Tunnel drainage construction method
By dividing the tunnel into multiple drainage zones and employing temporary water storage structures, siphons, and diversion devices, the problem of tunnel water leakage was solved, achieving efficient drainage and preventing water leakage within the tunnel.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211576020.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-12-09
AI Technical Summary
Water leakage in tunnels causes damage, and the treatment is difficult and costly. The existing drainage system is inadequate, which can easily lead to tunnel damage and equipment corrosion.
The tunnel is divided into multiple drainage zones, each equipped with a temporary water storage structure, a circumferential drainage pipe, and a water-stopping layer. Water accumulation is managed using siphon pipes and waterproof isolation layers, and the tunnel drainage ditches and diversion devices are combined to achieve effective water flow diversion and discharge.
It effectively prevents water leakage in tunnels, reduces the time water stays in tunnels, lowers the risk of tunnel defects, and improves the efficiency and reliability of drainage systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN115853581B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of tunnel drainage construction, and more particularly to a tunnel drainage construction method. Background Technology
[0002] With the progress of modern railway construction, the requirements for tunnel drainage are becoming increasingly stringent. Tunnel drainage construction is to ensure that tunnel structures are not damaged by water leakage, which could endanger traffic safety, corrode equipment inside the tunnel, and reduce the service life of the structure.
[0003] The construction of tunnels disrupts the original water system balance of mountains, turning tunnels into channels for the accumulation of groundwater near the mountains they pass through. When a tunnel connects with aquifers and its drainage is inadequate, tunnel defects are more likely to occur.
[0004] Because water leakage in tunnels is a serious hazard, difficult to rectify, and costly, it is crucial to do a good job of tunnel drainage. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a tunnel drainage construction method, in which each drainage area corresponds to a drainage system. By temporarily storing water through a temporary water storage structure, the water in adjacent drainage areas is prevented from accumulating and causing a drainage burden on adjacent drainage areas, and the continuous seepage in the tunnel can be prevented to a certain extent.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:
[0007] A tunnel drainage construction method includes:
[0008] Zone division: Divide the main tunnel structure into N drainage zones along the direction of traffic;
[0009] Construction of crushed stone filter layer: A channel is opened in the main tunnel structure of each drainage area, the channel is filled with crushed stone filter layer, and the crushed stone filter layer has at least one collection channel;
[0010] Laying a water-stopping layer: A water-stopping layer is installed on the inner wall of the main tunnel structure in each drainage area. Multiple temporary water storage structures are formed between the water-stopping layer and the main tunnel structure in each drainage area, and the flow collection channel is connected to the temporary water storage structures.
[0011] Construction of circumferential drainage pipes: Multiple circumferential drainage pipes are constructed on the surface of the waterstop layer for each drainage area to ensure that each circumferential drainage pipe is connected to at least one temporary water storage structure. Groundwater in the tunnel arch and sidewalls of the corresponding drainage area is collected in the temporary water storage structure through the gravel filter layer and the collection channel. The water in the temporary water storage structure is discharged into the drainage ditch inside the tunnel through the circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer.
[0012] A waterproof isolation layer is laid, and the waterproof board is laid using a non-destructive anchor hanging method;
[0013] Secondary lining is constructed on the surface of the waterproof isolation layer.
[0014] In some embodiments, the construction circumferential drainage pipe further includes:
[0015] Siphon pipes are installed one by one in adjacent drainage areas. The siphon pipes are fixed to the surface of the waterstop layer and connect two adjacent drainage areas.
[0016] There are at least two adjacent drainage areas in the same drainage area, and the same drainage area only supplies water to the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation through a siphon pipe;
[0017] The leaked water in the same drainage area is discharged through the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation.
[0018] In some embodiments, a first siphon, a second siphon, a third siphon, and a fourth siphon are constructed in the same drainage area. The first siphon is connected to a temporary water storage structure in a first adjacent drainage area, the second siphon is connected to a temporary water storage structure in a second adjacent drainage area, the third siphon is connected to a temporary water storage structure in a third adjacent drainage area, and the fourth siphon is connected to a temporary water storage structure in a fourth adjacent drainage area.
[0019] In some embodiments, when the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area increase sequentially, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. As the accumulated water in the same drainage area flows to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the temporary water storage structures in the second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0020] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area is consistent with the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon and at the same time guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the third and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0021] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area reaches the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0022] In some embodiments, after the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area are the same, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon, and simultaneously guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon, and simultaneously guided to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area through the third siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area only stores the seepage water in its respective area.
[0023] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area are both higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, the water accumulated in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area through the third siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0024] Once the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas are consistent, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided through the first siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the second siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the third siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, and simultaneously through the fourth siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area.
[0025] After the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas are all higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is diverted to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area through the fourth siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0026] In some embodiments, the construction of secondary lining further includes:
[0027] Construction tunnel drainage ditch: A tunnel drainage ditch is constructed at the bottom of the inner wall of the main tunnel structure;
[0028] A flow diversion device is installed in the tunnel drainage ditch. The flow diversion device is matched with the front waterproof structure of the secondary lining. The flow diversion device facilitates the diversion of water flow blocked by the front waterproof structure.
[0029] Drainage buckets are installed: At least one drainage bucket is installed for each drainage area. The drainage bucket is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe of the corresponding drainage area. The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe quickly siphons the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the tunnel drainage ditch through the drainage bucket.
[0030] In some embodiments, when setting the drain bucket, first install the siphon body of the drain bucket, then install the siphon cover of the drain bucket at the opening of the siphon body, and then fix the suction tube on the siphon cover. The water outlet end of the suction tube is located in the siphon body, and the water inlet end of the suction tube is connected to the circumferential drain pipe.
[0031] The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe is quickly siphoned from the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the siphon bucket through the suction pipe, and the siphon bucket discharges the water flow into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0032] In some embodiments, the seepage water flowing from the seepage point in the surrounding rock in each drainage area is divided into two parts. The first part of the seepage water seeps along the contact surface between the tunnel main structure and the surrounding rock to the diversion channel. The diversion channel guides the first part of the seepage water to the drainage bucket, and the drainage bucket discharges the first part of the seepage water into the tunnel drainage ditch. The diversion channel is located below the tunnel main structure and extends to the inner wall of the tunnel main structure.
[0033] The second part of the seepage flows to the crushed stone filter layer. The seepage from the crushed stone filter layer flows to the temporary water storage structure through the collection channel. The water in the temporary water storage structure is divided into two streams. One stream is guided to other temporary water storage structures through the siphon pipe to maintain the water level balance of multiple temporary water storage structures. The other stream enters the drainage hopper through the circumferential drainage pipe and the waterproof isolation layer behind the water-stop layer. The drainage hopper discharges the other stream of water into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0034] Other temporary water storage structures divert a stream of water from this temporary water storage structure, which then enters other drainage hoppers through other circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. The other drainage hoppers then discharge the water into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0035] This disclosure has at least the following technical effects or advantages:
[0036] 1. The embodiments of the present invention temporarily store water by using a temporary water storage structure, which to a certain extent avoids the increase in drainage burden in adjacent drainage areas due to the accumulation of water in adjacent drainage areas, effectively solving the drainage problem of tunnel seepage, and thus achieving the technical effect of preventing continuous seepage in tunnels.
[0037] 2. The embodiments of the present invention employ the method of constructing siphon pipes one by one in adjacent drainage areas. When the drainage load of the current drainage area is too heavy and the adjacent drainage area does not drain or drains only a small amount, the seepage water in the current drainage area is guided to the adjacent drainage area using the siphon principle. The seepage water is then discharged using the drainage system of the adjacent drainage area. To a certain extent, the drainage load of the current drainage area is too heavy, and the idle or unused drainage system of the adjacent drainage area is fully utilized to discharge the seepage water, which effectively solves the drainage problem of tunnel seepage water and thus achieves the technical effect of preventing continuous seepage in the tunnel.
[0038] 3. The embodiments of the present invention employ drainage hoppers installed inside the tunnel drainage ditch. The drainage hoppers utilize the siphon principle to extract seepage water from the drainage area, reducing the residence time of seepage water in the main tunnel structure, effectively solving the drainage problem of tunnel leakage, and thus achieving the technical effect of preventing continuous seepage in the tunnel. Attached Figure Description
[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0040] Figure 1 The tunnel drainage construction method flow provided according to some embodiments of this disclosure Figure 1 ;
[0041] Figure 2 The tunnel drainage construction method flow provided according to some embodiments of this disclosure Figure 2 ;
[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of water flow in different siphons and different drainage areas according to some embodiments of this disclosure;
[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the seepage flow path provided according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0044] The present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any equivalent changes or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0045] In the description of the embodiments disclosed herein, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the invention.
[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0047] The terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0048] The embodiments of this disclosure provide a tunnel drainage construction method. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The tunnel drainage construction methods include:
[0049] Zone division: Divide the main tunnel structure into N drainage zones along the direction of traffic;
[0050] Construction of crushed stone filter layer: A channel is opened in the main structure of the tunnel in each drainage area, and the channel is filled with crushed stone filter layer. The crushed stone filter layer has at least one collection channel.
[0051] Water-stopping layer: A water-stopping layer is installed on the inner wall of the main tunnel structure in each drainage area. Multiple temporary water storage structures are formed between the water-stopping layer and the main tunnel structure in each drainage area. The collection channel is connected to the temporary water storage structures.
[0052] Construction of circumferential drainage pipes: Multiple circumferential drainage pipes are constructed on the surface of the waterstop layer corresponding to each drainage area, ensuring that each circumferential drainage pipe connects to at least one temporary water storage structure. Groundwater in the tunnel arch and sidewalls of the corresponding drainage area accumulates in the temporary water storage structure after passing through the gravel filter layer and the collection channel. The water accumulated in the temporary water storage structure is discharged into the drainage ditch inside the tunnel through the circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. (Before installing the circumferential drainage pipes, the concrete surface must be leveled to avoid voids behind the shotcrete, which would reduce the drainage effect. Φ50mm circumferential drainage pipes are installed around the entire arch wall of the main tunnel structure to introduce water into the tunnel's drainage ditch, nailed every 1m.) Suspend anchors and secure them to the blind pipes with wire. Lay φ100mm circumferential drainage pipes along both longitudinal sides of the tunnel bottom, and install transverse PVC φ100mm drainage pipes every 10m-20m to lead to the drainage ditch. Wrap the waterproof membrane around the longitudinal φ100mm permeable hose at the waterproof membrane location. If there is no waterproof membrane, lay an additional layer of crushed stone filter material on the longitudinal permeable hose to prevent clogging during concrete pouring. (Preferred spacing of circumferential drainage pipes in the arch wall: 10m in Class IV and V surrounding rock, 15-20m in Class II and III surrounding rock; adjust according to the actual groundwater conditions during construction, adding 1-2 more pipes in areas with abundant groundwater.)
[0053] A waterproof isolation layer is laid, using a non-destructive anchoring method to install the waterproof membrane. (The waterproof isolation layer is preferably a composite waterproof membrane. The composite waterproof membrane is installed using a work platform that also serves as the hanging platform, employing a non-destructive anchoring method. The process includes: First, cleaning the shotcrete base surface, removing sharp protrusions (such as anchor heads, rock edges, etc.), and leveling any obvious pits with shotcrete to achieve a smooth surface. Simultaneously, large-format composite waterproof membranes are pre-fabricated outside the tunnel. The width of the composite waterproof membrane is determined by the arch backing area, and the length should ideally be 2m longer than the lining cyclic section. The overlap width between joints should not be less than 10cm, and the joints should use double welds.) An automatic hot-melt machine is used for inter-waist overlap, ensuring a smooth, wrinkle-free joint and guaranteeing bonding quality. Next, during installation, the large-format composite waterproof membrane rolls are lifted onto the hanging platform. Then, starting from the arch and working outwards, the hanging strips on the back of the waterproof membrane are nailed to the base surface layer by layer using cement nails. The anchor nails are spaced 50cm longitudinally and 90cm circumferentially, leaving some slack between the anchor nails to ensure a tight fit between the waterproof membrane and the shotcrete base surface, while avoiding damage to the main surface of the waterproof membrane. After the large rolls are fixed, the inter-waist joints are welded securely. Finally, during lining work, care must be taken to prevent contamination of the waterproof membrane joints at the front end of the lining, as this could affect the overlap quality in the next cycle.
[0054] Secondary lining is constructed on the surface of the waterproof isolation layer. In the secondary lining process of this embodiment, a rubber waterstop is also constructed. Specifically, the rubber waterstop is partially or completely embedded in the concrete during the concrete pouring process. Before the concrete is poured, it should be kept flat at the interface and the joint should be firmly bonded. Then, the concrete should be fully poured and vibrated with appropriate force to position the waterstop so that it can be well bonded with the concrete to avoid affecting the water-stopping effect. Precautions for waterstop construction: (1) During the construction process, since there are many sharp stones and sharp steel bars in the concrete, attention should be paid to the impact force of the pouring and positioning of the waterstop to avoid puncturing the rubber waterstop due to excessive force. If cracks are found, they should be repaired in time. Otherwise, the ability of the rubber waterstop to resist external forces will be greatly reduced when the joint is deformed and subjected to water pressure. (2) When positioning the rubber waterstop, it must be kept flat at the interface. The waterstop should not be rolled or twisted. If twisting or unevenness is found, it should be adjusted in time. (3) When casting and fixing the waterstop, the waterstop should be prevented from shifting to avoid shortening on one side and affecting the water-stopping effect. (4) The concrete must be vibrated sufficiently during pouring to prevent poor bonding between the waterstop and the concrete, which would affect the water-stopping effect. The joints of the waterstop must be well bonded. If the site conditions permit, hot vulcanization can be used for connection.
[0055] Grouting is required behind the secondary lining. Specifically, grouting is used behind the lining to waterproof the tunnel lining. The operation and procedure are as follows: (1) Pre-embed grouting holes and set up grout-blocking partitions: While the lining is being cast, grouting holes are pre-embedded in a quincunx pattern according to the design position and spacing; a grout-blocking partition is constructed every two cycles of lining length (about 20m). The grout-blocking partition can be made of masonry or concrete for segmented grouting. (2) Grouting sequence: Grouting is carried out hole by hole from the water-less area to the water-rich area until the outlet. Grouting is carried out in segments according to the setting of the partitions, generally lagging behind the lining working face by two cycles (about 20m). (3) Grouting construction equipment: Grouting is carried out using two STC-60 / s grouting machines, which are followed by the lining trolley using a simple track-mounted platform. (4) If a hole is not fully saturated despite having a large amount of grout, grouting should be suspended for 24 hours and resumed until fully saturated. If there is grout flow, backflow, or leakage, grouting should be suspended, the cause investigated, and the construction process improved or a different grout used. (5) Grouting inspection: Inspection grouting may be performed when necessary, but the original grouting hole should not be used. The inspection grouting pressure should not exceed 1.2 MPa. If a hole is not fully saturated despite having a large amount of grout, grouting should be suspended for 24 hours and resumed until fully saturated. (6) Other precautions: Pre-embedded grouting holes or inspection grouting holes should be avoided from drainage facilities to prevent obstruction of drainage.
[0056] The tunnel drainage structure constructed according to the embodiments of this disclosure includes a tunnel main building. A water-stop layer is fixedly connected inside the tunnel main building. The water-stop layer includes a water-stop frame. A lining layer and a permeable pipe are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the water-stop frame. A crushed stone filter layer matching the water-stop frame is provided on the inner wall of the tunnel main building. Multiple flow collection channels matching the water-stop layer are excavated on the crushed stone filter layer. Multiple permeable channels are excavated on the flow collection channels. A waterproof membrane is laid on the surface of the crushed stone filter layer. The waterproof membrane is a composite waterproof membrane made of polyethylene plastic to prevent water from seeping from the lining layer into the tunnel main building. The lining layer and the permeable pipe are reinforced. Waterproof front-end structures matching the permeable channels are fixed on both sides of the crushed stone filter layer. The waterproof front-end structures of the lining prevent the water flow from the permeable channels and the flow collection channels from flowing further to the outside of the crushed stone filter layer.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel drainage ditch is constructed at the bottom of the inner wall of the tunnel main structure. A flow guiding device is installed in the tunnel drainage ditch, which is matched with the waterproof structure at the front end of the lining. The flow guiding device facilitates the flow of water blocked by the waterproof structure at the front end of the lining. The tunnel drainage ditch is also equipped with multiple drainage buckets. The bottom end of the crushed stone filter layer is connected to the tunnel drainage ditch. The crushed stone filter layer is also fixed with a sealing structure, which is matched with the water-stop frame to improve the sealing performance of the connection between the crushed stone filter layer and the water-stop frame.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage bucket includes a siphon cover, a siphon bucket body is fixedly connected to the lower end of the siphon cover, a suction pipe is fixedly connected to the siphon bucket body, and the water outlet end of the suction pipe is fixedly connected to the guide channel, which can realize the rapid siphoning of water in the main tunnel structure to the tunnel drainage ditch through the drainage bucket.
[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in the embodiments of the present invention, a temporary water storage structure is formed inside the main tunnel building, the tunnel drainage ditch is connected to the temporary water storage structure, and a flow guide channel is connected between the temporary water storage structure and the drainage hopper, which can realize the rapid collection of seepage water from areas other than the temporary water storage structure area.
[0060] It should be noted that the temporary water storage structure in this embodiment of the invention includes a water storage cavity, which is connected to a water guiding channel. The water guiding channel extends to the inner wall of the main tunnel structure and is connected to a collection channel and a permeable channel.
[0061] In most embodiments of this disclosure, the construction circumferential drainage pipe further includes:
[0062] Siphon pipes are installed one by one in adjacent drainage areas. The siphon pipes are fixed on the surface of the waterstop layer and connect two adjacent drainage areas.
[0063] There are at least two adjacent drainage areas in the same drainage area, and the same drainage area only supplies water to the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation through the siphon pipe;
[0064] Leakage water in the same drainage area is discharged through the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation.
[0065] For most embodiments of this disclosure, please refer to Figure 3 The same drainage area is equipped with a first siphon, a second siphon, a third siphon and a fourth siphon. The first siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the first adjacent drainage area, the second siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the second adjacent drainage area, the third siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the third adjacent drainage area, and the fourth siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the fourth adjacent drainage area.
[0066] Preferably, as the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area increase sequentially, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. As the accumulated water in the same drainage area flows to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the temporary water storage structures in the second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0067] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area is consistent with the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon and at the same time guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the third and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0068] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area reaches the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0069] Preferably, after the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area are the same, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon, and simultaneously guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon, and simultaneously guided to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area through the third siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area only stores the seepage water in its respective area.
[0070] After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area are both higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, the water accumulated in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area through the third siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0071] Once the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas are consistent, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided through the first siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the second siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the third siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, and simultaneously through the fourth siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area.
[0072] After the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas are all higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is diverted to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area through the fourth siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
[0073] For most embodiments of this disclosure, please refer to Figure 2 After the secondary lining is completed, the construction also includes:
[0074] Construction tunnel drainage ditch: A tunnel drainage ditch is constructed at the bottom of the inner wall of the main tunnel structure;
[0075] A flow diversion device is installed in the tunnel drainage ditch. The flow diversion device is matched with the front waterproof structure of the secondary lining. The flow diversion device facilitates the diversion of water flow blocked by the front waterproof structure.
[0076] Drainage buckets are installed: At least one drainage bucket is installed for each drainage area. The drainage bucket is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe of the corresponding drainage area. The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe quickly siphons the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the tunnel drainage ditch through the drainage bucket.
[0077] In most embodiments of this disclosure, when setting up the drainage hopper, the siphon body of the drainage hopper is first installed, then the siphon cover of the drainage hopper is installed at the opening of the siphon body, and then the suction pipe is fixed on the siphon cover. The water outlet of the suction pipe is located in the siphon body, and the water inlet of the suction pipe is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe. The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe quickly siphons the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the siphon body through the suction pipe, and the siphon body discharges the water flow into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0078] For most embodiments of this disclosure, please refer to Figure 4 In each drainage area, the seepage water from the seepage point in the surrounding rock is divided into two parts. The first part of the seepage water seeps along the contact surface between the main tunnel structure and the surrounding rock to the diversion channel. The diversion channel guides the first part of the seepage water to the drainage bucket, and the drainage bucket discharges the first part of the seepage water into the tunnel drainage ditch. The diversion channel is located below the main tunnel structure and extends to the inner wall of the main tunnel structure.
[0079] The second part of the seepage flows to the crushed stone filter layer. The seepage from the crushed stone filter layer flows to the temporary water storage structure through the collection channel. The water in the temporary water storage structure is divided into two streams. One stream is guided to other temporary water storage structures through the siphon pipe to maintain the water level balance of multiple temporary water storage structures. The other stream enters the drainage hopper through the circumferential drainage pipe and the waterproof isolation layer behind the water-stop layer. The drainage hopper discharges the other stream of water into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0080] Other temporary water storage structures divert a stream of water from this temporary water storage structure, which then enters other drainage hoppers through other circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. The other drainage hoppers then discharge the water into the tunnel drainage ditch.
[0081] The tunnel drainage construction method of this invention has the advantage of smooth drainage. Besides... Figure 4 In addition to the method shown, the seepage water accumulated at the tunnel arch and sidewalls in the embodiment of the present invention can be discharged into the tunnel drainage ditch through the circumferential permeable blind pipe and the composite waterproof board behind the secondary lining. Moreover, after the cement grout is injected, groundwater cannot accumulate at the arch, thus avoiding leakage of water from the secondary lining.
[0082] In addition, the waterproof isolation layer in this embodiment of the invention is preferably a double-seam overlapping plastic waterproof board with a firm weld; rubber waterstops are installed at construction joints and settlement joints, which overcomes the common quality problem of water leakage at construction joints in the past.
[0083] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible implementations of this disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. All equivalent implementations or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the art of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.
[0084] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that this disclosure can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this disclosure. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0085] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A tunnel drainage construction method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Zone division: Divide the main tunnel structure into N drainage zones along the direction of traffic; Construction of crushed stone filter layer: A channel is opened in the main tunnel structure of each drainage area, the channel is filled with crushed stone filter layer, and the crushed stone filter layer has at least one collection channel; Laying a water-stopping layer: A water-stopping layer is installed on the inner wall of the main tunnel structure in each drainage area. Multiple temporary water storage structures are formed between the water-stopping layer and the main tunnel structure in each drainage area, and the flow collection channel is connected to the temporary water storage structures. Construction of circumferential drainage pipes: Multiple circumferential drainage pipes are constructed on the surface of the waterstop layer for each drainage area to ensure that each circumferential drainage pipe is connected to at least one temporary water storage structure. Groundwater in the tunnel arch and sidewalls of the corresponding drainage area is collected in the temporary water storage structure through the gravel filter layer and the collection channel. The water in the temporary water storage structure is discharged into the drainage ditch inside the tunnel through the circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. A waterproof isolation layer is laid, and the waterproof board is laid using a non-destructive anchor hanging method; Secondary lining is constructed on the surface of the waterproof isolation layer; The construction of the circumferential drainage pipe also includes: constructing siphon pipes one by one in adjacent drainage areas, the siphon pipes being fixed on the surface of the water-stop layer, and the siphon pipes connecting two adjacent drainage areas; at least two adjacent drainage areas in the same drainage area, the same drainage area supplying water only to the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation through the siphon pipes; the same drainage area discharging leaked water through the adjacent drainage area with less water accumulation.
2. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The same drainage area is equipped with a first siphon, a second siphon, a third siphon, and a fourth siphon. The first siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the first adjacent drainage area, the second siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the second adjacent drainage area, the third siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the third adjacent drainage area, and the fourth siphon is connected to the temporary water storage structure of the fourth adjacent drainage area.
3. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, As the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area increases sequentially, the water in the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area increases sequentially, the water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. As the water in the same drainage area flows to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, the temporary water storage structures in the second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas. After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area is consistent with the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area through the second siphon and at the same time guided to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area through the first siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the third and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
4. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Once the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas are consistent, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided through the first siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, through the second siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, and through the third siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area. At this time, the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area only stores the seepage water from its respective area. After the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area and the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area are both higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, the water accumulated in the same drainage area is guided to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area through the third siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and fourth adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas. Once the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, third, and fourth adjacent drainage areas are consistent, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is guided through the first siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the first adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the second siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the second adjacent drainage area, simultaneously through the third siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the third adjacent drainage area, and simultaneously through the fourth siphon to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area. After the water levels of the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas are all higher than the water level of the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area, the accumulated water in the same drainage area is diverted to the temporary water storage structure in the fourth adjacent drainage area through the fourth siphon. At this time, the temporary water storage structures in the first, second, and third adjacent drainage areas only store the seepage water in their respective areas.
5. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction process after secondary lining also includes: Construction tunnel drainage ditch: A tunnel drainage ditch is constructed at the bottom of the inner wall of the main tunnel structure; A flow diversion device is installed in the tunnel drainage ditch. The flow diversion device is matched with the front waterproof structure of the secondary lining. The flow diversion device facilitates the diversion of water flow blocked by the front waterproof structure. Drainage buckets are installed: At least one drainage bucket is installed for each drainage area. The drainage bucket is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe of the corresponding drainage area. The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe quickly siphons the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the tunnel drainage ditch through the drainage bucket.
6. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When setting up the drainage hopper, first install the siphon body of the drainage hopper, then install the siphon cover of the drainage hopper at the opening of the siphon body, and then fix the suction pipe on the siphon cover. The water outlet end of the suction pipe is located in the siphon body, and the water inlet end of the suction pipe is connected to the circumferential drainage pipe. The water flow in the circumferential drainage pipe is quickly siphoned from the seepage water in the main tunnel structure to the siphon bucket through the suction pipe, and the siphon bucket discharges the water flow into the tunnel drainage ditch.
7. The tunnel drainage construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seepage water from the seepage point in the surrounding rock in each drainage area is divided into two parts. The first part of the seepage water seeps along the contact surface between the main tunnel structure and the surrounding rock to the diversion channel. The diversion channel guides the first part of the seepage water to the drainage bucket, and the drainage bucket discharges the first part of the seepage water into the tunnel drainage ditch. The diversion channel is located below the main tunnel structure, and the water diversion channel extends to the inner wall of the main tunnel structure; The second part of the seepage flows to the crushed stone filter layer. The seepage from the crushed stone filter layer flows to the temporary water storage structure through the collection channel. The water in the temporary water storage structure is divided into two streams. One stream is guided to other temporary water storage structures through the siphon to maintain the water level balance of multiple temporary water storage structures. The other stream enters the drainage hopper through the circumferential drainage pipe and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. The drainage hopper discharges the other stream of water into the tunnel drainage ditch. Other temporary water storage structures divert a stream of water from this temporary water storage structure, which then enters other drainage hoppers through other circumferential drainage pipes and the waterproof isolation layer behind the waterstop layer. The other drainage hoppers then discharge the water into the tunnel drainage ditch.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
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