A kind of hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of vibration damping parts for rail vehicles, and specifically provides an hourglass spring for two-stage vibration damping, including a rubber body, a support plate and a mounting plate, wherein the rubber body is provided with an empty vibration damping area extending to the mounting plate on both sides of the support plate; the rubber body includes a side bearing area located on both sides of the empty vibration damping area and a middle bearing area located inside the empty vibration damping area; the outer end of the side bearing area is connected to the mounting plate, and the middle bearing area is located inside the side bearing area and connected to the support plate; a stopper fixed to the mounting plate is provided in the empty vibration damping area, and the stopper includes a connecting plate and a rubber stopper block, and a buffer gap one and a buffer gap two are respectively provided between the rubber stopper block and the side bearing area and the middle bearing area, and when bearing a load, the rubber stopper block gradually approaches the rubber body and contacts the rubber body to form a stopper. The present invention can stop the hourglass spring through the rubber stopper block when it fails and continue to support the vehicle body to continue running.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicle vibration damping parts, and in particular to an hourglass spring for secondary vibration damping. Background Art

[0002] Hourglass-shaped rubber springs, referred to as hourglass springs, are usually vulcanized bodies made of metal and rubber. The two ends of the vulcanized body are large and the middle is small, with an overall hourglass structure. Hourglass springs have good vibration reduction effects due to their large elastic contraction capacity. They are mostly used in the secondary suspension devices of rail vehicles to reduce vibration and improve the stability of the vehicle body and the comfort of passengers. In the prior art, the following patents involve hourglass springs for rail vehicles or methods for adjusting their stiffness:

[0003] 1. The invention patent with the patent number "202010095225.5" and the patent name "A method for adjusting the variable stiffness of an hourglass spring through a hard stop and an hourglass spring" adopts an hourglass-shaped rubber body with a completely solid inner surface, and hard stops are respectively set on the upper end plate, lower end plate and middle support plate of the hourglass rubber spring. The stiffness of the hourglass spring is adjusted by the contact change between the hard stops on the upper end plate, lower end plate and middle support plate and the solid rubber, thereby improving the stress condition in the hourglass spring. The invention can adjust the stiffness of the hourglass rubber spring through a hard stop to achieve variable stiffness of the hourglass rubber spring.

[0004] 2. The invention patent with the patent number of "201911035873.5" and the patent name of "a nonlinear slow-down variable-rigidity hourglass spring" includes an upper damping assembly with an upper elastic body and a lower damping assembly with a lower elastic body. The upper elastic body has an upper variable-rigidity part and an upper compression-expansion body, and the lower elastic body has a lower variable-rigidity part and a lower compression-expansion body. The invention can achieve vertical, longitudinal and lateral nonlinear slow-down variable-rigidity, increase the comfort of passengers, and enhance the coordination between the carriage and the bogie.

[0005] However, the above prior art still has the following problems:

[0006] 1. The hourglass spring of the solid structure is usually too stiff, which will seriously affect the riding experience, especially when running on curved or rugged roads, which is very detrimental to the smoothness of the vehicle's operation and the comfort of passengers.

[0007] 2. Setting multiple hard stops in an hourglass spring at the same time will cause the stiffness of the hourglass spring to increase sharply when it contacts the hard stop, further reducing the riding comfort and running stability; at the same time, multiple hard stops will increase the difficulty and efficiency of product vulcanization.

[0008] In summary, how to design a secondary vibration damping hourglass spring with high operating stability and strong riding comfort and a method for changing its stiffness is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides an hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction. By arranging an idle vibration reduction zone on the rubber body and arranging a stopper in the idle vibration reduction zone, the stopper can form a stop when the hourglass spring fails, thereby improving the safety and stability of the vehicle body operation and improving the riding comfort of the passengers.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes the following technical scheme: an hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction, comprising a rubber body, a support plate and a mounting plate, the support plate and the mounting plate are respectively located in the middle and both ends of the rubber body, and an empty vibration reduction zone extending to the mounting plate is evenly opened on both sides of the support plate in the rubber body; the empty vibration reduction zone enables the rubber body to form a side bearing zone located on both sides of the empty vibration reduction zone and a middle bearing zone located inside the empty vibration reduction zone; the outer end of the side bearing zone is connected to the mounting plate, and the middle bearing zone is located inside the side bearing zone and connected to the support plate; a stopper fixed to the mounting plate is provided in the empty vibration reduction zone, and a buffer gap one and a buffer gap two are respectively provided between the stopper and the side bearing zone and the middle bearing zone, when a small load is borne, the stopper approaches the rubber body along the buffer gap one and the buffer gap two, and when the load borne gradually increases, the stopper continues to approach the rubber body and contacts the rubber body to form a stopper.

[0011] Preferably, the stop member includes a rubber stop block located on the outer side of the middle part of the idle vibration damping area, and the rubber stop block is evenly distributed with stop points D1 located on both sides of the central axis L1 of the idle vibration damping area; the inner surface of the side load-bearing area close to the rubber stop block is an arc surface structure protruding toward the rubber stop block, and there is a buffer gap 1 between the middle convex point D2 of the inner surface and the stop point D1; when a large load is applied and the rubber stop block contacts the side load-bearing area, the stop point D1 first contacts the middle convex point D2.

[0012] Preferably, the rubber stop block includes stop waist surfaces evenly distributed on both sides of the central axis L1 of the air-direction vibration reduction zone, and the lower ends of the two stop waist surfaces are connected by a stop bottom surface parallel to the support plate; the connection between the stop waist surface and the stop bottom surface is transitioned by arc 1, and the midpoint of arc 1 forms the stop point D1.

[0013] Preferably, the lower end of the inner profile is connected to the inner side of the stop bottom surface and transitioned through arc 2, and a buffer gap 2 is formed between arc 2 and the stop bottom surface; the length H1 of the line connecting the lower end points D3 and D4 of the inner profile is 0.8-1.5 times the length H2 of the buffer gap 1.

[0014] Preferably, the stop waist surface is a slope structure which gradually inclines from the direction of the mounting plate toward the direction of the support plate toward the central axis L1, and the angle α between the stop waist surface and the radial center line L2 of the support plate is greater than the angle β between the tangent of the inner profile and the radial center line L2 of the support plate.

[0015] Preferably, the stop waist surface is a curved surface structure convex toward the inner profile surface; the curvature radius of each point on the stop waist surface is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the inner profile surface.

[0016] Preferably, the stop member includes a connecting plate fixed to the outer end of the rubber stop block; a fixing platform is provided on the side of the mounting plate close to the central axis L1, and a connecting platform is provided on the connecting plate in cooperation with the fixing platform; during installation, the connecting plate is pressed onto the mounting plate and the connecting platform is pressed tightly onto the fixing platform, and the rubber stop block is installed in the air vibration reduction area.

[0017] Preferably, the support plate is an integrated structure, and the rubber body is evenly vulcanized on both sides of the support plate; the outer sides of the two sides of the support plate are provided with rubber edging, and the rubber edging includes an end straight section and a side inclined section; the thickness of the side inclined section gradually increases from the outside to the inside.

[0018] Preferably, the outer profile of the side bearing area is a curved structure convex toward the side away from the central axis L1; the middle convex point D5 of the outer profile, the middle convex point D2 of the inner profile and the stop point D1 are located on the same straight line.

[0019] Preferably, a curved surface structure rubber bag is provided on the upper part of the outer profile and is located below the mounting plate; a bottom rubber bag section connected to the rubber bag is provided below the mounting plate; the rubber bag and the bottom rubber bag section are transitioned through an arc three protruding toward the central axis L1; the curvature radius of each point on the rubber bag is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the outer profile and larger than the curvature radius of arc three.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The rubber stop block in the present invention can make the hourglass spring more reliable in use. When the external hourglass spring fails, the internal rubber stop block can stop it and allow the vehicle body to continue to run, thereby ensuring the stability of the vehicle body operation.

[0022] 2. Buffer gap 1 and buffer gap 2 are left between the rubber stop block and the rubber body in the present invention. When the initial load is small, the rubber stop block does not contact the rubber body, which can ensure the linear change of the initial stiffness. When the later load is large, the rubber stop block contacts the hourglass spring, and the stiffness of the product increases nonlinearly, which can reduce the deformation of the product under large load, meet the limit requirements of vehicle operation, and improve the comfort of passengers.

[0023] 3. The inner surface of the side load-bearing area in the present invention is an arc surface structure protruding toward the rubber stop block. When the rubber stop block contacts the rubber body, the stop waist surface will gradually fit tightly against the inner surface, thereby causing the stiffness to increase slowly and gradually, thereby avoiding discomfort to the driver and passengers caused by a sudden increase in stiffness.

[0024] 4. When the rubber stop block contacts the rubber body, the stop point D1 in the middle of the arc of the rubber stop block first contacts the middle convex point D2 of the side load-bearing area, which can improve the load-bearing stability of the rubber stop block and the rubber body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hourglass spring provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A local enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the hourglass spring provided in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure numerals: 1. rubber body; 2. support plate; 3. mounting plate; 4. air vibration reduction area; 5. side bearing area; 6. middle bearing area; 7. buffer gap one; 8. buffer gap two; 9. rubber stop block; 10. inner profile; 11. outer profile; 12. stop waist surface; 13. stop bottom surface; 14. arc one; 15. arc two; 16. arc three; 17. connecting plate; 18. fixing platform; 19. connecting platform; 20. end straight section; 21. side inclined section; 22. rubber bag; 23. bottom rubber bag section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following Figure 1-3 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] In this embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, a secondary vibration reduction hourglass spring, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a rubber body 1, a support plate 2 and a mounting plate 3. The support plate 2 is an integrated structure. The support plate 2 is located in the middle of the rubber body 1 and the rubber body 1 is uniformly vulcanized on both sides of the support plate 2; the mounting plate 3 is located at the two ends of the rubber body 1 and is uniformly vulcanized on both sides of the support plate 2.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, hollow vibration damping areas 4 extending to the mounting plate 3 are evenly opened in the rubber body 1 on both sides of the support plate 2. The hollow vibration damping areas 4 enable the rubber body 1 to form side bearing areas 5 located on both sides of the hollow vibration damping areas 4 and a middle bearing area 6 located on the inner side of the hollow vibration damping areas 4; the side bearing areas 5 and the middle bearing area 6 are an integrated rubber structure, the outer end of the side bearing area 5 is connected to the mounting plate 3, and the middle bearing area 6 is located on the inner side of the side bearing area 5 and connected to the support plate 2.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a stopper fixed on the mounting plate 3 is provided in the air damping area 4, and a buffer gap 1 7 and a buffer gap 2 8 are respectively provided between the stopper and the side bearing area 5 and the middle bearing area 6. When a small load is borne, the stopper approaches the rubber body 1 along the buffer gap 1 7 and the buffer gap 2 8. When the load borne gradually increases, the stopper continues to approach the rubber body 1 and contacts the rubber body 1 to form a stopper.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the stopper includes a rubber stop block 9 located on the outer side of the middle part of the air-direction vibration damping zone 4 and a connecting plate 17 vulcanized and fixed to the outer end of the rubber stop block 9; a fixing platform 18 is provided on the mounting plate 3 close to the central axis L1 of the air-direction vibration damping zone 4, that is, close to the central axis L1 of the hourglass spring, and a connecting platform 19 is provided on the connecting plate 17 to cooperate with the fixing platform 18; during installation, the connecting plate 17 is interference fit onto the mounting plate 3 and the connecting platform 19 is pressed onto the fixing platform 18, and at this time, the rubber stop block 9 is installed into the air-direction vibration damping zone 4.

[0035] The rubber stop block 9 includes stop waist surfaces 12 evenly distributed on both sides of the central axis L1 of the air vibration reduction zone 4, the lower ends of the two stop waist surfaces 12 are connected by a stop bottom surface 13 parallel to the support plate 2, and the connection between the stop waist surface 12 and the stop bottom surface 13 is transitioned by an arc 14; the rubber stop block 9 is evenly distributed with stop points D1 located on both sides of the central axis L1, and the midpoint of the arc 14 forms the stop point D1.

[0036] The inner surface 10 of the side load-bearing area 5 close to the rubber stop block 9 is a curved surface structure protruding toward the rubber stop block 9, and a buffer gap 7 is formed between the middle convex point D2 of the inner surface 10 and the stop point D1; when subjected to a large load and the rubber stop block 9 contacts the side load-bearing area 5, the stop point D1 first contacts the middle convex point D2, and the middle contact can improve the load stability of the rubber stop block 9 and the side load-bearing area 5. The buffer gap 7 can prevent the rubber stop block 9 from immediately contacting the rubber body 1 under a small load to increase the rigidity, thereby ensuring the safety of the vehicle body operation while improving the riding comfort of passengers.

[0037] like Figure 2As shown, the lower end of the inner profile 10 is connected to the inner side of the stop bottom surface 13 and transitioned through the arc 2 15. The middle of the arc 2 15 and the stop bottom surface 13 are buffer gaps 28. When subjected to a large load, the rubber stop block 9 can be designed to contact the arc 2 15 and further form a stop, or designed to be even when entering the limit load stage, the rubber stop block 9 still does not contact the arc 2 15, and only the stop waist surface 12 contacts the inner profile 10. At this time, the rigidity will not be increased, and the vehicle body can continue to run. In this embodiment, it is preferred to The rubber stopper 9 is designed to not contact the arc 2 15 even when entering the limit load stage; the length H1 of the line connecting the lower end points D3 and D4 of the inner profile 10 is 0.8-1.5 times the length H2 of the buffer gap 7, so as to avoid the distance between the inner profiles 10 being too narrow, resulting in the inner profiles 10 contacting when bearing a small load and affecting the performance of the product, or to avoid the distance between the inner profiles 10 being too wide, resulting in the rubber stopper 9 still not being able to contact the inner profile 10 even under a large load and affecting the performance of the product.

[0038] The stop waist surface 12 is an inclined surface structure which gradually inclines from the direction of the mounting plate 3 toward the direction of the support plate 2 toward the central axis L1. The angle α between the stop waist surface 12 and the radial center line L2 of the support plate 2 is greater than the angle β between the tangent of the inner profile 10 and the radial center line L2 of the support plate 2, so that when the stop waist surface 12 contacts the inner profile 10, the stop waist surface 12 can gradually approach the inner profile 10 to avoid a rapid increase in stiffness, so as to ensure the stability of the vehicle body operation and the comfort of the passengers.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer sides of the two sides of the support plate 2 are provided with rubber edging, which can prevent corrosion and dust and increase the service life of the product; the rubber edging includes an end straight face section 20 and a side inclined section 21; the thickness of the side inclined section 21 gradually increases from the outside to the inside, and at the same time, the outer profile 11 of the side bearing area 5 is an arc surface structure convex toward the side away from the central axis L1; when the rubber body is deformed so that the outer profile 11 of the side bearing area 5 contacts the side inclined section 21, the outer profile 11 can gradually approach the side inclined section 21 to increase the rigidity; the middle convex point D5 of the outer profile 11, the middle convex point D2 of the inner profile 10 and the stop point D1 are located on the same straight line, which can improve the overall support stability of the hourglass spring.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, a rubber bag 22 with an arc structure located below the mounting plate 3 is provided on the upper part of the outer profile 11, and a bottom rubber-encapsulated section 23 connected to the rubber bag 22 is provided below the mounting plate 3. The bottom rubber-encapsulated section 23 can release water, prevent dust and corrosion, and increase the service life of the mounting plate 3; the rubber bag 22 and the bottom rubber-encapsulated section 23 are transitioned through an arc three 16 protruding toward the central axis L1; the curvature radius of each point on the rubber bag 22 is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the outer profile 11 and larger than the curvature radius of the arc three 16; that is, relative to the outer profile 11, the rubber bag 22 protrudes more toward the side away from the central axis L1, when the mounting plate 3 is subjected to a large load so that the mounting plate 3 contacts the rubber body 1, the rubber bag 22 can improve the stability of supporting the mounting plate 3; relative to the rubber bag 22, the arc three 16 protrudes more toward the side of the central axis L1, which can prevent the rubber profile between the rubber bag 22 and the bottom rubber-encapsulated section 23 from wrinkling and deforming when the rubber is deformed, thereby increasing the service life of the rubber.

[0041] Embodiment 2

[0042] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the stop waist surface 12 is an arc surface structure protruding toward the inner profile 10; the curvature radius of each point on the stop waist surface 12 is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the inner profile 10, which can further reduce the rapid drop in stiffness when the stop waist surface 12 contacts the inner profile 10, thereby improving stability and comfort.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0044] The above specific implementations of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A secondary vibration damping hourglass spring, comprising a rubber body (1), a support plate (2) and a mounting plate (3), wherein the support plate (2) and the mounting plate (3) are respectively located at the middle and both ends of the rubber body (1), characterized in that: The rubber body (1) is provided with hollow vibration damping areas (4) extending to the mounting plate (3) on both sides of the support plate (2); the hollow vibration damping areas (4) enable the rubber body (1) to form side bearing areas (5) located on both sides of the hollow vibration damping areas (4) and a middle bearing area (6) located inside the hollow vibration damping areas (4); the outer ends of the side bearing areas (5) are connected to the mounting plate (3), and the middle bearing area (6) is located inside the side bearing areas (5) and connected to the mounting plate (3). The support plate (2) is connected; a stopper fixed to the mounting plate (3) is provided in the idle vibration damping area (4); a buffer gap 1 (7) and a buffer gap 2 (8) are respectively provided between the stopper and the side bearing area (5) and the middle bearing area (6); when a small load is borne, the stopper approaches the rubber body (1) along the buffer gap 1 (7) and the buffer gap 2 (8); when the load borne gradually increases, the stopper continues to approach the rubber body (1) and is in contact with the rubber body (1). The stopper comprises a rubber stopper block (9) located outside the middle of the idle vibration damping zone (4), and the rubber stopper block (9) is evenly distributed with stopper points D1 located on both sides of the central axis L1 of the idle vibration damping zone (4); the inner profile (10) of the side bearing zone (5) close to the rubber stopper block (9) is a curved surface structure protruding toward the rubber stopper block (9), and a buffer gap (7) is formed between the middle protrusion D2 of the inner profile (10) and the stopper point D1; When a large load is borne and the rubber stop block (9) contacts the side bearing area (5), the stop point D1 first contacts the middle convex point D2; the lower end of the inner profile (10) is connected to the inner side of the stop bottom surface (13) and transitions through the arc 2 (15), and a buffer gap 2 (8) is formed between the arc 2 (15) and the stop bottom surface (13); the length H1 of the line connecting the lower end points D3 and D4 of the inner profile (10) is 0.8-1.5 times the length H2 of the buffer gap 1 (7); the stop waist surface (12) is an inclined surface structure that gradually inclines from the direction of the mounting plate (3) toward the direction of the support plate (2) toward the central axis L1, and the angle α between the stop waist surface (12) and the radial center line L2 of the support plate (2) is greater than the angle β between the tangent of the inner profile (10) and the radial center line L2 of the support plate (2).

2. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rubber stop block (9) comprises stop waist surfaces (12) evenly distributed on both sides of the central axis L1 of the air damping zone (4), the lower ends of the two stop waist surfaces (12) being connected by a stop bottom surface (13) parallel to the support plate (2); the connection between the stop waist surface (12) and the stop bottom surface (13) is transitioned by an arc 1 (14), and the midpoint of the arc 1 (14) forms a stop point D1.

3. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stop waist surface (12) is a curved surface structure protruding toward the inner profile surface (10); the curvature radius of each point on the stop waist surface (12) is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the inner profile surface (10).

4. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stopper comprises a connecting plate (17) fixed to the outer end of the rubber stopper (9); a fixing platform (18) is provided on one side of the mounting plate (3) close to the central axis L1, and a connecting platform (19) is provided on the connecting plate (17) in cooperation with the fixing platform (18); during installation, the connecting plate (17) is pressed onto the mounting plate (3) and the connecting platform (19) is pressed onto the fixing platform (18), and the rubber stopper (9) is installed in the air damping area (4).

5. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support plate (2) is an integrated structure, and the rubber body (1) is uniformly vulcanized on both sides of the support plate (2); both sides of the support plate (2) are provided with rubber edging on the outside, and the rubber edging includes an end straight surface section (20) and a side inclined surface section (21); the thickness of the side inclined surface section (21) gradually increases from the outside to the inside.

6. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer profile (11) of the side bearing area (5) is a curved surface structure that bulges toward the side away from the central axis L1; the central convex point D5 of the outer profile (11), the central convex point D2 of the inner profile (10), and the stop point D1 are located on the same straight line.

7. The hourglass spring for secondary vibration reduction according to claim 6, characterized in that: A curved surface structure rubber bag (22) is provided on the upper part of the outer profile (11) and is located below the mounting plate (3); a bottom rubber bag section (23) connected to the rubber bag (22) is provided below the mounting plate (3); the rubber bag (22) and the bottom rubber bag section (23) are transitioned through a circular arc (16) protruding toward the central axis L1; the curvature radius of each point on the rubber bag (22) is smaller than the curvature radius of each point on the outer profile (11) and larger than the curvature radius of the circular arc (16).

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