A supercritical carbon dioxide compressor

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology and discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor includes a housing assembly, an intake and exhaust assembly, and a rotor assembly. Supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in a first circulation assembly expands, while supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in a second circulation assembly compresses. The width angle α3 of the first intake pipe ranges from 40° to 50°, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe ranges from 60° to 70°, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe ranges from 55° to 65°, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe ranges from 30° to 40°. The rotor assembly includes a drum with multiple non-communicating working fluid channels inside. The drum is rotatably positioned within a closed space, allowing each working fluid channel to periodically communicate with the intake and exhaust assembly. The application of wave rotor technology in supercritical carbon dioxide compression requires lower rotational speeds, reduces the strength requirements of the rotor assembly, helps reduce costs, and improves compression efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology, and in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor. Background Technology

[0002] Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation uses supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid to convert heat from a heat source into mechanical power generation. It is an emerging, promising, clean and pollution-free power generation method.

[0003] In supercritical carbon dioxide power generation, the pressure exchange device is a crucial component, enabling its pressurization function. Currently, both centrifugal compressors and radial turbines can serve as pressure exchange devices. However, due to the high fluid density of supercritical carbon dioxide, using centrifugal compressors or radial turbines requires high rotational speeds to maintain the required rotor blade linear velocity, placing high demands on blade strength and resulting in low compression efficiency. Using a wave rotor as the pressure exchange device reduces the required rotational speed, solving these problems. However, current wave rotors primarily use air or water vapor as the working fluid, and whether wave rotor technology can be applied to the compression and pressurization of supercritical carbon dioxide remains a technical challenge.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor based on wave rotor technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor to solve the problems of high blade strength requirements and low compression efficiency of existing compressors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, comprising:

[0008] The housing assembly has an enclosed space;

[0009] The intake and exhaust assembly includes a first circulation assembly and a second circulation assembly disposed on both sides of the outer casing assembly. The supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the first circulation assembly expands, and the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the second circulation assembly compresses. The first circulation assembly includes a first intake pipe and a first exhaust pipe connected together, and the second circulation assembly includes a second intake pipe and a second exhaust pipe connected together. The width angle α3 of the first intake pipe is in the range of 40°-50°, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe is in the range of 60°-70°, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe is in the range of 55°-65°, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe is in the range of 30°-40°.

[0010] The rotor assembly includes a drum, which has multiple identical, parallel, and non-communicating working fluid channels inside. The drum is rotatably disposed within the enclosed space so that each working fluid channel is periodically connected to the intake and exhaust assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the width angle α3 of the first intake pipe, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe can be scaled proportionally.

[0012] Furthermore, the first intake pipe, the first exhaust pipe, the second intake pipe, and the second exhaust pipe are all inclinedly disposed on the housing assembly in the direction of working fluid flow.

[0013] Furthermore, the housing assembly includes a first end plate, and the first circulation assembly is inclinedly disposed on the first end plate in the direction of working fluid flow.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle θ3 between the first intake pipe and the first end plate is an obtuse angle, and the angle θ4 between the first exhaust pipe and the first end plate is an acute angle.

[0015] Furthermore, the tilt angle θ3 between the first intake pipe and the first end plate ranges from 105° to 115°, and the tilt angle θ4 between the first exhaust pipe and the first end plate ranges from 65° to 75°.

[0016] Furthermore, the housing assembly includes a second end plate, and the second circulation assembly is inclinedly disposed on the second end plate in the direction of working fluid flow.

[0017] Furthermore, the angle θ1 between the second intake pipe and the second end plate is an acute angle, and the angle θ2 between the second exhaust pipe and the second end plate is an obtuse angle.

[0018] Furthermore, the tilt angle θ1 between the second intake pipe and the second end plate ranges from 45° to 55°, and the tilt angle θ2 between the second exhaust pipe and the second end plate ranges from 115° to 125°.

[0019] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the first intake pipe, the first exhaust pipe, the second intake pipe, and the second exhaust pipe are all fan-shaped.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided by this invention includes a housing assembly, an intake and exhaust assembly, and a rotor assembly. The housing assembly has a closed space. The intake and exhaust assembly includes a first circulation assembly and a second circulation assembly disposed on both sides of the housing assembly. The supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the first circulation assembly expands, and the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the second circulation assembly compresses. The first circulation assembly includes a first intake pipe and a first exhaust pipe connected to each other. The second circulation assembly includes a second intake pipe and a second exhaust pipe connected to each other. The width angle α3 of the first intake pipe is in the range of 40°-50°, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe is in the range of 60°-70°, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe is in the range of 55°-65°, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe is in the range of 30°-40°. The rotor assembly includes a drum. The drum is provided with multiple working fluid channels of the same shape, arranged parallel to each other, and not connected to each other. The drum is rotatably disposed in the closed space so that each working fluid channel is periodically connected to the intake and exhaust assembly. The range of width angles is designed based on the unsteady shock waves and expansion waves moving within the working fluid channel, to adapt to compressors using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. If a certain width angle is too large, the duration of the resulting shock wave (or expansion wave) will be too long, resulting in excessive compression (or expansion) of the working fluid within the channel, disrupting the stable periodicity of the flow field. Conversely, if a certain width angle is too small, it will also disrupt the stable periodicity of the flow field. If the drum rotates continuously but the flow field cannot remain stable, the principle and function of the wave rotor will fail, and the compression objective will not be achieved. The application of wave rotor technology in supercritical carbon dioxide compression requires lower rotational speeds, reducing the strength requirements of the rotor components, thus helping to reduce costs and improve compression efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention from another angle;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4This is a front view of a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a rear view of a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a side view of a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a side view of the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention from another angle.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1-Housing assembly; 2-Intake and exhaust assembly; 3-Rotor assembly; 4-Shaft; 5-Bearing;

[0032] 11-Casing; 12-First end plate; 13-Second end plate; 21-First intake pipe; 22-First exhaust pipe; 23-Second intake pipe; 24-Second exhaust pipe; 31-Working fluid passage; 32-Drum;

[0033] 121-Intake port; 122-Exhaust port; 321-Baffle; 322-Inner cylinder; 323-Outer cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure.

[0035] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor that applies wave rotor technology to the compression and pressurization of supercritical carbon dioxide. The required speed is lower, which reduces the strength requirements of the rotor assembly 3, helps to reduce costs, and improves compression efficiency.

[0039] The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor includes a housing assembly 1, an intake and exhaust assembly 2, and a rotor assembly 3. The housing assembly 1 has a closed space. The intake and exhaust assembly 2 includes a first circulation assembly and a second circulation assembly located on both sides of the housing assembly 1. The supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the first circulation assembly expands, and the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid flowing in the second circulation assembly compresses. The first circulation assembly includes a first intake pipe 21 and a first exhaust pipe 22 that are connected to each other. The second circulation assembly includes a second intake pipe 23 and a second exhaust pipe 24 that are connected to each other. The width angle α3 of the first intake pipe 21 ranges from 40° to 50°, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe 22 ranges from 60° to 70°, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe 23 ranges from 55° to 65°, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe 24 ranges from 30° to 40°. The rotor assembly 3 includes a drum 32, which contains multiple identical, parallel, and non-interconnected working fluid channels 31. The drum 32 is rotatably positioned within a closed space so that each working fluid channel 31 periodically communicates with the intake and exhaust assembly 2. The range of each width angle is designed based on the unsteady shock waves and expansion waves moving within the working fluid channels 31, and is intended to adapt to compressors using supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid. If a certain width angle is too large, the duration of the resulting shock wave (or expansion wave) will be too long, resulting in excessive compression (or expansion) of the working medium (fluid) within the working medium channel 31, which will disrupt the stable periodicity of the flow field. If a certain width angle is too small, it will also disrupt the stable periodicity of the flow field. If the drum 32 continues to rotate, but the flow field cannot remain stable, the principle and function of the wave rotor will fail, and the compression purpose will not be achieved.

[0040] Furthermore, the extension direction of each working medium channel 31 is along the axial direction of the drum 32, and each working medium channel 31 is a uniform straight channel.

[0041] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the outer casing assembly 1 includes a casing 11, a first end plate 12, and a second end plate 13. The casing 11 is a cylindrical shape with both ends open. The first end plate 12 and the second end plate 13 are respectively installed at both ends of the casing 11 to form the aforementioned enclosed space, thereby preventing the supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid inside the compressor from leaking outward.

[0042] Furthermore, the first circulation assembly is mounted on the first end plate 12, and the second circulation assembly is mounted on the second end plate 13. The drum 32 serves as the rotor, and the first end plate 12 and the second end plate 13 serve as the stators. The rotor and the stators rotate relative to each other, which facilitates the pressurization and expansion of the compressor.

[0043] Furthermore, the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor also includes a rotating shaft 4, which is mounted on the drum 32.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the working fluid channel 31 is uniformly arranged along the circumference of the drum 32. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor rotates relative to the outer shell assembly 1 through the drum 32, causing the inlet and outlet of the working fluid channel 31 to open and close periodically, thereby triggering unsteady pressure waves and realizing the compressor's pressurization and expansion functions.

[0045] Furthermore, the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor also includes a bearing 5, the outer ring of which is mounted on the second end plate 13, and the inner ring of which is sleeved on the rotating shaft 4.

[0046] Furthermore, the drum 32 includes a partition 321, an inner cylinder 322, and an outer cylinder 323. The inner cylinder 322 and the outer cylinder 323 are coaxially arranged to form an annular space. Multiple partitions 321 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the annular space to form the aforementioned working fluid channel 31. Specifically, the partition 321, the inner cylinder 322, and the outer cylinder 323 can be integrally formed.

[0047] Furthermore, the first end plate 12 is provided with an air inlet port 121 and an exhaust port 122. Both the air inlet port 121 and the exhaust port 122 are through holes. The first air inlet pipe 21 is installed on the air inlet port 121, and the first exhaust pipe 22 is installed on the exhaust port 122.

[0048] Specifically, both the intake port 121 and the exhaust port 122 are fan-shaped and are respectively adapted to the corresponding first intake pipe 21 or first exhaust pipe 22.

[0049] Furthermore, the second end plate 13 is also provided with an air intake port and an exhaust port, the shape and function of which are similar to those of the air intake port 121 and the exhaust port 122.

[0050] Because the fluid in the first circulation assembly expands (i.e., high intake pressure and low exhaust pressure), the intake port 121, which draws fluid from the first end plate 12, is defined as the high-pressure intake port, and the exhaust port 122 is defined as the low-pressure exhaust port. Because the fluid in the second circulation assembly compresses (i.e., low intake pressure and high exhaust pressure), the intake port, which draws fluid from the second end plate 13, is defined as the low-pressure intake port, and the exhaust port on the second end plate 13 is defined as the high-pressure exhaust port. The high-pressure intake port and high-pressure exhaust port generate shock waves into the working fluid channel 31, while the low-pressure intake port and low-pressure exhaust port generate expansion waves into the working fluid channel 31, thereby completing the compressor's pressurization and expansion.

[0051] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the width angle of each circulation pipe refers to the central angle formed between the outermost contours at both ends and the axis of the outer casing assembly 1 along the width direction. In other words, the width angle of each circulation pipe is equal to the central angle formed between the corresponding intake or exhaust port on the end plate and the axis of the end plate. The width angle of each circulation pipe plays an important role in maintaining the stable periodicity of the flow field.

[0052] Furthermore, the width angle α3 of the first intake pipe 21, the width angle α4 of the first exhaust pipe 22, the width angle α1 of the second intake pipe 23, and the width angle α2 of the second exhaust pipe 24 can be scaled proportionally.

[0053] like Figures 6-7 As shown, the first intake pipe 21, the first exhaust pipe 22, the second intake pipe 23, and the second exhaust pipe 24 are all inclinedly arranged on the outer casing assembly 1 in the direction of working fluid flow. This arrangement can reduce energy loss and prevent flow field turbulence.

[0054] Furthermore, the first circulation component is inclinedly disposed on the first end plate 12 in the direction of working fluid flow.

[0055] Furthermore, the angle θ3 between the first intake pipe 21 and the first end plate 12 is an obtuse angle, and the angle θ4 between the first exhaust pipe 22 and the first end plate 12 is an acute angle.

[0056] Furthermore, the tilt angle θ3 between the first intake pipe 21 and the first end plate 12 ranges from 105° to 115°, and the tilt angle θ4 between the first exhaust pipe 22 and the first end plate 12 ranges from 65° to 75°.

[0057] Furthermore, the second circulation component is inclinedly disposed on the second end plate 13 in the direction of working fluid flow.

[0058] Furthermore, the angle θ1 between the second intake pipe 23 and the second end plate 13 is an acute angle, and the angle θ2 between the second exhaust pipe 24 and the second end plate 13 is an obtuse angle.

[0059] Furthermore, the tilt angle θ1 between the second intake pipe 23 and the second end plate 13 ranges from 45° to 55°, and the tilt angle θ2 between the second exhaust pipe 24 and the second end plate 13 ranges from 115° to 125°.

[0060] Furthermore, the cross-sections of the first intake pipe 21, the first exhaust pipe 22, the second intake pipe 23, and the second exhaust pipe 24 are all fan-shaped. This shape design facilitates the compression function of the wave rotor.

[0061] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A supercritical carbon dioxide compressor characterized by, The utility model relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide heat pump system, comprising: a housing assembly (1) having a closed space; an air intake and exhaust assembly (2) comprising a first circulation assembly and a second circulation assembly arranged separately on two sides of the housing assembly (1), supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flowing in the first circulation assembly expands, and supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flowing in the second circulation assembly compresses, the first circulation assembly comprises a first air intake pipe (21) and a first air exhaust pipe (22) connected in communication, the second circulation assembly comprises a second air intake pipe (23) and a second air exhaust pipe (24) connected in communication, the width angle alpha 3 of the first air intake pipe (21) ranges from 40 to 50 degrees, the width angle alpha 4 of the first air exhaust pipe (22) ranges from 60 to 70 degrees, the width angle alpha 1 of the second air intake pipe (23) ranges from 55 to 65 degrees, and the width angle alpha 2 of the second air exhaust pipe (24) ranges from 30 to 40 degrees; a rotor assembly (3) comprising a drum (32), a plurality of working medium channels (31) of the same shape and arranged in parallel and not in communication with each other are arranged in the drum (32), and the drum (32) is rotationally arranged in the closed space to periodically communicate each working medium channel (31) with the air intake and exhaust assembly (2).

2. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 1, wherein, The width angle alpha 3 of the first air intake pipe (21), the width angle alpha 4 of the first air exhaust pipe (22), the width angle alpha 1 of the second air intake pipe (23) and the width angle alpha 2 of the second air exhaust pipe (24) can be scaled proportionally.

3. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 1, wherein, The first air intake pipe (21), the first air exhaust pipe (22), the second air intake pipe (23) and the second air exhaust pipe (24) are all arranged on the housing assembly (1) in a direction inclined to the working medium flow direction.

4. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 3, wherein, The housing assembly (1) comprises a first end disc (12), and the first circulation assembly is arranged on the first end disc (12) in a direction inclined to the working medium flow direction.

5. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 4, wherein, The inclination angle theta 3 of the first air intake pipe (21) and the first end disc (12) is an obtuse angle, and the inclination angle theta 4 of the first air exhaust pipe (22) and the first end disc (12) is an acute angle.

6. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 5, wherein, The inclination angle theta 3 of the first air intake pipe (21) and the first end disc (12) ranges from 105 to 115 degrees, and the inclination angle theta 4 of the first air exhaust pipe (22) and the first end disc (12) ranges from 65 to 75 degrees.

7. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 3, wherein, The housing assembly (1) comprises a second end disc (13), and the second circulation assembly is arranged on the second end disc (13) in a direction inclined to the working medium flow direction.

8. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 7, wherein, The inclination angle theta 1 of the second air intake pipe (23) and the second end disc (13) is an acute angle, and the inclination angle theta 2 of the second air exhaust pipe (24) and the second end disc (13) is an obtuse angle.

9. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 8, wherein, The inclination angle theta 1 of the second air intake pipe (23) and the second end disc (13) ranges from 45 to 55 degrees, and the inclination angle theta 2 of the second air exhaust pipe (24) and the second end disc (13) ranges from 115 to 125 degrees.

10. The supercritical carbon dioxide compressor of claim 1, wherein, The first intake pipe (21), the first exhaust pipe (22), the second intake pipe (23) and the second exhaust pipe (24) are all in the shape of a fan ring in cross section.

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