Wave spring processing fixture and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wave spring processing fixture and method. The processing fixture includes a wave spring outer diameter positioning surface, a wave spring placing bottom surface, a wave spring inner diameter avoidance surface, a wave spring pressing protrusion and a groove. The above-mentioned characteristic surfaces form an annular part. When processing a wave spring, the wave spring is placed in the processing fixture, so that the upper and lower ends and the outer circumference of the wave spring are restricted within a space by the wave spring pressing protrusion, the wave spring placing bottom surface and the wave spring outer diameter positioning surface, leaving only the inner diameter circle c of the wave spring to be processed. When multiple wave springs need to be processed, multiple processing fixtures are stacked coaxially, and the wave springs are clamped between adjacent processing fixtures, and then the inner diameter circle c of the wave spring to be processed is cut by wire cutting. The present invention has both high processing efficiency and high precision at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of special processing, and particularly relates to a fixture used in the processing of an end face wave spring and a processing method using the fixture. Background Art

[0002] A wave spring used in an aeroengine, the main body of the part is a ring-shaped wave spring part, the thickness of the part is only 0.35 mm, and the free state unfolded sectional view of the part is a cosine function curve. The main dimensions of the wave spring are the outer diameter dimension C, the inner diameter dimension c, and the height H. Among them, the outer diameter dimension C and the inner diameter dimension c are associated with the part profile. The part profile is complex, and the dimensional shape accuracy is high. Since the diameter dimension tolerance of the part is only ΦQ0 -0.25, it is difficult to ensure the machining accuracy of the part by punching.

[0003] In traditional processing methods, grinding is generally used to process the diameter of the part. However, when using grinding, the part positioning and clamping device needs to be considered, the structure is complex, and only 1 part can be processed at a time. At the same time, it is manual processing, with high labor costs and low processing efficiency. Therefore, researching an efficient and simple processing fixture and method is an inevitable choice for batch processing of similar parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] For this type of wave spring part with high dimensional accuracy, on the one hand, the thickness of the part is too thin to use punching for processing. On the other hand, if grinding is used, the cost is high, the labor intensity is large, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a wave spring processing fixture and method to solve the problems that this type of wave spring part cannot be punched and grinding has low processing efficiency and high cost, accurately process the inner diameter circle size of the wave spring, with high processing accuracy and high processing efficiency.

[0005] Specifically, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A wave spring processing fixture, including an annular metal blank, and the annular metal blank mainly consists of the following parts:

[0007] A wave spring outer diameter positioning surface, which is a cylindrical surface coaxial with the annular metal blank, and the height of the cylindrical surface is equal to the axial height of the wave spring, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical surface is equal to the outer diameter of the wave spring at the aforementioned axial height;

[0008] A wave spring placement bottom surface, which is a circular ring surface perpendicular to and coaxial with the wave spring outer diameter positioning surface and the annular metal blank, and the outer ring diameter of the circular ring surface is equal to the diameter of the wave spring outer diameter positioning surface;

[0009] Inner diameter avoidance surface of the corrugated spring. The inner diameter avoidance surface of the corrugated spring is a cylindrical surface coaxial with the annular metal blank and perpendicularly connected to the placement bottom surface of the corrugated spring. The diameter of the cylindrical surface is equal to the inner ring diameter of the placement bottom surface of the corrugated spring.

[0010] Corrugated spring pressing protrusion. The corrugated spring pressing protrusion is an annular body coaxial with the annular metal blank and connected to the inner diameter avoidance surface of the corrugated spring. The inner ring diameter of the annular body is equal to the diameter of the inner diameter avoidance surface of the corrugated spring, and the outer ring diameter of the annular body is larger than the outer diameter of the outer diameter positioning surface of the corrugated spring.

[0011] Groove. The groove is an annular groove coaxial with the annular metal blank. The annular bottom surface of the annular groove is perpendicularly connected to the outer diameter positioning surface of the corrugated spring. The axial depth of the annular groove is equal to the axial height of the corrugated spring pressing protrusion. The inner ring diameter of the annular bottom surface of the annular groove is equal to the outer diameter of the outer diameter positioning surface of the corrugated spring, and the outer ring diameter of the annular bottom surface of the annular groove is equal to the outer ring diameter of the corrugated spring pressing protrusion.

[0012] As an option, the annular metal blank is a metal conductor that is corrosion-resistant and has a hardness less than that of the corrugated spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the annular metal blank is stainless steel.

[0014] As an option, the axial height of the corrugated spring is the axial height in the free state of the corrugated spring.

[0015] As an option, the outer diameter positioning surface of the corrugated spring, the placement bottom surface of the corrugated spring, the inner diameter avoidance surface of the corrugated spring, the corrugated spring pressing protrusion, and the groove are milling surfaces.

[0016] As an option, the annular metal blank is formed by stretching.

[0017] A method for processing a corrugated spring of the aforementioned processing fixture, including the processing steps of the inner diameter circle of the corrugated spring:

[0018] Step 1, coaxially install a corrugated spring in a horizontally placed No. 1 processing fixture. Among them, the lower end of the corrugated spring contacts the placement bottom surface of the corrugated spring, and the circumferential surface of the corrugated spring contacts the outer diameter positioning surface of the corrugated spring.

[0019] Step 2, move another No. 2 processing fixture of the same specification downward from the upper end of the corrugated spring until the corrugated spring pressing protrusion of the No. 2 processing fixture contacts the annular bottom surface of the groove of the No. 1 processing fixture.

[0020] Step 3, install the No. 1 and No. 2 processing fixtures with the corrugated spring installed on the wire cutting machine tool, fix and align them, and program the wire cutting to cut the inner diameter circle of the corrugated spring.

[0021] As an option, when processing more than two wave springs, the processing method of the wave spring further includes the following steps:

[0022] Place another wave spring in the No. 2 processing fixture. Similarly, it is required that the lower end of the wave spring contacts the wave spring placement bottom surface, and the circumferential surface of the wave spring contacts the wave spring outer diameter positioning surface. Then, move another processing fixture of the same specification, No. 3, downward from the upper end of the wave spring until the wave spring pressing protrusion of the No. 3 processing fixture contacts the annular bottom surface of the groove of the No. 2 processing fixture. Repeat the above steps until the No. n processing fixture is installed, where n is a natural number greater than 3, and the number of wave springs is less than or equal to n - 1.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0024] (1) The present invention solves the problems of low processing efficiency, complex processing fixture structure, and inconvenient processing existing in the traditional grinding of the inner diameter circle of the wave spring. The processing method of the present invention can also be extended to the processing of similar annular wave spring parts, replacing the existing grinding method;

[0025] (2) Compared with punching and grinding, the present invention has high processing efficiency, low cost, stable part processing quality, and high qualification rate;

[0026] (3) The processing fixture of the present invention has a simple structure, and the coaxiality and flatness of the processing fixture are easy to control (controlled by milling). When multiple processing fixtures are combined to process multiple wave springs, the cumulative error is small, and the accuracy requirements for simultaneous processing of multiple wave springs can be met.

[0027] The processing fixture and processing method of the present invention have been popularized and used on site, meeting the design requirements. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the wave spring;

[0029] Figure 2 is a front view of the wave spring;

[0030] Figure 3 is an unfolded schematic diagram of the wave spring;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the rough material model before wire cutting of the wave spring;

[0032] Figure 5 is a front view of a single processing fixture;

[0033] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view after combining multiple processing part fixtures;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional model diagram of a single processing fixture;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state where multiple wave springs are clamped in multiple processing fixtures. Specific embodiments

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Without departing from the above technical idea of the present invention, all modifications, substitutions, and changes made according to ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the art are included in the scope of the present invention.

[0037] As shown in Figures 1 to 4 , it is the wave spring to be processed in this embodiment. The specific processing position of this wave spring is Figure 4 the inner circle diameter part in , that is, the inner contour diameter c.

[0038] The basic principle of the present invention is as follows: For ring-shaped wave spring parts, wire cutting is performed on the inner diameter after assembling the processing fixture. The processing fixture is made by stretching and forming a mold to produce multiple ring-shaped metal blanks with good consistency. Then, multiple ring-shaped grooves and protrusions corresponding to the outer shape size of the wave spring parts are machined on the surface of the metal blank. The outer diameter circle of the wave spring is positioned through the groove with the same outer diameter as the wave spring part. When milling the grooves and protrusions, the groove depth is calculated according to the characteristics (outer diameter and axial height) of the wave spring part to meet the processing requirements of the wave spring part. Due to the cosine function-like characteristics of the wave spring part after unfolding, the groove depth can be accurately calculated. Then, the number of processing fixtures is determined according to the number of wave spring parts to be processed, which can meet the requirement of processing multiple parts at one time; the metal blank is preferably made of stainless steel. One reason is its excellent corrosion resistance. Since the wire cutting is in long-term contact with the cooling medium, the stainless steel fixture can effectively prevent oxidation and other corrosion; the second reason is that stainless steel has good electrical conductivity; the third reason is that the hardness of stainless steel is less than that of the wave spring part, which can prevent the wave spring part from being scratched during clamping.

[0039] In order to be able to process the inner contour diameter c of the wave spring that meets the requirements, the present invention designs a stainless steel processing fixture as shown in Figures 5 to 7 . The preparation process of the stainless steel processing fixture is as follows:

[0040] (1) Process a ring-shaped metal blank made of stainless steel by stretching and forming;

[0041] (2) Milling the outer shape and characteristic surfaces of the annular metal blank: Combining the capabilities of the wire cutting equipment, determine the milling dimensions of the stainless steel annular metal blank according to the dimensional characteristics of the wave spring parts to be processed. The characteristic surfaces include the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, the placement bottom surface of the wave spring, the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring, the pressing protrusion and groove of the wave spring, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 , and these characteristic surfaces form multiple annular grooves and annular protrusions (or annular steps) on the annular metal blank; during milling, it is necessary to ensure the flatness of each surface and the perpendicularity to each other to facilitate the clamping and alignment of the processing fixture during subsequent wire cutting;

[0042] (3) As Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , calculation of the milling dimensions of the annular metal blank: First, calculate the inner diameter c of the wave spring when the axial height of the wave spring in the free state (i.e., under the action of pure gravity) is H1, and then mill the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring with a diameter of C0 (c < C0 < C) for the processing fixture to avoid the wire cutting molybdenum wire. Similarly, calculate the outer diameter C of the wave spring when the axial height H1 in the free state, and mill the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring with a diameter of C1 (C1 = C) and a height of H1, and use this cylindrical surface to position the radial dimension of the wave spring. Machine the placement bottom surface of the wave spring (i.e., form a step between the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring and the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring) between the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring and the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring for placing the lower end of the wave spring. Then machine a wave spring pressing protrusion with an outer diameter of C2 (C2 > C) on one side of the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring. The inner diameter of the wave spring pressing protrusion is equal to C0, forming a step for pressing the upper end of the wave spring. Machine a groove on one side of the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, and the size of the groove is determined according to the wave spring pressing protrusion (to ensure that the wave spring pressing protrusion can press the upper end surface of the wave spring after being inserted into the groove), which is used to match with the wave spring pressing protrusion to form a part of pressing the upper end of the wave spring, Figure 6 where H represents the sum of the groove depth and the free height H1 of the wave spring. Finally, the upper and lower ends and the outer circumferential direction of the wave spring are restricted within a space by the wave spring pressing protrusion, the wave spring placement bottom surface, and the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, leaving only the inner diameter circle c of the wave spring to be processed.

[0043] When wire cutting the wave spring using the above processing fixture, as Figure 8 , first clamp the wave spring into the processing fixture, and retrieve one more processing fixture according to the number of wave springs processed on site. Clamp the wave spring on the characteristic surfaces of the processing fixture (the outer diameter C of the wave spring corresponds to the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, the bottom end of the wave spring corresponds to the placement bottom surface of the wave spring, and the upper end of the wave spring corresponds to the wave spring pressing protrusion). As Figure 8As shown, multiple waveform springs are clamped inside multiple processing jigs. Then, Figure 8 the clamped waveform springs together with the processing jigs are fixed to a wire cutting machine tool, aligned and programmed. A wire cutting program is prepared according to the dimension c of the inner diameter of the waveform spring, and multiple waveform springs are cut simultaneously to ensure that the inner diameter dimension c of the waveform springs meets the requirements.

[0044] The content not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art. Although the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention are described above for the understanding of those skilled in the art of the present technology, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those ordinary skilled in the art of the present technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

Claims

1. Wave spring processing fixture, characterized in that: It includes an annular metal blank, and the annular metal blank mainly consists of the following parts: The outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, which is a cylindrical surface coaxial with the annular metal blank, and the height of the cylindrical surface is equal to the axial height of the wave spring, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical surface is equal to the outer diameter of the wave spring at the aforementioned axial height; The bottom surface for placing the wave spring, which is an annular surface perpendicular to and connected with the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring and coaxial with the annular metal blank, and the outer diameter of the outer ring of the annular surface is equal to the diameter of the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring; The inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring, which is a cylindrical surface coaxial with the annular metal blank and perpendicular to and connected with the bottom surface for placing the wave spring, and the diameter of the cylindrical surface is equal to the inner diameter of the inner ring of the bottom surface for placing the wave spring; The pressing protrusion of the wave spring, which is an annular body coaxial with the annular metal blank and connected with the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring, the inner diameter of the inner ring of the annular body is equal to the diameter of the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring, and the outer diameter of the outer ring of the annular body is larger than the outer diameter of the outer diameter positioning surface; The groove, which is an annular groove coaxial with the annular metal blank, the annular bottom surface of the annular groove is perpendicular to and connected with the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, the axial depth of the annular groove is equal to the axial height of the pressing protrusion of the wave spring, the inner diameter of the annular bottom surface of the annular groove is equal to the outer diameter of the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, and the outer diameter of the annular bottom surface of the annular groove is equal to the outer diameter of the pressing protrusion of the wave spring.

2. The waveform spring processing fixture according to claim 1, wherein: The annular metal blank is a metal conductor that is corrosion-resistant and has a hardness less than that of the wave spring.

3. The wave spring processing fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular metal blank is made of stainless steel.

4. The wave spring processing fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial height of the wave spring is the axial height in the free state of the wave spring.

5. The waveform spring processing fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring, the bottom surface for placing the wave spring, the inner diameter avoidance surface of the wave spring, the pressing protrusion of the wave spring and the groove are milling surfaces.

6. The wave spring processing fixture according to claim 1, wherein: The annular metal blank is formed by stretching.

7. A method for processing a wave spring using the processing fixture described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the processing steps of the inner diameter circle of the wave spring: Step 1, coaxially install a wave spring in a horizontally placed No. 1 processing fixture. Among them, the lower end of the wave spring contacts the bottom surface for placing the wave spring, and the circumferential surface of the wave spring contacts the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring; Step 2, move another No. 2 processing fixture of the same specification downward from the upper end of the wave spring until the pressing protrusion of the wave spring of the No. 2 processing fixture contacts the annular bottom surface of the groove of the No. 1 processing fixture; Step 3, install the No. 1 and No. 2 processing fixtures with the wave spring installed on the wire cutting machine tool, fix and align them, and program the wire cutting to cut the inner diameter circle of the wave spring.

8. The waveform spring processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When more than two wave springs need to be processed, the following steps are also included: Place another wave spring inside the No. 2 processing fixture. It is also required that the lower end of the wave spring contacts the bottom surface where the wave spring is placed, and the circumferential surface of the wave spring contacts the outer diameter positioning surface of the wave spring. Then, move another processing fixture of the same specification, No. 3, downward from the upper end of the wave spring until the wave spring pressing protrusion of the No. 3 processing fixture contacts the annular bottom surface of the groove of the No. 2 processing fixture. Repeat the above steps until the installation of the No. n processing fixture is completed, where n is a natural number greater than 3, and the number of wave springs is less than or equal to n - 1.

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