Phototactic solar automatic tracking device and working method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic, in particular to a phototaxis type solar automatic tracking device and its working method. The present application uses solar energy to heat liquid, and uses the energy of liquid expansion to drive the rotation of solar cell panel, so as to realize the tracking and alignment of the sun. The method steps of the present application include a photosensitive component, a rotating platform and a pitching platform. The photosensitive component contains a group of solar collectors arranged at different angles and two pitching solar collectors. The rotating platform and the pitching platform are arranged vertically, and each includes a ratchet mechanism and a group of hydraulic cylinders. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the rotating platform is the same as the number of solar collectors on the photosensitive component, and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the pitching platform is the same as the number of pitching solar collectors, and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The movement of the hydraulic cylinders driven by the solar collectors drives the rotation of the solar cell panel on the ratchet mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaic technology, specifically to a phototactic automatic solar tracking device and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology offers significant energy, environmental, and economic benefits, making it one of the highest-quality green energy sources. Developing the solar PV industry is crucial for adjusting the energy structure, promoting the production of green and clean energy, and achieving the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Solar energy is a renewable, infinitely abundant, and widely distributed emerging energy source; however, its utilization efficiency is inherently low due to its low energy density and variable spatial distribution. Currently, commonly used solar panels are fixed in place, which cannot adapt to changes in the direction of solar incidence caused by the Earth's rotation and revolution, further reducing the received solar energy density. To increase the received solar energy density, the solar panel plane must always be perpendicular to the incident sunlight, i.e., solar tracking.

[0003] Current solar tracking devices typically use sensors to detect the direction of sunlight, and then a microcontroller controls and adjusts the azimuth and elevation angles of the solar panels to align them with the sun. This photovoltaic-driven method requires power to the digital control system. Although the solar panels can provide power, this is relatively wasteful of resources. Furthermore, the maintenance and testing of the digital control system require specialized technical personnel, resulting in significant maintenance costs. For decentralized small-scale photovoltaic power generation equipment, such as rural rooftop photovoltaic systems, each unit needs to be equipped with a digital control system, further increasing the cost.

[0004] Another method uses a mechanical tracker based on the sun's trajectory. This tracker inputs the annual solar motion trajectory data into a controller, which then drives a turntable to move the solar panels in accordance with the sun's trajectory, ensuring they are always facing the sun. While this method is unaffected by weather and offers high accuracy, it still requires a digital control system. This system is complex, has high maintenance costs, and is not suitable for use in small-scale photovoltaic power generation devices.

[0005] Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation equipment is often located in areas with abundant sunlight, favorable weather conditions, and vast geographical areas, but it is far from towns and cities, resulting in high costs for maintenance, testing, and commissioning. Small-scale PV power generation devices are more dispersed and have lower power output. Equipping each small PV device with a digital control system would significantly increase their usage and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the alignment of solar panels with the sun does not require high precision; approximate alignment can significantly improve PV conversion efficiency. Therefore, the solar PV power generation industry needs a mechanical solar tracking device that can achieve approximate alignment with the sun, is easy to maintain, reliable in operation, and low in cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a phototropic automatic solar tracking device and its working method, which uses solar energy to heat a liquid and uses the energy of the liquid's thermal expansion to drive the solar panel to rotate, so as to achieve tracking and alignment with the sun.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A phototactic automatic solar tracking device, comprising a photosensitive component, a rotating platform, and a pitching platform, characterized in that:

[0009] The photosensitive component includes a set of solar collectors arranged at different angles and two pitching solar collectors;

[0010] The rotating platform and the pitching platform are arranged perpendicularly to each other, and each includes a ratchet mechanism and a set of hydraulic cylinders. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the rotating platform is the same as the number of solar collectors on the photosensitive component, and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the pitching platform is the same as the number of pitching solar collectors, and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The solar collectors drive the hydraulic cylinders to rotate, thereby rotating the solar panels on the ratchet mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the solar collector includes five solar collectors arranged along the sun's trajectory. The first solar collector is aligned with the direction of sunrise, the fifth solar collector with the direction of sunset, and the third solar collector with the direction of the sun at noon. The second solar collector is placed between the first and third solar collectors, and the fourth solar collector is placed between the third and fifth solar collectors. Any two adjacent solar collectors are spaced at the same angle. Each group of solar collectors is mounted on a support base.

[0012] Two pitch solar collectors are placed on the upper and lower sides of the third solar collector. The first pitch solar collector is placed on the lower side of the third solar collector, pointing towards the sun when it is low in winter. The second pitch solar collector is placed on the upper side of the third solar collector, pointing towards the sun when it is high in summer.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating platform and the pitching platform have the same structure, with their ratchet mechanism set on a recessed platform on one side of the base, and the hydraulic cylinders respectively set on the protruding platforms of the base;

[0014] Each hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a solution chamber, which is connected to the liquid tank through a hydraulic pipe. A push rod extending out of the hydraulic cylinder is installed in the solution chamber, and a push rod spring is sleeved on the push rod inside the hydraulic cylinder.

[0015] The ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet shaft and a pawl shaft. A ratchet torsion spring, a ratchet, and a solar panel are mounted on the ratchet shaft. The ratchet and ratchet shaft are integrally formed. One end of the ratchet torsion spring is secured to the base, and the other end is secured to the ratchet. A set of hydraulic cylinders are evenly distributed around the circumference of the ratchet along the tangent of the ratchet's largest outer circle at certain angles. A pawl torsion spring and a pawl are mounted on the pawl shaft. One end of the pawl torsion spring is secured to the base, and the other end is secured to the pawl. The pawl is also equipped with a pawl baffle. The pawl is engaged in the tooth groove of the ratchet and is limited by a pawl limiting surface. A ratchet baffle is provided on the upper surface hub of the ratchet. The pawl baffle and the ratchet baffle are respectively aligned with the hydraulic cylinder push rods on both sides of the base. An initial position stop is provided on the concave platform of the base. The initial position stop is lower than the lower surface of the ratchet and aligned with the protrusion on the lower surface of the ratchet.

[0016] Furthermore, each solar collector's structure includes a shading cylinder and a heating cylinder nested together, with a liquid tank inside the heating cylinder and a light window at the front end of the heating cylinder;

[0017] Each pitch solar collector includes a pitch shading cylinder and a pitch heating cylinder nested together. The pitch heating cylinder contains a pitch liquid tank, and the front end of the pitch heating cylinder has a pitch light window.

[0018] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the light-shielding cylinder, heating cylinder, light window, and liquid tank are rectangular, with the vertical side length being greater than the horizontal side length;

[0019] The pitch-down light-shielding cylinder, pitch-down heating cylinder, pitch-down light window, and pitch-down liquid tank are all circular structures.

[0020] Furthermore, the heating cylinder and the pitch heating cylinder are each wrapped with insulating cotton.

[0021] Furthermore, the support base has a C-shaped structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the light window and tilt light window are made of transparent glass, the heating cylinder and tilt heating cylinder are made of aluminum alloy, the liquid tank and tilt liquid tank are made of copper, and the inner surface of the heating cylinder and the outer surface of the liquid tank are coated with black paint.

[0023] The working method of a phototactic automatic solar tracking device is as follows:

[0024] 1) After the sun rises, sunlight shines into the first solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out to push the pawl out of the tooth groove of the ratchet, and at the same time compresses the pawl torsion spring. At this time, the ratchet is no longer restricted by the pawl, but stops at the initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring.

[0025] 2) As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the first solar collector, the temperature of the liquid in its tank decreases, the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder to retract, and the pawl to reset under the action of the pawl torsion spring.

[0026] 3) As the sun moves, when sunlight shines into the second solar collector, the liquid in its tank is heated and expands and enters the second hydraulic cylinder. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes the ratchet to rotate by an angle, while compressing the ratchet torsion spring. The solar panel also rotates by the same angle, facing the sun at this time.

[0027] 4) As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the second solar collector, the temperature of the liquid in the corresponding tank decreases, the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder to retract, while the ratchet is restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, stopping at the current position.

[0028] 5) This continues until after sunset, when the liquid temperature in the tank corresponding to the fifth solar collector decreases and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the fifth hydraulic cylinder to retract. The ratchet is still restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, remaining in its current position.

[0029] When the sun rises the next day, the process from (1) to (5) is repeated continuously to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panels with the sun at different times of the day;

[0030] 6) In winter, when the sun is low in the sky, sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank is heated and expands and enters the first hydraulic cylinder on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out and pushes the pawl out of the tooth groove of the ratchet wheel. At the same time, the pawl torsion spring is compressed. At this time, the ratchet wheel is no longer restricted by the pawl, but it stops at the initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring. The solar panel is aligned with the sun at a lower altitude.

[0031] 7) As the sun's altitude increases, when no sunlight enters the first tilting solar collector, the liquid temperature in its tank decreases, and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform to retract, and the pawl to reset under the action of the pawl torsion spring.

[0032] 8) In summer, as the sun's altitude increases, sunlight enters the second tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the second hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes the ratchet to rotate at an angle, while compressing the ratchet torsion spring. The solar panel also tilts up at the same angle, facing the sun at a higher altitude.

[0033] 9) As the sun's altitude decreases, when no sunlight enters the second tilting solar collector, the liquid temperature in its tank decreases, and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform to retract. The ratchet is restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, stopping at its current position.

[0034] 10) As winter arrives again, the sun's altitude decreases, and sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out, pushing the pawl out of the ratchet's tooth groove, while compressing the pawl torsion spring. At this time, the ratchet is no longer restricted by the pawl and returns to its initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring, and the solar panel is aligned with the lower-altitude sun.

[0035] 11) Repeat the process from 6) to 10) continuously to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panel pitch direction with the sun in different seasons.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] 1) The structure of this invention utilizes the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of liquids to drive the rotation of solar panels. It does not require sensors or digital control systems, nor electronic equipment, thus saving resources and reducing the problem of expensive maintenance costs due to electronic equipment failures.

[0038] 2) This invention adopts a mechanical structure, making the system simple and reliable; the professional knowledge required for equipment maintenance personnel is not high, maintenance is simple, and the cost is low;

[0039] 3) The phototactic solar automatic tracking device of the present invention does not consume electricity and saves energy.

[0040] 4) The invention uses hydraulic cylinders and ratchet mechanisms, both of which are reliable mechanical structures with strong environmental adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the rotary platform and the pitch platform of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the photosensitive component structure of the device of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the solar collector structure of the device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the range of sunlight angles that the solar collector shading tube of the device of the present invention is allowed to enter;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tilting solar collector structure of the device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating platform structure of the device of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet mechanism of the device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder structure of the device of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pitch platform structure of the device of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet mechanism structure on the pitch platform of the device of the present invention;

[0052] Markings: 1—Photosensitive element; 2—Rotation platform; 3—Pitch platform;

[0053] 11—First solar collector; 12—Second solar collector; 13—Third solar collector; 14—Fourth solar collector; 15—Fifth solar collector; 16—Support base; 17—First tilting solar collector; 18—Second tilting solar collector;

[0054] 111—Light-shielding cylinder; 112—Heating cylinder; 113—Insulation cotton; 114—Light window; 115—Liquid tank;

[0055] 171—Pitch shield; 172—Pitch heating cylinder; 173—Pitch insulation cotton; 174—Pitch light window; 175—Pitch liquid tank;

[0056] 21—First hydraulic cylinder; 22—Second hydraulic cylinder; 23—Third hydraulic cylinder; 24—Fourth hydraulic cylinder; 25—Fifth hydraulic cylinder; 26—Ratchet mechanism; 27—Ratchet shaft platform; 28—Solar panel; 29—Base;

[0057] 211—Solution chamber; 212—Push rod spring; 213—Push rod;

[0058] 261—Ratchet shaft; 262—Ratchet torsion spring; 263—Pawl; 264—Pawl shaft; 265—Pawl torsion spring; 266—Pawl stop; 267—Ratchet stop; 268—Initial position stop; 269—Pawl limiting surface; 270—Ratchet;

[0059] 31-Tilting base. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] A phototactic automatic sun tracking device, such as Figure 1-11 As shown, it includes a photosensitive component 1, a rotating platform 2, and a pitch platform 3, with the rotating platform 2 and the pitch platform 3 arranged perpendicularly to each other. The photosensitive component 1 is aligned with the direction of the sun's trajectory. The photosensitive component 1 includes five solar collectors and a support base 16. The support base 16 is C-shaped, and the five solar collectors are evenly distributed on the arc surface of the C-shaped support base. The first solar collector 11 is aligned with the direction of the rising sun, the fifth solar collector 15 is aligned with the direction of the setting sun, and the third solar collector 13 is aligned with the direction of the sun at noon. The second solar collector 12 is placed between the first and third solar collectors, and the fourth solar collector 14 is placed between the third and fifth solar collectors. Any two adjacent solar collectors are spaced at the same angle.

[0063] Each solar collector consists of a rectangular cross-section shading cylinder 111 and a heating cylinder 112 nested together. The shading cylinder 111 has a rectangular cross-section with its vertical side as the long side and its horizontal side as the short side. The length of the shading cylinder 111 is more than twice the length of its short side. The length of the shading cylinder 111 is consistent with the length of its cross-section. Only sunlight within a certain angle (less than β) with the axis of the shading cylinder in the horizontal direction is allowed to enter the light window 114, while sunlight within a larger angle range (less than α) in the vertical direction is allowed to enter the light window 114. The heating cylinder 112 is equipped with a liquid tank 115. The liquid tank is made of copper with a very thin wall and is filled with kerosene or alcohol. The outer surface is coated with black paint. There is an interface for connecting hydraulic pipes at the rear end of the liquid tank. The light window 114 is rectangular and is installed at the front end of the heating cylinder 112 to form a sealed space inside the heating cylinder. The light window is made of transparent glass. The heating cylinder is made of aluminum alloy. The inner surface that receives sunlight is coated with black paint. The heating cylinder is wrapped with insulation cotton 113.

[0064] Each pitch solar collector includes a pitch shading cylinder 171 and a pitch heating cylinder 172 nested together. The pitch heating cylinder 172 is equipped with a pitch liquid tank 175, which contains kerosene or alcohol. The front end of the pitch heating cylinder 172 is provided with a pitch light window 174. The pitch shading cylinder 171, the pitch heating cylinder 172, the pitch light window 174, and the pitch liquid tank 175 are all circular structures. The pitch heating cylinder 172 is made of aluminum alloy with a black coating on the inner surface. The pitch liquid tank 175 is made of copper with a very thin wall and a black coating on the outer surface. The pitch light window 174 is made of transparent glass. The pitch heating cylinder is wrapped with pitch insulation cotton 173.

[0065] The bottom of each hydraulic cylinder push rod is a solution chamber 211, which is equipped with an interface for installing hydraulic pipes. The solution chamber is sealed by the push rod 213. A push rod spring 212 is installed on the upper part of the push rod. When the push rod extends, it compresses the push rod spring. When the push rod retracts, the elastic force of the push rod spring helps the push rod retract.

[0066] The first hydraulic cylinder 21 on the rotating platform is connected to the liquid tank of the first solar collector 11 via a hydraulic pipe; the second hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected to the liquid tank of the second solar collector 12 via a hydraulic pipe; the third hydraulic cylinder 23 is connected to the liquid tank of the third solar collector 13 via a hydraulic pipe; the fourth hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected to the liquid tank of the fourth solar collector 14 via a hydraulic pipe; and the fifth hydraulic cylinder 25 is connected to the liquid tank of the fifth solar collector 15 via a hydraulic pipe.

[0067] The first hydraulic cylinder 21 on the pitch platform is connected to the liquid tank of the first pitch solar collector 17 via a hydraulic pipe, and the second hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected to the liquid tank of the second pitch solar collector 18 via a hydraulic pipe.

[0068] Both the base 29 of the rotating platform and the pitch base 31 of the pitch platform have a U-shaped plate structure, with a boss and a recess on one side.

[0069] The ratchet mechanism of the rotating platform is set on the recessed platform of the base 29, and five hydraulic cylinders are respectively set on the protruding platforms of the base 29; solar panels 28 are installed on the ratchet shaft platform 27.

[0070] The pitch platform ratchet mechanism is set on the recessed platform of the pitch base 31, and two hydraulic cylinders are respectively set on the protruding platforms of the pitch base 31; solar panels 28 are installed on the ratchet shaft platform 27.

[0071] The ratchet mechanism structures of the rotating platform and the pitching platform are identical. The ratchet mechanism 26 includes a ratchet shaft 261 and a pawl shaft 264. A ratchet torsion spring 262, a ratchet 270, and a solar panel 28 are mounted on the ratchet shaft 261 from bottom to top. One end of the ratchet torsion spring 262 is secured to the base 29, and the other end is secured to the ratchet 270. A set of hydraulic cylinders are evenly distributed along the tangent of the ratchet's maximum outer circumference and at certain angles on the semicircle of the ratchet 270. A pawl torsion spring 265 and a pawl 263 are mounted on the pawl shaft 264. One end of the spring 265 is secured to the base 29, and the other end is secured to the pawl 263. The pawl 263 is also equipped with a pawl baffle 266. The pawl 263 is engaged within the tooth groove of the ratchet, and the pawl is limited by the pawl limiting surface 269. A ratchet baffle 267 is provided on the upper surface hub of the ratchet 270, and the ratchet baffle 267 is obliquely aligned with the push rod of the hydraulic cylinder. An initial position stop 268 is provided on the base 29 below the ratchet 270. The initial position stop 268 is lower than the lower surface of the ratchet 270 and aligned with the boss on the lower surface of the ratchet 270.

[0072] The ratchet 270 is stopped in the initial position by the pressure of the ratchet torsion spring 262 fixed on the base 29, at which time the ratchet 270 is close to the initial position stop block 268;

[0073] Pawl 263 is subjected to pressure from pawl torsion spring 265 fixed on the base and is close to pawl limiting platform 269;

[0074] When the pawl 263 is inserted into the tooth groove of the ratchet 270, the ratchet 270 can only rotate in the direction of compressing the ratchet torsion spring 262 due to the restriction of the pawl limiting table 269.

[0075] The push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 21 is aligned with the pawl baffle 266. When the push rod is pushed out, the pawl 263 can rotate around the pawl shaft 264 and compress the pawl torsion spring 265, thereby causing the pawl 263 to exit the tooth groove of the ratchet 270 and remove the restriction on the ratchet 270. If the ratchet 270 is not in the initial position at this time, it will be returned to the initial position by the action of the ratchet torsion spring 262.

[0076] Except for the first hydraulic cylinder 21, the other four hydraulic cylinders are arranged at a certain angle on the base 29 along the circumference of the ratchet 270. The push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 22 is obliquely aligned with the ratchet baffle 267 in the initial position. The push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 22 extends and pushes the ratchet baffle 267, which can rotate the ratchet 270 by an angle, so that the direction facing the solar panel 28 is consistent with the direction facing the second solar collector 12. The arrangement and function of the other hydraulic cylinders are the same as those of the second hydraulic cylinder. After the push rod of each hydraulic cylinder is retracted, it does not obstruct the rotation of the ratchet 270.

[0077] The two hydraulic cylinders on the pitching platform are the same as those on the rotating platform. The first hydraulic cylinder 21 is connected to the first pitching solar collector 17 through a hydraulic pipe, and the second hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected to the second pitching solar collector 18 through a hydraulic pipe.

[0078] The pitch platform has a high boss and a low recess on its pitch base 31. The ratchet mechanism 26 of the pitch platform is located on the recess of the base 31, and two hydraulic cylinders are located on the boss of the pitch base 31.

[0079] The arrangement of the first and second hydraulic cylinders of the pitch platform on the pitch base 31 is the same as that of the rotary platform; the arrangement of the ratchet mechanism 26 of the pitch platform is the same as that of the rotary platform.

[0080] The specific implementation process of a phototactic automatic solar tracking device is as follows:

[0081] 1. After the sun rises, sunlight shines into the first solar collector 11. The kerosene in its liquid tank is heated and expands and enters the first hydraulic cylinder 21. Its push rod pushes out to push the pawl 263 out of the tooth groove of the ratchet 270 and compresses the pawl torsion spring 265. The ratchet 270 stops in the initial position.

[0082] 2. As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the first solar collector 11, the temperature of the kerosene in its liquid tank decreases, the volume of the kerosene shrinks, the push rod retracts, and the pawl 263 resets under the action of the pawl torsion spring 265, and continues to restrict the rotation of the ratchet 270.

[0083] 3. As the sun moves, when sunlight shines into the second solar collector 12, the kerosene in its liquid tank is heated and expands and enters the second hydraulic cylinder 22. Its push rod pushes the ratchet 270 to rotate at a certain angle and compresses the ratchet torsion spring 262. The solar panel 28 also rotates at a certain angle and faces the sun at this time.

[0084] 4. As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the second solar collector 12, the temperature of the kerosene in its liquid tank decreases, the volume of the kerosene shrinks, the push rod retracts, and the ratchet 270 is restricted by the pawl 263 and cannot retract, stopping at its current position;

[0085] 5. As the sun moves, when sunlight shines into the third solar collector 13, the kerosene in its liquid tank is heated and expands and enters the third hydraulic cylinder 23. Its push rod pushes the ratchet 270 to rotate again at a certain angle and compresses the ratchet torsion spring 262. At the same time, the solar panel 28 rotates at a certain angle and faces the sun at this time.

[0086] 6. As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the third solar collector 13, the temperature of the kerosene in its liquid tank decreases, the volume of the kerosene shrinks, causing the push rod to retract, and the ratchet 270 is restricted by the pawl 263 and cannot retract, stopping at its current position;

[0087] 7. When the sun sets, sunlight shines into the fifth solar collector 15. The kerosene in its liquid tank expands due to heat and enters the fifth hydraulic cylinder 25. Its push rod pushes the ratchet 270 to rotate again by a certain angle and compresses the ratchet torsion spring 262. At the same time, the solar panel 28 rotates by a certain angle and faces the sun at this time.

[0088] 8. After the sun sets, no sunlight enters any of the solar collectors. The temperature of the kerosene in the liquid tank corresponding to the fifth solar collector decreases, and the volume of the kerosene shrinks, causing the push rod to retract. The ratchet 270 is restricted by the pawl 263 and cannot retract, so it stops at its current position.

[0089] 9. When the sun rises the next day, sunlight shines into the first solar collector 11 again. The kerosene in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder 21. Its push rod pushes out the pawl 263 out of the tooth groove of the ratchet 270, and at the same time compresses the pawl torsion spring 265. Under the action of the ratchet torsion spring 262, the ratchet 270 returns to its initial position, so that the solar panel 28 is aligned with the rising sun.

[0090] 10. Repeat the above process continuously to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panels with the sun at different times of the day;

[0091] 11. In winter, when the sun is low in the sky, sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector 17. The kerosene in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder 21 on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out the pawl 263 out of the tooth groove of the ratchet 270, and at the same time compresses the pawl torsion spring 265. At this time, the ratchet 270 is no longer restricted by the pawl 263, but stops at the initial position under the action of the pawl torsion spring 265. The solar panel 28 is aligned with the sun at a lower altitude.

[0092] 12) As the solar altitude increases, when no sunlight enters the first pitching solar collector 17, the temperature of the kerosene in its liquid tank decreases, and the volume of kerosene shrinks, causing the push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder of the pitching platform to retract, and the pawl 263 resets under the action of the pawl torsion spring 265.

[0093] 13) In summer, the sun's altitude increases and sunlight shines into the second tilting solar collector 18. The kerosene in its tank expands due to heat and enters the second hydraulic cylinder 22 of the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes the ratchet 270 to rotate at an angle, while compressing the ratchet torsion spring 262. The solar panel 28 also tilts up at the same angle, facing the sun at a higher altitude.

[0094] 14) As the solar altitude decreases, when no sunlight enters the second pitching solar collector 18, the temperature of the kerosene in its tank decreases, and the volume of the kerosene shrinks, causing the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder of the pitching platform to retract. The ratchet 270 is restricted by the pawl 263 and cannot retract, stopping at its current position.

[0095] 13) As winter arrives again, the sun's altitude decreases, and sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector 17. The kerosene in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder 21 on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out the pawl 263 out of the tooth groove of the ratchet 270, while compressing the pawl torsion spring 265. At this time, the ratchet 270 is no longer restricted by the pawl 263 and returns to its initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring 262. The solar panel 28 is aligned with the lower-altitude sun.

[0096] 15) Repeat the process from 11) to 15) continuously to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panel pitch direction with the sun in different seasons.

[0097] Example 2:

[0098] The only differences are the number of solar collectors on the photosensitive component 1 and the number of hydraulic cylinders on the rotating platform 2; their arrangement and operation are the same as in Example 1.

[0099] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phototactic automatic solar tracking device, comprising a photosensitive component (1), a rotating platform (2), and a pitching platform (3), characterized in that: The photosensitive component (1) includes a set of solar collectors arranged at different angles and two pitch solar collectors; The rotating platform (2) and the pitching platform (3) are arranged perpendicularly to each other, and each includes a ratchet mechanism (26) and a set of hydraulic cylinders. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the rotating platform (2) is the same as the number of solar collectors on the photosensitive component (1), and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The number of hydraulic cylinders on the pitching platform (3) is the same as the number of pitching solar collectors, and they are connected by hydraulic pipes. The solar collectors drive the hydraulic cylinders to rotate, thereby rotating the solar panel (28) on the ratchet mechanism. The rotating platform (2) and the pitching platform (3) have the same structure. Their ratchet mechanism is set on the concave platform on one side of the base, and the hydraulic cylinders are respectively set on the convex platform of the base. Each hydraulic cylinder is provided with a solution chamber (211), which is connected to the liquid tank (115) through a hydraulic pipe. A push rod (213) extending out of the hydraulic cylinder is provided in the solution chamber (211), and a push rod spring (212) is sleeved on the push rod (213) in the hydraulic cylinder. The ratchet mechanism (26) includes a ratchet shaft (261) and a pawl shaft (264). A ratchet torsion spring (262), a ratchet (270), and a solar panel (28) are mounted on the ratchet shaft (261). The ratchet (270) and the ratchet shaft (261) are integrally formed. One end of the ratchet torsion spring (262) is secured to the base (29), and the other end is secured to the ratchet (270). A set of hydraulic cylinders are evenly distributed on the circumference of the ratchet (270) along the tangent direction of the largest outer circle of the ratchet and at certain angles. A pawl torsion spring (265) and a pawl (263) are mounted on the pawl shaft (264). The pawl torsion spring (265) One end is secured to the base (29), and the other end is secured to the pawl (263). The pawl (263) is also provided with a pawl baffle (266). The pawl (263) is secured in the tooth groove of the ratchet. The pawl is limited by the pawl limiting surface (269). The upper surface hub of the ratchet (270) is provided with a ratchet baffle (267). The pawl baffle (266) and the ratchet baffle (267) are respectively aligned with the hydraulic cylinder push rods on both sides of the base. An initial position stop block (268) is provided on the concave platform of the base (29). The initial position stop block (268) is lower than the lower surface of the ratchet (270) and aligned with the protrusion on the lower surface of the ratchet (270).

2. The phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar collector includes five solar collectors arranged along the trajectory of the sun. The first solar collector (11) is aligned with the direction of sunrise, the fifth solar collector (15) is aligned with the direction of sunset, the third solar collector (13) is aligned with the direction of the sun at noon, the second solar collector (12) is placed between the first and third solar collectors, and the fourth solar collector (14) is placed between the third and fifth solar collectors. Any two adjacent solar collectors are spaced at the same angle. Each group of solar collectors is set on a support base (16). Two pitch solar collectors are placed on the upper and lower sides of the third solar collector. The first pitch solar collector (17) is placed on the lower side of the third solar collector (13) and points towards the sun when it is low in winter. The second pitch solar collector (18) is placed on the upper side of the third solar collector (13) and points towards the sun when it is high in summer.

3. A phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each solar collector consists of a shading cylinder (111) and a heating cylinder (112) that are fitted together. A liquid tank (115) is provided inside the heating cylinder (112), and a light window (114) is provided at the front end of the heating cylinder (112). Each pitch solar collector includes a pitch shading cylinder (171) and a pitch heating cylinder (172) that are nested together. The pitch heating cylinder (172) is provided with a pitch liquid tank (175) and a pitch light window (174) is provided at the front end of the pitch heating cylinder (172).

4. The phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the light-shielding cylinder (111), heating cylinder (112), light window (114) and liquid tank (115) are rectangular, with the vertical side length being greater than the horizontal side length. The pitch shielding cylinder (171), pitch heating cylinder (172), pitch light window (174), and pitch liquid tank (175) are all circular structures.

5. The phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating cylinder (112) and the pitch heating cylinder (172) are respectively wrapped with heat insulation cotton.

6. The phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support base has a C-shaped structure.

7. The phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The light window (114) and the pitch light window (174) are made of transparent glass, the heating cylinder (112) and the pitch heating cylinder (172) are made of aluminum alloy, the liquid tank (115) and the pitch liquid tank (175) are made of copper, and the inner surface of the heating cylinder and the outer surface of the liquid tank are coated with black paint.

8. The operating method of the phototactic automatic solar tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working method is as follows: 1) After the sun rises, sunlight shines into the first solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out to push the pawl out of the tooth groove of the ratchet, and at the same time compresses the pawl torsion spring. At this time, the ratchet is no longer restricted by the pawl, but stops at the initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring. 2) As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the first solar collector, the temperature of the liquid in its tank decreases, the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder to retract, and the pawl to reset under the action of the pawl torsion spring. 3) As the sun moves, when sunlight shines into the second solar collector, the liquid in its tank is heated and expands and enters the second hydraulic cylinder. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes the ratchet to rotate at an angle, while compressing the ratchet torsion spring. The solar panel also rotates at the same angle, facing the sun at this time. 4) As the sun moves, when no sunlight enters the second solar collector, the temperature of the liquid in the corresponding tank decreases, the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder to retract, while the ratchet is restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, stopping at the current position. 5) This continues until after sunset, when the liquid temperature in the tank corresponding to the fifth solar collector decreases and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the fifth hydraulic cylinder to retract. The ratchet is still restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, remaining in its current position. The process of steps 1) to 5) is repeated continuously when the sun rises the next day, so as to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panels with the sun at different times of the day; 6) In winter, when the sun is low in the sky, sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank is heated and expands and enters the first hydraulic cylinder on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out and pushes the pawl out of the tooth groove of the ratchet, while compressing the pawl torsion spring. At this time, the ratchet is no longer restricted by the pawl, but it stops at the initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring, and the solar panel is aligned with the sun at a lower altitude. 7) As the sun's altitude increases, when no sunlight enters the first tilting solar collector, the liquid temperature in its tank decreases, and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the first hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform to retract, and the pawl to reset under the action of the pawl torsion spring. 8) In summer, as the sun's altitude increases, sunlight enters the second tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the second hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes the ratchet to rotate at an angle, while compressing the ratchet torsion spring. The solar panel also tilts up at the same angle, facing the sun at a higher altitude. 9) As the sun's altitude decreases, when no sunlight enters the second tilting solar collector, the liquid temperature in its tank decreases, and the liquid volume shrinks, causing the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder of the tilting platform to retract. The ratchet is restricted by the pawl and cannot retract, stopping at its current position. 10) As winter arrives again, the sun's altitude decreases, and sunlight shines into the first tilting solar collector. The liquid in its tank expands due to heat and enters the first hydraulic cylinder on the tilting platform. The push rod of this hydraulic cylinder pushes out, pushing the pawl out of the ratchet's tooth groove, while compressing the pawl torsion spring. At this time, the ratchet is no longer restricted by the pawl and returns to its initial position under the action of the ratchet torsion spring, and the solar panel is aligned with the lower-altitude sun. 11) Repeat the process from 6) to 10) continuously to achieve the tracking and alignment of the solar panel pitch direction with the sun in different seasons.

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