A variable angle shear test device with controllable loading surface

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-angle shearing experiment device with controllable loading surface, which comprises a hydraulic press frame, a flexible transition plate arranged on the hydraulic press frame, a transition plate support base, a loading table and a lifting device, wherein the lifting device is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic press frame and is used in cooperation with the loading table; the loading table is arranged on the upper side of the lifting device and is provided with a sample table on the loading table; the transition plate support base is arranged on the loading table and is used in cooperation with the flexible transition plate; the flexible transition plate is arranged on the loading table through the transition plate support base and is used in cooperation with a loading mechanism; the device has the characteristics of reasonable structure design, simple and convenient use and effective simulation of the real state of rock stress under complex environment, and can adjust the size of the pressure applied by the shearing force loading surface and the constraint surface, fix different size samples and adjust the curvature of the loading head.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biaxial loading mechanical experiment equipment of rock-like materials, and particularly relates to a variable-angle shearing experiment device of a controllable loading surface under a real complex stress condition. BACKGROUND

[0002] The shearing load effect on the surrounding rock during the excavation and construction of underground caverns will cause serious disturbance, and the change law of the rock mechanics properties under the shearing load effect of different angles and loading positions is quite different; due to the complexity of the multi-angle shearing load application, it is difficult to carry out the variable-angle shearing experiment of the rock; at present, the determination of the rock shearing strength is mainly based on the direct shearing test or the variable-angle shearing test with a fixed loading head shape, but in the actual rock mechanics engineering problems, the rock is subjected to complex and various forces, the direction of the shearing load often has a certain angle with the position of the rock axis, and the shearing mechanics properties of the rock at different structural surfaces are obviously different, so a variable-angle shearing experiment device of a controllable loading surface under a real complex stress condition is urgently needed.

[0003] The invention patent with the patent number 202010867810.2 discloses a rock variable-angle shearing device, which comprises a rod control execution mechanism, a press and a rock variable-angle shearing clamp, and meets the experimental requirements of the variable-angle shearing, but the above scheme has the problems of a simplified experimental equipment, a simple combination of the shearing device and the variable-angle device, a single specimen size and a low experimental equipment reuse rate;

[0004] The invention patent with the patent number 201710140310.7 provides a soft rock similar material standard cylindrical specimen variable-angle shearing combined clamp, which comprises a base, a support column, a sliding clamping seat and a shearing sliding block, and the shearing comparison of the cylindrical rock specimen is unique, and the longitudinal size is variable; but the scheme is similar to the first scheme, and cannot solve the problems of the accurate change of the rock shearing loading surface and the measurement of the rock shearing mechanics properties under the complex stress environment;

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to design a variable-angle shearing experiment device of a controllable loading surface under a real complex stress condition to solve the problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application aims to provide a variable-angle shearing experiment device of a controllable loading surface, which can adjust the size of the shearing force loading surface and the constraint surface, fix the samples of different sizes, adjust the curvature of the loading head, and has the characteristics of reasonable structure design, simple and convenient use, and effective simulation of the real state of the rock under the complex environment.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0008] A variable-angle shear test device with a controllable loading surface comprises a hydraulic press frame, a flexible transition plate arranged on the hydraulic press frame, a transition plate support base, a sample stage, and a lifting device,

[0009] The lifting device is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic press frame and is used in cooperation with the sample stage;

[0010] The sample stage is arranged on the upper side of the lifting device, and a test sample stage is arranged on the sample stage;

[0011] The transition plate support base is arranged on the sample stage and is used in cooperation with the flexible transition plate;

[0012] The flexible transition plate is arranged on the sample stage through the transition plate support base and is used in cooperation with a loading mechanism arranged on the hydraulic press frame.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible transition plate comprises normal loading plates and tangential loading plates which are symmetrically arranged and staggered with each other, the normal loading plates and the tangential loading plates each comprise a first flexible transition plate, a first rigid filler plate, a micro-element structure plate, a filler, a second rigid filler plate, and a second flexible transition plate,

[0014] The first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate are symmetrically arranged, and the first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate are each made of a flexible material;

[0015] The first rigid filler plate and the second rigid filler plate are symmetrically arranged between the first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate, and a first telescopic hole is arranged on the first rigid filler plate and the second rigid filler plate;

[0016] The filler and the micro-element structure plate are each arranged between the first rigid filler plate and the second rigid filler plate, a second telescopic hole is arranged on the micro-element structure plate, and the filler is used in cooperation with the first telescopic hole and the second telescopic hole.

[0017] Preferably, the filler comprises a first telescopic member, a first driving member, and a second telescopic member,

[0018] The first telescopic member and the second telescopic member are each a circular cylinder, a first adjusting hole is formed at the end of the first telescopic member, and a first driving motor is arranged at the bottom of the first adjusting hole;

[0019] The first driving member is arranged at the driving end of the first driving motor, and a clamping strip is arranged on the outer side of the first driving member;

[0020] The second adjusting hole is arranged on the second telescopic part and is used in cooperation with the first driving part, and a clamping groove is arranged on the side wall of the second adjusting hole and is used in cooperation with the clamping strip.

[0021] Preferably, the transition plate support base comprises a bottom plate, a baffle plate and a clamping plate,

[0022] The bottom plate is arranged on the sample stage and comprises a first bottom plate and a second bottom plate which are perpendicular to each other, and a cylindrical end portion on the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate is rotatably embedded with a ball, which is used in cooperation with the flexible transition plate.

[0023] The baffle plate is arranged on the bottom plate and comprises a first baffle plate and a second baffle plate which are perpendicular to each other, the first baffle plate is arranged on the second bottom plate, and the second baffle plate is arranged on the first bottom plate.

[0024] The clamping plate is arranged on the baffle plate and comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate which are perpendicular to each other, the first clamping plate is arranged on the second baffle plate and is used in cooperation with the tangential loading plate, and the second clamping plate is arranged on the first baffle plate and is used in cooperation with the normal loading plate.

[0025] Preferably, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate each comprise a guide part, a telescopic blocking rod and a spring,

[0026] The guide part is arranged at the top end of the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate, and a spring mounting groove and a telescopic guide groove which are in communication with each other are arranged on the guide part, and the telescopic guide groove penetrates through the lower side wall of the guide part.

[0027] The spring is movably mounted in the spring mounting groove and is used in cooperation with the telescopic blocking rod.

[0028] The telescopic blocking rod is an L-shaped structure used in cooperation with the spring, one blocking rod of the telescopic blocking rod is used in cooperation with the telescopic guide groove, and the other blocking rod is used in cooperation with the normal loading plate and the tangential loading plate.

[0029] Preferably, the sample stage comprises a mounting adjusting part, a first guide clamping plate and a mounting frame,

[0030] The mounting frame is arranged on the lifting device, and the sample stage is arranged on the mounting frame.

[0031] The first guide clamping plate is arranged on the mounting frame, and a guide clamping groove is arranged on the first guide clamping plate and is used in cooperation with the mounting adjusting part.

[0032] The mounting adjusting part is movably mounted on the mounting frame through the first guide clamping plate and is used in cooperation with a driving unit arranged on the mounting frame.

[0033] The installation adjusting member is preferably in the form of a barb structure, and a meshing tooth is arranged on the inner side of the long side of the installation adjusting member and cooperates with a driving unit, the driving unit comprising a second driving motor and a first driving gear,

[0034] The second driving motor is arranged on the mounting rack;

[0035] The first driving gear is arranged on the driving end of the second driving motor and is in meshing engagement with the meshing tooth arranged on the adjusting member.

[0036] The lifting device is preferably arranged on the lower side of the mounting rack and comprises a second driving member, a second guide clamping plate and a base;

[0037] The base is arranged on the bottom of the hydraulic machine frame, and a third driving motor and a second driving gear are arranged on the base, and the second driving gear is arranged on the driving end of the third driving motor;

[0038] The second guide clamping plate is symmetrically arranged on the base, and a guide clamping groove is arranged on the inner side of the second guide clamping plate and cooperates with the second driving member;

[0039] The second driving member is arranged on the base through the second guide clamping plate, and a rack is arranged on the second driving member and is in meshing engagement with the second driving gear; and a driving plate integrally formed with the rack is further arranged on the second driving member, the inner side of the driving plate is provided with a first driving slope, and the first driving slope cooperates with a second driven slope arranged on the mounting rack.

[0040] The hydraulic machine frame is preferably an integrated frame, and the loading mechanism is arranged on the supporting leg of the integrated frame and comprises a hydraulic loading head, a first variable-curvature loading head and a second variable-curvature loading head arranged on the hydraulic loading head;

[0041] The hydraulic loading head is arranged on the inner side of the supporting leg, and the hydraulic loading head, the first variable-curvature loading head and the second variable-curvature loading head are arranged in pairs;

[0042] The first variable-curvature loading head cooperates with a tangential loading plate, and the second variable-curvature loading head cooperates with a normal loading plate; and the first variable-curvature loading head and the second variable-curvature loading head are both hollow cubic parts, the loading surface of the first variable-curvature loading head and the second variable-curvature loading head is made of flexible material, and the side hole cooperates with a variable-curvature loading head pressing mechanism.

[0043] The variable-curvature loading head pressing mechanism preferably comprises a first communication frame circular ring and a second communication frame circular ring, and the first communication frame circular ring and the second communication frame circular ring are both hollow annular tubular structures,

[0044] The first communication frame annulus is communicated with the second variable curvature loading head through a second pressurizing pipeline;

[0045] The second communication frame annulus is communicated with the first variable curvature loading head through a first pressurizing pipeline.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application discloses a variable-angle shear test device with a controllable loading surface, compared with the prior art, the improvement of the present application is that:

[0047] The present application designs a variable-angle shear test device with a controllable loading surface, which comprises a hydraulic machine frame, a flexible transition plate, a transition plate support base, a sample stage and a lifting device arranged on the hydraulic machine frame, and in use:

[0048] 1. By arranging the flexible transition plate, the size of the loading surface of the flexible transition plate can be adjusted by controlling the action of the filler during use, the size of the shear force loading surface and the constraint surface can be adjusted, and the function of controllable shear surface position can be realized;

[0049] 2. By designing the transition plate support base and the sample stage, different sizes of samples can be pre-positioned during use to fix the samples of different sizes;

[0050] 3. By arranging the hydraulic machine frame, the curvature of the loading surface of the first variable curvature loading head and the second variable curvature loading head can be adjusted during use to realize the function of simulating the real state of rock stress under complex environment;

[0051] The experimental device has the advantages of reasonable structure design, simple use, and can effectively simulate the real state of rock stress under complex environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the front view angle of the variable-angle shear test device with a controllable loading surface of the present application.

[0053] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the top view angle of the variable-angle shear test device with a controllable loading surface of the present application.

[0054] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of the normal loading plate of the present application.

[0055] Figure 4 It is an exploded view of the tangential loading plate of the present application.

[0056] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the filler of the present application.

[0057] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the first telescopic part of the present application.

[0058] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the transition plate support base of the present application.

[0059] Figure 8 Exploded view of the transition plate support base of the present application.

[0060] Figure 9 Exploded view of the beam clamp of the present application.

[0061] Figure 10 Structure diagram of the guide part of the present application.

[0062] Figure 11 Structure diagram of the object table of the present application.

[0063] Figure 12 Structure diagram of the mounting rack of the present application.

[0064] Figure 13 Structure diagram of the lifting device of the present application

[0065] Figure 14 Structure diagram of the base of the present application.

[0066] Figure 15 Structure diagram of the driving part of the present application.

[0067] Figure 16 Structure diagram of the hydraulic press frame of the present application.

[0068] Figure 17 Exploded view of the hydraulic press frame of the present application.

[0069] Among them: 1. Flexible transition plate, 1-1. Normal loading plate, 1-2. Tangential loading plate, 1-1-1. First flexible transition plate, 1-1-2. First rigid filling plate, 1-1-3. Micro-element structure plate, 1-1-4. Filler, 1-1-4-1. First telescopic component, 1-1-4-2. First driving component, 1-1-4-3. Second telescopic component, 1-1-4-4. Second adjusting hole, 1-1-4-5. First drive motor, 1-1-4-6. Locking strip. 1. Slot, 1-1-4-7. Locking strip, 1-1-4-8. First adjustment hole, 1-1-5. Second rigid filling plate, 1-1-6. Second flexible transition plate, 1-1-7. First telescopic hole, 1-1-8. Second telescopic hole; 2. Transition plate support base, 2-1. First constraint clamping plate, 2-1-1. Telescopic stop bar, 2-1-2. Guide component, 2-1-3. Spring, 2-1-4. Spring mounting slot, 2-1-5. Guide telescopic groove, 2-2. Second constraint 2-3. Clamping plate; 2-4. First base plate; 2-6. Cylinder; 2-7. Second base plate; 2-8. First baffle; 3. Stage; 3-1. Mounting adjustment component; 3-2. First guide plate; 3-3. Mounting bracket; 3-3-1. Sample stage; 3-3-2. Second drive motor; 3-3-3. Second driven inclined plane; 3-3-4. First drive gear; 4. Lifting device; 4-1. Second drive component; 4-1-1. Rack; 4-1-2. Drive... 4-1-3. First driving inclined plane; 4-2. Second guide plate; 4-3. Base; 4-4. Second driving gear; 4-5. Third driving motor; 5. Hydraulic press frame; 5-1. Hydraulic loading head; 5-2. Support leg; 5-3. Integrated frame; 5-4. First variable curvature loading head; 5-5. Second variable curvature loading head; 5-6. First connecting frame ring; 5-7. Second connecting frame ring; 5-8. First pressurizing pipe; 5-9. Second pressurizing pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0071] Example 1: Refer to Appendix Figures 1-17 The controllable loading surface variable angle shear experimental device shown includes a hydraulic press frame 5, a flexible transition plate 1, a transition plate support base 2, a platform 3, and a lifting device 4, all mounted on the hydraulic press frame 5.

[0072] The lifting device 4 is located at the lower end of the hydraulic press frame 5 and is used in conjunction with the platform 3. The height of the platform 3 can be adjusted by the lifting device 4.

[0073] The sample stage 3-3-1 is arranged on the sample stage 3 and is used in cooperation with the flexible transition plate 1.

[0074] The transition plate support base 2 is fixedly arranged on the sample stage 3 and is used in cooperation with the flexible transition plate 1.

[0075] The flexible transition plate 1 is installed on the sample stage 3 through the transition plate support base 2 and is used in cooperation with the loading mechanism arranged on the hydraulic machine frame 5, and in use, the loading mechanism is used to push the flexible transition plate 1 to apply a load to the sample.

[0076] Preferably, in order to apply a tangential shear force and a normal shear force to the sample in use, the flexible transition plate 1 comprises a normal loading plate 1-1 and a tangential loading plate 1-2 which are symmetrically arranged and staggered with each other, wherein the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2 are controllable loading surfaces with the same structure and each comprises a first flexible transition plate 1-1-1, a first rigid filling plate 1-1-2, a micro-element structure plate 1-1-3, a filling piece 1-1-4, a second rigid filling plate 1-1-5 and a second flexible transition plate 1-1-6, wherein

[0077] The first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6 are symmetrically arranged, and the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6 are each made of a flexible material;

[0078] The first rigid filling plate 1-1-2 and the second rigid filling plate 1-1-5 are arranged between the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6, and a plurality of first expansion holes 1-1-7 are arranged on the first rigid filling plate 1-1-2 and the second rigid filling plate 1-1-5;

[0079] The filling piece 1-1-4 and the micro-element structure plate 1-1-3 are arranged between the first rigid filling plate 1-1-2 and the second rigid filling plate 1-1-5, and a plurality of second expansion holes 1-1-8 are arranged on the micro-element structure plate 1-1-3, and the filling piece 1-1-4 is used in cooperation with the first expansion holes 1-1-7 and the second expansion holes 1-1-8 to form a continuously changing load pressure on the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6.

[0080] Preferably, the first rigid filling plate 1-1-2, the micro-structure plate 1-1-3 and the second rigid filling plate 1-1-5 are all made of rigid materials, the second telescopic hole 1-1-8 is arranged in a honeycomb shape on the micro-structure plate 1-1-3, the filling piece 1-1-4 passes through the first telescopic hole 1-1-7 and the second telescopic hole 1-1-8, and the two ends extend out of the first telescopic hole 1-1-7, so that when the filling piece 1-1-4 is elongated, the shear load can be transmitted on the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6 without changing the load distribution characteristics.

[0081] Preferably, in order to facilitate the formation of uniform loading pressure on different areas of the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6 by the telescoping of the filling piece 1-1-4, the filling piece 1-1-4 is designed to include a first telescopic piece 1-1-4-1, a first driving piece 1-1-4-2 and a second telescopic piece 1-1-4-3, wherein

[0082] The first telescopic piece 1-1-4-1 and the second telescopic piece 1-1-4-3 are both circular cylindrical pieces, and a first adjusting hole 1-1-4-8 is formed at one end of the first telescopic piece 1-1-4-1, the first adjusting hole 1-1-4-8 is provided with a first driving motor 1-1-4-5 at the bottom, and the first driving motor 1-1-4-5 is fixedly connected with the first driving piece 1-1-4-2;

[0083] The first driving piece 1-1-4-2 is arranged at the driving end of the first driving motor 1-1-4-5, and a clamping strip 1-1-4-7 is arranged outside the first driving piece 1-1-4-2;

[0084] The second telescopic piece 1-1-4-3 is provided with a second adjusting hole 1-1-4-4 which is used in cooperation with the first driving piece 1-1-4-2, and a clamping strip slot 1-1-4-6 is formed in the side wall of the second adjusting hole 1-1-4-4 which is used in cooperation with the clamping strip 1-1-4-7; the second telescopic piece 1-1-4-3 is further provided with an external thread which is used in cooperation with a thread arranged at the port of the first adjusting hole 1-1-4-8; in use, the first driving motor 1-1-4-5 drives the first driving piece 1-1-4-2 to rotate, and then drives the second telescopic piece 1-1-4-3 to rotate, so as to adjust the length of the filling piece 1-1-4.

[0085] The process and principle of controlling the load distribution characteristics of the flexible transition plate 1 described in this embodiment include: taking the normal loading plate 1-1 as an example; overall, the flexible transition plate is the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6 sandwiching the middle rigid interlayer; the front and back surfaces of the rigid interlayer are a plane under normal circumstances, but at this time, since the filler 1-1-4 does not deform, its two bottom surfaces and the first rigid filler plate 1-1-2 and the second rigid filler plate 1-1-5 are located on a plane, at this time, the rigid interlayer does not change the load characteristics when transmitting the load between the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6, and the entire normal loading plate 1-1 is approximately the same as transmitting the load with a whole piece of flexible material;

[0086] When the first drive motor 1-1-4-5 rotates and drives the first drive member 1-1-4-2 and the second telescopic member 1-1-4-3 to rotate, and because of the action of the screw thread, the second telescopic member 1-1-4-3 is rotated out, the cylindrical height of the entire filler 1-1-4 is increased, so that this area is higher than other areas of the rigid interlayer, so that it plays a supporting role in the middle of the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6, so that compared to other areas, the protruding area of the filler 1-1-4 transmits the load better, which can be approximately regarded as changing the elastic modulus of a region of the flexible plate composed of the first flexible transition plate 1-1-1 and the second flexible transition plate 1-1-6, and further changing the load distribution characteristics of the front and back of this region when the flexible transition plate transmits the load.

[0087] Embodiment 2: Different from embodiment 1, in order to install the flexible transition plate 1, the transition plate support base 2 is designed to include a bottom plate, a baffle plate, and a clamping plate, wherein

[0088] The bottom plate includes a first bottom plate 2-3 and a second bottom plate 2-6 which are perpendicular to each other, and the first bottom plate 2-3 and the second bottom plate 2-6 are fixedly arranged on the object table 3;

[0089] The baffle plate is arranged on the bottom plate and includes a first baffle plate 2-7 and a second baffle plate 2-8 which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the first baffle plate 2-7 is arranged on the second bottom plate 2-6, and the second baffle plate 2-8 is arranged on the first bottom plate 2-3;

[0090] The clamping plate is arranged on the baffle plate and includes a first clamping plate 2-1 and a second clamping plate 2-2 which are perpendicular to each other, wherein the first clamping plate 2-1 is arranged on the second baffle plate 2-8 and is used in cooperation with the tangential loading plate 1-2 to install the tangential loading plate 1-2 on the first bottom plate 2-3, and the second clamping plate 2-2 is arranged on the first baffle plate 2-7 and is used in cooperation with the normal loading plate 1-1 to install the normal loading plate 1-1 on the second bottom plate 2-6.

[0091] Preferably, to reduce the friction of the flexible transition plate 1 when sliding on the base plate, a plurality of circular holes are arranged in a matrix on the first base plate 2-3 and the second base plate 2-6, a cylindrical column 2-4 is fixedly installed in each of the circular holes, a small ball is rotatably embedded at the end of the cylindrical column 2-4, and the small ball can freely rotate in the groove embedded on the cylindrical column 2-4; a plurality of cylindrical columns 2-4 are combined together to jointly support the flexible transition plate 1, and when the flexible transition plate 1 is deformed under stress, the support surface does not constrain the deformation of the flexible material due to the rotating characteristics of the small ball.

[0092] Preferably, to fix the flexible transition plate 1, a guide 2-1-2, an extension blocking rod 2-1-1 and a spring 2-1-3 are arranged on the first constraint clamping plate 2-1 and the second constraint clamping plate 2-2.

[0093] The guide 2-1-2 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the first blocking plate 2-7 and the second blocking plate 2-8, and a spring mounting groove 2-1-4 and a guide extension groove 2-1-5 are arranged on the guide 2-1-2, the guide extension groove 2-1-5 penetrates the lower side wall of the guide 2-1-2, and the spring mounting groove 2-1-4 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the guide extension groove 2-1-5 and communicates with the guide extension groove 2-1-5.

[0094] The spring 2-1-3 is movably installed in the spring mounting groove 2-1-4 and cooperates with the extension blocking rod 2-1-1.

[0095] The extension blocking rod 2-1-1 has an L-shaped structure, a spring mounting seat 2-1-6 is arranged on the extension blocking rod 2-1-1 and cooperates with the spring 2-1-3, one of the two blocking rods of the extension blocking rod 2-1-1 cooperates with the guide extension groove 2-1-5 and extends and retracts along the guide extension groove 2-1-5 under the action of the spring 2-1-3, and the other blocking rod cooperates with the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2, so that the extension blocking rod 2-1-1 can be in close contact with the first blocking plate 2-7 and the second blocking plate 2-8.

[0096] Preferably, to avoid the extension blocking rod 2-1-1 from being popped out, the opening ends of the spring mounting groove 2-1-4 and the guide extension groove 2-1-5 on the guide 2-1-2 are connected with the first blocking plate 2-7 and the second blocking plate 2-8, the first blocking plate 2-7 and the second blocking plate 2-8 are used to block the spring mounting groove 2-1-4 and the guide extension groove 2-1-5, the sealed ends of the spring mounting groove 2-1-4 and the guide extension groove 2-1-5 are free ends, the extension blocking rod 2-1-1 moves in the free ends, and the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2 are fixed.

[0097] The use process and principle of the transition plate support base 2 in the embodiment include: before the experiment, the normal loading plate 1-1 is installed on the second bottom plate 2-6, the tangential loading plate 1-2 is installed on the first bottom plate 2-3, and the telescopic stop rod 2-1-1 is clamped and fixed by manual adjustment, and the installation of the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2 is completed.

[0098] During the test: the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2 slide along the second bottom plate 2-6 and the first bottom plate 2-3 under the driving of the loading mechanism, and the small ball bearings arranged on the cylinder 2-4 play a role in reducing the friction force.

[0099] Embodiment 3: Different from the above-mentioned embodiments, in order to facilitate the installation of the sample and the movement of the transition plate support base 2 during the experiment, the transition plate support base 2 is suitable for fixing samples of different sizes, and the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2 are used to apply load to the sample; the object table 3 is designed to include an installation adjusting part 3-1, a first guide clamping plate 3-2 and a mounting frame 3-3, wherein

[0100] The mounting frame 3-3 is installed on the lifting device 4 and is used in cooperation with the lifting device 4, and a sample table 3-3-1 is arranged on the mounting frame 3-3 for placing the sample;

[0101] The first guide clamping plate 3-2 is arranged on the mounting frame 3-3, and a guide clamping groove is arranged on the first guide clamping plate 3-2;

[0102] The installation adjusting part 3-1 is movably installed on the mounting frame 3-3 through the first guide clamping plate 3-2, and is used in cooperation with a driving unit arranged on the mounting frame 3-3, the installation adjusting part 3-1 is driven to move along the length direction of the guide clamping groove through the driving unit, and the bottom plates are fixedly installed on the installation adjusting part 3-1, and the bottom plates are driven to move towards or away from each other through the installation adjusting part 3-1.

[0103] Preferably, the installation adjusting part 3-1 is in a barb shape, and engagement teeth are arranged on the inner side of the long side of the installation adjusting part 3-1 and are used in cooperation with the driving unit, and the driving unit includes a second driving motor 3-3-2 and a first driving gear 3-3-4, wherein

[0104] The second driving motor 3-3-2 is fixedly installed on the mounting frame 3-3;

[0105] The first driving gear 3-3-4 is arranged at the driving end of the second driving motor 3-3-2 and is in meshing engagement with the meshing teeth arranged on the adjusting member 3-1, that is, in use, the first driving gear 3-3-4 is driven to rotate by the second driving motor 3-3-2, and the adjusting member 3-1 is driven to move along the length direction of the guide clamping slot by the meshing force of the first driving gear 3-3-4, thereby driving the bottom plate to move towards or away from each other, and the sample is clamped by the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2, and the sample is pre-positioned.

[0106] Preferably, in order to cooperate with the mounting rack 3-3, the height of the mounting rack 3-3 is adjusted, and the lifting device 4 is designed at the lower side of the mounting rack 3-3, which comprises a second driving member 4-1, a second guide clamping plate 4-2 and a base 4-3.

[0107] The base 4-3 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hydraulic machine frame 5, and the third driving motor 4-5 and the second driving gear 4-4 are arranged on the base 4-3, the third driving motor 4-5 is fixedly arranged on the base 4-3, and the second driving gear 4-4 is arranged at the driving end of the third driving motor 4-5, and the second driving gear 4-4 is driven to rotate by the third driving motor 4-5.

[0108] The second guide clamping plate 4-2 is symmetrically arranged on the base 4-3, and a guide clamping slot is arranged on the inner side of the second guide clamping plate 4-2 and cooperates with the second driving member 4-1.

[0109] The second driving member 4-1 is movably arranged on the base 4-3 through the second guide clamping plate 4-2 and cooperates with the guide clamping slot arranged on the second guide clamping plate 4-2, and a rack 4-1-1 is arranged on the second driving member 4-1 and meshes with the second driving gear 4-4, and the two second driving members 4-1 are driven to move towards or away from each other along the length direction of the guide clamping slot by the rotation of the second driving gear 4-4.

[0110] Preferably, in order to cooperate with the mounting rack 3-3, a driving plate 4-1-2 integrally formed with the rack 4-1-1 is further arranged on the second driving member 4-1, a first driving slope 4-1-3 is arranged on the inner side of the driving plate 4-1-2, and the first driving slope 4-1-3 cooperates with a second driven slope 3-3-3 arranged on the mounting rack 3-3, that is, in use, when the two second driving members 4-1 are driven to move towards or away from each other by the driving action of the second driving motor 3-3-2, the first driving slope 4-1-3 and the second driven slope 3-3-3 are pressed against each other, and the height of the mounting rack 3-3 is adjusted by the relative sliding between the two slopes, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the height of the mounting rack 3-3 and the upper structure.

[0111] The use process and principle of the object table 3 and the lifting device 4 in the embodiment include:

[0112] Firstly, in use, according to the experimental requirements, the first driving gear 3-3-4 is driven to rotate by the second driving motor 3-3-2, the adjusting member 3-1 is driven to move along the length direction of the guide clamping groove by the meshing force of the first driving gear 3-3-4, and then the bottom plate is driven to move towards or away from each other, so that the sample is clamped and positioned by the normal loading plate 1-1 and the tangential loading plate 1-2; after the sample is positioned, according to the size of the sample and the height of the position of the loading mechanism, the two second driving members 4-1 are driven to move towards or away from each other by the second driving motor 3-3-2, the first driving slope 4-1-3 and the second driven slope 3-3-3 are pressed against each other, the height of the mounting frame 3-3 is adjusted by the relative sliding between the two slopes, and the height of the mounting frame 3-3 and the upper structure is adjusted, so that the height of the sample matches the position of the loading mechanism.

[0113] In the embodiment 4, the hydraulic machine frame 5 is used to integrate and install the transition plate support base 2, the object table 3 and the lifting device 4, the hydraulic machine frame 5 is designed as an integrated frame 5-3, the integrated frame 5-3 is installed on the experimental table top or bottom surface through the supporting legs 5-2, the loading mechanism is arranged on the four supporting legs 5-2 of the integrated frame 5-3, and the loading mechanism includes the hydraulic loading head 5-1, the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 arranged at the front end of the hydraulic loading head 5-1.

[0114] The hydraulic loading head 5-1 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the upper portion of the supporting leg 5-2, and the hydraulic loading head 5-1, the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 are arranged opposite to each other in pairs.

[0115] The first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 are arranged on the hydraulic loading head 5-1, the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 is used in cooperation with the tangential loading plate 1-2, the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 is used in cooperation with the normal loading plate 1-1, and the sample is loaded; in order to realize the variable curvature of the loading surface during the test, the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 are designed as hollow cubic parts, the loading surface parts of the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5 are made of flexible materials, circular holes are arranged on the side surfaces of the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5, and the circular holes are used in cooperation with the variable curvature loading head pressing mechanism to adjust the curvature of the loading surface of the first variable curvature loading head 5-4 and the second variable curvature loading head 5-5.

[0116] Preferably, the variable-curvature loading head pressurizing mechanism comprises a first communication frame annular ring 5-6 and a second communication frame annular ring 5-7 arranged on the integrated frame 5-3, both of which are hollow annular tubular structures, wherein

[0117] The first communication frame annular ring 5-6 is in communication with the second variable-curvature loading head 5-5 through a second pressurizing pipeline 5-9, and in use, the second variable-curvature loading head 5-5 is pressurized, which ensures that the internal pressure of the two relatively independent second variable-curvature loading heads 5-5 placed normally is the same.

[0118] The second communication frame annular ring 5-7 is in communication with the first variable-curvature loading head 5-4 through a first pressurizing pipeline 5-8, and in use, the first variable-curvature loading head 5-4 is pressurized, which ensures that the internal pressure of the two relatively independent first variable-curvature loading heads 5-4 placed tangentially is the same.

[0119] Preferably, the hydraulic loading head 5-1, the first communication frame annular ring 5-6 and the second communication frame annular ring 5-7 are all connected to an external pressurizing pump for pressurization.

[0120] The use process and principle of the hydraulic press frame 5 described in the embodiment include:

[0121] After the position adjustment of the sample by the sample stage 3 and the lifting device 4 as described in Embodiment 4 is completed, first, according to the size of the sample, the curvature of the loading surface of the corresponding second variable-curvature loading head 5-5 and / or first variable-curvature loading head 5-4 is adjusted by pressurizing the first communication frame annular ring 5-6 and / or second communication frame annular ring 5-7, and when the curvature of the loading surface of the second variable-curvature loading head 5-5 and / or first variable-curvature loading head 5-4 is adjusted to be compatible with the loading surface of the normal loading plate 1-1 and / or tangential loading plate 1-2, the second variable-curvature loading head 5-5 and / or first variable-curvature loading head 5-4 is driven to move by the hydraulic loading head 5-1, so that the normal loading plate 1-1 and / or tangential loading plate 1-2 acts on the sample to exert tangential and / or normal shear force on the sample.

[0122] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application are shown and described above. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface, characterized in that: Includes a hydraulic press frame, a flexible transition plate mounted on the hydraulic press frame, a transition plate support base, a loading platform, and a lifting device. The lifting device is located at the lower end of the hydraulic press frame and is used in conjunction with the loading platform; The platform is located on the upper side of the lifting device, and a sample stage is provided on the platform. The transition plate support base is mounted on the platform and is used in conjunction with the flexible transition plate; The flexible transition plate is mounted on the platform via a transition plate support base and is used in conjunction with a loading mechanism mounted on the hydraulic press frame. The flexible transition plate includes a normal loading plate and a tangential loading plate arranged symmetrically and staggered from each other. Each of the normal loading plate and the tangential loading plate includes a first flexible transition plate, a first rigid filling plate, a micro-element structure plate, a filler, a second rigid filling plate, and a second flexible transition plate. The first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate are symmetrically arranged, and both the first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate are made of flexible material; The first rigid filling plate and the second rigid filling plate are symmetrically arranged between the first flexible transition plate and the second flexible transition plate, and the first rigid filling plate and the second rigid filling plate are provided with a first expansion hole. The filler and the micro-element structure plate are both disposed between the first rigid filler plate and the second rigid filler plate, and a second expansion hole is provided on the micro-element structure plate. The filler is used in conjunction with the first expansion hole and the second expansion hole. The filling component includes a first telescopic component, a first driving component, and a second telescopic component. Both the first telescopic member and the second telescopic member are cylindrical components, and a first adjustment hole is provided at the end of the first telescopic member, and a first drive motor is provided at the bottom of the first adjustment hole. The first driving component is disposed at the driving end of the first driving motor, and a retaining strip is disposed on the outside of the first driving component; The second telescopic member has a second adjustment hole that works in conjunction with the first driving member. The side wall of the second adjustment hole has a locking groove that works in conjunction with the locking strip. The second telescopic member also has an external thread that works in conjunction with the internal thread on the first adjustment hole.

2. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition plate support base includes a base plate, a baffle plate, and a clamping plate. The base plate is set on the platform and includes a first base plate and a second base plate that are perpendicular to each other. A round bead is rotatably embedded at the cylindrical end of the first base plate and the second base plate. The round bead is used in conjunction with a flexible transition plate. The baffle is disposed on the base plate and includes a first baffle and a second baffle that are perpendicular to each other. The first baffle is disposed on the second base plate and the second baffle is disposed on the first base plate. The clamping plate is disposed on the baffle and includes a first constraint clamping plate and a second constraint clamping plate that are perpendicular to each other. The first constraint clamping plate is disposed on the second baffle and is used in conjunction with the tangential loading plate. The second constraint clamping plate is disposed on the first baffle and is used in conjunction with the normal loading plate.

3. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the first and second constraint clamps include guide members, telescopic stops, and springs. The guide member is disposed at the top of the first baffle and the second baffle, and a spring mounting groove and a guide telescopic groove are provided on the guide member, which are interconnected. The guide telescopic groove is disposed through the lower side wall of the guide member. The spring is movably installed in the spring mounting slot and is used in conjunction with the telescopic stop bar; The telescopic stop is an L-shaped structure used in conjunction with a spring, and one stop of the telescopic stop is used in conjunction with a guide telescopic groove, while the other stop is used in conjunction with a normal loading plate and a tangential loading plate.

4. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stage includes a mounting and adjusting component, a first guide plate, and a mounting bracket. The mounting frame is mounted on the lifting device, and the sample stage is mounted on the mounting frame; The first guide plate is mounted on the mounting bracket, and a guide groove is provided on the first guide plate for use with the mounting adjustment component; The mounting adjustment component is movably mounted on the mounting frame via a first guide plate and is used in conjunction with a drive unit mounted on the mounting frame.

5. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting adjustment component has a barbed hook shape, and meshing teeth are provided on the inner side of the long side of the mounting adjustment component to cooperate with the drive unit. The drive unit includes a second drive motor and a first drive gear. The second drive motor is mounted on the mounting bracket; The first drive gear is located at the drive end of the second drive motor and meshes with the meshing teeth located on the adjusting member.

6. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting device is located on the lower side of the mounting frame and includes a second driving component, a second guide plate, and a base. The base is located at the bottom of the hydraulic press frame, and a third drive motor and a second drive gear are provided on the base, with the second drive gear located at the drive end of the third drive motor. The second guide plate is symmetrically arranged on the base, and a guide groove is provided on the inner side of the second guide plate to cooperate with the second driving component; The second driving component is mounted on the base via a second guide plate, and a rack and a second driving gear are provided on the second driving component to mesh with each other; the second driving component is also provided with a driving plate integrally formed with the rack, and a first driving inclined surface is provided on the inner side of the driving plate, which cooperates with a second driven inclined surface provided on the mounting bracket.

7. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic press frame is an integrated frame, and the loading mechanism is set on the support legs of the integrated frame, including a hydraulic loading head, a first variable curvature loading head and a second variable curvature loading head set on the hydraulic loading head; The hydraulic loading head is located inside the outrigger, and the hydraulic loading head, the first variable curvature loading head, and the second variable curvature loading head are all arranged opposite each other in pairs. The first variable curvature loading head is used in conjunction with the tangential loading plate, and the second variable curvature loading head is used in conjunction with the normal loading plate. Both the first and second variable curvature loading heads are hollow cubic parts. The loading surfaces of the first and second variable curvature loading heads are made of flexible material, and the side openings are used in conjunction with the pressure mechanism of the variable curvature loading head.

8. The variable-angle shear experimental apparatus for a controllable loading surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The variable curvature loading head pressurization mechanism includes a first connecting frame ring and a second connecting frame ring, both of which are hollow annular tubular structures. The first connecting frame ring is connected to the second variable curvature loading head through the second pressurized pipe; The second connecting frame ring is connected to the first variable curvature loading head through the first pressurized pipe.

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