Shaft tunneling machine and shaft construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shaft tunneling machine and a shaft construction method. The shaft tunneling machine includes an upper shield and a lower shield. The upper shield includes a housing, a folding cutter head, and a head. The housing is a vertically arranged cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom, and the bottom of the housing is connected to the top of the lower shield. The folding cutter head is movably arranged at the top opening of the housing. The head is arranged at the top opening of the housing in a manner that can be opened and closed. When the head is in the open state, the folding cutter head moves upward from the top opening of the housing and extends above the housing, and the folding cutter head unfolds to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutter head. The folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the interior of the housing after folding, and when the head is in the closed state, the head seals and covers the top opening of the housing. The present invention solves the technical problems of low construction efficiency of underwater shafts and poor sealing effect of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction. Further, it relates to a shaft boring machine and a shaft construction method, and particularly to a retractable shaft boring machine and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] There are a large number of thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants, etc. in coastal and riverine areas, which require a large number of intake and drainage tunnels to provide cooling water and discharge sewage. Therefore, a plurality of intake and drainage shafts need to be provided on each submarine tunnel for accessing seawater.

[0003] Currently, the main difficulties in the construction of deep-sea intake and drainage shafts are as follows:

[0004] First, shaft sealing and waterproofing require that there is no leakage in each shaft during the construction process. Usually, methods such as island building cofferdam method are used for waterproofing or water isolation, and the shaft is constructed within the retaining structure. This construction method is greatly affected by the marine environment, has high costs and a long construction period;

[0005] Second, for deep-buried hard strata, the main tunnel of the shaft is usually buried more than 20m below the seabed surface, and the geological environment is complex (frequently encountering hard or uneven hard and soft strata). Usually, the construction method of advanced fragmentation by rotary drilling rig is adopted. This construction method also has the problems of being greatly affected by the marine environment, high costs and a long construction period;

[0006] Third, for continuous construction of multiple shafts, in order to improve the construction efficiency of multiple shafts, usually multiple sets of equipment are put into synchronous construction, and the equipment costs are relatively high.

[0007] In view of the problems of low construction efficiency of underwater shafts and poor sealing effect of equipment in the related art, no effective solution has been given yet.

[0008] Therefore, based on years of experience and practice in the relevant industry, the inventor of the present invention proposes a shaft boring machine and a shaft construction method to overcome the defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring machine and a shaft construction method, which can solve the problem of sealing and waterproofing of the boring equipment by using a head, and provide a reference for underwater shaft construction.

[0010] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft boring machine and a shaft construction method, which can realize the retraction of the boring equipment into the well, avoid the long-distance turnover problem of the boring equipment when constructing multiple shafts at a single time, and improve the overall construction efficiency of multiple shafts.

[0011] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following solutions:

[0012] The present invention provides a shaft tunneling machine, which includes an upper shield and a lower shield. The upper shield includes:

[0013] A housing, which is vertically arranged and has a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The bottom of the housing is connected to the top of the lower shield;

[0014] A folding cutter head, which is movably arranged up and down at the top opening of the housing;

[0015] A head, which is arranged at the top opening of the housing in an openable and closable manner;

[0016] When the head is in the open state, the folding cutter head moves upward from the top opening of the housing and extends above the housing, and the folding cutter head unfolds to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutter head; the folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the interior of the housing after folding, and the head is in the closed state, so that the head seals and covers the top opening of the housing.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper shield further includes an intermediate shell, which is vertically arranged and has a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The intermediate shell is arranged inside the housing and connected to the housing. There is a gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell and the inner wall of the housing. When the head is open, the head is located in the gap; when the head is closed, the head rotates upward and moves from the gap to above the top opening of the housing.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the intermediate shell are both spherical surfaces to form a spherical gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell and the inner wall of the housing. The head at least includes two head components, and the shapes of the two head components match the shape of the gap. When the head is open, the two head components can respectively rotate downward into the gap; when the head is closed, the two head components rotate upward respectively and combine to form a hemispherical head;

[0019] The two head components are hinged to the intermediate shell through a first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft is connected to a first driving motor through a transmission device to drive the opening or closing of the two head components.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first accommodating groove is provided on the inner wall of the intermediate shell, and a transmission device and a first driving motor are arranged in the first accommodating groove. The transmission device is a worm and gear structure, and the output shaft of the first driving motor is connected to the first rotating shaft through the worm and gear structure.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a mating fitting structure and a first gasket are provided at the closing position of the two end head assemblies. When the end heads are closed, the two end head assemblies are hermetically connected at the closing position.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper shield further includes an inner shell, which is a vertically arranged cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The inner shell is movably arranged up and down inside the middle shell, and the folding cutter head is arranged at the top of the inner shell.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second gaskets are provided between the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the middle shell to seal between the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the middle shell.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shaft tunneling machine further includes a bracket, which is suspended inside the lower shield by a steel cable and can move up and down. A retaining member is provided below the bracket, and the retaining member is detachably connected to the inner wall of the lower shield and the bottom of the bracket respectively. The inner shell is arranged at the top of the bracket. When the retaining member is removed, the inner shell and the folding cutter head can be driven to move up and down through the steel cable.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of telescopic oil cylinders are provided between the top of the bracket and the bottom of the inner shell, and the plurality of telescopic oil cylinders are circumferentially spaced along the inner shell.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of elongated second accommodation grooves are axially formed in the inner wall of the middle shell along the middle shell, and the plurality of second accommodation grooves are circumferentially distributed along the middle shell;

[0027] A pulley is provided on the top inner wall of the second accommodation groove. The steel cable bypasses the top of the pulley, and both ends of the steel cable extend downward from the pulley. The two ends of the steel cable are respectively connected to the top of the bracket and a winch located in the main tunnel.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bracket is of an annular structure, and a central hole for discharging muck downward is left at the middle position of the bracket. A ring-shaped connecting portion is arranged along the circumference of the top edge of the bracket, and a plurality of lifting lugs are arranged on the top of the connecting portion. The positions of the lifting lugs are vertically opposite to the positions of the pulleys, so that one end of the steel cable is connected to the lifting lug.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the folding cutter head includes a cutter head body and a plurality of folding parts. The plurality of folding parts are circumferentially spaced along the cutter head body, and the plurality of folding parts are respectively hinged to the edge of the cutter head body through a second rotating shaft;

[0030] Cutters are provided on the excavation surface of the cutter head body and on the excavation surfaces of the plurality of folding parts. When the folding cutter head is in the unfolded state, the cutters on the excavation surface of the cutter head body and on the excavation surfaces of the plurality of folding parts are used to excavate the formation upward;

[0031] The diameter of the cutter head body is smaller than the inner diameter of the middle shell. When the folding cutter head is in the unfolded state, the plurality of folding parts are axially flipped upward around the second rotating shaft to a position where they are in contact with the excavation surface of the cutter head body, so that the folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the interior of the middle shell.

[0032] The present invention provides a shaft construction method, and the shaft construction method includes the following steps:

[0033] Step S1: Open the head at the preset excavation position. The folding cutter head moves upward from the top opening of the outer shell and extends above the outer shell. The folding cutter head is in the unfolded state, and the formation is excavated upward from the main tunnel to a preset height;

[0034] Step S2: The folding cutter head moves downward from the top opening of the outer shell. After the folding cutter head is folded, it retracts into the interior of the outer shell;

[0035] Step S3: Close the head so that the head seals and covers the top opening of the outer shell;

[0036] Step S4: The folding cutter head retracts into the main tunnel.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the step S4, it further includes:

[0038] Step S5: Re-equip the folding cutter head retracted into the main tunnel with a head and an outer shell;

[0039] Step S6: Repeat the steps S1 to S4 to perform shaft excavation operations at the next preset position;

[0040] Step S7: After all shaft excavations are completed, evacuate the shaft excavation equipment;

[0041] Step S8: Inject water into the main tunnel to balance the pressure between the shaft and the outside of the shaft.

[0042] As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the shaft tunneling machine and the shaft construction method of the present invention are as follows: a folding cutter head capable of moving up and down is provided at the top opening of the outer shell, and a seal head that can be opened and closed is provided at the top opening of the outer shell. When the seal head is in the open state, the folding cutter head can move upward from the top opening of the outer shell and extend above the outer shell, and the folding cutter head unfolds to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutter head; the folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the interior of the outer shell after folding, and the seal head is in the closed state, so that the seal head is hermetically covered on the top opening of the outer shell, thereby forming a sealed self-waterproof structure, which plays a role in sealing and waterproofing the folding cutter head and related tunneling equipment inside the outer shell, ensuring construction safety, ensuring the smooth progress of underwater shaft construction, and effectively improving the working efficiency of underwater shaft construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0044] Among them:

[0045] Figure 1 : is a schematic structural diagram of the shaft tunneling machine of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 : is an exploded view of the shaft tunneling machine of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 : is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the seal head and the middle shell in the shaft tunneling machine of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 : is one of the schematic diagrams of the actions of the shaft tunneling machine in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 : is another schematic diagram of the actions of the shaft tunneling machine in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 : is the third schematic diagram of the actions of the shaft tunneling machine in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 : is the fourth schematic diagram of the actions of the shaft tunneling machine in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 8 : is the fifth schematic diagram of the actions of the shaft tunneling machine in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 : is a schematic structural diagram inside the main tunnel in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 : is a schematic structural diagram of the formed shaft in the shaft construction method of the present invention.

[0055] The reference numerals in the present invention are as follows:

[0056] 1. Outer shell; 2. Intermediate shell;

[0057] 3. Inner shell; 4. Head;

[0058] 401. First rotating shaft; 402. Head assembly;

[0059] 5. Lower shield; 6. Folding cutter head;

[0060] 601. Cutter head body; 602. Folding part;

[0061] 603. Second rotating shaft; 7. Pinch valve;

[0062] 8. Second driving motor; 9. Telescopic oil cylinder;

[0063] 10. Bracket; 1001. Lifting lug;

[0064] 1002. Central hole; 11. Pulley;

[0065] 12. Steel cable; 13. Second gasket;

[0066] 14. Anti-back-off part; 15. Transmission device;

[0067] 16. First accommodation groove; 17. Second accommodation groove;

[0068] 18. Segment; 19. Main tunnel;

[0069] 20. Water intake and drainage head; 21. Jacking oil cylinder;

[0070] 22. Trolley; 23. Bench;

[0071] 2301. Pin shaft. Detailed implementation manners

[0072] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] The directional terms such as upper, lower, top, and bottom described in the specification are all based on the upper, lower, top, and bottom directions in the Figure 1 and are hereby explained together.

[0074] Embodiment 1

[0075] As shown in Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a shaft tunneling machine, which includes an upper shield and a lower shield 5. Among them, the upper shield includes a housing 1, a folding cutterhead 6 and a sealing head 4. The housing 1 is vertically arranged in a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom respectively. The bottom of the housing 1 is connected to the top of the lower shield 5; the folding cutterhead 6 is movably arranged up and down at the top opening of the housing 1; the sealing head 4 is arranged at the top opening of the housing 1 in an openable and closable manner; when the sealing head 4 is in the open state, the folding cutterhead 6 moves upward from the top opening of the housing 1 and extends above the housing 1. At this time, the folding cutterhead 6 unfolds during the upward movement to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutterhead 6; when the excavation of the formation is completed, the folding cutterhead 6 can move downward and fold during the downward movement, and the folding cutterhead 6 retracts into the interior of the housing 1 after folding. At this time, the sealing head 4 can be in the closed state so that the sealing head 4 covers and seals the top opening of the housing 1.

[0076] In the present invention, a folding cutterhead 6 that can move up and down is arranged at the top opening of the housing 1, and an openable and closable sealing head 4 is arranged at the top opening of the housing 1. When the sealing head 4 is in the open state, the folding cutterhead 6 can move upward from the top opening of the housing 1 and extend above the housing 1. The folding cutterhead 6 unfolds during the upward movement to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutterhead 6; the folding cutterhead 6 can move downward and retract into the interior of the housing 1 after folding, and the sealing head 4 is in the closed state so that the sealing head 4 covers and seals the top opening of the housing 1, thereby forming a sealed self-waterproof structure at the top opening of the housing 1, which plays a role in sealing and waterproofing the folding cutterhead 6 and related tunneling equipment inside the housing 1, ensuring the safe and smooth progress of underwater shaft construction, and effectively improving the working efficiency of underwater shaft construction.

[0077] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 7 shown, the upper shield further includes an intermediate shell 2. The intermediate shell 2 is vertically arranged in a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom respectively. The intermediate shell 2 is arranged inside the housing 1. The bottom of the intermediate shell 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1 by a plurality of bolts. The plurality of bolts are spaced and evenly distributed along the circumference of the intermediate shell 2. There is a gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell 2 and the inner wall of the housing 1. When the sealing head 4 is opened, the sealing head 4 is located in the gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell 2 and the inner wall of the housing 1; when the sealing head 4 is closed, the sealing head 4 rotates upward and moves from the gap to above the top opening of the housing 1, so that the sealing head 4 can cover the top opening of the housing 1.

[0078] Further, as Figures 1 to 7As shown, the inner wall of the outer shell 1 and the outer wall of the intermediate shell 2 are both spherical surfaces, so as to form a spherical gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell 2 and the inner wall of the outer shell 1. The head 4 at least includes two head components 402, and the shapes of the two head components 402 match the shape of the gap. When the head 4 is opened, the two head components 402 can respectively rotate downward into the gap, so as not to seal the top opening of the outer shell 1. The folding cutter head 6 can move upward from the top opening of the outer shell 1 and extend above the outer shell 1; when the head 4 is closed, the two head components 402 rotate upward respectively and combine to form a hemispherical head 4, so that the head 4 can be hermetically covered on the top opening of the outer shell 1. Wherein, the outer shell 1 is formed by splicing at least two outer shell components with arc-shaped structures, and the two outer shell components are symmetrically arranged, so as to splice and form a cylindrical outer shell 1. The splicing structure of the outer shell 1 facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the head 4.

[0079] Specifically, first through holes (not shown) are respectively opened at two opposite positions in the circumferential direction of the intermediate shell 2, and second through holes (not shown) are respectively opened at both ends of the two head components 402. The first through holes communicate with the corresponding second through holes. A first rotating shaft 401 is arranged in the first through hole and the corresponding second through hole. The two head components 402 are hinged to the intermediate shell 2 through the first rotating shaft 401. The first rotating shaft 401 is connected to a first driving motor (not shown) through a transmission device 15. The first driving motor and the transmission device 15 cooperate to drive the first rotating shaft 401 to rotate, so as to drive the opening or closing of the two head components 402.

[0080] Furthermore, as Figure 3 shown, first accommodating grooves 16 are respectively opened at circumferentially opposite positions on the inner wall of the intermediate shell 2. The transmission device 15 and the first driving motor are arranged in the first accommodating grooves 16. The transmission device 15 can be but is not limited to a worm and gear structure. The worm gear is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft 401. The teeth on the worm gear mesh with the teeth on the worm. The worm is connected to the output shaft of the first driving motor. Driven by the first driving motor, the worm and gear structure transmits power, so as to drive the first rotating shaft 401 to rotate, and further enable the two head components 402 to rotate upward and form a sealed whole, playing a role in sealing and waterproofing. Among them, the first driving motors relatively arranged in the two first accommodating grooves 16 can respectively control different head components 402, so as to drive the two head components 402 to rotate in different directions, realizing the closing of the two head components 402.

[0081] Furthermore, a mating fitting structure (or engaging structure) is provided at the closed position of the two head components 402, and a first sealing gasket is provided at the closed position of the two head components 402. When the head 4 is closed, the two head components 402 are hermetically connected at the closed position, ensuring the sealing performance after the two head components 402 are closed, achieving the purpose of isolating the folding cutter head 6 and related tunneling equipment from the water layer outside the outer shell 1, and playing a role in sealing and waterproofing. Among them, the shape of the first sealing gasket can be adjusted according to the shape of the closed position of the two head components 402, so that the first sealing gasket is adapted to the closed position of the two head components 402 to achieve the sealing effect, and the specific shape of the first sealing gasket is not limited here. In addition, the mating fitting structure (or engaging structure) on the two head components 402 can be, but is not limited to, tooth-shaped bosses and grooves that can be meshed (or engaged) with each other. When the head 4 is closed, the bosses and grooves on the two head components 402 are fitted (or engaged) with each other, thereby improving the sealing effect, and the specific structure of the fitting structure (or engaging structure) is not limited here.

[0082] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 4 to 7 shown, the upper shield body further includes an inner shell 3. The inner shell 3 is in a cylindrical structure that is vertically arranged and has openings at the top and bottom. The inner shell 3 is movably arranged inside the middle shell 2 in the vertical direction. The folding cutter head 6 is arranged at the top of the inner shell 3. During the construction process, by adjusting the position of the inner shell 3 in the vertical direction, the up and down movement position of the folding cutter head 6 can be adjusted.

[0083] Furthermore, as Figures 4 to 7 shown, a plurality of second sealing gaskets 13 are provided between the outer wall of the inner shell 3 and the inner wall of the middle shell 2. The plurality of second sealing gaskets 13 are all in an annular structure. The plurality of second sealing gaskets 13 are hermetically clamped between the outer wall of the inner shell 3 and the inner wall of the middle shell 2. The plurality of second sealing gaskets 13 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the middle shell 2. The outer wall of the inner shell 3 and the inner wall of the middle shell 2 are sealed by the plurality of second sealing gaskets 13, thereby preventing muddy water from leaking into the interior of the tunneling machine or the already constructed shaft when the head 4 is in the open state (i.e., during the upward tunneling process of the folding cutter head 6).

[0084] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 4 to 7As shown, the shaft tunneling machine further includes a bracket 10. The bracket 10 is suspended inside the lower shield 5 by a steel cable 12 so as to be movable up and down. A backstop 14 is provided below the bracket 10. The backstop 14 is detachably connected to the inner wall of the lower shield 5 and the bottom of the bracket 10 respectively. The inner shell 3 is arranged on the top of the bracket 10. After the backstop 14 is removed, the inner shell 3 and the folding cutter head 6 can be driven to move up and down by the steel cable 12. The backstop 14 can be, but is not limited to, an angle steel. The number of the backstops 14 is multiple, and the multiple backstops 14 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell 3. The backstops 14 are respectively connected to the lower shield 5 and the bracket 10 by bolts, so as to limit the position of the bracket 10 inside the lower shield 5. The bracket 10 is used to support the tunneling equipment (such as: the folding cutter head 6 and the inner shell 3).

[0085] It should be noted that during the upward jacking and cutting of the formation by the folding cutter head 6, the formation will transmit a certain reverse torque to the folding cutter head 6. To counteract the effect of this reverse torque, a rectangular groove (not shown) extending vertically and a convex block (not shown) are respectively provided on the outer wall of the lower part of the inner shell 3 and the inner wall of the bracket 10. The convex block is slidably embedded in the groove along the groove. The circumferential positioning of the bracket 10 can be realized through the cooperation of the groove and the convex block, so that the reverse torque transmitted by the formation to the folding cutter head 6 can be transmitted and dissipated into the formation through the path formed by the bracket 10, the backstop 14, the lower shield 5 and the segment 18 located below the lower shield 5 in sequence, so as to play a role in counteracting the reverse torque.

[0086] Furthermore, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 4 to 7 shown, a plurality of telescopic oil cylinders 9 are arranged between the top of the bracket 10 and the bottom of the inner shell 3. The plurality of telescopic oil cylinders 9 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner shell 3. By the cooperation of the plurality of telescopic oil cylinders 9, the positions of the inner shell 3 and the folding cutter head 6 in the vertical direction can be controlled, so as to realize the upward movement and retraction actions of the folding cutter head 6.

[0087] Furthermore, as Figures 3 to 7As shown, on the inner wall of the middle shell 2, a plurality of elongated second accommodation grooves 17 are axially formed along the middle shell 2, and the plurality of second accommodation grooves 17 are circumferentially distributed along the middle shell 2; on the top inner wall of the second accommodation groove 17, a pulley 11 is provided. There is a certain gap space between the bracket 10 and the inner wall of the lower shield 5, so that the steel cable 12 can pass through this gap space. The steel cable 12 bypasses the top of the pulley 11, and both ends of the steel cable 12 extend downward of the pulley 11. One end of the steel cable 12 is connected to the top of the bracket 10, and the other end of the steel cable 12 is connected to a winch located in the main tunnel 19. The winch can pull the steel cable 12, thereby realizing the upward movement and retraction of the bracket 10, the inner shell 3, and the folding cutter head 6. Among them, the pulley 11 can be, but is not limited to, a fixed pulley fixedly arranged on the top inner wall of the second accommodation groove 17.

[0088] Specifically, as Figures 3 to 7 shown, the bracket 10 has an annular structure. A central hole 1002 for discharging muck downward is left in the middle position of the bracket 10. A ring-shaped connecting portion is provided along the circumference of the top edge of the bracket 10, and a plurality of lifting lugs 1001 are provided on the top of the connecting portion. The plurality of lifting lugs 1001 are circumferentially spaced along the bracket 10, and the positions of the respective lifting lugs 1001 are vertically opposite to the positions of the respective pulleys 11, so that one end of the steel cable 12 is connected to the lifting lug 1001.

[0089] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 4 to 7 shown, the folding cutter head 6 includes a cutter head main body 601 and a plurality of folding parts 602. The plurality of folding parts 602 are circumferentially spaced along the cutter head main body 601, and the plurality of folding parts 602 are respectively hinged to the edge of the cutter head main body 601 through second rotating shafts 603; cutting tools are provided on the excavation surface of the cutter head main body 601 and on the excavation surfaces of the plurality of folding parts 602. When the folding cutter head 6 is in the unfolded state, the cutting tools on the excavation surface of the cutter head main body 601 and on the excavation surfaces of the plurality of folding parts 602 are used to excavate the formation upward; the diameter of the cutter head main body 601 is smaller than the inner diameter of the middle shell 2. When the folding cutter head 6 is in the unfolded state, the plurality of folding parts 602 are axially flipped upward around the second rotating shaft 603 to a position where they fit with the excavation surface of the cutter head main body 601, so that the folding cutter head 6 can move downward and retract into the middle shell 2.

[0090] Furthermore, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 4 to 7 shown, a second driving motor 8 for driving the folding cutter head 6 to rotate is provided at the bottom of the cutter head main body 601.

[0091] Furthermore, as Figure 1 、 Figures 4 to 7As shown, a pinch valve 7 is provided at the middle position of the bottom of the cutter head body 601. The muck generated by the folding cutter head 6 cutting the formation can be transported to the lower part of the cutter head body 601 through the pinch valve 7.

[0092] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 9 shown, a trolley 22 is provided in the main tunnel 19, and a winch is provided on the trolley 22; a plurality of jacking cylinders 21 and a gantry 23 are also provided on the trolley 22. A plurality of insertable and removable pins 2301 are provided at the top of the gantry 23. By pushing the segment 18 upward through the plurality of jacking cylinders 21, when the segment 18 moves upward to a preset height position, the plurality of pins 2301 can be inserted into the anti-retreat holes on the segment 18, so as to replace the jacking cylinders 21 to support the segment 18; the segment 18 at the top abuts against the bottom of the lower shield 5. During the splicing process of the segment 18, after the folding cutter head 6 excavates upward for a preset distance, the pins 2301 on the gantry 23 in the main tunnel 19 are inserted into the anti-retreat holes on the segment 18 to support the segment 18 and the tunneling equipment. Then, the jacking cylinders 21 are retracted downward, the newly added segment 18 is placed on the top of the jacking cylinders 21, and the jacking cylinders 21 are controlled to jack upward the newly added segment 18 to abut against the bottom of the adjacent ring of segments 18 above it; then, the pins 2301 are separated from the segment 18, and the jacking cylinders 21 are controlled to jack upward the tunneling machine equipment and the segment 18 to move upward, realizing shaft tunneling operations and segment splicing. Through the alternating cooperation of the gantry 23 and the jacking cylinders 21, shaft construction upward is realized.

[0093] The characteristics and advantages of the shaft tunneling machine of the present invention are as follows:

[0094] First, in this shaft tunneling machine, when the head 4 is in the open state, the folding cutter head 6 can move upward from the top opening of the housing 1 and extend above the housing 1. The folding cutter head 6 unfolds during the upward movement to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutter head 6; the folding cutter head 6 can move downward and retract into the interior of the housing 1 after folding, and the head 4 is in the closed state, so that the head 4 is hermetically covered on the top opening of the housing 1, thereby forming a sealed self-waterproof structure at the top opening of the housing 1, playing a role in sealing and waterproofing the folding cutter head 6 and related tunneling equipment inside the housing 1, ensuring the safe and smooth progress of underwater shaft construction, and effectively improving the working efficiency of underwater shaft construction.

[0095] Second, in this shaft tunneling machine, through the cooperation of the pulley 11, the steel cable 12 and the winch, the bracket 10 and the folding cutter head 6 can be retracted into the main tunnel 19, avoiding the long-distance turnover problem of the tunneling equipment when constructing multiple shafts at a single time, improving the overall multi-well construction efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the transfer efficiency and safety are greatly improved, and the construction speed is faster.

[0096] Embodiment 2

[0097] The present invention provides a shaft construction method, which includes the following steps:

[0098] Step S1: The equipment constructs the shaft upwards: As Figure 4 shown, open the sealing head 4 at the preset tunneling position, the folding cutter head 6 moves upwards from the top opening of the outer shell 1 and extends above the outer shell 1. The folding cutter head 6 is in an unfolded state, and the formation is excavated upwards from the main tunnel 19 to the preset height;

[0099] Specifically, as Figure 9 shown, the segment 18 is supported alternately by the lifting oil cylinder 21 and the gantry 23 and pushed upwards, the folding cutter head 6 is driven by the second driving motor 8 to rotate to excavate the formation, and the discharge of muck is controlled by the pinch valve 7. After the formation is excavated to the preset height, the pipelines on the tunneling equipment can be removed.

[0100] Step S2: The folding cutter head 6 retracts and retreats: As Figure 5 shown, the folding cutter head 6 moves downwards from the top opening of the outer shell 1, and after folding, the folding cutter head 6 retreats into the interior of the outer shell 1;

[0101] Specifically, the telescopic oil cylinder 9 located on the bracket 10 retracts downwards to make the tunneling equipment (such as: the folding cutter head 6 and the inner shell 3) slowly retreat downwards. At this time, under the block of the top edge of the outer shell 1, the multiple folding parts 602 of the folding cutter head 6 turn upwards to a position where they fit the tunneling surface of the cutter head body 601, so that the folding cutter head 6 can move downwards and retreat into the interior of the middle shell 2.

[0102] Step S3: The sealing head 4 is closed for waterproofing: As Figure 6 shown, close the sealing head 4 so that the sealing head 4 is hermetically covered at the top opening of the outer shell 1;

[0103] Specifically, after the tunneling equipment retreats downwards in place (that is: the folding cutter head 6 moves down into the outer shell 1), the second driving motor 8 drives the transmission device 15 and the first rotating shaft 401 to rotate, thereby driving the two sealing head assemblies 402 to rotate towards each other until the two sealing head assemblies 402 are closed to form a sealed whole, isolating the tunneling equipment from the water layer (external sea water) outside the outer shell 1, so as to achieve the purpose of sealing and waterproofing.

[0104] Step S4: The tunneling equipment retreats inside the shaft: As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shown, the folding cutter head 6 retreats into the main tunnel 19.

[0105] Specifically, after the head 4 is closed, the anti-retreat parts 14 are removed one by one, and the steel cable 12 is pulled by a winch to slowly lower the bracket 10 downward along the axis of the vertical shaft through the pulley 11. The tunneling equipment is transported downward by the bracket 10 to achieve the retreat in the well until the tunneling equipment retreats to the trolley 22 in the main tunnel 19 at the bottom of the vertical shaft.

[0106] Step S5: Reassembly: Re-equip the folding cutter head 6 that has retreated into the main tunnel 19 with the head 4 and the outer shell 1.

[0107] Specifically, after the tunneling equipment retreats to the main tunnel 19, install the outer shell devices (such as the outer shell 1, the head 4, the intermediate shell 2, etc.) on the outer periphery of the folding cutter head 6 again.

[0108] Step S6: Continuous construction of multiple vertical shafts: Repeat steps S1 to S4 to carry out vertical shaft tunneling operations at the next preset position.

[0109] Step S7: After all the vertical shafts are tunneled, evacuate the vertical shaft tunneling equipment.

[0110] Step S8: Inject water into the main tunnel 19 to balance the pressure between the vertical shaft and the outside of the vertical shaft.

[0111] Specifically, as Figure 10 shown, after all the vertical shafts at the preset position are completed, all the tunneling equipment and the trolley 22 are evacuated from the main tunnel 19, and then water is injected into the main tunnel 19 to balance the pressure between the inside of the vertical shaft and the sea water above it. After the main tunnel 19 is filled with water, divers can be arranged to dive into the seabed to detach the outer shell devices (such as the outer shell 1, the head 4, the intermediate shell 2, etc.) from the segment 18 and set up the water intake and drainage head 20 at the wellhead of the vertical shaft. The removed outer shell devices can be recycled. Among them, the water intake and drainage head 20 is located at the wellhead position of the vertical shaft (i.e., the seabed). The water intake and drainage head 20 (also known as: steel grating water intake and drainage head) is an existing structural member. The water intake and drainage head 20 is mainly used for water intake and drainage. The water intake and drainage head 20 is set as a grating structure to prevent large objects on the seabed surface (such as marine garbage, marine plants, etc.) from entering the vertical shaft and causing blockage; the bottom of the vertical shaft is connected to the existing main tunnel 19 (the main tunnel 19 is horizontally arranged), and the main tunnel 19 is connected to power plants and nuclear power plants. When water intake and drainage are required, the main tunnel 19 and multiple vertical shafts can be used as water intake and drainage channels to meet the water intake and drainage requirements.

[0112] I. In this vertical shaft construction method, through the head 4, a sealed self-waterproof structure can be formed at the top opening of the outer shell 1, which plays a role in sealing and waterproofing the folding cutter head 6 and related tunneling equipment inside the outer shell 1, ensuring the safe and smooth progress of underwater vertical shaft construction and effectively improving the working efficiency of underwater vertical shaft construction.

[0113] Second, in this shaft construction method, through the cooperation of the pulley 11, the steel cable 12 and the hoist, the bracket 10 and the folding cutter head 6 can be retracted into the main tunnel 19. Compared with the prior art, both the transfer efficiency and the safety are greatly improved, and the construction speed is faster.

[0114] Third, in this shaft construction method, the cutter head tunneling and central mucking method is adopted. Compared with the existing vertical jacking tunneling technology, the jacking force is smaller, which is suitable for the shaft tunneling construction in deep buried hard strata.

[0115] Fourth, in this shaft construction method, equipment such as the outer shell 1, the middle shell 2 and the head 4 can be recycled and reused, saving construction and equipment costs.

[0116] The above are only the schematic specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft tunneling machine, characterized in that, The shaft tunneling machine includes an upper shield body and a lower shield body. The upper shield body includes: A housing, which is vertically arranged and has a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The bottom of the housing is connected to the top of the lower shield body. An intermediate shell, which is vertically arranged and has a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The intermediate shell is arranged inside the housing and connected to the housing. The inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the intermediate shell are both spherical surfaces, so as to form a spherical gap between the outer wall of the intermediate shell and the inner wall of the housing. A folding cutter head, which is movably arranged up and down at the top opening of the housing. A head, which is arranged at the top opening of the housing and can be opened and closed. The head at least includes two head components, and the shapes of the two head components are matched with the shape of the gap. When the head is opened, the two head components can respectively rotate downward into the gap. The folding cutter head moves upward from the top opening of the housing and extends above the housing, and the folding cutter head unfolds to excavate the formation upward through the folding cutter head. When the head is closed, the folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the housing after folding, and the two head components respectively rotate upward and move from inside the gap to above the top opening of the housing to form a hemispherical head in combination.

2. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two head components are hinged to the intermediate shell through a first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft is connected to a first driving motor through a transmission device to drive the opening or closing of the two head components.

3. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first accommodating groove is arranged on the inner wall of the intermediate shell, and a transmission device and a first driving motor are arranged in the first accommodating groove. The transmission device is a worm and worm gear structure, and the output shaft of the first driving motor is connected to the first rotating shaft through the worm and worm gear structure.

4. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that A mating fitting structure and a first sealing gasket are arranged at the closing position of the two head components. When the head is closed, the two head components are hermetically connected at the closing position.

5. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper shield body further includes an inner shell, which is vertically arranged and has a cylindrical structure with openings at the top and bottom. The inner shell is movably arranged up and down inside the intermediate shell, and the folding cutter head is arranged at the top of the inner shell.

6. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, A plurality of second sealing gaskets are arranged between the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the intermediate shell to seal between the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the intermediate shell.

7. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shaft tunneling machine further includes a bracket, which is suspended in the lower shield body through a steel cable and can move up and down. A retaining member is arranged below the bracket, and the retaining member is detachably connected to the inner wall of the lower shield body and the bottom of the bracket respectively. The inner shell is arranged on the top of the bracket. When the retaining member is removed, the inner shell and the folding cutter head can be driven to move up and down through the steel cable.

8. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, A plurality of telescopic oil cylinders are arranged between the top of the bracket and the bottom of the inner shell, and the plurality of telescopic oil cylinders are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the inner shell.

9. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, On the inner wall of the middle shell, a plurality of strip-shaped second accommodating grooves are axially formed along the middle shell, and the plurality of second accommodating grooves are circumferentially distributed along the middle shell; On the top inner wall of the second accommodating groove, a pulley is provided. The steel cable line bypasses the top of the pulley, and both ends of the steel cable line extend downward from the pulley. The two ends of the steel cable line are respectively connected to the top of the bracket and a winch located in the main tunnel.

10. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 9, wherein, The bracket is of an annular structure. A central hole for discharging muck downward is left in the middle position of the bracket. Along the circumference of the bracket, a ring-shaped connecting portion is provided at the top edge of the bracket. A plurality of lifting lugs are provided at the top of the connecting portion. The positions of the lifting lugs are vertically opposite to the positions of the pulleys, so that one end of the steel cable line is connected to the lifting lug.

11. The shaft tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein, The folding cutter head includes a cutter head main body and a plurality of folding portions. The plurality of folding portions are circumferentially spaced along the cutter head main body, and the plurality of folding portions are respectively hinged to the edge of the cutter head main body through second rotating shafts; Cutters are provided on the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body and the tunneling surfaces of the plurality of folding portions. When the folding cutter head is in the unfolded state, the cutters on the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body and the tunneling surfaces of the plurality of folding portions are used to excavate the formation upward; The diameter of the cutter head main body is smaller than the inner diameter of the middle shell. When the folding cutter head is in the unfolded state, the plurality of folding portions are axially flipped upward around the second rotating shaft to a position where they are in contact with the tunneling surface of the cutter head main body, so that the folding cutter head can move downward and retract into the middle shell.

12. A shaft construction method implemented by using the shaft tunneling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The shaft construction method includes the following steps: Step S1: Open the end cover at the preset tunneling position. The folding cutter head moves upward from the top opening of the outer shell and extends above the outer shell. The folding cutter head is in the unfolded state and excavates the formation upward from the main tunnel to a preset height; Step S2: The folding cutter head moves downward from the top opening of the outer shell. After folding, the folding cutter head retracts into the inner part of the outer shell; Step S3: Close the end cover so that the end cover is hermetically covered at the top opening of the outer shell; Step S4: The folding cutter head retracts into the main tunnel.

13. The shaft construction method according to claim 12, characterized in that, After the step S4, it further includes: Step S5: Re-equip the folding cutter head retracted into the main tunnel with an end cover and an outer shell; Step S6: Repeat the steps S1 to S4 to perform shaft tunneling operations at the next preset position; Step S7: After all shaft tunneling is completed, evacuate the shaft tunneling equipment; Step S8: Inject water into the main tunnel to balance the pressure between the shaft and the outside of the shaft.

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