A charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator. The generator includes a rotating assembly, a gearbox, a pump generator, and a main generator. The gearbox is used to adjust the speed ratio of the rotating assembly output to the shafts of the pump generator and the main generator. The pump generator includes a rotor module one, a stator module one, and a rectification module one. The rotor module one includes a support plate and a plurality of flexible friction films arranged at a specific phase shift angle. The input end of the rectification module one is connected to the stator module one. The main generator includes a rotor module two, a stator module two, and a rectification module two. The rotor module two is electrically connected to the output end of the rectification module one, and the stator module two is electrically connected to the input end of the rectification module two. The stator module two is divided into a plurality of concentric circular ring regions with equal areas. Each region is distributed with a plurality of electrodes with equal central angles and equal areas. Electrodes in different circular ring regions are set with specific phase shift angles to output a constant voltage through coupling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and in particular to a charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence has led to a large number of small portable electronic devices being used, which has resulted in an increasing demand for distributed energy. Triboelectric nanogenerators can convert scattered mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy based on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. Due to its advantages of low cost, light weight, diverse material selection, simple structure manufacturing, and high conversion efficiency at low frequencies, triboelectric nanogenerators will become an important direction for the development of distributed energy. As a power supply device, the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators has always been a focus of research work. Generally, triboelectrification inevitably requires contact friction. For sliding triboelectric nanogenerators, high output often means strong contact friction, which will cause interface heat generation and material wear, resulting in a decline in the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators. Therefore, improving the durability of triboelectric nanogenerators to enhance their output is a problem that researchers need to solve. The non-contact mode provides a direction for the research of high-durability triboelectric nanogenerators due to no wear and a theoretically 100% energy conversion efficiency. However, charge decay in the non-contact mode will cause the output of triboelectric nanogenerators not to be maintained for a long time. Therefore, how to improve the durability of triboelectric power generation while maintaining high output is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] There have been some research works to improve the output of non-contact triboelectric nanogenerators by additionally increasing friction materials or using centrifugal force to achieve automatic conversion between contact and non-contact modes. However, due to the low triboelectrification effect, the output of triboelectric nanogenerators is still limited. Charge excitation strategies (including external excitation and self-excitation) largely relieve the limitations of triboelectrification and provide a good idea for improving the performance of non-contact triboelectric nanogenerators. There have been works to improve the output of non-contact triboelectric nanogenerators through charge excitation strategies and achieved good progress. However, the inherent pulse output characteristics of triboelectric nanogenerators (the output peak ratio is between 6 and 10) result in its effective output being much lower than the peak value and cannot directly drive electronic devices to work. Some research has shown that the output peak ratio of triboelectric nanogenerators can be effectively reduced through phase shift to achieve a constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator. At the same time, it is revealed that a triboelectric nanogenerator with a constant-voltage output has a higher energy output when charging a capacitor. The principle of a charge pump is similar to a generator charging a capacitor. Therefore, charge excitation based on a constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator will be more advantageous. However, current charge excitation research is all for triboelectric nanogenerators with pulse outputs, and the application of the charge pump strategy to further improve the output of constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerators has not been studied. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, in view of the technical problems in the prior art that the friction layer of the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator has low durability and low voltage output efficiency, the present invention provides a charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0005] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: A charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator, which includes: a rotating assembly, a gearbox, a pump generator, and a main generator.

[0006] The gearbox is shaft-connected to the rotating assembly, a pump generator, and a main generator. The gearbox is used to adjust the speed ratio output from the rotating assembly to the shafts of the pump generator and the main generator.

[0007] The pump generator includes a rotor module one, a stator module one, and a rectification module one. The rotor module one includes a support plate and a plurality of flexible friction films. The input end of the rectification module one is electrically connected to the stator module one, and the rectification module one is used to couple the pulsed voltage generated by the stator module one. The plurality of flexible friction films on the support plate are arranged at a specific phase shift angle so that the rectification module one couples out a constant excitation voltage.

[0008] The main generator includes a rotor module two, a stator module two, and a rectification module two. A dielectric film is covered on the rotor module two or the stator module two. The rotor module two includes a rotor carrier and a plurality of rotor electrodes in the form of interdigital electrodes uniformly distributed on the rotor carrier, and the plurality of rotor electrodes are electrically connected to the output end of the rectification module one. The stator module two includes a plurality of stator electrodes two. The input end of the rectification module two is electrically connected to the plurality of stator electrodes two, and the rectification module two is used to couple and output the voltages with different phases generated by the stator module two. The stator module two is divided into a plurality of concentric ring regions with equal areas, and on each of the ring regions, the plurality of stator electrodes two with equal central angle sizes and equal areas and connected in the form of interdigital electrodes are distributed. The stator electrodes two in different ring regions are set at a specific phase shift angle according to the number of the ring regions so that the rectification module two outputs a constant voltage.

[0009] Further, the rotating assembly includes a power acquisition module, a first rotating shaft, and a second rotating shaft. One end of the first rotating shaft is connected to the power acquisition module, and the other end is connected to the second rotating shaft through the gearbox. The rotor module one is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft, and the rotor module two is fixedly sleeved on the second rotating shaft. The power acquisition module drives the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft to rotate, so that the rotor module one and the rotor module two form a specific speed ratio under the action of the gearbox.

[0010] Further, n grooves are provided on the support plate and are arranged in a radially divergent pattern centered around the center, where the angle between two adjacent grooves is A, and the remaining grooves are arranged at equal angles. The shapes of the multiple flexible friction films are the same, and one end of each flexible friction film is sequentially arranged on one side of the support plate through the grooves. The extension plane of the flexible friction film forms an inclined angle with the plane where the first stator electrode is located. Among them, the angle A is:

[0011]

[0012] Further, the first stator module includes a first stator carrier and multiple first stator electrodes. The multiple first stator electrodes are evenly distributed on the first stator carrier in a radially divergent pattern centered around the center of the first stator carrier. The multiple stator electrodes are electrically connected to the input end of the first rectification module.

[0013] Further, the second stator module further includes a second stator carrier. The multiple second stator electrodes include multiple inner ring electrodes and multiple outer ring electrodes that are evenly distributed on the second stator carrier. The second stator module is divided into two concentric ring regions with equal areas. The outer ring electrodes are distributed in the outer ring region of the ring region, and the inner ring electrodes are distributed in the inner ring region of the ring region. The phase shift between the outer ring electrodes and the inner ring electrodes is one-half of the central angle size of the second stator electrodes.

[0014] Further, the rotor electrodes, the outer ring electrodes, and the inner ring electrodes have the same number and central angle, and the area sizes of the outer ring electrodes and the inner ring electrodes are both one-half of the area size of the rotor electrodes.

[0015] Further, the nanogenerator further includes a housing that houses the pump generator and the main generator, and both the first stator carrier and the second stator carrier are connected to the housing.

[0016] Further, the first rectification module includes multiple rectifier bridge circuits. Two adjacent first stator electrodes are respectively electrically connected to two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, and the same-pole output ends of the multiple rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the first rectification module. The second rectification module includes two rectifier bridge circuits. Two electrodes of the multiple inner ring electrodes are respectively connected to two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, and the multiple outer ring electrodes are connected to two input ends of another rectifier bridge circuit in the same way, and the same-pole output ends of the two rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the second rectification module.

[0017] Further, the distance between the first stator module and the first rotor module in the pump generator is adjustable, and the distance between the second rotor module and the second stator module in the main generator is adjustable.

[0018] Further, the nanogenerator can also be combined with a rotating assembly to sequentially arrange multiple groups of main generators to further improve the current output of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution disclosed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. Based on the output characteristics of the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator, the pump generator designed in the present invention sets a specific phase shift angle according to the number of flexible friction films on the rotor module, and couples the pulsed voltages generated by the friction between multiple stator electrodes and the flexible friction films into a constant voltage through the first rectification module, and uses the constant voltage as the excitation voltage of the main generator. Creatively using the constant voltage as the excitation voltage of the main generator improves the energy output efficiency;

[0021] 2. The present invention adjusts the electrode singularity of the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator. By dividing the electrodes on the stator module of the main generator into concentric circular ring regions with equal areas, and arranging stator electrodes in the form of interdigitated electrodes with a specific phase shift on the concentric circular ring regions, using the constant voltage generated by coupling the pump generator as the excitation voltage, and inducing charges on the stator module electrodes through the non-contact mutual rotation between the stator module and the rotor module of the main generator. In this way, the stator module with a specific phase shift generates an output of a constant voltage signal through the coupling of the rectification module;

[0022] 3. The present invention greatly solves the problem of easy wear of the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator through the self-adaptive contact friction realized by the pump engine and the non-contact electrostatic induction method of the main generator. Through the design method of the present invention, the durability of the triboelectric nanogenerator is improved;

[0023] 4. Regarding the problem of the decline in the output performance of the generator caused by the charge decay of the non-contact mode triboelectric nanogenerator, the present invention introduces a charge excitation strategy to improve the output of the non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0024] 5. Different from the previous pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator with charge excitation, the present invention uses a constant voltage triboelectric nanogenerator as the pump generator to further improve the energy output of the triboelectric nanogenerator. At the same time, the main generator is also a non-contact constant voltage triboelectric nanogenerator without wear, which can continuously and directly drive electronic devices. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the non-contact constant voltage triboelectric nanogenerator with charge excitation in Embodiment 1;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the rotating assembly in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 3 Combined schematic diagram of the rotating assembly, pump generator and main generator in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the pump generator assembly in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the phase shift design of the pump generator in this embodiment;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the circuit of the triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the output voltage of the pump generator at different spacings and different rotational speeds in this embodiment;

[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the main generator rotor module in this embodiment;

[0033] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the main generator stator module in this embodiment;

[0034] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the phase shift of the stator electrodes of the main generator in this embodiment;

[0035] Figure 11 Output current and crest ratio of the main generator at different air gaps under the action of 800V voltage in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 12 Output current and crest ratio of the main generator under the action of different voltages in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the combined placement of different numbers of main generators;

[0038] Figure 14 Output current of different numbers of main generators in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the current and voltage outputs of 6 parallel main generators at different rotational speeds in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 16 Comparison of voltage and energy outputs of charging a capacitor by the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator and the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the durability comparison between the non-contact charge-excited constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator, the sliding triboelectric nanogenerator, and the self-adaptive mode triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment.

[0042] Description of the main component symbols

[0043] 1. Pump generator, 2. Main generator, 3. Rotating assembly, 4. Housing, 11. Rotor module 1, 12. Stator module 1, 13. Rectifier module 1, 111. Support plate, 112. Flexible friction film, 121. Stator carrier 1, 122. Stator electrode 1, 21. Rotor module 2, 22. Stator module 2, 23. Rectifier module 2, 211. Rotor carrier, 212. Rotor electrode, 221. Stator carrier 2, 222. Inner ring electrode, 223. Outer ring electrode, 31. Power acquisition module, 32. Shaft 1, 33. Shaft 2, 34. Gearbox.

[0044] The above descriptions of the main component symbols will further elaborate on the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Specific embodiments

[0045] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may also be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0048] This embodiment provides a charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator, which can generate a constant voltage through a non-contact method. Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the triboelectric nanogenerator includes: a rotating assembly 3, a gearbox 34, a pump generator 1, a main generator 2, and a housing 4.

[0049] The rotating assembly 3 includes a power acquisition module 31, a first rotating shaft 32, and a second rotating shaft 33. The pump generator 1 includes a first rotor module 11, a first stator module 12, and a first rectification module 13. The main generator 2 includes a second rotor module 21, a second stator module 22, and a second rectification module 23.

[0050] The rotating assembly 3 is shaft-connected to the pump generator 1 and is shaft-connected to the main generator 2 through a gearbox 34. One end of the first rotating shaft 32 is connected to the power acquisition module 31, and the other end is coupled to the second rotating shaft 33 through the gearbox 34. The first rotor module 11 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft 32, and the second rotor module 21 is fixedly sleeved on the second rotating shaft 33. The power acquisition module 31 drives the first rotating shaft 32 and the second rotating shaft 33 to rotate, so that the first rotor module 11 and the second rotor module 21 form a specific speed ratio under the action of the gearbox 34. The housing 4 houses the pump generator 1 and the main generator 2, and both the first stator carrier 121 and the second stator carrier 221 are connected to the housing 4. The distance between the first stator module 12 provided on the inner wall of the housing 4 and the first rotor module 11 provided on the first rotating shaft 32 in the pump generator 1 is adjustable, and the distance between the second rotor module 21 provided on the second rotating shaft 33 and the second stator module 22 provided on the inner wall of the housing 4 in the main generator 2 is adjustable. The first rotor module 11 includes a support plate 111 and a plurality of flexible friction films 112. The plurality of flexible friction films 112 are provided on the support plate 111. Two input ends of the first rectification module 13 are electrically connected to the electrodes of the first stator module 12. The plurality of flexible friction films 112 of the first rotor module 11 rotate relative to the first stator module 12. The flexible friction films 112 generate pulsed voltages by rubbing on the first stator module 12, and the first rectification module 13 couples the pulsed voltages generated by the electrodes on the first stator module 12. The support plate 111 is provided with n grooves arranged in a divergent shape along the center. The angle between two adjacent grooves is A, and the remaining grooves are arranged at equal angles. The shapes of the plurality of flexible friction films 112 are the same, and one end of each flexible friction film 112 is sequentially arranged on one side of the support plate 111 through the grooves. The extension surface of the flexible friction film 112 forms an inclined angle with the plane where the first stator electrode 122 is located. Since the plurality of flexible friction films 112 have different phase shift angles, the rubbing sequence of the flexible friction films 112 with the electrodes on the first stator module 12 is also different. Pulsed charges with different phase shifts are output from the electrodes of the first stator module 12 and enter the first rectification module 13 for coupling, so that the first rectification module 13 can couple the polyphase pulsed voltages output from the electrodes of the first stator module 12 into a constant excitation voltage. Among them, the angle A is:

[0051]

[0052] The stator module 12 includes a stator carrier 121 and a plurality of stator electrodes 122. The plurality of stator electrodes 122 are evenly distributed on the stator carrier 121 in a central divergent manner with the center of the stator carrier 121 as the center of the circle. The plurality of stator electrodes are electrically connected to the input end of the rectification module 13.

[0053] A dielectric film is covered on the rotor module 21 or the stator module 22. The rotor module 21 includes a rotor carrier 211 and a plurality of rotor electrodes 212. The plurality of rotor electrodes 212 are evenly distributed on the rotor carrier 211, and the plurality of rotor electrodes 212 are in the form of interdigital electrodes. The plurality of rotor electrodes 212 in the form of interdigital electrodes are electrically connected to the two output ends of the rectification module 13, and the constant steady excitation charges coupled by the stator module 12 are respectively introduced into the two groups of rotor electrodes 212 in the form of interdigital electrodes. The stator module 22 includes a plurality of stator electrodes two. The input end of the rectification module 23 is electrically connected to the plurality of stator electrodes two. The rectification module 23 is used to couple and output the voltages with different phase shifts generated by the stator module 22. The stator module 22 is divided into a plurality of concentric ring regions with equal areas. On each of the ring regions, the plurality of stator electrodes two with equal central angle sizes, equal areas and connected in the form of interdigital electrodes are distributed. The stator electrodes two in different ring regions are provided with specific phase shift angles according to the number of the ring regions so that the rectification module 23 outputs a constant voltage.

[0054] In the above process, the rectification module 13 includes a plurality of rectifier bridge circuits. Adjacent two stator electrodes 122 are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, and the same-pole output ends of the plurality of rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the rectification module 13. The rectification module 23 includes two rectifier bridge circuits. The two electrodes of the plurality of inner ring electrodes 222 are respectively connected to the two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, and the plurality of outer ring electrodes 223 are connected to the two input ends of another rectifier bridge circuit in the same way, and the same-pole output ends of the two rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the rectification module 23.

[0055] Please refer to again Figure 2 , in an embodiment of a specific rotating assembly 3, the power acquisition module 31 uses a wind cup. One end of the rotating shaft 32 is connected to the wind cup, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the housing 4 and is connected to the gearbox 34. One end of the rotating shaft 33 extends into the inner cavity of the housing 4 and is connected to the gearbox 34. The wind cup collects external power and outputs the power to the rotating shaft 32 and the rotating shaft 33. Since there is a gearbox 34 between the rotating shaft 32 and the rotating shaft 33, the rotating shaft 32 and the rotating shaft 33 can adjust different speed ratios according to actual needs.

[0056] In an embodiment of a specific pump generator 1, please refer toFigure 4 and Figure 5 , the stator module 12 is a PCB disk with a diameter of 10 cm and 12 copper electrode sectors plated on it. Among them, the 12 copper electrodes serve as the first stator electrodes 122, and the PCB disk serves as the first stator carrier 121. The first stator carrier 121 is coaxially sleeved on the first rotating shaft 32 and its edge is connected to the inner wall of the housing 4. The 12 copper electrodes have the same size and central angle, are closely arranged with each other, and adjacent copper electrodes are not electrically connected. The first rotor module 11 includes a support plate 111 and 6 flexible friction films 112. The support plate 111 has the same size as the first stator carrier 121, is coaxially sleeved and fixed on the first rotating shaft 32, and 6 radial grooves are provided on the support plate 111. The extension lines of the radial grooves all converge at the center of the support plate 111. The angle between two of the radial grooves is 85°, and the angles between the remaining radial grooves are all 55°. The 6 flexible friction films 112 have the same shape and are all fixed on the support plate 111 through the radial grooves. The end of the flexible friction film 112 away from the support plate 111 forms an inclined angle with the plane where the first stator electrode 122 is located, and the contact area size between a single flexible friction film 112 and the plane where the first stator electrode 122 is located is optimally the area size of a first stator electrode 122. The flexible friction film 112 is made of polyvinyl chloride film (PVC). PVC has strong electronegativity and certain toughness, so it is suitable for making flexible friction materials.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 6 , based on the above design of the first stator module 12 and the first rotor module 11 of the specific pump generator 1, the first rectification module 13 includes 6 rectifier bridge circuits. Two adjacent first stator electrodes 122 in the first stator module 12 are respectively electrically connected to two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit. The two output ends of the 6 rectifier bridge circuits are respectively connected to the two output ends of the first rectification module 13. A constant excitation voltage can be obtained at the output end of the first rectification module 13.

[0058] In the design of the above pump generator 1, the first stator module 12 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 4, the first rotor module 11 is fixed to the first rotating shaft 32, and the distance between the first stator module 12 and the first rotor module 11 can be adjusted. Therefore, two groups of experiments were respectively carried out for the above specific pump generator 1:

[0059] Experiment 1: Taking the distance between the first stator module 12 and the first rotor module 11 as the independent variable, the voltage output of the first stator module 12 was monitored by adjusting the distance between the support plate 111 and the first rotor carrier 211. Please refer to Figure 7, when the distance between the support plate 111 and the first rotor carrier 211 is 5 mm, the output voltage is lower than 1000 V. When the distance reaches 6 - 7 mm, the output voltage is the highest and approaches 1100 V. When the distance further increases, the output voltage gradually decreases. This experiment also verifies that the planar contact area between the flexible friction film 112 and the first stator module 12 being the size of the area of one first stator electrode 122 is the most appropriate.

[0060] Experiment 2: Take the rotational speed of the first rotating shaft 32 as the independent variable. Please refer again to Figure 7 , within the range of rotational speed from 0.25 r / s -1 to 1.00 r / s -1 , the frictional power generation between the first stator module 12 and the first rotor module 11 increases with the increase of the rotational speed, and the amplitude of the output voltage increases linearly.

[0061] In a specific embodiment of the main generator 2, please refer to Figure 8 , the second rotor module 21 uses a PCB disk with a diameter of 16 cm as the second rotor carrier 211. A hole is opened in the center of the PCB disk and it is coaxially sleeved and fixed on the second rotating shaft 33. There are 48 rotor electrodes 212 on the disk with equal areas and central angles. The rotor electrodes 212 are connected in the form of interdigital electrodes, and the two groups of electrodes of the interdigital electrodes are respectively electrically connected to the two output ends of the first rectification module 13 through a brush assembly arranged on the second rotating shaft 33, so that the excitation charges under the constant voltage coupled by the pump generator 1 are transmitted to the rotor electrodes 212. The second stator carrier 221 uses the same PCB disk as the second rotor carrier 211. The second stator carrier 221 is coaxially sleeved on the second rotating shaft 33 and is connected to the inner wall of the housing 4. Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10, the surface of the stator carrier two 221 is divided into two concentric circular ring regions with the same area size, hereinafter referred to as the inner ring region and the outer ring region. The outer diameter of the inner ring region is 10.6 cm, and the outer diameter of the outer ring region is 15 cm. There are 48 inner ring electrodes 222 arranged in the form of interdigital electrodes on the inner ring region, and 48 outer ring electrodes 223 arranged in the form of interdigital electrodes are also provided on the outer ring region. The inner ring electrodes 222 and the outer ring electrodes 223 have the same area and central angle size, and the size of the central angle is the same as that of the central angle of the rotor electrode 212 two, both being 7.5°. A dielectric film is provided on the surface of the stator carrier or the surface of the rotor carrier 211. The area size of one rotor electrode 212 two is equal to the sum of the areas of one inner ring electrode 222 and one outer ring electrode 223. The inner ring electrodes 222 on the inner ring region and the rotor electrode 212 two form a generator one, and the outer ring electrodes 223 on the outer ring region and the rotor electrode 212 two form a generator two. The inner ring electrodes 222 on the inner ring region and the outer ring electrodes 223 on the outer ring region are provided with a stagger angle of 3.75°. By setting the stagger angle, the voltages generated by the inner ring electrodes 222 and the outer ring electrodes 223 have different phases.

[0062] Based on the design of the stator module two 22 and the rotor module two 21 of the above-mentioned specific main generator 2, please refer to again Figure 6 , the rectifier module two 23 includes 2 rectifier bridge circuits, and the two input ends of the 2 rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected to the inner ring electrodes 222 and the outer ring electrodes 223 respectively. When the rotor module two 21 with the excitation charge under the constant voltage coupled out by the pump generator 1 rotates relative to the stator module two 22 driven by the rotating shaft two 33, the inner ring electrodes 222 on the inner ring region and the outer ring electrodes 223 on the outer ring region respectively output electrical outputs with different phases.

[0063] In the design of the above-mentioned main generator 2, the stator module two 22 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 4, the rotor module two 21 is fixed to the rotating shaft two 33, and the distance between the stator module two 22 and the rotor module two 21 is adjustable. Therefore, two groups of experiments were carried out for the above-mentioned specific pump generator 1 respectively:

[0064] Experiment three: Take the distance between the stator module two 22 and the rotor module two 21 as the independent variable, please refer to Figure 11 , monitor the current output of the stator module two 22 by adjusting the distance between the stator module two 22 and the rotor module two 21 under the action of an 800V voltage. When the distance between the stator module two 22 and the rotor module two 21 gradually increases from 0 - 1 mm, the output current gradually decreases from 14 μA to 2 μA, and the peak ratio remains almost unchanged (~1.2).

[0065] Experiment four: The output current and peak ratio of the main generator 2 under the action of different voltages, please refer to Figure 12, within the range of the input voltage from 200V to 1200V, as the input voltage of the main generator 2 increases by 200V each time, the output current of the main generator 2 has an increase of nearly 2μA, and at the same time, the crest factor does not increase (~1.2). In other embodiments, multiple sets of the main generator 2 can be connected in parallel on the second rotating shaft 33, and the remaining main generators 2 are set according to the setting method of the main generator 2 as described above. The following experiments are conducted on the influence of the number of the main generators 2 on the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator:

[0066] Experiment Five: At the same input voltage, please refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 , one to six main generators 2 are respectively set on the second rotating shaft 33. When the number of the main generators 2 is 1, the average output current is 7.5μA. When the number of the main generators 2 is 6, the average output current is about 34μA. It can be concluded that the output of the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator increases linearly with the increase in the number of the main generators 2. Please refer to Figure 15 , in this experiment, the number of the main generators is set to 6, and the rotational speed of the pump generator is set in the range of 0.25 - 1.00 r.s -1 interval. When the rotational speed of the pump generator gradually increases, the output current of the main generator set increases linearly, while the output voltage of the main generator set first increases and then gradually stabilizes. When the rotational speed of the pump generator is 1.00 r s -1 , the output voltage of the main generator set reaches ~470V, and during the process of increasing the rotational speed of the pump generator, the main generator set still maintains a constant-voltage output.

[0067] In the above process, the rotor module one 11 of the pump generator 1 adopts a specific phase-shift angle arrangement of the flexible friction film 112. The first rotating shaft 32 drives the rotor module one 11 to rub on the electrodes of the stator module one 12 to generate outputs with different phases. Multiple outputs with different phases are connected to the rectifying module one 13 and then coupled into a constant-voltage output, and this constant voltage serves as the excitation voltage source for the rotor module two 21 of the main generator 2. The stator module two 22 of the main generator 2 is provided with a plurality of rings with the same area, and stator electrodes two with a certain phase-shift arrangement are arranged inside the rings. The rotor module two 21 of the main generator 2 can, without contacting the stator module two 22, induce charges on the stator module two 22 through the excitation charges under the constant voltage introduced by itself, and generate a constant-voltage output under the coupling action of the rectifying module two 23, that is, the charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator to be realized in this embodiment. In order to further verify the difference between the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator provided in this embodiment and the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator, the following two groups of experiments are respectively conducted:

[0068] Experiment Six: Compare the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator provided in this embodiment with the traditional pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator. Please refer to Figure 16, The principle of the charge pump is similar to that a TENG acting as a voltage source charges a capacitor for another TENG. Through the cyclic experiments of charging a capacitor with two types of triboelectric nanogenerators respectively, it can be seen from the voltage change curve that when the number of charging cycles reaches 6 times, the charging rate of the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator drops significantly, while the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator continues to maintain a relatively high charging rate. When the number of cycles reaches 25 times, the charging voltage of the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator for the capacitor is 400V higher than that of the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator. In terms of output energy, at the 6th cycle, the output growth rate of the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator decreases significantly. During the whole verification process, the output energy of the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator is 240% higher than that of the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator. Therefore, whether in terms of durability, output voltage or output energy, the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator is far superior to the pulsed triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0069] Experiment 7: Please refer to Figure 17 , Similarly, the charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment is compared with the sliding triboelectric nanogenerator and the self-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator through multiple cyclic tests. The output retention rate of the sliding triboelectric nanogenerator drops to 20% at 500,000 times, and the output retention rate of the self-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator drops to 45% at 2 million times. The output retention rate of the charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator is still as high as 80%.

[0070] Compared with the traditional contact triboelectric nanogenerator, the charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator significantly improves the durability of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Moreover, by continuously connecting multiple main generators 2 in parallel behind the main generator 2, the output of the generator can be greatly increased. Such a triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced output and improved durability can be used to collect wind energy or water wave energy, providing new ideas for the supply of new clean energy.

[0071] In summary, compared with the prior art, the charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator provided in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0072] 1. Compared with the traditional contact triboelectric nanogenerator, the non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator without wear significantly improves the durability of the triboelectric nanogenerator compared with the traditional triboelectric nanogenerator;

[0073] 2. By combining charge excitation and non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator, while improving the durability of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the output performance of the non-contact triboelectric nanogenerator is also improved;

[0074] 3. By adjusting the distance between the pump generator and the main generator module, the maximum value of the voltage output of the pump generator can be measured according to the actual situation. Similarly, higher output can be obtained by controlling the speed ratio of the two generators.

[0075] 4. Using a constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator as the pump generator can further improve the energy output of the triboelectric nanogenerator. At the same time, the main generator is also a constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator, which can directly drive electronic devices.

[0076] 5. As the number of main generators increases, the output of the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator increases nearly linearly. Increasing the number of main generators can further improve the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator, which opens up more application scenarios for the constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator provided in this embodiment. At the same time, users can also increase the corresponding number of main generators according to the actual situation.

[0077] 6. Through different combinations of phase-shift design schemes and the appropriate speed ratio of the main generator and the pump generator, the constant-voltage output of the triboelectric nanogenerator can be achieved. This embodiment only provides a specific scheme for the number and phase-shift setting. According to the requirements of voltage stability, users can further achieve constant-voltage output by setting more groups of the annular area of the main generator and the number of flexible friction films of the pump generator.

[0078] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0079] The above-described embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, The nanogenerator includes: A rotating assembly (3); A gearbox (34) which is shaft-connected to the rotating assembly (3), a pump generator (1) and a main generator (2); the gearbox (34) is used to adjust the speed ratio output from the rotating assembly (3) to the shafts of the pump generator (1) and the main generator (2); The pump generator (1) includes a rotor module one (11), a stator module one (12) and a rectification module one (13); the rotor module one (11) includes a support plate (111) and a plurality of flexible friction films (112); the input end of the rectification module one (13) is electrically connected to the stator module one (12), and the rectification module one (13) is used to couple the pulsed voltage generated by the stator module one (12); the plurality of flexible friction films (112) on the support plate (111) are arranged at a specific phase shift angle so that the rectification module one (13) couples out a constant excitation voltage; and The main generator (2) includes a rotor module two (21), a stator module two (22) and a rectification module two (23); a dielectric film is covered on the rotor module two (21) or the stator module two (22); the rotor module two (21) includes a rotor carrier (211) and a plurality of rotor electrodes (212) uniformly distributed on the rotor carrier (211) in the form of interdigital electrodes, and the plurality of rotor electrodes (212) are electrically connected to the output end of the rectification module one (13); the stator module two (22) includes a plurality of stator electrodes two; the input end of the rectification module two (23) is electrically connected to the plurality of stator electrodes two, and the rectification module two (23) is used to couple and output the voltages with different phases generated by the stator module two (22); the stator module two (22) is divided into a plurality of concentric circular ring regions with equal areas, and on each of the circular ring regions, the plurality of stator electrodes two with equal central angle sizes, equal area sizes and connected in the form of interdigital electrodes are distributed, and the stator electrodes two in different circular ring regions are set at a specific phase shift angle according to the number of the circular ring regions so that the rectification module two (23) outputs a constant voltage.

2. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating assembly (3) includes a power acquisition module (31), a first rotating shaft (32) and a second rotating shaft (33); one end of the first rotating shaft (32) is connected to the power acquisition module (31), and the other end is coupled to the second rotating shaft (33) through the gearbox (34), the rotor module one (11) is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft (32), and the rotor module two (21) is fixedly sleeved on the second rotating shaft (33); the power acquisition module (31) drives the first rotating shaft (32) and the second rotating shaft (33) to rotate, so that the rotor module one (11) and the rotor module two (21) form a specific speed ratio under the action of the gearbox (34).

3. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support plate (111) is provided with n grooves arranged in a radially divergent pattern centered around the center, where the angle between two adjacent grooves is A, and the remaining grooves are arranged at equal angles; the shapes of the multiple flexible friction films (112) are the same, and one end of each is sequentially arranged on one side of the support plate (111) through the grooves, and the extension plane of the flexible friction film (112) forms an inclined angle with the plane where the stator electrode one (122) is located; wherein, the angle A is:

4. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator module one (12) includes a stator carrier one (121) and multiple stator electrodes one (122), and the multiple stator electrodes one (122) are evenly distributed on the stator carrier one (121) in a radially divergent pattern centered around the center of the stator carrier one (121); the multiple stator electrodes one (122) are electrically connected to the input end of the rectification module one (13).

5. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator module two (22) further includes a stator carrier two (221), and the multiple stator electrodes two include multiple inner ring electrodes (222) and multiple outer ring electrodes (223) evenly distributed on the stator carrier two (221); the stator module two (22) is divided into two concentric ring regions with equal areas, the outer ring electrodes (223) are distributed in the outer ring region of the ring region, the inner ring electrodes (222) are distributed in the inner ring region of the ring region, and the phase shift between the outer ring electrodes (223) and the inner ring electrodes (222) is half of the central angle size of the stator electrode two.

6. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotor electrode (212), the outer ring electrode (223), and the inner ring electrode (222) all have the same number and central angle, and the area sizes of both the outer ring electrode (223) and the inner ring electrode (222) are half of the area size of the rotor electrode (212).

7. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanogenerator further includes a housing (4), the housing (4) houses the pump generator (1) and the main generator (2), and both the stator carrier one (121) and the stator carrier two (221) are connected to the housing (4).

8. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectification module one (13) includes multiple rectifier bridge circuits, two adjacent stator electrodes one (122) are respectively electrically connected to the two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, and the same-pole output ends of the multiple rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the rectification module one (13); the rectification module two (23) includes two rectifier bridge circuits, the two electrodes of the multiple inner ring electrodes (222) are respectively connected to the two input ends of the same rectifier bridge circuit, the multiple outer ring electrodes (223) are connected to the two input ends of another rectifier bridge circuit in the same way, and the same-pole output ends of the two rectifier bridge circuits are electrically connected as the output end of the rectification module two (23).

9. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the stator module one (12) and the rotor module one (11) in the pump generator (1) is adjustable, and the distance between the rotor module two (21) and the stator module two (22) in the main generator (2) is adjustable.

10. The charge-excited non-contact constant-voltage triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanogenerator can also be combined with a rotating assembly (3) to sequentially arrange multiple groups of main generators (2) to further increase the current output of the nanogenerator.

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