An ecological bedrock revetment structure and its construction method

Abstract

An ecological bedrock revetment structure of the present invention includes a shore base, and is characterized in that: a steel mesh is laid on the shore base, a geotextile is laid on the steel mesh, and a gravel layer is laid on the geotextile; a concrete block is laid on the gravel layer, a wave-cutting groove is arranged on the upper surface of the concrete block, a plurality of through holes penetrating the concrete block itself are arranged in the concrete block, gravel is filled in the gap between the concrete blocks, and a slope surface made of stones is also arranged on the geotextile to be connected with the concrete block. The concrete block of the present invention can reduce the wave run-up and overtopping, improve the wave resistance of the sea-facing revetment surface, increase the porosity and specific surface area, and in addition to having ecological functions, the natural form can provide a multi-porous attachment structure for organisms, and also has the protection function of artificial blocks: the surface is rough and has voids, which can break waves and dissipate energy, reduce the erosion degree of the coast by sea waves or keep the water area in the port basin stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coastal protection facilities, and specifically relates to an ecological bedrock revetment structure and its construction method. Background Art

[0002] Through years of construction, the artificialization degree of the domestic coastline is relatively high at present. While the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities are improved, the loss of its ecological functions is also caused. Bedrock shorelines have unique ecological and disaster reduction functions. Compared with the silty beaches of the accretion type, which can form an approximate natural silty shoreline through short-term siltation to reshape a higher mudflat surface, bedrock shorelines need to be formed under specific natural conditions and the scouring environment of ocean waves for thousands of years, and they are not reproducible in the short term.

[0003] At present, many artificial shorelines are of reinforced concrete surface layer structures, with smooth surfaces, lacking pores for biological attachment, and losing their natural forms. In addition, due to the poor wave dissipation effect of the vertical smooth surface structure and its reflection of waves, which may lead to the superposition and disorder of waves in the port basin, seriously affecting the berthing of ships. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the reconstruction of near-natural ecological bedrock shorelines to enhance their ecological properties and wave dissipation effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological bedrock revetment structure and its construction method. In front of the artificial revetment, artificial bedrock blocks are arranged by referring to the natural coastal bedrock form, and the near-natural ecological bedrock shoreline reconstruction is carried out specifically by using the artificial reef method and the method of laying and scattering giant boulders according to the requirements.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An ecological bedrock revetment structure, including a shore base, characterized in that: a steel mesh is laid on the shore base, a geotextile is laid on the steel mesh, and a gravel layer is laid on the geotextile; a concrete block is laid on the gravel layer, a wave-cut groove is arranged on the upper surface of the concrete block, and a plurality of through holes penetrating the concrete block itself are arranged in the concrete block. Gravel is filled in the gap between the concrete blocks, and a slope surface made of stones is also arranged on the geotextile to connect with the concrete block.

[0007] Preferably, the steel mesh is 2 layers, laid in a staggered manner, and the geotextile is 2 layers; the stones on the slope surface are cast and laid with concrete;

[0008] Preferably, it further includes a steel wire rope, the starting end of the steel wire rope is locked on the steel mesh, and then passes through the through holes in at least 2 or more concrete blocks, and the end is locked on the steel mesh again.

[0009] Based on the above structure, the present invention also proposes a construction method of an ecological bedrock revetment structure, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) First lay the steel mesh on the treated shore foundation, and then lay the geotextile on the steel mesh;

[0011] 2) Lock the starting end of the wire rope on the steel mesh and pull it out to prevent it from being covered when laying gravel;

[0012] 3) Laying a crushed stone layer on the geotextile and drilling at least one through hole on the concrete block;

[0013] 4) Lay the concrete blocks on the gravel layer and pass the steel wire rope through the through hole of the concrete blocks. After passing through at least two concrete blocks, the end of the steel wire rope is locked on the steel mesh again. At this time, elastic traction is formed between the concrete blocks;

[0014] 5) Start to form a slope surface on the sea side by concrete masonry and stone revetment;

[0015] 6) Through long-term natural impact and erosion of seawater sediment, and the accumulation of sediment on the revetment structure, vegetation seeds are sown, and eventually a vegetation layer is formed to form an ecological bedrock revetment structure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1) The concrete block of the present invention can reduce the height of wind and wave climbing and over-the-wave, and improve the wind and wave resistance of the seaward surface protection. In addition to the ecological function, the increased porosity, increased specific surface area, and natural form also have the protective function of artificial blocks: the surface is rough and has gaps, which can achieve the purpose of breaking waves and reducing energy, reduce the degree of erosion of the coast by waves, or keep the waters in the harbor stable;

[0018] 2) The slope surface of the present invention is irregular in shape because it is built with natural stones. When the wave propagates to the coastline, the face blocks are arranged extremely irregularly, so the wave first contacts the face blocks, and most of the potential energy of the wave is offset by the face blocks. Waves, like sound waves, are mechanical waves, and will absorb part of their energy when encountering obstacles, which is mainly manifested as interference and reflection, thereby reducing the scouring of the coast by waves, protecting the coastline, reducing the degree of evolution of the coastline, and keeping the waters in the harbor stable for easy operation in the harbor;

[0019] 3) Steel wire ropes are used to connect the concrete blocks, so that elastic traction is formed between them, which further increases the stability of the bank protection structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the ecological bedrock bank protection structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is the internal structure diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is the overall view of the ecological bedrock revetment structure of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The present invention provides a technical solution: an ecological bedrock revetment structure 100, including a shore base 8, on which a steel mesh 7 is laid, on which a geotextile 9 is laid, and on which a gravel layer 10 is laid; in this embodiment, the steel mesh 7 is 2 layers, laid in a staggered manner, and the geotextile 9 is 2 layers.

[0025] On the gravel layer 10, concrete blocks 3 are laid. On the upper surface of the concrete blocks 3, wave-cutting grooves 2 are provided. Inside the concrete blocks 3, a plurality of through holes 5 penetrating the concrete blocks 3 themselves are provided. In the gaps between the concrete blocks 3, gravel 4 is filled. On the geotextile 9, there is also a slope surface 1 built with stones connected to the concrete blocks 3. The stones on the slope surface 1 are built by pouring concrete. In addition, it also includes a steel wire rope 6. The starting end of the steel wire rope 6 is locked on the steel mesh 7, and then passes through the through holes 5 in at least two or more concrete blocks 3, and the end is locked on the steel mesh 7 again.

[0026] The concrete blocks 3 are precast with concrete and generally do not contain steel bars. There are many types of blocks used as the protective layer of the breakwater. The commonly used ones in China include tetrahedral cones, four-legged hollow blocks, twisted I-shaped blocks, etc. The performance and requirements that the concrete special-shaped blocks should have are: (1) The mass of a single block can meet the requirements of stability and construction ability; (2) The stability of the blocks is good, and there is an interlocking effect between them; (3) The porosity is large and the wave-dissipating performance is good; (4) The structure of the block itself is simple and firm; (5) The construction is convenient; (6) It can adapt to a steeper slope to save the amount of core material; (7) The amount of concrete required per unit slope area is saved.

[0027] In the specific design, according to the calculation results of local coastal wave forces, the weight of artificial bedrock blocks is calculated. The mass of a single artificial bedrock block needs to meet the requirements of stability and construction capacity. Concrete block 3 can also be replaced by artificial reefs. Since artificial reefs need to have characteristics such as natural shape, large porosity, and high specific surface area, they need to be precast according to the shape of natural reefs and the naturalization processing of the surface should be done well, similar to artificial rockeries, etc. Artificial reefs adopt reinforced concrete structures, and the coarse aggregate should be as small as possible. The surface strength and density can be appropriately reduced according to needs to facilitate the erosion of sea waves in the later stage to form a shape similar to natural reefs.

[0028] For the installation of artificial reefs, tight connection with the revetment needs to be achieved through planting steel bars, and then a strip-shaped artificial bedrock belt is formed at the front of the revetment. For the method of laying and spreading giant boulders, a certain number of giant boulders of different sizes need to be laid and spread within a certain range at the front of the revetment to create an ecological bedrock shoreline shape where the reefs are scattered.

[0029] Based on the above structure, the present invention also provides a construction method for an ecological bedrock revetment structure, including the following steps:

[0030] 1) First, lay a steel mesh 7 on the treated shore base 8, and then lay a geotextile 9 on the steel mesh 7;

[0031] 2) Lock the starting end of the steel wire rope 6 on the steel mesh 7 and pull out the steel wire rope 6 to prevent it from being covered when laying crushed stones;

[0032] 3) Lay a crushed stone layer 10 on the geotextile 9. At the same time, punch at least one through hole 5 in the concrete block 3;

[0033] 4) Lay the concrete block 3 on the crushed stone layer 10, and pass the steel wire rope 6 through the through hole 5 of the concrete block 3. After a steel wire rope passes through at least two concrete blocks 3, lock the end on the steel mesh 7 again. At this time, an elastic tension is formed between the concrete blocks 3;

[0034] 5) Start to form a slope surface by building a stone revetment with concrete on the sea-facing side;

[0035] 6) Repeat steps 1)-5) and repeat the construction on the basis of this basic structure to form a slope revetment structure;

[0036] 7) Through long-term natural impact and corrosion of sea water and sediment, and sediment accumulation on the revetment structure, sow vegetation seeds, and finally form a vegetation layer to form an ecological bedrock revetment structure.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological bedrock revetment structure (100), comprising a bank foundation (8), characterized in that: A steel mesh (7) is laid on the shore base (8), a geotextile (9) is laid on the steel mesh (7), and a gravel layer (10) is laid on the geotextile (9); a concrete block (3) is laid on the gravel layer (10), a wave-cutting groove (2) is provided on the upper surface of the concrete block (3), and a plurality of through holes (5) penetrating through the concrete block (3) itself are provided in the concrete block (3). Gravel (4) is filled in the gap between the concrete blocks (3). A slope surface (1) made of stones is also provided on the geotextile (9) and is connected to the concrete block (3); the steel mesh (7) is in two layers and is laid in a staggered manner, and the geotextile (9) is in two layers; the stones of the slope surface (1) are laid by casting with concrete; a steel wire rope (6) is also included. The starting end of the steel wire rope (6) is locked on the steel mesh (7), then passes through the through holes (5) in at least two or more concrete blocks (3), and then the end is locked on the steel mesh (7) again.

2. The construction method of an ecological bedrock revetment structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps 1) First, lay the steel mesh (7) on the processed shore base (8), and then lay the geotextile (9) on the steel mesh (7); 2) Lock the starting end of the steel wire rope (6) on the steel mesh (7), and pull out the steel wire rope (6) to prevent it from being covered when laying gravel; 3) Lay the gravel layer (10) on the geotextile (9). At the same time, make at least one through hole (5) in the concrete block (3); 4) Lay the concrete block (3) on the gravel layer (10), and pass the steel wire rope (6) through the through hole (5) of the concrete block (3). One steel wire rope should pass through at least two concrete blocks (3), and then lock the end on the steel mesh (7) again. At this time, an elastic tension is formed between the concrete blocks (3); 5) Start to form a slope surface by casting stones on the sea-facing side to finally form an ecological bedrock revetment structure (100); 6) Repeat steps 1)-5) and repeat the construction on this basic structure to form a slope revetment structure; 7) Through long-term impact, natural impact and corrosion of sea water and sediment, and sediment accumulation on the revetment structure, sow vegetation seeds, and finally form a vegetation layer to form an ecological bedrock revetment structure.

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