A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, which comprises a carbonization furnace, the carbonization furnace comprising a furnace body, a sealing support and a separator, one end of the furnace body being connected with the sealing support in a dynamic sealing mode, the other end of the furnace body being connected with the separator in a dynamic sealing mode and being communicated with the separator, the sealing support being provided with a first air inlet, the top of the separator being provided with a first air outlet, the bottom of the separator being provided with a discharge port, the sidewall of the separator being provided with a second air outlet, the furnace body being provided with a radiator, one end of the radiator being communicated with the first air inlet, the other end of the radiator being communicated with the second air outlet; a driver, the driver being used for driving the furnace body to rotate; and a burner, the burner comprising a second air inlet and a third air outlet, the second air inlet being communicated with the first air outlet, the third air outlet being communicated with the first air inlet. Thus, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system is used conveniently and clean emission is achieved by setting the burner to sufficiently combust the pyrolysis gas at high temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biochar production technology, and in particular to a biomass pyrolysis char production system. Background Technology

[0002] Replacing traditional fossil fuels with biomass renewable energy is a crucial pathway to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Thermal pretreatment of raw biomass (agricultural and forestry biomass residues) can produce biochar with uniform physicochemical properties and high calorific value, capable of replacing traditional fossil coal of the same quality. Traditional pyrolysis char production typically generates large amounts of gas and oil. The presence of tar significantly impacts the pyrolysis and gasification systems. Tar is liquid below 200°C, and this liquid tar combines with dust and water, easily clogging pipes and equipment, severely reducing the efficiency of the pyrolysis and gasification system. To address this, existing technologies use air-cooled towers, water-cooled towers, acetic acid spray towers, and gas filter towers to reduce the tar content in the fuel gas. However, this approach not only increases equipment costs significantly but also results in substantial energy loss due to the rapid cooling process for condensing tar, as the outlet temperature of the pyrolysis gas is typically around 600°C. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system, which achieves clean emissions by directly igniting the pyrolysis gas, avoiding tar treatment processes, reducing system costs, and preventing energy loss.

[0004] A biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: A carbonization furnace includes a furnace body, a sealing support, and a separator. One end of the furnace body is dynamically sealed to the sealing support, and the other end is dynamically sealed to and connected to the separator. The sealing support is provided with a first air inlet. The separator is provided with a first air outlet at the top, a discharge outlet at the bottom, and a second air outlet on the side wall. A radiator is provided inside the furnace body. One end of the radiator is connected to the first air inlet, and the other end is connected to the second air outlet. A driver, the driver being used to drive the furnace body to rotate; and The burner includes a second air inlet and a third air outlet, the second air inlet being connected to the first air outlet and the third air outlet being connected to the first air inlet.

[0005] Therefore, by setting up a burner to fully combust the pyrolysis gas at high temperature, the tar is directly removed, eliminating the need for various towers to process the tar. This system is convenient to use and produces clean emissions. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner can also be used to supplement the energy of the biomass raw material pyrolysis and carbonization, thereby recovering some of the heat in the high-temperature flue gas, greatly improving the energy utilization rate. At the same time, it also avoids the loss of a large amount of heat energy due to condensation of tar.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the burner includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are interconnected. The first chamber is located on the side of the burner near the second air inlet, and the second chamber is located on the side of the burner near the third air outlet. The second chamber contains a plurality of heat storage elements.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, adjacent heat storage bodies are spaced apart, and the space between adjacent heat storage bodies is set as a third chamber, and the peripheral wall of the third chamber is provided with a plurality of air inlets.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the air supply inlet is tangentially arranged along the inner wall of the third chamber to form a vortex airflow.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the biomass pyrolysis char production system further includes: a heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a first pipe and a second pipe, the first pipe is connected to a second gas outlet, the second pipe is connected to the air supply port, and the high-temperature gas discharged from the second gas outlet exchanges heat between the first pipe and the second pipe.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an air inlet pipe is provided at the second air inlet, and an air intake pipe is provided on the air inlet pipe, and the air intake pipe is connected to the second pipe.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the air intake pipe includes an air intake section, a mixing section, and an air outlet section. The air intake section and the air outlet section are respectively disposed on both sides of the mixing section. The mixing section is generally a narrow throat shape with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from one side to the other and then gradually increases. The air intake pipe is connected to the mixing section.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the furnace body further includes blades, one end of which is connected to the radiator and the other end extends close to the inner wall of the furnace body.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system further includes: a feeding device and a silo, one end of the feeding device being connected to the silo and the other end being connected to the furnace body, and the feeding device employing a screw feeder.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 According to the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the middle air intake pipe.

[0016] Figure label: 100. A biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system; 1. Carbonization furnace; 11. Furnace body; 111. Radiator; 112. Blade; 12. Sealing support; 121. First air inlet; 13. Separator; 131. First air outlet; 132. Material outlet; 133. Second air outlet; 2. Driver; 3. Burner; 31. Second air inlet; 32. Third air outlet; 33. First chamber; 34. Second chamber; 35. Third chamber; 351. Make-up air inlet; 4. Heat storage body; 5. Heat exchanger; 51. First pipe; 52. Second pipe; 6. Air inlet pipe; 61. Air inlet section; 62. Mixing section; 63. Air outlet section; 7. Air inlet pipe; 8. Feeding device; 9. Hopper. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0018] The following is for reference. Figure 1 , Figure 2 A biomass pyrolysis char production system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0019] To facilitate a better understanding of the scheme in this application, the principle of biomass pyrolysis carbonization is described as follows. Specifically, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization process can be divided into the following stages: ① Drying stage: The biomass material absorbs heat in the carbonization reactor, and the moisture evaporates first, while the internal chemical composition of the biomass remains almost unchanged; ② Volatilization and decomposition stage: The biomass continues to absorb heat to about 200℃, and the chemical bonds of the internal macromolecules break and rearrange, the organic matter gradually volatilizes, and the internal thermal decomposition reaction of the material begins. Under oxygen-deficient conditions, a small amount of the gaseous combustibles of the volatiles undergo combustion, and this combustion is a static permeation diffusion combustion, which can provide heat support for the decomposition of the material layer by layer; ③ Full carbonization stage: While the material undergoes rapid thermal decomposition, it produces liquid products such as wood tar and acetic acid, and combustible gases such as methane and ethylene. As most of the volatiles are separated and precipitated, the final solid product is coke composed of carbon and ash.

[0020] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a charcoal furnace 1, a burner 3, and a driver 2. The charcoal furnace 1 includes a furnace body 11, a sealing support 12, and a separator 13. The sealing support 12 and the separator 13 are respectively located at both ends of the furnace body 11. Since biomass pyrolysis charcoal production requires an oxygen-deficient state, the furnace body 11 needs to be in a relatively sealed state. That is, one end of the furnace body 11 is dynamically sealed to the sealing support 12, and the other end is dynamically sealed to and connected to the separator 13. The sealing support 12 is provided with a first air inlet 121, the top of the separator 13 is provided with a first air outlet 131, the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet 132, the side wall is provided with a second air outlet 133, the furnace body 11 is provided with a radiator 111, one end of the radiator 111 is connected to the first air inlet 121, and the other end is connected to the second air outlet 133; the burner 3 includes a second air inlet 31 and a third air outlet 32, the second air inlet 31 is connected to the first air outlet 131, and the third air outlet 32 ​​is connected to the first air inlet 121.

[0021] Specifically, the driver 2 can drive the furnace body 11 to rotate, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw materials inside the furnace body 11 are heated evenly, thus improving the carbonization effect. The driver 2 includes a drive motor and a drive roller. A driven track is provided on the outer wall of the furnace body 11. In use, the drive motor drives the drive roller to rotate, and the drive roller is in close contact with the driven track, thereby causing the drive roller to drive the furnace body 11 to rotate.

[0022] During use, after the biomass raw material undergoes high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization in the furnace body 11, pyrolysis mixed gas and biomass char will be generated. The pyrolysis mixed gas enters the separator 13 and then enters the burner 3 through the first gas outlet 131 for combustion. The biomass char enters the separator 13 under the rotation of the furnace body 11 and is discharged through the bottom outlet 132. A collection box is usually set below the outlet 132 to collect and store the discharged biomass char.

[0023] After the pyrolysis mixture enters the burner 3, it will be fully combusted, thereby burning off all the tar in the pyrolysis mixture and forming high-temperature flue gas without tar components. Then, the high-temperature flue gas leaves the burner 3 through the third outlet 32 ​​and enters the radiator 111 in the furnace body 11 through the first inlet 121. The high-temperature flue gas releases its temperature into the furnace body 11 through the radiator 111, which helps to maintain a high-temperature environment for the pyrolysis of biomass raw materials, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for the pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass raw materials.

[0024] Therefore, the biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system uses burner 3 to fully combust the pyrolysis gas at high temperature, thereby directly removing the tar. This eliminates the need for various towers to process the tar, making it convenient to use and producing clean emissions. The high-temperature flue gas generated by burner 3 can also be used to supplement the energy of biomass raw material pyrolysis and carbonization, thereby recovering some of the heat in the high-temperature flue gas, greatly improving energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, it also avoids the loss of a large amount of heat energy due to condensation of tar.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the burner 3 includes a first chamber 33 and a second chamber 34 that are interconnected. The first chamber 33 is located on the side of the burner 3 near the second air inlet 31, and the second chamber 34 is located on the side of the burner 3 near the third air outlet 32. Several heat storage elements 4 are provided in the second chamber 34. In use, the pyrolysis mixture first enters the first chamber 33 and then burns in the second chamber 34. Specifically, the first chamber 33 is an empty cavity. When the pyrolysis mixture enters the first chamber 33 from the second air inlet 31, its velocity decreases within this cavity, which facilitates diffusion before combustion and prolongs the combustion time within the combustion chamber, allowing for complete combustion in the second chamber 34 and eliminating tar components in the gas. Simultaneously, the heat storage elements 4 in the second chamber 34 facilitate the smooth combustion of low-concentration combustible gases in the pyrolysis mixture and significantly increase the combustion temperature, thereby effectively eliminating tar components in the gas.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, adjacent heat storage bodies 4 are spaced apart, and the space between adjacent heat storage bodies 4 is set as the third chamber 35. The peripheral wall of the third chamber 35 is provided with several air inlets 351. Specifically, a large amount of fresh air can be supplied to the second chamber 34 through the air inlets 351. As the pyrolysis mixture passes through the heat storage bodies 4 in sequence, it will also continuously mix with the fresh air supplied by the air inlets 351, which is conducive to complete combustion and achieve clean emissions.

[0027] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the air inlet 351 is tangentially arranged along the inner wall of the third chamber 35 to form a vortex airflow, which is conducive to the full mixing of the pyrolysis mixture and air, promotes the full combustion of flue gas, and achieves clean emission of flue gas.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system 100 also includes a heat exchanger 5. The heat exchanger 5 contains a first pipe 51 and a second pipe 52. The first pipe 51 is connected to a second air outlet 133, and the second pipe 52 is connected to a make-up air inlet 351. The second pipe 52 is arranged around the first pipe 51, allowing the high-temperature gas discharged from the second air outlet 133 to exchange heat between the first pipe 51 and the second pipe 52. Specifically, fresh air is introduced into the second pipe 52. When the high-temperature flue gas is fully heated in the radiator 111, it leaves the charcoal furnace 1 through the second air outlet 133 and moves along the first pipe 51 within the heat exchanger 5, transferring heat to the second pipe 52. This heats the fresh air entering the make-up air inlet 351, preventing low-temperature cold air from directly entering the combustion chamber and affecting the combustion temperature.

[0029] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, an air inlet pipe 6 is provided at the second air inlet 31, and an air inlet pipe 7 is provided on the air inlet pipe 6. The air inlet pipe 7 is connected to the second pipe 52. In use, the fresh air in the second pipe 52 is heated by the heat exchanger 5. A portion of the heated fresh air will enter the air inlet pipe 6 through the air inlet pipe 7 and mix with the pyrolysis mixture. This can achieve premixing, which is beneficial to the subsequent complete combustion, while avoiding the influence of low temperature air on the combustion temperature.

[0030] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the air inlet pipe 6 includes an air inlet section 61, a mixing section 62, and an air outlet section 63. The air inlet section 61 and the air outlet section 63 are respectively located on both sides of the mixing section 62. The mixing section 62 is a narrow throat shape with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from one side to the other and then gradually increases. The air inlet pipe 7 is connected to the mixing section 62. Specifically, when the pyrolysis mixed gas moves in the air inlet pipe 6, the flow rate increases due to the narrowing pipe diameter, which generates negative pressure at the mixing section 62. This allows for more effective pumping of the heated fresh air in the second pipe 52 into the air inlet pipe 6 to mix with the pyrolysis mixed gas, resulting in a more uniform mixture.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the furnace body 11 also includes blades 112. One end of the blades 112 is connected to the radiator 111, and the other end extends close to the inner wall of the furnace body 11. Specifically, the blades 112 are inclined. When the furnace body 11 rotates, they can more efficiently flip and move forward under the action of the blades 112. Preferably, the blades 112 are made of metal structural components. With such a structure and material, the blades 112 can act as lifting plates and heat dissipation fins, thereby more effectively transferring the heat in the radiator 111 to the cavity of the furnace body 11 through the blades 112, promoting the pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass raw materials.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system 100 also includes a feeding device 8 and a silo 9. One end of the feeding device is connected to the silo 9, and the other end is connected to the furnace body 11 through a sealing support 12. Specifically, the feeding device can continuously feed the biomass raw materials in the silo 9 into the rotary kiln for pyrolysis and carbonization, thereby saving manpower and resources, improving feeding efficiency, and realizing large-scale production of biomass charcoal.

[0033] Preferably, the feeding device can be a screw feeder. On the one hand, the screw feeder can better control the rate at which biomass raw materials enter, thereby more accurately controlling the amount of material fed per unit time, thus ensuring the stable progress of biomass pyrolysis and carbonization and the uniformity of the reaction degree, and avoiding the situation where excessive local accumulation of biomass raw materials in the rotary kiln leads to insufficient carbonization of the bottom raw materials; on the other hand, the screw feeder has good sealing performance, which can meet the sealing requirements of the carbonization furnace 1 while achieving stable feeding.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0035] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system, characterized in that, include: A carbonization furnace includes a furnace body, a sealing support, and a separator. One end of the furnace body is dynamically sealed to the sealing support, and the other end is dynamically sealed to and connected to the separator. The sealing support is provided with a first air inlet. The separator is provided with a first air outlet at the top, a discharge outlet at the bottom, and a second air outlet on the side wall. A radiator is provided inside the furnace body. One end of the radiator is connected to the first air inlet, and the other end is connected to the second air outlet. A driver, used to drive the furnace body to rotate; as well as The burner has a second air inlet and a third air outlet. The second air inlet is connected to the first air outlet, and the third air outlet is connected to the first air inlet. The burner includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are connected to each other. The first chamber is located on the side of the burner near the second air inlet, and the second chamber is located on the side of the burner near the third air outlet. The second chamber contains a plurality of heat storage elements, which are spaced apart from each other. The space between the adjacent heat storage elements is designated as the third chamber. The peripheral wall of the third chamber has a plurality of air intake ports, which are tangentially arranged along the inner wall of the third chamber to form a vortex airflow.

2. The biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat exchanger, which has a first pipe and a second pipe inside. The first pipe is connected to the second air outlet, and the second pipe is connected to the air supply port. The high-temperature gas discharged from the second air outlet exchanges heat between the first pipe and the second pipe.

3. The biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to claim 2, characterized in that, An air inlet pipe is provided at the second air inlet, and an air intake pipe is provided on the air inlet pipe, which is connected to the second pipe.

4. The biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air intake pipe includes an air intake section, a mixing section, and an air outlet section. The air intake section and the air outlet section are respectively located on both sides of the mixing section. The mixing section is a narrow throat shape with an inner diameter that gradually decreases from one side to the other and then gradually increases. The air intake pipe is connected to the mixing section.

5. A biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body also includes blades, one end of which is connected to the radiator, and the other end extends close to the inner wall of the furnace body.

6. The biomass pyrolysis charcoal production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The feeding device and the hopper are provided. One end of the feeding device is connected to the hopper, and the other end is connected to the furnace body. The feeding device is a screw feeder.

Images