Networked monitoring system for nitrogen leaching at different depths of farmland soil

Abstract

The application provides a farmland soil different depth leaching nitrogen networking monitoring system, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing soil leaching nitrogen monitoring needs field sampling, laboratory analysis and cannot be monitored online. The application comprises a networking monitoring cloud platform and multiple sampling wells for extracting nitrogen leaching solution of different soil depths under different plots in farmland cultivation areas, hillside areas and planting and breeding combination areas. At least two sampling wells are connected with a monitoring station, multiple monitoring stations are connected with the networking monitoring cloud platform through wireless communication or optical fiber communication, and the networking monitoring cloud platform is connected with an intelligent mobile device. The application simplifies the sampling method of soil leaching nitrogen, obtains the leaching nitrogen solution of different soil depths in time, and automatically transports the leaching nitrogen solution to a detection unit for on-site detection to obtain real-time monitoring data. The sampling of soil leaching nitrogen is automatically started by soil moisture content data, which greatly saves the cost of manual sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of networked monitoring, and in particular to a networked monitoring system for leached nitrogen at different depths in farmland soil. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for sampling nitrogen leaching fluid in soil include the seepage pool method, field soil column method, clay suction cup method, water collection trough method, and gravity-flow field soil leaching in-situ detection method. These methods have the following problems: (1) The seepage pool method requires digging trenches to collect samples, which involves a large amount of construction and high costs. (2) The field soil column method requires applying negative pressure to draw soil leaching fluid into the sampling bottle, which changes the soil water flow field and makes it impossible to accurately calculate the actual leaching flux in the field. (3) The clay suction cup method can only collect soil solution at a certain point, and multiple collectors are needed to extract soil solution from the soil cross section, which greatly increases the cost. (4) The water collection trough method requires digging the soil above the trough, which disrupts the natural state of soil water movement. (5) The gravity-flow field soil leaching in-situ detection method requires field excavation, backfilling, and installation of leaching trays, and the soil leaching fluid can only flow out when the soil moisture content reaches saturation. After sampling, the above methods still require laboratory analysis and testing.

[0003] Utility model patent application number 202220327022.9 discloses an automatic intelligent monitoring station for underground leaching of non-point source pollution in farmland, including a sampling component and an adjustment component. The sampling component includes the main body of the monitoring station, and the adjustment component includes a mounting plate, a fixing plate, a slide groove, a slider, a connecting seat, a water pump, an electric cylinder, a connecting plate, a connecting rod, a mounting seat, a water pump, and a hose. Two fixing plates are symmetrically welded to the upper surface of the mounting plate, and slide grooves are opened on adjacent sides of the two fixing plates. The bottom wall of the monitoring station main body of this utility model is equipped with a total phosphorus analyzer and a total nitrogen analyzer, respectively. An industrial control computer is installed on one side of the internal part of the monitoring station main body, which facilitates the aggregation of data obtained from the total phosphorus and total nitrogen analyzers to the industrial control computer. The industrial control computer then transmits the data to a cloud platform via the Internet, completing the entire process of automatic data collection. The data is authentic and reliable, requiring no human intervention and unaffected by human factors, thus improving the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring work. However, this utility model patent does not involve a method for extracting leachate from soil; the purpose of moving the pumping pipe up and down is to extract more leachate from the container, indicating that its test system consumes more leachate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that existing soil leaching nitrogen monitoring requires on-site sampling and laboratory analysis, and cannot be conducted online, this invention proposes a networked monitoring system for leaching nitrogen at different depths in farmland soil. This system enables long-term automatic monitoring by directly extracting small amounts of leaching fluid from the soil for on-site sampling, on-site analysis and detection, and wireless (or fiber optic) transmission of the detection results.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a networked monitoring system for leached nitrogen at different depths in farmland soil, comprising a networked monitoring cloud platform and sampling wells constructed in multiple different plots in farmland cultivation areas, hillside areas, and integrated crop-livestock areas to extract nitrogen leaching fluid at different soil depths. At least two sampling wells are connected to a monitoring station, and multiple monitoring stations are respectively connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform via wireless communication or fiber optic communication. The networked monitoring cloud platform is connected to a smart mobile device.

[0006] Preferably, the smart mobile device includes a computer, a smartphone, and / or a tablet computer, all of which are connected to a network monitoring cloud platform via a network.

[0007] Preferably, the computer, smartphone, and tablet are equipped with a monitoring application unit that matches the network monitoring cloud platform. The monitoring application unit includes an identity authentication module, a real-time display module, an asynchronous query module, a parameter setting module, and a remote operation module.

[0008] Preferably, the networked monitoring cloud platform includes a data storage service module, a data push service module, a data query service module, a data analysis and calculation service module, and a remote operation service module. The data query service module is matched with the asynchronous query module in the monitoring application unit, the remote operation module is matched with the remote operation service module, and the real-time display module is matched with the data push service module.

[0009] Preferably, the monitoring station includes a microprocessor board, which is connected to a networked monitoring cloud platform and a sampling well via communication interfaces. The microprocessor board is also connected to a display screen, a quantification component for the leachate, a reaction auxiliary component, a photoelectric detection module, an environmental parameter measurement unit, and an environmental parameter control unit. The reaction auxiliary component is located at the bottom of the chemical reaction chamber, and it agitates the mixture in the chamber to ensure complete reaction between the leachate and the reagent. The photoelectric detection module is located outside the chemical reaction chamber, which is connected to a waste liquid recovery component. The microprocessor board monitors environmental parameters in real time via the environmental parameter measurement unit and periodically uploads them to the networked monitoring cloud platform for storage and querying by smart mobile devices. If environmental parameters exceed the values ​​stored on the microprocessor board, the environmental parameter control unit is activated to control the environmental parameters within a set range.

[0010] Preferably, the communication interface includes a wireless communication module, an optical fiber communication module, and several RS485 communication modules. The wireless communication module and the optical fiber communication module are connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform, and the RS485 communication modules are connected to the sampling well.

[0011] Preferably, the rinsing solution quantification component is connected to the reagent assembly, and the rinsing solution quantification component extracts the reagents required for the reaction from the reagent assembly and delivers them to the chemical reaction chamber; the reaction auxiliary component is connected to the washing solution component, and after the detection is completed, the washing solution component cleans the test channels of the rinsing solution quantification component, the chemical reaction chamber and the photoelectric detection module, and sends the waste liquid to the waste liquid recovery component for storage.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling well includes a sampling control circuit board, which is connected to a soil moisture sensor, an RS485 communication module, a sampling component, and a peristaltic pump. The sampling component is matched with a clay tube, and the clay tube and the soil moisture sensor are installed in the soil outside the sampling well. The sampling component is equipped with a liquid level sensor, which is connected to the sampling control circuit board. The sampling component is connected to the leachate quantification component of the monitoring station via the peristaltic pump. The RS485 communication module is matched with the RS485 communication module of the monitoring station.

[0013] Preferably, the sampling well is equipped with a soil temperature sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The temperature and humidity sensor is located inside the sampling well, and the soil temperature sensor is located in the soil near the clay pipe. Both the soil temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are connected to the sampling control circuit board.

[0014] Preferably, the environmental parameter control unit of the monitoring station is equipped with ventilation equipment, which is connected to the sampling well via a pipe.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: one monitoring station can connect to multiple underground sampling wells to obtain leaching solutions at different soil depths; it simplifies the sampling method for leached nitrogen in soil, allowing for the timely acquisition of small amounts of leached nitrogen solution at different soil depths, which are then automatically transported to the detection unit for on-site testing to obtain real-time monitoring data; soil leached nitrogen sampling is automatically initiated based on soil moisture content data, requiring no manual intervention; it can also be initiated manually in real-time by sending sampling commands via smart mobile devices; and it greatly reduces the cost of manual sampling. This invention includes a monitoring station (including monitoring instruments, communication equipment, etc.) located on the farmland surface and multiple leached nitrogen sampling wells located underground in different fields. Multi-field, multi-point monitoring reduces the cost of using monitoring instruments, and the leached nitrogen sampling wells located underground in the farmland do not affect mechanized farming. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the principle of a smart mobile device.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the monitoring application unit.

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the principle of the networked monitoring cloud platform.

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the monitoring station.

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the principle block diagram of the sampling well.

[0024] In the diagram, 1 represents a smart mobile device, 11 a computer, 12 a smartphone, and 13 a tablet computer; 2 represents a monitoring application unit, 21 an identity authentication module, 22 a real-time display module, 23 an asynchronous query module, 24 a parameter setting module, and 25 a remote operation module; 3 represents a networked monitoring cloud platform, 31 a data storage service module, 32 a data push service module, 33 a data query service module, 34 a data analysis and calculation service module, and 35 a remote operation service module; 4 represents a monitoring station, 40 a microprocessor board, 41 a display screen, 42 a communication interface, 43 a quantification component for leachate, and 44... 45 is a chemical reaction chamber; 46 is a photoelectric detection module; 47 is a reaction auxiliary component; 48 is a waste liquid recovery component; 49 is an environmental parameter measurement unit; 40 is an environmental parameter control unit; 41 is a wireless communication module; 422 is a fiber optic communication module; 423 is an RS485 communication module; 431 is a reagent assembly; 461 is a washing liquid assembly; 5 is a sampling well; 50 is a sampling control circuit board; 51 is a soil moisture sensor; 52 is a soil temperature sensor; 53 is a sampling well temperature and humidity sensor; 54 is a liquid level sensor; 55 is an RS485 communication module; 56 is a clay tube; 57 is a sampling component; 58 is a peristaltic pump. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a networked monitoring system for leached nitrogen at different depths in farmland soil includes a networked monitoring cloud platform 3 and sampling wells 5 constructed in multiple different plots in farmland, hillside, and integrated crop-livestock areas to extract nitrogen leaching fluid at different soil depths. At least two sampling wells 5 are connected to one monitoring station 4, meaning one monitoring station 4 can monitor the measurement data from multiple sampling wells. Multiple monitoring stations 4 are connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 via wireless or fiber optic communication, enabling the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 to monitor and remotely control the data from multiple monitoring stations 4. The networked monitoring cloud platform 3 is also connected to a smart mobile device 1, allowing for remote control via the smart mobile device 1.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the smart mobile device 1 includes a computer 11, a smartphone 12, and / or a tablet computer 13. The computer 11, smartphone 12, and tablet computer 13 are all connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 via a wireless or wired network. The computer 11, smartphone 12, and tablet computer 13 can run corresponding applications and have wireless or wired communication capabilities. They can obtain monitoring data, set monitoring parameters, and perform remote operations from the corresponding services provided by the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 via the network.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the computer 11, smartphone 12, and tablet 13 are all equipped with a monitoring application unit 2 that matches the networked monitoring cloud platform 3. The computer 11, smartphone 12, and tablet 13 are connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 through the monitoring application unit 2. Figure 4 As shown, the monitoring application unit 2 includes an identity authentication module 21, a real-time display module 22, an asynchronous query module 23, a parameter setting module 24, and a remote operation module 25, which respectively realize functions such as user login, real-time data display, data query, parameter setting, and remote operation. The monitoring application unit 2 is implemented through a computer program and can run across platforms on different smart mobile devices, such as computers running Windows or Linux systems, and mobile phones or tablets running Android or HarmonyOS systems.

[0029] like Figure 5As shown, the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 consists of basic services provided by the cloud platform provider and dedicated services provided by the manufacturer. The networked monitoring cloud platform 3 includes a data storage service module 31, a data push service module 32, a data query service module 33, a data analysis and calculation service module 34, and a remote operation service module 35. These modules respectively realize functions such as cloud storage of monitoring data, automatic push of data subscribed by smart devices, querying of relevant data stored in the cloud by smart devices, statistics, analysis, and calculation of cloud-stored data, and remote operation by authorized users. The data query service module 33 matches the asynchronous query module 23 in the monitoring application unit 2, the remote operation module 25 matches the remote operation service module 35, and the real-time display module 22 matches the data push service module 32. These service functions simplify the programming of the smart mobile device, allowing the smart mobile device to become a display for the monitoring system.

[0030] like Figure 6 As shown, the monitoring station 4 includes a microprocessor board 40, which is connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 and the sampling well 5 via a communication interface 42. The communication interface 42 includes a wireless communication module 421, an optical fiber communication module 422, and several RS485 communication modules 423. The wireless communication module 421 and the optical fiber communication module 422 are connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3, providing wireless and optical fiber connections. The RS485 communication modules 423 are connected to the RS485 communication module 55 of the sampling well 5, enabling data communication with the sampling well.

[0031] The microprocessor board 40 is connected to the display screen 41, the quantification component 43, the reaction auxiliary component 46, the photoelectric detection module 45, the environmental parameter measurement unit 48, and the environmental parameter control unit 49. The display screen 41 is used to display the on-site operation and measurement interface. The quantification component 43 includes components such as an injection pump and a multi-channel rotary valve, which extracts a specified volume of leaching solution and delivers it to the chemical reaction chamber 44. The reaction auxiliary component 46 includes components such as a peristaltic pump and a solenoid valve, and is located at the bottom of the chemical reaction chamber 44. The reaction auxiliary component 46 agitates the mixture in the chemical reaction chamber 44, ensuring that the leaching solution reacts completely with the reagent. The photoelectric detection module 45 is located outside the chemical reaction chamber 44, and the chemical reaction chamber 44 is connected to the photoelectric detection module 45. Both are connected to the waste liquid recovery component 47. The chemical reaction chamber 44 is used for the chemical reaction of the leaching solution with the specified reagent. The waste liquid recovery component 47 is a waste liquid tank used to collect the solution after the reaction. The microprocessor board 40 monitors environmental parameters in real time through the environmental parameter measurement unit 48, and periodically uploads them to the data storage service module 31 of the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 for storage and query by the smart mobile device 1. If the environmental parameters exceed the values ​​stored in the microprocessor board 40, the environmental parameter control unit 49 is activated to control the environmental parameters within the set range. The environmental parameter measurement unit 48 includes a small weather station (monitoring atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, and other meteorological parameters) located outside the monitoring station 4, as well as temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, fire alarms, and other devices located inside the monitoring station 4. It records meteorological information near the monitoring station, as well as abnormal information such as temperature, humidity, smoke, and fire inside the monitoring station. The leaching solution quantification component 43 is connected to the reagent assembly 431. The reagent assembly 431 includes a multi-channel rotary valve, with each channel connected to a reagent. The microprocessor board 40 controls the multi-channel rotary valve to connect one of the reagents, and the leaching solution quantification component 43 quantitatively extracts this reagent and delivers it to the chemical reaction chamber 44. The rinsing solution quantification component 43, chemical reaction chamber 44, reaction auxiliary component 46, photoelectric detection module 45, and waste liquid recovery component 47 are all connected by pipelines. The reaction auxiliary component 46 is connected to the washing solution component 461, which is used to clean the test channels of the rinsing solution quantification component 43, chemical reaction chamber 44, and photoelectric detection module 45.

[0032] After receiving the soil nitrogen leachate from the sampling component 57 of the sampling well 5, the monitoring station 4 uses a microprocessor board 40 to control the leachate quantification component 43 to extract a specified volume of leachate and deliver it to the chemical reaction chamber 44. The microprocessor board 40 then controls the leachate quantification component 43 to extract a reagent from the reagent assembly 431 and deliver it to the chemical reaction chamber 44. The microprocessor board 40 also controls the reaction auxiliary component 46 to agitate the mixture in the chemical reaction chamber 44, ensuring complete reaction between the leachate and the reagent. Finally, the microprocessor board 40 controls the leachate quantification component 43 to sequentially extract other reagents required for the reaction from the reagent assembly 431 and deliver them to the chemical reaction chamber 44 for complete reaction with the mixture.

[0033] The microprocessor board 40 controls the reaction auxiliary component 46 to transport the fully reacted test solution in the chemical reaction chamber 44 to the photoelectric detection module 45 for spectral detection via a connecting pipe. After detection, the test solution flows into the waste liquid recovery component 47. The microprocessor board 40 analyzes the photoelectric signal output by the photoelectric detection module 45, calculates the leached nitrogen content using the calibration curve parameters stored in the microprocessor board 40, and sends it to the display screen 41 for display. At the same time, through the communication interface 42, via the wireless communication module 421 or the fiber optic communication module 422, the test results are uploaded to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 for storage, and can be queried by the intelligent mobile device 1 through the asynchronous query module 23.

[0034] After the soil leaching nitrogen test is completed, the microprocessor board 40 controls the reaction auxiliary component 46 to extract the washing liquid from the washing liquid component 461 to clean the test channel of the leaching solution quantitative component 43, chemical reaction chamber 44 and photoelectric detection module 45, and the liquid flows into the waste liquid recovery component 47 for storage. Then, it waits for the next soil nitrogen leaching solution to be sent from the sampling well to start the next test.

[0035] The microprocessor board 40 monitors the environmental parameters of the environmental parameter measurement unit 48 in real time and uploads them periodically to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 for storage and query by intelligent devices. If the environmental parameters exceed the values ​​stored in the microprocessor board 40, the environmental parameter control unit 49 is activated to control the environmental parameters within the set range. If the humidity parameter inside the sampling well exceeds the range, the ventilation equipment will be activated to reduce the humidity inside the sampling well.

[0036] like Figure 7As shown, sampling well 5 is equipped with a sampling control device. Sampling well 5 includes a sampling control circuit board 50, which is connected to a soil moisture sensor 51, an RS485 communication module 55, a sampling component 57, and a peristaltic pump 58. The sampling component 57 is connected to a clay pipe 56, which extracts nitrogen leachate from the soil. A liquid level sensor 54 is installed on the sampling component 57 and is connected to the sampling control circuit board 50. The sampling component 57 is connected to the leachate quantification component 43 of the monitoring station 4 via the peristaltic pump 58. The soil moisture sensor 51 measures the moisture content of the soil outside the sampling well, and the liquid level sensor 54 measures the liquid level of the leachate in the sampling component 57. The sampling component 57, used to extract nitrogen leachate from the soil, includes connecting pipes, a negative pressure pump, a collector, and corresponding solenoid valves. The sampling component 57 is connected via a connecting pipe to a clay pipe 56 installed in the soil outside the sampling well 4. After applying negative pressure, it extracts nitrogen leachate from the soil into a collector. The nitrogen leachate in the collector is then transported to the monitoring station 4 via a peristaltic pump 58 through a connecting pipe. A temperature and humidity sensor 53 is installed on the inner wall of the sampling well 5 to monitor the ambient temperature and humidity of the sampling well. A soil temperature sensor 52 is installed in the soil near the clay pipe 56. Both the soil temperature sensor 52 and the temperature and humidity sensor 53 are connected to the sampling control circuit board 50. The RS485 communication module 55 of the sampling well 5 is connected to the RS485 communication module 423 of the monitoring station 4 via an RS485 bus (the physical medium is optical fiber or copper cable) for data transmission.

[0037] Sampling wells 5, distributed underground in the farmland, are set at the same depth within the farmland. Horizontal openings are drilled in the walls of the sampling wells 5. A clay tube 56, a soil moisture sensor 51, and a soil temperature sensor 52 pass through these horizontal openings and extend into small horizontal holes drilled into the soil, making close contact with the soil to obtain soil moisture content and temperature parameters. Multiple horizontal openings at different depths from the ground are present in the well walls, all of which are sealed to prevent soil moisture from entering the sampling wells.

[0038] Furthermore, the sampling well 5 is equipped with a ventilation duct, which is connected to the monitoring station 4. The environmental parameter control unit 49 of the monitoring station can control the ventilation equipment to ventilate the sampling well through the ventilation duct. The temperature and humidity sensor 53 collects the ambient humidity of the sampling well in real time, and the humidity signal is transmitted to the sampling control circuit board 50, then transmitted to the microprocessor board 40 of the monitoring station 4 via the RS485 communication module 55, and displayed on the display screen 41. When the ambient humidity of the sampling well exceeds the set range, the microprocessor board 40 starts the fan in the environmental parameter control unit 49 to inject dry air into the bottom of the sampling well, thereby reducing the ambient humidity of the sampling well.

[0039] The sampling control circuit board 50 periodically monitors the output signal of the soil moisture sensor 51 at set time intervals and compares it with the soil moisture parameters set internally in the system. If the parameters are exceeded, the sampling component 57 is driven to extract soil nitrogen leachate from the soil through the clay tube 56. The liquid level sensor 54 installed on the sampling component 57 detects the liquid level change of the sampling component 57. Once the set liquid level is reached, the extraction of soil nitrogen leachate stops. The sampling control circuit board 50 then starts the peristaltic pump 58 to transport the soil nitrogen leachate to the leachate quantification component 43 of the monitoring station 4. The sampling well 5 and the monitoring station 4 are connected by a cable conduit containing a power cable, a communication cable (or optical fiber), a soil leachate delivery pipe, ventilation and drainage pipes, etc.

[0040] The temperature signal detected by the soil temperature sensor 52 is also periodically collected by the sampling control circuit board 50, transmitted to the microprocessor board 40 of the monitoring station 4, and displayed on the display screen 41. The environmental humidity signal, soil moisture signal, and soil temperature signal of the sampling well 5 are continuously uploaded by the microprocessor board 40 of the monitoring station 4 to the networked monitoring cloud platform 3 for storage and analysis, so that they can be queried by the smart mobile device 1.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A networked monitoring system for leached nitrogen at different depths in farmland soil, characterized in that, It includes a network monitoring cloud platform (3) and sampling wells (5) built in multiple different plots of land in farmland, hillside, and integrated planting and breeding areas to extract nitrogen leaching water at different soil depths. At least two sampling wells (5) are connected to a monitoring station (4). Multiple monitoring stations (4) are connected to the network monitoring cloud platform (3) through wireless communication or fiber optic communication. The network monitoring cloud platform (3) is connected to a smart mobile device (1). The monitoring station (4) includes a microprocessor board (40), which is connected to the networked monitoring cloud platform (3) and the sampling well (5) via a communication interface (42); the microprocessor board (40) is connected to a display screen (41), a quantification component for leachate (43), a reaction auxiliary component (46), a photoelectric detection module (45), an environmental parameter measurement unit (48), and an environmental parameter control unit (49); the reaction auxiliary component (46) is located at the lower part of the chemical reaction chamber (44), and the reaction auxiliary component (46) disturbs the chemical reaction chamber ( The mixture in 44) allows the leaching solution to react completely with the reagent; the photoelectric detection module (45) is set outside the chemical reaction chamber (44), and the chemical reaction chamber (44) is connected to the waste liquid recovery component (47); the microprocessor board (40) monitors the environmental monitoring parameters in real time through the environmental parameter measurement unit (48), and uploads them to the network monitoring cloud platform (3) for storage and query by smart mobile devices; if the environmental parameters exceed the environmental parameter values ​​stored in the microprocessor board (40), the environmental parameter control unit (49) is activated to control the environmental parameters within the set parameter range; The communication interface (42) includes a wireless communication module (421), an optical fiber communication module (422), and several first RS485 communication modules (423). The wireless communication module (421) and the optical fiber communication module (422) are connected to the network monitoring cloud platform (3), and the first RS485 communication modules (423) are connected to the sampling well (5). The rinsing solution quantification component (43) is connected to the reagent assembly (431). The rinsing solution quantification component (43) extracts the reagents required for the reaction from the reagent assembly (431) and delivers them to the chemical reaction chamber (44). The reaction auxiliary component (46) is connected to the washing component (461). After the detection is completed, the washing component (461) cleans the test channels of the rinsing solution quantification component (43), the chemical reaction chamber (44), and the photoelectric detection module (45), and sends the waste liquid to the waste liquid recovery component (47) for storage. The sampling well (5) includes a sampling control circuit board (50), which is connected to a soil moisture sensor (51), a second RS485 communication module (55), a sampling component (57), and a peristaltic pump (58). The sampling component (57) is matched with a clay tube (56), and the clay tube (56) and the soil moisture sensor (51) are set in the soil outside the sampling well. A liquid level sensor (54) is provided on the sampling component (57), and the liquid level sensor (54) is connected to the sampling control circuit board (50). The sampling component (57) is connected to the leaching solution quantification component (43) of the monitoring station (4) through the peristaltic pump (58). The second RS485 communication module (55) is matched with the first RS485 communication module (423) of the monitoring station (4). The sampling component (57) is used to extract nitrogen leachate from the soil, including a connecting pipe, a negative pressure pump, a liquid collector and a corresponding solenoid valve; the sampling component (57) is connected to a clay pipe (56) installed in the soil outside the sampling well (5) via the connecting pipe, and after applying negative pressure, it extracts nitrogen leachate from the soil to the liquid collector; The sampling control circuit board (50) periodically monitors the output signal of the soil moisture sensor (51) at set time intervals and compares it with the soil moisture parameters set in the system. If the parameters are exceeded, the sampling component (57) is driven to extract soil nitrogen leaching solution from the soil through the clay tube (56).

2. The farmland soil leaching nitrogen network monitoring system at different depths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smart mobile device (1) includes a computer (11), a smartphone (12) and / or a tablet computer (13), and the computer (11), smartphone (12) and tablet computer (13) are all connected to the network monitoring cloud platform (3) via the network.

3. The farmland soil leaching nitrogen network monitoring system at different depths according to claim 2, characterized in that, The computer (11), smartphone (12) and tablet (13) are each equipped with a monitoring application unit (2) that matches the network monitoring cloud platform (3). The monitoring application unit (2) includes an identity authentication module (21), a real-time display module (22), an asynchronous query module (23), a parameter setting module (24), and a remote operation module (25).

4. The farmland soil leaching nitrogen network monitoring system at different depths according to claim 3, characterized in that, The network monitoring cloud platform (3) includes a data storage service module (31), a data push service module (32), a data query service module (33), a data analysis and calculation service module (34), and a remote operation service module (35). The data query service module (33) is matched with the asynchronous query module (23) in the monitoring application unit (2), the remote operation module (25) is matched with the remote operation service module (35), and the real-time display module (22) is matched with the data push service module (32).

5. The farmland soil leaching nitrogen network monitoring system at different depths according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The sampling well (5) is equipped with a soil temperature sensor (52) and a temperature and humidity sensor (53). The temperature and humidity sensor (53) is located inside the sampling well (5), and the soil temperature sensor (52) is located in the soil near the clay pipe (56). Both the soil temperature sensor (52) and the temperature and humidity sensor (53) are connected to the sampling control circuit board (50).

6. The farmland soil leaching nitrogen network monitoring system at different depths according to claim 5, characterized in that, The environmental parameter control unit (49) of the monitoring station (4) is equipped with ventilation equipment, which is connected to the sampling well (5) through a pipe.

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