Welding deformation real-time monitoring system and welding method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of automobile parts processing, and discloses a welding deformation real-time monitoring system and a welding method, which comprises a monitoring circuit and a fixing unit; the monitoring circuit is provided with a mechanical sensing unit and a signal indicating unit, and the mechanical sensing unit is electrically connected with the signal indicating unit; before welding the workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit is fixed on the measuring part of the workpiece through the fixing unit; when welding the workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit in the power-on state generates a voltage change signal under stress; the signal indicating unit generates an indicating signal according to the voltage change signal, so as to indicate the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the indicating signal. The present application can monitor the stress deformation of the workpiece in real time during welding, and improve the welding precision of the workpiece.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of automobile parts processing, and more particularly to a welding deformation real-time monitoring system and a welding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] When a mule car, a tooling, a sample piece and other automobile workpieces are welded, stress deformation is easily generated. These stress deformations greatly affect the welding precision of the automobile workpieces. Generally, the deformation amount needs to be reduced and the welding precision needs to be improved by adjusting the welding process or post-correction. However, effective monitoring of the deformation during welding is still a difficulty in the industry, which leads to difficulty in ensuring the precision during welding; and the post-correction not only consumes time but also increases investment. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a welding deformation real-time monitoring system to monitor the stress deformation of a workpiece in real time during welding and improve the welding precision of the workpiece.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: a welding deformation real-time monitoring system is provided, which comprises a monitoring circuit and a fixing unit.

[0005] The monitoring circuit is provided with a mechanical sensing unit and a signal indicating unit, and the mechanical sensing unit is electrically connected with the signal indicating unit.

[0006] Before welding a workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit is fixed on the measurement site of the workpiece by the fixing unit.

[0007] When the workpiece is welded, the mechanical sensing unit in the energized state generates a voltage change signal under stress; and the signal indicating unit generates an indicating signal according to the voltage change signal, so as to indicate the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the indicating signal.

[0008] Optionally, the signal indicating unit comprises an operational amplifier, a balance regulator and an indicating device.

[0009] The operational amplifier is provided with a power supply first connecting end, a power supply second connecting end, a first input end, a second input end and an output end.

[0010] The output end is connected with the indicating device.

[0011] The power supply first connecting end and the power supply second connecting end are respectively connected with a power supply to form an energized loop.

[0012] One end of the balance regulator is connected with the power supply first connecting end, and the other end is connected with the first input end.

[0013] One end of the mechanical sensing unit is connected with the second connecting end of the power supply, and the other end is connected with the second input end.

[0014] Optionally, a balance resistor is arranged between the first input end and the second input end.

[0015] Optionally, the first connecting end of the power supply is connected with the first end of the power supply through a first fuse;

[0016] The second connecting end of the power supply is connected with the second end of the power supply through a second fuse.

[0017] Optionally, the voltage change signal includes a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal, so as to indicate the trend direction of the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the first voltage signal and / or the second voltage signal;

[0018] When the first voltage between the balance regulator is greater than the second voltage between the mechanical sensing unit, the output end outputs the first voltage signal;

[0019] When the first voltage between the balance regulator is less than the second voltage between the mechanical sensing unit, the output end outputs the second voltage signal, and the signs of the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal are opposite.

[0020] Optionally, the indicating device includes a first light component and a second light component;

[0021] When the output end outputs the first voltage signal, the first light component emits a first light signal;

[0022] When the output end outputs the second voltage signal, the second light component emits a second light signal.

[0023] Optionally, the first light signal is enhanced with the increase of the absolute value of the first voltage signal, and the second light signal is enhanced with the increase of the absolute value of the second voltage signal, so as to indicate the size of the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the intensity of the first light signal and / or the second light signal.

[0024] Optionally, the balance regulator is an adjustable resistor.

[0025] Optionally, the fixing unit is a flexible fixing unit;

[0026] The flexible fixing unit includes an L-shaped combined support, and the L-shaped combined support includes a plurality of L-shaped supports which are spliced by a first side and a second side, and the first side and the second side are provided with an elongated through hole.

[0027] The mechanical sensing unit is fixed on the flexible fixing unit by a fastener installed in the long-shaped through hole.

[0028] The application also provides a welding method, comprising:

[0029] An indicating signal generated by a workpiece during welding is monitored by using any one of the welding deformation real-time monitoring systems mentioned above;

[0030] A welding measure to be performed on the workpiece is determined according to the indicating signal;

[0031] The workpiece is welded according to the welding measure.

[0032] The application measures the deformation stress of the workpiece during welding by the mechanical sensing unit, and outputs corresponding indicating signals by the signal indicating unit, so that the welder or the automatic welding equipment can timely adjust the welding measure according to the indicating signals, which can effectively reduce the stress deformation of the workpiece and improve the welding precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0034] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the welding deformation real-time monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0035] Figure 2 The circuit schematic diagram of the monitoring circuit provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram of the L-shaped combined support provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 4 The structural schematic diagram of the mechanical sensing unit 01 and the fastener assembled together provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 5 The flowchart of the welding method provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0039] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the welding deformation real-time monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0040] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the welding process deformation correction in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the technical problems to be solved by the present application, technical solutions and beneficial effects clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not intended to limit the present application.

[0042] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0043] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0045] Now the welding deformation real-time monitoring system provided by the present application will be described. As shown in the figure, the welding deformation real-time monitoring system comprises a monitoring circuit and a fixing unit 03; Figure 1

[0046] The monitoring circuit is provided with a mechanical sensing unit 01 and a signal indicating unit 02, and the mechanical sensing unit 01 is electrically connected with the signal indicating unit 02;

[0047] Before welding the workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit 01 is fixed on the measuring part of the workpiece through the fixing unit 03;

[0048] When the workpiece is welded, the mechanical sensing unit 01 in the energized state generates a voltage change signal under stress; the signal indicating unit 02 generates an indicating signal according to the voltage change signal, so as to indicate the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the indicating signal.

[0049] ​It can be understood that the welding deformation real-time monitoring system comprises a monitoring circuit and a fixing unit 03. The monitoring circuit is used for monitoring stress deformation generated when a workpiece is welded, and generating an indication signal. The fixing unit 03 is used for fixing the mechanical sensing unit 01 in the monitoring circuit at a measurement position of the workpiece. Here, the workpiece can refer to a workpiece that is prone to stress deformation when welded, such as an automobile workpiece used to make a horse-drawn vehicle.

[0050] Specifically, the monitoring circuit is provided with the mechanical sensing unit 01 and a signal indication unit 02. The mechanical sensing unit 01 can be a force-sensitive resistor. The force-sensitive resistor is a special element that can convert mechanical force into an electrical signal, and its resistance value changes with the size of the applied force. The signal indication unit 02 can trigger an indication signal based on the resistance change of the mechanical sensing unit 01. The mechanical sensing unit 01 is electrically connected to the signal indication unit 02, so that the voltage change signal when the resistance of the mechanical sensing unit 01 changes can be received by the signal indication unit 02. Here, the mechanical sensing unit 01 is preferably a force-sensitive resistor, which has good pressure resistance. The sensing chip of a general pressure sensor is easily damaged.

[0051] Before welding the workpiece, the fixing unit 03 is used to fix the mechanical sensing unit 01 at a measurement position of the workpiece. The measurement position varies with the welding position of the workpiece. A workpiece can be provided with multiple measurement positions, and one mechanical sensing unit 01 is arranged at each measurement position. In order to ensure that the mechanical sensing unit 01 can accurately obtain the deformation pressure of the measurement position, the mechanical sensing unit 01 needs to be fixed on the workpiece. Here, the mechanical sensing unit 01 can be fixed on the workpiece by means of the fixing unit 03. That is, the mechanical sensing unit 01 is first fixed on the fixing unit 03, and then the fixing unit 03 is fixed on the workpiece. The measurement position can be set according to actual welding requirements. Generally, the measurement position can be arranged in the extension direction of the welding position. For example, when welding a frame, the measurement position can be arranged near the welding corner.

[0052] When the workpiece is welded, the mechanical sensing unit 01 can be energized so that it is in an energized state. If the mechanical sensing unit 01 is not subjected to force, the resistance of the mechanical sensing unit 01 does not change, and at this time the voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01 remains stable. If the mechanical sensing unit 01 is subjected to force, the resistance of the mechanical sensing unit 01 changes, and at this time the voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01 changes, forming a voltage change signal. The signal indication unit 02 can amplify the voltage change signal and then transmit it to an indication device, and the indication device outputs an indication signal. Here, the indication signal can be set according to actual needs, such as a sound signal or a light signal. In some examples, the stress deformation of the workpiece can be indicated according to the strength of the indication signal.

[0053] The embodiment measures the deformation stress of the workpiece during welding through the mechanical induction unit 01, and outputs a corresponding indication signal through the signal indication unit 02, so that the welder or the automatic welding equipment can adjust the welding measures in time according to the indication signal, and the stress deformation of the workpiece can be effectively reduced, and the welding precision is improved.

[0054] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2 The signal indication unit 02 includes an operational amplifier 022, a balance regulator 021 and an indication device.

[0055] The operational amplifier 022 is provided with a power supply first connecting end, a power supply second connecting end, a first input end, a second input end and an output end.

[0056] The output end is connected with the indication device.

[0057] The power supply first connecting end and the power supply second connecting end are respectively connected with the power supply, so as to form a power supply loop.

[0058] One end of the balance regulator 021 is connected with the power supply first connecting end, and the other end is connected with the first input end.

[0059] One end of the mechanical induction unit 01 is connected with the power supply second connecting end, and the other end is connected with the second input end.

[0060] It can be understood that the signal indication unit 02 includes the operational amplifier 022, the balance regulator 021 and the indication device. The operational amplifier 022 is a circuit unit with high amplification. In the monitoring circuit, the operational amplifier 022 can receive the voltage change signal of the mechanical induction unit 01, compare and operate with the voltage signal of the balance regulator 021, amplify and drive, and drive the indication device to issue an indication signal. The operational amplifier 022 is provided with the power supply first connecting end, the power supply second connecting end, the first input end (IN+), the second input end (IN-) and the output end (OUT). The power supply first connecting end can be connected with the positive electrode (U+) of the power supply, and the power supply second connecting end can be connected with the negative electrode (U-) of the power supply (or vice versa). The first input end can be the positive input end (IN+). The second input end can be the negative input end (IN-).

[0061] The balance regulator 021 can adjust the resistance value of itself, and then change the voltage between the balance regulator 021 to adapt to the voltage between the mechanical induction unit 01. The balance regulator 021 can be arranged between the power supply first connecting end (that is, the positive electrode of the power supply) and the first input end. The mechanical induction unit 01 can be arranged between the power supply second connecting end (that is, the negative electrode of the power supply) and the second input end.

[0062] The indicating device can be a light indicating device. The indicating device is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier 022. The indicating device can generate a corresponding indicating signal according to different signals output by the output end.

[0063] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 1, a balancing resistor 024 is arranged between the first input end and the second input end. Figure 2

[0064] Understandably, the balancing resistor 024 can be arranged between the first input end and the second input end to balance the voltage difference between the first input end and the second input end.

[0065] Optionally, the balancing adjuster 021 is an adjustable resistor.

[0066] Understandably, the balancing adjuster 021 can be an adjustable resistor. When welding deformation monitoring is performed, the balancing adjuster 021 can be adjusted so that its resistance reaches a preset resistance value. Here, the preset resistance value can be set according to actual needs, for example, can be the resistance value of the mechanical sensing unit 01 under no force action, or the resistance value of the mechanical sensing unit 01 under allowable stress action.

[0067] In an example, an initial pressure is generated on the mechanical sensing unit 01 by adjusting the fixed unit 03 (i.e., the L-shaped combined support), at this time the signal device outputs an indicating signal (i.e., the light becomes bright), the balancing adjuster 021 is adjusted so that the first input end and the second input end are equal in voltage, at this time the signal device does not output an indicating signal (i.e., the light does not become bright), and thus the initialization of the signal indicating unit 02 is completed.

[0068] Optionally, the first connecting end of the power supply is connected to the first end of the power supply through a first fuse 0251.

[0069] The second connecting end of the power supply is connected to the second end of the power supply through a second fuse 0252.

[0070] Understandably, if the voltage of the power supply is very low, no fuse can be arranged. In an example, the power supply has a voltage of 3V, at this time no fuse can be arranged. If the voltage of the power supply is a mains voltage (which can be converted into a direct current according to actual needs), a fuse can be arranged to protect the monitoring circuit.

[0071] Specifically, the first end of the power supply can be the positive electrode of the power supply, and the second end of the power supply can be the negative electrode of the power supply (or, the first end of the power supply can be the negative electrode of the power supply, and the second end of the power supply can be the positive electrode of the power supply). The first fuse 0251 and the second fuse 0252 can protect the monitoring circuit and prevent the monitoring circuit from being short-circuited.

[0072] ​Optionally, the voltage variation signal comprises a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal, and the trend direction of the stress deformation of the workpiece 04 is indicated according to the first voltage signal and / or the second voltage signal.

[0073] When the first voltage across the balancing regulator 021 is greater than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01, the output end outputs the first voltage signal.

[0074] When the first voltage across the balancing regulator 021 is less than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01, the output end outputs the second voltage signal, and the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal are opposite in sign.

[0075] It can be understood that the voltage variation signal can comprise a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal. When the first voltage across the balancing regulator 021 is greater than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01, the output end outputs the first voltage signal, and the first voltage signal can be a positive voltage. When the first voltage across the balancing regulator 021 is less than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit 01, the output end outputs the second voltage signal, and the second voltage signal can be a negative voltage. The first voltage signal and the second voltage signal are just opposite in sign.

[0076] The trend direction of the stress deformation of the workpiece 04 can be indicated according to the first voltage signal and / or the second voltage signal. Generally, the greater the absolute value of the first voltage signal and / or the second voltage signal, the greater the stress deformation of the workpiece 04.

[0077] Optionally, the indicating device comprises a first light component 0231 and a second light component 0232.

[0078] When the output end outputs the first voltage signal, the first light component 0231 emits a first light signal.

[0079] When the output end outputs the second voltage signal, the second light component 0232 emits a second light signal.

[0080] The indicating device can include two groups of light components, i.e., a first light component 0231 and a second light component 0232. The light-emitting components of the first light component 0231 and the second light component 0232 can be light-emitting diodes. The first light component 0231 and the second light component 0232 are arranged in parallel, and the electrode connection orders of the two are opposite. When the output end of the operational amplifier 022 outputs a first voltage signal (positive voltage), the circuit of the first light component 0231 is connected, the first light component 0231 emits a first light signal, the circuit of the second light component 0232 is not connected, and the second light component 0232 does not emit a second light signal. The first light signal can be red light. When the output end of the operational amplifier 022 outputs a second voltage signal (negative voltage), the circuit of the second light component 0232 is connected, the second light component 0232 emits a second light signal, the circuit of the first light component 0231 is not connected, and the first light component 0231 does not emit a second light signal. The second light signal can be yellow light.

[0081] Optionally, the first light signal is enhanced with the increase of the absolute value of the first voltage signal, and the second light signal is enhanced with the increase of the absolute value of the second voltage signal, so as to indicate the size of the stress deformation of the workpiece 04 according to the intensity of the first light signal and / or the second light signal.

[0082] Optionally, the first light component 0231 can be provided with a plurality of light-emitting diodes in parallel, and each light-emitting diode is connected in series with a voltage stabilizing diode. The breakdown voltages of the voltage stabilizing diodes connected in series with different light-emitting diodes are different. Only when the first voltage signal output by the output end of the operational amplifier 022 is greater than the breakdown voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode, the light-emitting diode connected in series with the voltage stabilizing diode emits light. For example, when the first voltage signal is +1V, only one light-emitting diode is lit; when the first voltage signal is +2V, two light-emitting diodes are lit; and when the first voltage signal is +3V, three light-emitting diodes are lit. That is, the first light signal is enhanced with the increase of the absolute value of the first voltage signal.

[0083] The second light component 0232 can adopt the same arrangement as the first light component 0231, which will not be described here.

[0084] Optionally, the fixing unit 03 is a flexible fixing unit 03.

[0085] The flexible fixing unit 03 includes an L-shaped combined support, which includes a plurality of L-shaped supports 031. The L-shaped support 031 is spliced by a first side and a second side, and the first side and the second side are both provided with an elongated through hole.

[0086] The mechanical sensing unit 01 is fixed on the flexible fixing unit 03 by a fastener installed in the elongated through hole.

[0087] Understandably, the fixing unit 03 can be a flexible fixing unit 03. A flexible fixing unit 03 refers to a fixing structure that can adjust the fixing position of the fixed object (in this application, a mechanical sensing unit 01) according to actual needs.

[0088] Here, the flexible fixing unit 03 can be an L-shaped combined bracket. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the L-shaped combined bracket includes several L-shaped brackets 031. Each L-shaped bracket 031 is formed by splicing a first side and a second side. Both the first and second sides are provided with elongated through holes. Figure 3 In the example, two L-shaped brackets 031 can be spliced ​​together into an L-shaped combined bracket by connecting bolt 032.

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical sensing unit 01 assembled with fasteners. The mechanical sensing unit 01 can be fixed to the flexible fixing unit 03 by fasteners 011 installed in the elongated through hole.

[0090] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a welding method, including:

[0091] S10. Use any of the above-mentioned welding deformation real-time monitoring systems to monitor the indication signals generated by workpiece 04 during welding;

[0092] S20. Determine the welding measures to be performed on workpiece 04 based on the indication signal;

[0093] S30. Weld workpiece 04 according to the welding measures.

[0094] Understandably, such as Figure 6 As shown, a real-time welding deformation monitoring system can be installed on workpiece 04 to obtain the indication signal generated by signal indication unit 02 when welding workpiece 04. In some examples, there can be multiple signal indication units 02, such as signal indication unit 02-1 and signal indication unit 02-2.

[0095] Then, the welding action to be performed on workpiece 04 is determined based on the indication signal. After determining the welding action to be performed, workpiece 04 is welded according to the welding action. The welding action to be performed can be set according to actual needs. Here, the welding action to be performed includes deformation correction measures and non-deformation correction measures. If the indication signal indicates that workpiece 04 is subjected to large deformation stress, deformation correction measures need to be taken to reduce the stress deformation of workpiece 04; if the indication signal indicates that workpiece 04 is not subjected to stress deformation, non-deformation correction measures need to be taken. Non-deformation correction measures can be the previously set welding actions.

[0096] As Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a welding process deformation correction. If unilateral welding produces larger stress deformation, symmetric welding is needed to correct the deformation.

[0097] The embodiment can monitor the stress deformation of the workpiece in real time during welding, generate an indication signal, and the welder or automatic welding equipment can adjust the welding measures in time according to the indication signal, so that the stress deformation of the workpiece can be effectively reduced, and the welding precision is improved.

[0098] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application but should not be used to restrict the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time welding deformation monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes monitoring circuitry and mounting units; The monitoring circuit is equipped with a mechanical sensing unit and a signal indicating unit, and the mechanical sensing unit is electrically connected to the signal indicating unit; Before welding the workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit is fixed to the measuring part of the workpiece by the fixing unit; When welding a workpiece, the mechanical sensing unit, which is in an energized state, generates a voltage change signal under stress. The voltage change signal includes a first voltage signal and a second voltage signal, which indicate the trend direction of the stress deformation of the workpiece based on the first voltage signal and / or the second voltage signal. The signal indicating unit generates an indicating signal based on the voltage change signal, which indicates the stress deformation of the workpiece based on the indicating signal. The signal indicating unit includes an operational amplifier, a balance regulator, and an indicating device; the indicating device includes a first light assembly and a second light assembly. The operational amplifier has a first power supply connection terminal, a second power supply connection terminal, a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal; the output terminal is connected to the indicating device; the first power supply connection terminal and the second power supply connection terminal are respectively connected to a power supply to form a power-on circuit; one end of the balance regulator is connected to the first power supply connection terminal, and the other end is connected to the first input terminal; one end of the mechanical sensing unit is connected to the second power supply connection terminal, and the other end is connected to the second input terminal; a balancing resistor is provided between the first input terminal and the second input terminal; When the first voltage across the balance regulator is greater than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit, the output terminal outputs the first voltage signal to cause the first lighting component to emit a first lighting signal. When the first voltage across the balance regulator is less than the second voltage across the mechanical sensing unit, the output terminal outputs the second voltage signal to make the second lighting component emit a second lighting signal, wherein the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal have opposite signs.

2. The real-time welding deformation monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first connection terminal of the power supply is connected to the first terminal of the power supply through a first fuse. The second connection terminal of the power supply is connected to the second terminal of the power supply via a second fuse.

3. The real-time welding deformation monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first light signal increases with the increase of the absolute value of the first voltage signal, and the second light signal increases with the increase of the absolute value of the second voltage signal, so as to indicate the magnitude of the stress deformation of the workpiece according to the intensity of the first light signal and / or the second light signal.

4. The real-time welding deformation monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The balance regulator is an adjustable resistor.

5. The real-time welding deformation monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing unit is a flexible fixing unit; The flexible fixing unit includes an L-shaped combined bracket, which includes several L-shaped brackets. The L-shaped bracket is formed by splicing a first side and a second side, and both the first side and the second side are provided with elongated through holes. The mechanical sensing unit is fixed to the flexible fixing unit by fasteners installed in the elongated through hole.

6. A welding method, characterized in that, include: The real-time welding deformation monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used to monitor the indicator signals generated by the workpiece during welding; The welding procedure to be performed on the workpiece is determined based on the indicated signal; The workpiece is welded according to the welding procedure described above.

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