A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-frequency and high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, wherein a drill bit is connected to the lower part of a shell, and the shell is hollow inside to form a cavity; the shell includes a drainage filter screen, a supporting drainage sleeve, a fixed flow channel piston and a hammer arranged in the cavity from top to bottom; a first drainage port is provided on the drainage filter screen; the bottom of the drainage filter screen abuts against the bottom end of the supporting drainage sleeve, and a second drainage port is provided on the supporting drainage sleeve; the fixed flow channel piston is hollow inside, the upper part of the hammer is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston, and the lower part of the hammer is in contact with the upper end of the drill bit; a control slide valve and a guide sleeve are arranged inside the fixed flow channel piston; the control slide valve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston. When the drilling fluid flows, the control slide valve and the hammer are driven to slide up and down by the pressure difference, and the hammer is accelerated downward by the differential principle, the final impact velocity of the hammer is increased, the impact work is increased, the impact frequency is increased, and the purpose of high-efficiency rock breaking is achieved by high-frequency and high-impact work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil, natural gas and hot dry rock mining, and in particular to a high-frequency and high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase. Background Art

[0002] In the field of oil and gas drilling and geothermal drilling, as the wells get deeper and deeper, the rocks get harder and harder, and the borehole size gets smaller and smaller, the mechanical energy that can be transmitted from the ground is also less and less, which leads to slower and slower drilling speeds, and finally high drilling costs. In the past 100 years of drilling in the oil and gas industry, mechanical energy is still the main rock-breaking ability of drilling, supplemented by fluid. First, high-strength downhole drilling tools and reformed processes were developed to achieve effective transmission of ground power downward; in recent decades, fluid-driven downhole power drilling tools and impact drilling tools have been studied to form auxiliary power downhole. As far as impact drilling tools are concerned, they have developed from axial impact to torsional impact and axial-torsion composite impact. There are still two major problems with existing impactors. One is that the service life is not long enough, and the other is that the impact energy is not large enough. Although it has played a great role in drilling, there is still room for further improvement.

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the problem of insufficient impact energy of existing impactors, which is specifically reflected in the problems of small impact work and insufficient impact frequency, there is a need for a drilling tool that can increase the final impact velocity of the hammer, increase the impact work, increase the impact frequency, and use high-frequency and large impact work to achieve efficient rock breaking. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-frequency and large-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, so as to increase the final impact velocity of the hammer and thereby increase the impact work; at the same time, the impact frequency is increased, and the purpose of efficient rock breaking is achieved by utilizing high-frequency and large-impact work.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase comprises a shell and a drill bit; the drill bit is connected to the lower part of the shell, and a through first flow channel is provided in the drill bit; the shell is hollow inside to form a cavity; it also comprises a drainage filter screen, a support drainage sleeve, a fixed flow channel piston and a hammer arranged in the cavity from top to bottom; a first drainage port is provided on the drainage filter screen; the bottom of the drainage filter screen abuts against the bottom end of the support drainage sleeve, and a second drainage port is provided on the support drainage sleeve; the fixed flow channel piston is hollow inside, the upper part of the hammer is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston, and the lower part of the hammer is in contact with the upper end of the drill bit; a control slide valve and a guide sleeve are provided inside the fixed flow channel piston from top to bottom; the control slide valve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston; the control slide valve, the guide sleeve and the hammer are respectively provided with a second flow channel, a third flow channel and a fourth flow channel, and the first flow channel, the second flow channel, the third flow channel and the fourth flow channel are connected;

[0007] The first cavity is formed between the support and drainage sleeve and the upper part of the fixed flow passage piston; a sealing piston is provided between the lower part of the hammer and the inner wall of the housing, and the second cavity is formed between the sealing piston and the fixed flow passage piston; the third cavity is formed between the support and drainage sleeve, the upper part of the control slide valve and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston; the fourth cavity is formed between the lower part of the control slide valve and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston; the fifth cavity is formed between the guide sleeve, the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston and the hammer;

[0008] The fixed flow passage piston is provided with a normal flow passage connecting the first cavity and the second cavity; the fixed flow passage piston is provided with a through flow passage connecting the first cavity and the fifth cavity; when the control slide valve slides, the first cavity and the fifth cavity are intermittently connected through the through flow passage;

[0009] The fixed flow channel piston is provided with a first drilling fluid flow channel connecting the third cavity and the second cavity, and a second drilling fluid flow channel connecting the fourth cavity and the fifth cavity; when the hammer slides, the third cavity and the second cavity are intermittently connected through the first drilling fluid flow channel; when the hammer slides, the fifth cavity and the fourth cavity are intermittently connected through the second drilling fluid flow channel;

[0010] The control slide valve is provided with a through leakage hole. When the control slide valve slides, the leakage hole is intermittently connected with the fifth cavity through the through flow channel.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the impact hammer further includes a limiting ring for limiting the drill bit, and the limiting ring is disposed in the shell and cooperates with the inner wall of the shell.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the hammer is provided with a first step surface and a second step surface at the upper and lower parts; the effective flow area of ​​the first step surface in the second cavity is smaller than the effective flow area of ​​the second step surface in the second cavity; and a step is provided on the upper part of the hammer, when the hammer slides up and down to the corresponding position of the first drilling fluid flow channel and the step, the third cavity is connected with the second cavity through the first drilling fluid flow channel.

[0013] As a preferred implementation scheme, the outer surfaces of the upper and lower ends of the control slide valve are respectively provided with a first arc step surface and a second arc step surface; the area of ​​the first arc step surface is smaller than the area of ​​the second arc step surface.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the through flow channel includes a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel opened on the outer surface of the fixed flow channel piston, and the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel are connected through a connecting hole; the connecting hole includes a first connecting hole and a second connecting hole; the upper end of the first fluid channel is connected to the first cavity, and the lower end is connected to the first connecting hole; the upper end of the second fluid channel is connected to the second connecting hole; the lower end of the second fluid channel is connected to the fifth cavity through a regular through hole;

[0015] The outer surface of the control slide valve is provided with a groove connecting the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole; when the control slide valve slides, the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole are intermittently connected; when the control slide valve slides, the leakage hole and the second connecting hole are intermittently connected.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston is provided with a first communicating groove and a second communicating groove, the first communicating groove is connected to the lower end of the first drilling fluid flow channel; the second communicating groove is connected to the lower end of the second drilling fluid flow channel;

[0017] When the hammer slides, the first connecting groove and the second cavity are intermittently connected; when the hammer slides, the second connecting groove and the fifth cavity are intermittently connected.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, a first abutment platform and a second abutment platform are provided in the shell; the upper end of the drainage filter screen abuts against the first abutment platform, and the upper end of the supporting drainage sleeve abuts against the second abutment platform; a cavity is opened in the middle of the supporting drainage sleeve, and the lower end of the drainage filter screen abuts against the bottom end of the supporting drainage sleeve.

[0019] As a preferred implementation scheme, sealing devices are provided between the support and drainage sleeve and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston, between the fixed flow channel piston and the inner wall of the shell, and between the guide sleeve and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston.

[0020] As a preferred implementation scheme, the stroke of the control slide valve is 30-80 mm; the stroke of the hammer is 100-200 mm.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, a third abutment platform is provided on the inner wall of the shell; the sealing piston is provided on the third abutment platform, and sealing devices are provided between the sealing piston and the inner wall of the hammer and the fixed flow channel piston.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention provides a high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, which accelerates the downward movement of the impact hammer by using the differential principle, increases the final impact velocity of the impact hammer, and thus increases the impact work, while increasing the impact frequency, and uses high-frequency, high-impact work to achieve the purpose of efficient rock breaking. It also realizes a fast rock-breaking drilling tool with high impact work, greatly improves the drilling efficiency of hard rock formations, saves drilling cycles and costs, and ensures efficient development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention in the initial state;

[0025] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Ⅰ-Ⅰ sectional view;

[0026] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Ⅱ-Ⅱ sectional view;

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Ⅲ-Ⅲ cross-sectional view;

[0028] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Ⅳ-Ⅳ cross-sectional view;

[0029] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention, in which the hammer and the control slide valve are located at the top dead center;

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the control slide valve structure of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed flow channel piston structure of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 A top view of the fixed flow channel piston of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the fixed flow channel piston structure of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, housing; 2, drill bit; 3, drainage filter screen; 31, first drainage port; 4, supporting drainage sleeve; 41, second drainage port; 5, fixed flow channel piston; 51, normal flow channel; 52, first drilling fluid flow channel; 53, second drilling fluid flow channel; 54, first connecting groove; 55, second connecting groove; 56, first fluid channel; 57, second fluid channel; 58, first connecting hole; 59, second connecting hole; 50, normal hole; 6, hammer; 61, first step surface; 62, second step surface; 63, step; 7, control slide valve; 71, groove; 72, leakage hole; 73, first arc step surface; 74, second arc step surface; 8, guide sleeve; 9, first flow channel; 10, second flow channel; 11, third flow channel; 12, fourth flow channel; 13, first cavity; 14, second cavity; 15, third cavity; 16, fourth cavity; 17, fifth cavity; 18, sealing piston; 19, limit ring; 20, first abutment platform; 21, second abutment platform; 22, third abutment platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1-12 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-frequency, large-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, including a shell 1 and a drill bit 2; the drill bit 2 is connected to the lower part of the shell 1, and a through first flow channel 9 is opened in the drill bit 2; the interior of the shell 1 is hollow to form a cavity; the shell 1 includes an upper joint, a middle shell and a lower joint connected by upper and lower threads, and the drilling fluid enters the interior of the device through the upper joint. The drill bit 2 is preferably a spline drill bit 2, which can transmit torque on the one hand and limit axial movement on the other hand.

[0040] It also includes a drainage filter screen 3, a supporting drainage sleeve 4, a fixed flow channel piston 5 and a hammer 6 arranged in the cavity from top to bottom; a first drainage port 31 is opened on the drainage filter screen 3; the bottom of the drainage filter screen 3 abuts against the bottom end of the inner side of the supporting drainage sleeve 4, and a second drainage port 41 is opened on the supporting drainage sleeve 4; the fixed flow channel piston 5 is hollow inside, the upper part of the hammer 6 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston 5, and the lower part of the hammer 6 is in contact with the upper end of the drill bit 2; The fixed flow path piston 5 is provided with a control slide valve 7 and a guide sleeve 8 at the top and bottom; the control slide valve 7 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow path piston 5; the control slide valve 7, the guide sleeve 8 and the hammer 6 are respectively provided with a second flow path 10, a third flow path 11 and a fourth flow path 12, and the first flow path 9, the second flow path 10, the third flow path 11 and the fourth flow path 12 are connected; the drilling fluid enters the cavity through the upper end of the device, and the drainage filter screen 3 filters and drains the drilling fluid, and the drainage filter screen 3 is hollow and not through. The supporting drainage sleeve 4 is used to support the drainage filter screen 3, and the supporting drainage sleeve 4 is hollow and not through. The bottom of the drainage filter screen 3 abuts against the bottom end of the supporting drainage sleeve 4 to ensure the stability of the drainage filter screen 3 installation. After the drilling fluid flows into the drainage filter screen 3, it is discharged into the cavity of the supporting drainage sleeve 4 through the first drainage port 31, and then discharged through the second drainage port 41. It is worth noting that the first drainage ports 31 are evenly spaced in several rows, and the second drainage ports 41 are circumferentially opened on the supporting drainage sleeve 4. The specific number, size and spacing of the first drainage ports 31 and the second drainage ports 41 can be set according to actual conditions, and this application does not limit them.

[0041] The first cavity 13 is formed between the support and drainage sleeve 4 and the upper part of the fixed flow path piston 5; the outer surface of the lower part of the support and drainage sleeve 4 is connected to the inner part of the upper part of the fixed flow path piston 5, and a sealing device is provided to ensure the sealing of the connection, so that the first cavity 13 is formed between the support and drainage sleeve 4 and the fixed flow path piston 5 arranged in the cavity of the shell 1. A sealing piston 18 is provided between the lower part of the hammer 6 and the inner wall of the shell 1, and the second cavity 14 is formed between the sealing piston 18 and the fixed flow path piston 5; the sealing piston 18 ensures the sealing of the second cavity 14; the third cavity 15 is formed between the support and drainage sleeve 4, the upper part of the control slide valve 7 and the inner wall of the fixed flow path piston 5; the bottom end of the support and drainage sleeve 4 cooperates with the upper end of the control slide valve 7, so that the third cavity 15 is formed between the support and drainage sleeve 4, the upper part of the control slide valve 7 and the inner wall of the fixed flow path piston 5. The fourth cavity 16 is formed between the lower part of the control slide valve 7 and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston 5; the upper outer surface of the guide sleeve 8 cooperates with the lower inner surface of the control slide valve 7, and the guide sleeve 8 is sealed and connected with the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston 5, so that the fourth cavity 16 is formed between the lower part of the control slide valve 7 and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston 5. The outer surface of the lower part of the guide sleeve 8 cooperates with the inner surface of the upper part of the hammer 6, so that the fifth cavity 17 is formed between the guide sleeve 8, the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston 5 and the hammer 6.

[0042] The fixed flow passage piston 5 is provided with a normal flow passage 51 connecting the first cavity 13 and the second cavity 14. The drilling fluid flows into the first cavity 13 through the first drainage port 31 and the second drainage port 41, and then into the second cavity 14 through the normal flow passage 51. In the second cavity 14, the pressure difference drives the hammer 6 to slide along the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston 5. The fixed flow passage piston 5 is provided with a through flow passage connecting the first cavity 13 and the fifth cavity 17. When the control slide valve 7 slides, the first cavity 13 and the fifth cavity 17 are intermittently connected through the through flow passage. The control slide valve 7 controls the opening and closing of the through flow passage, and opens or closes the through flow passage by sliding up and down. When the through flow passage is opened, the drilling fluid in the first cavity 13 can enter the fifth cavity 17 through the through flow passage.

[0043] The fixed flow channel piston 5 is provided with a first drilling fluid flow channel 52 connecting the third cavity 15 and the second cavity 14, and a second drilling fluid flow channel 53 connecting the fourth cavity 16 and the fifth cavity 17; when the hammer 6 slides, the third cavity 15 and the second cavity 14 are intermittently connected through the first drilling fluid flow channel 52; when the hammer 6 slides, the fifth cavity 17 and the fourth cavity 16 are intermittently connected through the second drilling fluid flow channel 53. It is worth noting that the lower end of the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 is located above the lower end of the first drilling fluid flow channel 52, and the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 connects the fourth cavity 16 and the fifth cavity 17. When the hammer 6 slides up and down, the fourth cavity 16 and the fifth cavity 17 are intermittently connected; when the fourth cavity 16 and the fifth cavity 17 are connected, the drilling fluid in the fifth cavity 17 can pass through the lower section of the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 to the fourth cavity 16, and through the force difference between the third cavity 15 and the fourth cavity 16, the control slide valve 7 is driven to move up and down to change the flow direction of the drilling fluid.

[0044] The control slide valve 7 is provided with a through leakage hole 72. When the control slide valve 7 slides, the leakage hole 72 is intermittently connected with the fifth cavity 17 through the through flow channel. When the leakage hole 72 is connected with the fifth cavity 17, the drilling fluid in the fifth cavity 17 can pass through the through flow channel to the leakage hole 72, and then pass through the second flow channel 10, the third flow channel 11, and the fourth flow channel 12 to be discharged to the first flow channel 9 in the drill bit 2.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] like Figure 1-12 As shown, this embodiment is developed on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment. Specifically, this embodiment provides a high-frequency and large-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, and the impact hammer also includes a limit ring 19 for limiting the drill bit 2, and the limit ring 19 is arranged in the housing 1 and cooperates with the inner wall of the housing 1. The limit ring 19 ensures the stability of the installation of the drill bit 2 and limits the position of the drill bit 2; preferably, the limit ring 19 is installed at the upper end of the lower joint of the housing 1, and a sealing ring is arranged between the limit ring 19 and the inner wall of the housing 1 to ensure the sealing of the installation.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the hammer 6 is provided with a first step surface 61 and a second step surface 62; the effective flow area of ​​the first step surface 61 in the second cavity 14 is smaller than the effective flow area of ​​the second step surface 62 in the second cavity 14; and a step 63 is provided on the upper part of the hammer 6, when the hammer 6 slides up and down to the corresponding position of the first drilling fluid flow channel 52 and the step 63, the third cavity 15 is connected with the second cavity 14 through the first drilling fluid flow channel 52. The lower end of the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 is located above the lower end of the first drilling fluid flow channel 52, and the position of the step 63 should ensure that after the hammer 6 slides up a distance, when the first drilling fluid flow channel 52 is connected with the second cavity 14, the upper part of the hammer 6 blocks the connection between the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 and the fifth cavity 17; and when the hammer 6 reaches the top dead center, it should be ensured that the step 63 will not reach the height of the second drilling fluid flow channel 53.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the outer surfaces of the upper and lower ends of the control slide valve 7 are respectively provided with a first arc step surface 73 and a second arc step surface 74; the area of ​​the first arc step surface 73 is smaller than the area of ​​the second arc step surface 74. When the pressure on the upper and lower surfaces of the control slide valve 7 is equal, the movement of the control slide valve 7 is achieved by the difference in area.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the through flow channel includes a first fluid channel 56 and a second fluid channel 57 opened on the outer surface of the fixed flow channel piston 5, and the first fluid channel 56 and the second fluid channel 57 are connected through a connecting hole; the connecting hole includes a first connecting hole 58 and a second connecting hole 59; the upper end of the first fluid channel 56 is connected to the first cavity 13, and the lower end is connected to the first connecting hole 58; the upper end of the second fluid channel 57 is connected to the second connecting hole 59; the lower end of the second fluid channel 57 is connected to the fifth cavity 17 through the regular through hole 50;

[0050] The outer surface of the control slide valve 7 is provided with a groove 71 connecting the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59; when the control slide valve 7 slides, the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59 are intermittently connected; when the control slide valve 7 slides, the leakage hole 72 and the second connecting hole 59 are intermittently connected. It is worth noting that when the control slide valve 7 slides, when the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59 are connected through the groove 71, the leakage hole 72 and the second connecting hole 59 are not connected; vice versa. When the control slide valve 7 slides to the point where the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59 are connected through the groove 71, a portion of the drilling fluid in the first cavity 13 passes through the first fluid channel 56, the first connecting hole 58, the groove 71, the second connecting hole 59, and the second fluid channel 57 to the fifth cavity 17. When the control slide valve 7 slides to the leakage hole 72 and connects with the second connecting hole 59, the drilling fluid in the fifth cavity 17 is discharged through the normal hole 50, the second fluid channel 57, the leakage hole 72, the second flow channel 10, the third flow channel 11, and the fourth flow channel 12 to the first flow channel 9 in the drill bit 2, and at this time the fifth cavity 17 is in a low pressure zone.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston 5 is provided with a first communicating groove 54 and a second communicating groove 55, wherein the first communicating groove 54 is communicated with the lower end of the first drilling fluid flow channel 52; and the second communicating groove 55 is communicated with the lower end of the second drilling fluid flow channel 53;

[0052] When the hammer 6 slides, the first connecting groove 54 and the second cavity 14 are intermittently connected; when the hammer 6 slides, the second connecting groove 55 and the fifth cavity 17 are intermittently connected. A step 63 is provided on the outer surface of the upper part of the hammer 6. When the hammer 6 slides to the position where the step 63 and the first connecting groove 54 correspond to the step 63, the first connecting groove 54 is connected to the second cavity 14.

[0053] As a preferred implementation scheme, a first abutment platform 20 and a second abutment platform 21 are provided in the shell 1; the upper end of the drainage filter screen 3 abuts against the first abutment platform 20, and the upper end of the support drainage sleeve 4 abuts against the second abutment platform 21; a cavity is opened in the middle of the support drainage sleeve 4, and the lower end of the drainage filter screen 3 abuts against the bottom end of the support drainage sleeve 4.

[0054] As a preferred implementation scheme, sealing devices are provided between the support drainage sleeve 4 and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston 5, between the fixed flow channel piston 5 and the inner wall of the shell 1, and between the guide sleeve 8 and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston 5 to ensure the sealing between the cavities in the device.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the stroke of the control slide valve 7 is 30-80 mm; the stroke of the hammer 6 is 100-200 mm. It is worth noting that the impact frequency and the impact terminal velocity are adjusted according to the stroke of the control hammer 6 and the control slide valve 7.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, a third abutment 22 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 ; the sealing piston 18 is provided on the third abutment 22 , and sealing devices are provided between the sealing piston 18 and the inner walls of the hammer 6 and the fixed flow channel piston 5 .

[0057] Example 3

[0058] like Figure 1-12 As shown, this embodiment is developed on the basis of the above embodiment. Specifically, this embodiment provides a specific working principle of a high-frequency and large-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, as follows:

[0059] When the device is in the initial state, the control slide valve 7 is at the lower dead point, and the groove 71 on the control slide valve 7 is connected to the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59 respectively. At this time, the leakage hole 72 is not connected to the second connecting hole 59; the hammer 6 is at the lower dead point. At this time, the fifth cavity 17 is connected to the second connecting groove 55, and the first connecting groove 54 is not connected to the second cavity 14.

[0060] The drilling fluid enters the cavity from the upper part of the device, passes through the first drainage port 31 of the drainage filter screen 3 to the support drainage sleeve 4, and then passes through the second drainage port 41 to the first cavity 13; a part of the drilling fluid in the first cavity 13 passes through the first fluid channel 56, the first connecting hole 58, the second connecting hole 59 of the groove 71, the second fluid channel 57, and the constant hole 50 to the fifth cavity 17. At this time, the hammer 6 is in the lower limit position, and the fifth cavity 17 is connected with the second connecting groove 55. Therefore, the drilling fluid in the fifth cavity 17 passes through the second connecting groove 55 and the second drilling fluid flow channel 53 to the fourth cavity 16. Due to the control of the sliding valve 7 The area of ​​the first arc step surface 73 is smaller than that of the second arc step surface 74. Therefore, on the control slide valve 7, the upward force is greater than the downward force, and the control slide valve 7 moves upward, blocking the connection between the groove 71 and the first connecting hole 58 and the second connecting hole 59, so that the leakage hole 72 is connected with the second connecting hole 59. At this time, the fifth cavity 17 is connected with the leakage hole 72 through the regular hole 50, the second fluid channel 57, and the second connecting hole 59. The leakage hole 72 is connected with the outside through the second flow channel 10, the third flow channel 11, the fourth flow channel 12, and the first flow channel 9. Therefore, the fifth cavity 17 is in a low pressure area at this time.

[0061] In addition, another part of the drilling fluid in the first cavity 13 flows into the second cavity 14 through the normal flow channel 51. Since the effective flow area of ​​the first step surface 61 in the second cavity 14 is smaller than the effective flow area of ​​the second step surface 62 in the second cavity 14, the upward force acting on the hammer 6 is greater than the downward force, and the hammer 6 slides upward; when the fifth cavity 17 is connected to the outside and is in a low-pressure area, the hammer 6 accelerates upward.

[0062] When the hammer 6 runs one end of the stroke, the step 63 corresponds to the first connecting groove 54, blocking the connection between the second connecting groove 55 and the fifth cavity 17, and the hammer 6 continues to move upward due to inertia; at this time, the drilling fluid in the second cavity 14 passes through the step 63, the first connecting groove 54, and the first drilling fluid flow channel 52 to the third cavity 15, pushing the control slide valve 7 downward, blocking the connection between the leakage hole 72 and the second connecting hole 59. Therefore, the fifth cavity 17 is isolated from the outside world and is in a high-pressure area, pushing the hammer 6 to move downward. At this time, the drilling fluid in the first cavity 13 passes through the first fluid channel 56, the first connecting hole 58, the second connecting hole 59 of the groove 71, the second fluid channel 57, and the constant hole 50 to the fifth cavity 17. At this time, the pressures of the second cavity 14 and the fifth cavity 17 are equal. According to the hydraulic differential principle, since the pressure areas of the hammer 6 in the fifth cavity 17 and the second cavity 14 are not equal, under the condition of equal pressure, the downward force of the hammer 6 is greater than the upward force, and the hammer 6 accelerates downward to increase the final impact velocity of the hammer 6. The final impact velocity of the hammer 6 piston 7 can reach 7-9m / s, acting on the drill bit 2, increasing the impact work, achieving rapid rock breaking with large impact work, improving the drilling efficiency of hard rock formations, saving drilling cycle and cost, and ensuring efficient development.

[0063] When the hammer 6 moves downward for a certain distance, the second connecting groove 55 is connected with the fifth cavity 17, and the second cavity 14 is blocked with the first connecting groove 54, and the control slide valve 7 moves upward under the action of pressure to complete a distance.

[0064] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase, comprising a housing (1) and a drill bit (2); the drill bit (2) is connected to the lower part of the housing (1), and a through first flow channel (9) is provided in the drill bit (2); the housing (1) is hollow inside to form a cavity; Features: The invention also comprises a drainage filter screen (3), a supporting drainage sleeve (4), a fixed flow channel piston (5) and a hammer (6) which are arranged in the cavity from top to bottom; a first drainage port (31) is provided on the drainage filter screen (3); the bottom of the drainage filter screen (3) abuts against the bottom end of the inner part of the supporting drainage sleeve (4), and a second drainage port (41) is provided on the supporting drainage sleeve (4); the interior of the fixed flow channel piston (5) is hollow, the upper part of the hammer (6) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston (5), and the lower part of the hammer (6) is The fixed flow channel piston (5) is provided with a control slide valve (7) on the upper side thereof and a guide sleeve (8) on the lower side thereof; the control slide valve (7) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston (5); a second flow channel (10) is provided in the control slide valve (7), a third flow channel (11) is provided in the guide sleeve (8), a fourth flow channel (12) is provided in the hammer (6), and the first flow channel (9), the second flow channel (10), the third flow channel (11) and the fourth flow channel (12) are connected; A first cavity (13) is formed between the support and drainage sleeve (4) and the upper part of the fixed flow passage piston (5); a sealing piston (18) is provided between the lower part of the hammer (6) and the inner wall of the housing (1); a second cavity (14) is formed between the sealing piston (18) and the fixed flow passage piston (5); a third cavity (15) is formed between the support and drainage sleeve (4), the upper part of the control slide valve (7) and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston (5); a fourth cavity (16) is formed between the lower part of the control slide valve (7) and the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston (5); and a fifth cavity (17) is formed between the guide sleeve (8), the inner wall of the fixed flow passage piston (5) and the hammer (6); The fixed flow passage piston (5) is provided with a normal flow passage (51) connecting the first cavity (13) and the second cavity (14); the fixed flow passage piston (5) is provided with a through flow passage connecting the first cavity (13) and the fifth cavity (17); when the control slide valve (7) slides, the first cavity (13) and the fifth cavity (17) are intermittently connected through the through flow passage; The fixed flow channel piston (5) is provided with a first drilling fluid flow channel (52) connecting the third cavity (15) and the second cavity (14), and a second drilling fluid flow channel (53) connecting the fourth cavity (16) and the fifth cavity (17); when the hammer (6) slides, the third cavity (15) and the second cavity (14) are intermittently connected through the first drilling fluid flow channel (52); when the hammer (6) slides, the fifth cavity (17) and the fourth cavity (16) are intermittently connected through the second drilling fluid flow channel (53); The control slide valve (7) is provided with a through leakage hole (72). When the control slide valve (7) slides, the leakage hole (72) is intermittently connected to the fifth cavity (17) through the through flow channel.

2. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The impact hammer also includes a limiting ring (19) for limiting the position of the drill bit (2); the limiting ring (19) is arranged in the housing (1) and cooperates with the inner wall of the housing (1).

3. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The outer surface of the hammer (6) is provided with a first step surface (61) and a second step surface (62) at the upper and lower parts; the effective flow area of ​​the first step surface (61) in the second cavity (14) is smaller than the effective flow area of ​​the second step surface (62) in the second cavity (14); and a step ridge (63) is provided on the upper part of the hammer (6); when the hammer (6) slides up and down to the corresponding position of the first drilling fluid flow channel (52) and the step ridge (63), the third cavity (15) is connected with the second cavity (14) through the first drilling fluid flow channel (52).

4. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The outer surface of the upper end of the control slide valve (7) is provided with a first arc step surface (73), and the outer surface of the lower end is provided with a second arc step surface (74); the area of ​​the first arc step surface (73) is smaller than the area of ​​the second arc step surface (74).

5. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The through flow passage comprises a first fluid passage (56) and a second fluid passage (57) provided on the outer surface of the fixed flow passage piston (5), wherein the first fluid passage (56) and the second fluid passage (57) are connected via a connecting hole; the connecting hole comprises a first connecting hole (58) and a second connecting hole (59); the upper end of the first fluid passage (56) is connected to the first cavity (13), and the lower end is connected to the first connecting hole (58); the upper end of the second fluid passage (57) is connected to the second connecting hole (59); the lower end of the second fluid passage (57) is connected to the fifth cavity (17) via a regular through hole (50); a groove (71) is provided on the outer surface of the control slide valve (7) for connecting the first connecting hole (58) and the second connecting hole (59); when the control slide valve (7) slides, the first connecting hole (58) and the second connecting hole (59) are intermittently connected; when the control slide valve (7) slides, the leakage hole (72) and the second connecting hole (59) are intermittently connected.

6. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston (5) is provided with a first connecting groove (54) and a second connecting groove (55); the first connecting groove (54) is connected to the lower end of the first drilling fluid flow channel (52); the second connecting groove (55) is connected to the lower end of the second drilling fluid flow channel (53); when the hammer (6) slides, the first connecting groove (54) and the second cavity (14) are intermittently connected; when the hammer (6) slides, the second connecting groove (55) and the fifth cavity (17) are intermittently connected.

7. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: A first abutment platform (20) and a second abutment platform (21) are provided in the shell (1); the upper end of the drainage filter screen (3) abuts against the first abutment platform (20), and the upper end of the support drainage sleeve (4) abuts against the second abutment platform (21); a cavity is provided in the middle of the support drainage sleeve (4), and the lower end of the drainage filter screen (3) abuts against the inner bottom end of the support drainage sleeve (4).

8. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: Sealing devices are provided between the support and drainage sleeve (4) and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston (5), between the fixed flow channel piston (5) and the inner wall of the housing (1), and between the guide sleeve (8) and the inner wall of the fixed flow channel piston (5).

9. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The stroke of the control slide valve (7) is 30-80 mm; the stroke of the punch (6) is 100-200 mm.

10. A high-frequency, high-impact hydraulic impact hammer with differential speed increase according to claim 1, Features: The inner wall of the housing (1) is provided with a third abutment platform (22); the sealing piston (18) is arranged on the third abutment platform (22), and sealing devices are provided between the sealing piston (18) and the inner walls of the hammer (6) and the fixed flow channel piston (5).

Images