memory alloy, heat treat it at 300-600°C to prepare a shape memory alloy layer with super-elasticity and a three-dimensional continuous network structure, which serves as a core plate and is ready for use; b. Preparing a first metal protective layer and a second metal protective layer Cut the metal plate into regular sizes, and tightly adhere them together through an adhesive to ensure the flatness of the surface, and make them ready for use; c. Assembling the composite layer structure Assemble the shape memory alloy layer, the first metal protective layer, and the second metal protective layer obtained in steps a and b, respectively, add energy-absorbing materials to the shape memory alloy layer, and bond the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer to the two sides of the shape memory alloy layer through an adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure.

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