A lighting system and method for a vertical plant factory

Abstract

The application relates to a lighting system and method of a vertical plant factory, the system comprising: a cultivation unit for arranging plants and forming a vertical cultivation space, the cultivation unit being provided with a plurality of planting surfaces facing different directions; a lighting unit for providing light for the plants, the lighting unit being arranged in parallel with the cultivation unit, and the plurality of cultivation units being arranged around the lighting unit; the lighting unit being arranged in a height direction by a plurality of light-emitting components capable of independently controlling light intensity and spectral structure, and at least one end of the lighting unit in the height direction being provided with a light-reflecting component for reflecting light. In the application, the cultivation unit and the lighting unit arranged separately can make full use of the circumferential light to save energy, the light-reflecting component can also reflect part of the light irradiated on the ground or the top surface and control the collection degree of the reflected light in different directions of the cultivation unit based on the structural design of the light-reflecting component, so as to facilitate intelligent adjustment and fine management of the vertical plant factory lighting system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a plant factory cultivation lighting device, and specifically to a lighting system and method for a vertical plant factory. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a high-level development stage of agricultural engineering, the plant factory is considered as one of the important technical means for the revolutionary breakthrough of agriculture in the twenty-first century. The plant factory is a high-efficiency agricultural system that realizes the year-round continuous production of crops by intelligently controlling the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide concentration, and nutrition of the plant growth process in the facility. Currently, there are two main modes of plant factories: one is a solar light and artificial light combined plant factory mainly based on a greenhouse; the other is an artificial light completely controlled plant factory mainly based on a closed heat-insulated space. Compared with the combined plant factory, the artificial light completely controlled plant factory has less influence from the outside climate, can realize year-round continuous production, and can be cultivated in multiple layers, with high space utilization rate and yield level, and obvious advantages. However, the high power consumption of air conditioning and lighting and the high operating cost have become important constraints for its development.

[0003] The light distribution of the existing vertical plant factory is generally a top light system, with the light source placed 30-40 cm above the cultivation container, and the light vertically irradiating the plants below. The vertical irradiation of the top light is convenient for daily operation and management, but as the plant height and canopy increase, a large amount of light is intercepted by the high plants, and only a small amount of light can be absorbed and utilized by the lower leaves of the plants, which leads to poor growth and development of some plant species. The use of a side light system can greatly improve the light energy utilization efficiency, and the light energy utilization efficiency of the side light system is 3-5 times that of the vertical light system. The plants in the side light system have shorter internodes than those in the top light system, the plants do not grow excessively, and the plants have more leaves and better growth. However, the current side light system is not mature for production, is not convenient for the current automatic production management of the plant factory, and has high cost.

[0004] To further improve the utilization efficiency of the internal space of the plant factory, the existing technology improves the traditional flat layered cultivation surface to obtain a vertical cultivation rack or vertical cultivation surface that can be alternately adjusted in the height direction, so that the corresponding light structure and lighting method of the light system can be set based on the structural characteristics or adjustment characteristics of the vertical cultivation system.

[0005] For example, regarding the structural improvement and control adjustment method of vertical cultivation system: the patent with publication number CN113467551B discloses a circulating three-dimensional cultivation system and method. The system obtains the current environmental information of the circulating three-dimensional cultivation frame; compares the parameters of the current environmental information with the parameters of the preset environmental information to obtain the environmental information comparison result. When the environmental information comparison result is that the current environmental information does not meet the preset environmental condition, the current environment is adjusted; the working mode of the environmental adjustment module is obtained in real time; the running parameter information of the circulating three-dimensional cultivation frame is determined according to the working mode; and the circulating three-dimensional cultivation frame is controlled to perform cultivation operation according to the running parameter information. The patent with publication number CN107787707B discloses a pushing device and an automatic conveying three-dimensional cultivation system device. The system device includes a three-dimensional cultivation frame and a set of automatic conveying mechanisms, and is provided with a drainage system. A pair of cultivation bed guide rails and a conveying mechanism composed of a chain and a motor are arranged from the head to the tail on each cultivation bed. At least one pushing device is provided at the tail end of each cultivation bed, and the pushing guide rail of the pushing device is arranged parallel to the cultivation bed guide rail and below the cultivation bed guide rail. Self-adaptive light panels are fixedly installed at the bottom of each cultivation bed to provide light for the cultivation plants on the lower cultivation bed. The technical solution of this patent mainly sets the vertical cultivation frame as a nearly independent multi-layer cultivation lighting structure, and the cultivation bed of each layer can only move and adjust in the horizontal direction, which limits the shape and height of the plants.

[0006] The patent with publication number CN110122117A discloses a vertical cultivation frame, which includes a mounting plate, a plurality of rows of cultivation pots with upward inclined openings are arranged on the mounting plate, a planting frame is arranged on the upper opening of the cultivation pot, an LED plant growth lamp is arranged on the planting frame, a water supply pipe and a nutrient solution pipe are arranged above each row of cultivation pots, and mounting frames are hingedly arranged on both sides of the mounting plate. The patent with publication number CN108935048B discloses a strawberry soilless cultivation method and cultivation frame. The technical solution of this patent utilizes a tilting part with adjustable tilting angle to adjust the tilting angle adaptively during the growth stage of the plants to facilitate directional growth of the plants and fruit picking. This type of inclined cultivation surface setting method can be applied to the cultivation process of crops with special requirements for picking and directional growth.

[0007] As for the lighting structure and the lighting method for the plant factory: the patent with publication number CN103563685B discloses a plant factory self-adaptive light supplement system and method. The technical solution of the patent adjusts the illumination intensity of the light source based on the change of the distance between the light source and the target illumination area to adapt to the light intensity requirement of crops at different positions. The patent with publication number CN110996427B discloses a lighting adjustment method and device for a plant factory. The method is used in a lighting system and includes the following steps: determining a peak-valley electricity price period; determining the brightness range of the lighting device corresponding to the category of the target plant in the plant factory and the required light intensity of the target plant according to the category; determining the first resource consumption interval of the lighting device in a preset period and the time length corresponding to the first resource according to the peak-valley electricity price period, the required light intensity, and the brightness range; and determining the brightness value of the lighting device at each time point in the preset period according to the first resource consumption interval and the time length, so that the lighting device provides the target plant with light intensity corresponding to the brightness value. The above-mentioned light arrangement schemes adjust the spatial distribution characteristics and the temporal distribution characteristics of light respectively to meet the light requirement of plants in the growth cycle.

[0008] Based on the above analysis, in the technical solutions of the existing technology for the cultivation lighting of the vertical plant factory, the integrated arrangement of the planting structure and the lighting structure causes the cross arrangement of the lighting circuit and the liquid circuit, which leads to safety hazards and negatively affects the functional stability of the system. Especially in the case where the vertical cultivation structure is provided with multiple layers of cultivation planes or areas, the arrangement of the light structure at each layer also leads to the increase of the power consumption, which is not conducive to improving the economy of the vertical cultivation structure. Moreover, the adjustment of the existing vertical cultivation structure is less combined with the spatial arrangement and / or temporal arrangement of the lighting structure, which cannot fully ensure the uniformity of the light received by the plants on each cultivation plane.

[0009] In addition, the existing technology has low light recycling rate for light irradiated on the surface of non-plants, causing waste of light energy. Light energy recycling is also less coordinated with the vertically arranged planting structure to improve the uniformity of light received by plants at different heights or different radial positions. Moreover, due to the difference between the electricity price cycle and the plant growth cycle, the time and space arrangement of the light scheme in the existing technology also less involves the balance between the plant growth amount and the power consumption in the stage or the whole cycle to obtain better economic benefits.

[0010] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in the understanding of those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventors have studied a large number of literatures and patents when making the present invention, but due to the limited space, all the details and contents are not listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have these characteristics of the prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art in the background art. SUMMARY

[0011] In view of at least one of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a vertical plant factory lighting system, comprising: a cultivation unit for arranging plants, the cultivation unit providing vertical cultivation space for the plants based on planting racks arranged along a height direction; and a lighting unit for providing light for the plants, the lighting unit being arranged in parallel with the cultivation unit in a manner capable of covering at least a height range of the cultivation unit. In the case where the cultivation unit is configured with planting surfaces facing different directions, the cultivation units are arranged in a manner surrounding the lighting unit, so that the lighting unit can cover at least the planting surface of the cultivation unit facing the lighting unit based on light irradiation. In the case where the lighting unit is composed of a plurality of light-emitting components stacked along the height direction, the light-emitting components irradiate the cultivation unit in a manner capable of independently controlling light intensity and spectral structure, and the lighting unit is configured with a light-reflecting component at at least one end in the height direction for reflecting light, so that the light-reflecting component can reflect at least part of the light irradiating the non-plant surface to the cultivation unit in a manner capable of adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface relative to the central axis of the lighting unit.

[0012] In the prior art, the planting structure is mostly configured as a multi-layer structure and arranged in space to form a plurality of approximately independent spaces that can accept light. The overlapping arrangement of the light structure and the planting structure significantly increases the erection cost and arrangement difficulty of the vertical cultivation system, and the cross arrangement of liquid, pipeline and current also causes safety hazards, reduces the stability and safety of the system, especially for long-period processes such as plant cultivation. Stable and controllable planting structure and light structure, as well as easy adjustment and control, are of great significance to modern plant factories to improve productivity and automation rate and reduce operating costs. Therefore, in the present application, the lighting unit is arranged in parallel with the cultivation unit in the case where the planting surface of the cultivation unit is arranged in layers along the height direction, so that the lighting unit arranged along the height direction can generate horizontal light and inclined light for different layers of the cultivation unit. Based on the characteristics of the light ring-shaped divergence pair, a plurality of cultivation units can be arranged around the lighting unit, the cultivation units are divided into a plurality of directions, so that the planting surface of the cultivation units and the corresponding lighting units form planting modules, and the planting surfaces of the other directions of the cultivation units also form planting modules with other lighting units, so that the cultivation units and the lighting units surround each other to form approximately independent cultivation spaces capable of independently controlling the light receiving state of crops.

[0013] The separation of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit simplifies the overall structure, the independent arrangement of the circuit structure and the pipeline structure significantly improves the functional stability and safety of the system, facilitates the convenience of arranging the lighting unit and the cultivation unit in the plant factory, and facilitates the structural adjustment and reasonable collocation of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit according to the cultivation needs. The arrangement mode of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit arranged in parallel in the height direction can also significantly reduce the arrangement number of the lighting unit, reduce the equipment investment, and the lighting unit arranged along the height can also produce flat light and inclined light on each layer of the planting surface of the cultivation unit, so that the light receiving state of each layer of the planting surface is approximately equal, and the lighting unit can also be arranged at different height positions to form a function distribution varying along the height, for example, light intensity, spectrum structure and light time, which facilitates fine control of the light receiving state of crops.

[0014] In view of the problems that the light utilization rate of the light irradiated on the non-plant surface is low in the prior art, and the vertical arrangement of the planting structure is also less matched to improve the uniformity of the light received by the plants at different heights or different radial positions, the application is arranged with a reflection assembly at the upper and lower ends of the lighting unit, which is used to reflect the light irradiated on the ground and the top surface by the lighting unit, so that part of the light can be reflected to the plant surface of the cultivation unit under the action of the reflection assembly. Due to the arrangement mode of the relative position of the planting surface of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit, the light intensity received by the planting surface presents a distribution rule of high in the middle, low on the left and right sides and on the upper and lower sides, that is, the light intensity exists in the circumferential and height directions of the planting surface. Therefore, the curvature of the reflection surface of the reflection assembly can be set so that the light reflected by the reflection surface presents a distribution rule of decreasing light intensity from both sides to the center in the circumferential and height directions of the planting surface, thereby compensating for the light non-uniformity caused by the direct light and inclined light of the lighting unit on the planting surface. In addition, the reflection surface of the reflection assembly is adjustable relative to the central axis of the lighting unit, so that the coverage range of the reflection surface can be adjusted to control the coverage range of the reflected light to improve the utilization efficiency of light energy based on the reflection of the light irradiated on the non-plant surface, thereby improving the economy of the vertical plant factory.

[0015] Preferably, the light reflection assembly is arranged with a reflecting surface in a manner surrounding a central axis of the lighting unit, and in a case where the lighting unit emits light rays in a circumferential manner around the exit, the reflecting surface is configured as a curved surface that expands in a radial manner, wherein the curvature of the reflecting surface increases first and then decreases with the increase of the radial dimension. In a case where the reflecting surface of the light reflection assembly is configured as a plurality of reflecting surfaces surrounding the central axis, the curvature of the reflecting surface increases first and then decreases with the increase of the radial dimension, wherein the number of the reflecting surfaces is consistent with the number of the planting surfaces of the cultivation unit. The light reflection assembly is configured with an angle adjuster for controlling the inclination degree of the reflecting surface, and the angle adjuster controls the inclination angle of the reflecting surface relative to the central axis by changing the distance between the connecting position of the reflecting surface and the angle adjuster and the central axis of the lighting unit, so that the reflecting surface can change the coverage range of the reflected light rays based on the angle adjustment to adapt to the height adjustment of the planting surface of the cultivation unit.

[0016] The light reflection assembly arranged at the end of the lighting unit can reflect part of the light rays irradiated on the ground or the top surface to improve the utilization efficiency of the light rays. In order to improve the non-uniformity of the irradiation intensity of the lighting unit arranged in the height direction for different height positions of the cultivation unit, the reflecting surface of the light reflection assembly can be designed with curvature to control the convergence degree of the reflected light rays at different height positions of the cultivation unit. For example, when the curvature of the reflecting surface increases first and then decreases with the increase of the radial dimension, the angle deflection effect of the reflecting surface at the two ends in the radial direction is enhanced, so that the light rays irradiated on the reflecting surface by the lighting unit can be inclined to the two ends of the cultivation unit under the action of the reflecting surface, i.e. the light rays reflected by the reflecting surface are arranged in a manner that the light intensity on the cultivation unit decreases first and then increases from the far end to the near end, the far end refers to the end of the cultivation unit away from the adjusting assembly, and the near end refers to the end of the cultivation unit close to the adjusting assembly, so that the reflected light of the reflecting surface can make up for the insufficient light irradiation on the two ends of the cultivation unit by the lighting unit and improve the uniformity of the light received by the plants located at different axial height positions. In combination with the height adjustment of the planting surface of the cultivation unit, the light reflection assembly is also provided with an angle adjuster for controlling the inclination angle of the reflecting surface relative to the central axis of the lighting unit, when the inclination degree of the reflecting surface is lowered, the coverage height of the reflected light rays of the reflecting surface will increase, and vice versa, which in turn adapts to the height adjustment of the configured surface.

[0017] Preferably, the light-emitting component includes a first light source for emitting growth light and / or a second light source for emitting signal light. A single light-emitting component may consist of one or both of the first and second light sources, allowing the light-emitting component to control the spectral structure of the light received by the plant by changing the ratio or luminous intensity of the first and second light sources. The spaced arrangement of the first and second light sources can effectively control the distribution of the spectral structure along the height direction. The first and second light sources can be set to corresponding sizes based on cost control and functional needs. These sizes are significantly smaller than the arrangement height of the planting surface, so that several light-emitting components can serve as lighting units occupying a certain height range. This allows the light-emitting components to serve as backups for each other, and the first and second light sources in the light-emitting components can also serve as backups for each other, significantly improving the ability of the light-emitting structure to resist failures and maintain a certain luminous intensity. Several light-emitting components can also emit light at intervals or be set with different luminous intensities to mitigate the effects of temperature under long-term illumination.

[0018] Preferably, when the lighting unit forms a cylindrical light source based on several light-emitting components arranged along the height direction, the cultivation unit is equipped with an adjustment surface for reflecting light from the lighting unit onto non-plant surfaces, wherein the adjustment surface at least covers the lower surface of the planting surface. The adjustment surface includes a first adjustment surface covering the lower surface of the planting surface and a second adjustment surface covering the outer surface of the central column. When the curvature of the first adjustment surface increases as the radial dimension decreases and the curvature of the second adjustment surface increases as the height decreases, the axial component of the light reflected by the adjustment surface is greater than the radial component. This allows the light illuminating the adjustment surface to converge onto the lower planting surface based on the reflection effect of the adjustment surface. The light reflected by the reflective surface acts on the adjustment surface, and the adjustment surface, based on its own structure and curvature, can reflect and converge the reflected light a second time to illuminate the plant surface. That is, the light from the lighting unit illuminating the top or ground surface can illuminate the plant through more than two reflections by the reflective and adjustment surfaces, significantly improving light utilization efficiency and solving energy consumption issues, thus enhancing the economic efficiency of the lighting system of this application. Since the distance from the radial position of the planting surface to the lighting unit is different, there is also uneven light intensity along the radial direction of the planting surface. Therefore, the curvature of the adjustment surface can be set so that the intensity of light reflected by the adjustment surface decreases as the radial dimension increases, thereby compensating for the uneven light intensity of the planting surface in the radial direction and improving the uniformity of light intensity received at different radial positions of the planting surface.

[0019] Preferably, the system is provided with a first track and a second track on the ground surface and the top surface respectively, and the cultivation unit and the lighting unit are controlled to be positioned on the ground surface and the top surface in a manner that the cultivation unit and the lighting unit are connected to the first track and the second track based on the walking assembly, so that the cultivation unit and the lighting unit can form a plurality of planting modules capable of independently adjusting the light conditions in a mutual surrounding arrangement, wherein the planting module is composed of the lighting unit and a plurality of planting surfaces facing the lighting unit. The first track and the second track arranged on the ground surface and the top surface can respectively adjust the positions of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit, so that the lighting unit and the cultivation unit surround each other to form a plurality of planting modules capable of independently adjusting the light conditions, which is also convenient for the adaptive management of the cultivation unit and the lighting unit in the plant factory, and can meet the needs of intelligent management and fine operation of the plant factory in combination with the sensing controller.

[0020] The application also provides a lighting method for a vertical plant factory, which is based on the above lighting system and comprises one or more of the following steps:

[0021] A control unit is arranged, and the control unit is provided with a controller connected to the cultivation unit and the lighting unit, and the controller is connected to a server for information input and output.

[0022] The controller controls the light intensity distribution and the spectral structure distribution of the lighting unit in the height direction based on the crop state information fed back by the cultivation unit, the light intensity distribution refers to the function distribution of the light intensity changing with the height, and the spectral structure distribution refers to the function distribution of the spectral structure changing with the height.

[0023] The controller controls the interval activation of the light emitting assembly of the lighting unit based on the light emitting assembly temperature information fed back by the lighting unit, that is, the light intensity of the light emitting assembly is distributed as a function of the height position and time.

[0024] The controller controls the inclination of the reflecting surface of the reflecting assembly relative to the central axis of the lighting unit based on the height information of the planting surface fed back by the cultivation unit.

[0025] The controller controls the light emitting period of the lighting unit to be inversely arranged with the electricity price period based on the electricity price period obtained by the server, that is, when the electricity price period is in the peak period, the flat period and the valley period respectively, the light emitting period is in the valley period, the flat period and the peak period respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a layout schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the application;

[0028] Figure 3Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation unit structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a cultivation unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a functional connection of a control unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0031] List of reference signs

[0032] 1: cultivation unit; 2: planting rack; 3: center column; 4: walking assembly; 5: first track; 6: second track; 7: cultivation ring; 8: planting surface; 9: planting site; 10: first circumferential edge; 11: second circumferential edge; 12: radial edge; 13: axial adjuster; 14: adjusting surface; 15: first adjusting curved surface; 16: second adjusting curved surface; 17: lighting unit; 18: light emitting assembly; 19: light reflecting assembly; 20: control unit; 21: environmental adjuster; 22: nutrient dispenser; 23: controller; 24: display; 25: server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The present application proposes a lighting system and method for a vertical plant factory, which separates the lighting structure and the planting structure on the basis of fully utilizing the upper space of the plant factory, forms a uniform lighting planting system based on the spatial arrangement relationship between the planting structure and the lighting structure, and adjusts at least one of the planting structure and the lighting structure to obtain the lighting conditions required for short or long period of plant growth. The lighting structure and the planting structure are respectively connected to the top track or the ground track to realize the position adjustment and modular arrangement of the lighting structure and the planting structure, and combined with the sensing control module, so that the scheme of the present application can better meet the needs of intelligent control and fine operation of the plant factory.

[0035] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the crop light-receiving state-adjustable vertical cultivation system proposed in the present application is configured with a plurality of cultivation units 1 and a plurality of lighting units 17. The cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 are respectively controlled to move and adjust positions based on the tracks arranged on the ground or the top surface, so that the cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 can be set according to planting needs and form a plurality of topological structures that mutually surround each other. The cultivation units 1 are used to form vertical multi-layer planting structures, and the lighting units are used to provide short-period or long-period light conditions for the vertical multi-layer planting structures of the cultivation units 1. The short-period light conditions refer to the light condition change process required by specific plants in approximately one day and night, and the long-period light conditions refer to the light condition change process required by specific plants in the entire growth stage, wherein the change factors include light intensity, spectral structure, light angle, etc.

[0036] Specifically, the cultivation unit 1 includes a vertical structure planting rack 2, which is configured with a center column 3 arranged in the height direction, so that the height direction is the axial direction of the center column 3. The bottom of the center column 3 is connected with a walking assembly 4, which can be controlled to move along the first track 5 arranged on the ground based on external force or self-power. The lighting unit 17 is a columnar light source formed by a plurality of light emitting assemblies 18 stacked along the height direction. The lighting unit 17 is arranged on the side close to the top surface and is connected with the walking assembly 4 and the second track 6 arranged on the top surface, so that the lighting unit 17 can be controlled to move along the second track 6 based on external force or self-power. The first track 5 and the second track 6 can be parallel tracks composed of a plurality of non-crossing one-dimensional tracks, or a track network composed of a plurality of one-dimensional tracks arranged in mutual crossing manner, so that a plurality of cultivation units 1 and a plurality of lighting units 17 in the internal space of the plant factory can be planted in a modular distributed manner, for example, as shown in Figure 2 As shown, when the cultivation unit 1 is configured with four facing planting surfaces 8, four groups of cultivation units 1 form a modular distributed subunit around one group of lighting units 17, so that each facing planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1 can correspond to one group of lighting units 17. The walking assembly 4 controls and adjusts the positions of the cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 based on the first track 5 and the second track 6, so that a plurality of cultivation units 1 and a plurality of lighting units 17 can be modularly arranged according to planting needs and the planting surface 8 settings of the cultivation units 1. The planting surface 8 settings of the cultivation units 1 refer to the number of facing directions of the planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1. For example, when the number of facing directions of the planting surface 8 is four, the modular arrangement structure of the cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 is as shown in Figure 2As shown, the number of planting faces 8 of the cultivation units 1 facing towards matches the number of the cultivation units 1 surrounding the lighting units 17, when the number of the planting faces 8 of the cultivation units 1 facing towards is two, i.e. the cultivation units 1 form a two-side arrangement, then the cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 form a single column or single row arrangement respectively, so that the cultivation units 1 and the lighting units 17 form a spaced arrangement.

[0037] Preferably, to make full use of the vertical space of the plant factory, the planting faces 8 for arranging crops are arranged around the central column 3 in a manner of connecting different axial heights and / or different circumferential ranges of the central column 3, so that the planting faces 8 can be divided into a plurality of cultivation rings 7 that can be used to arrange plants of different growth heights or different light requirements, and the number of the cultivation rings 7 is the number of the planting faces 8 facing towards. For example, the planting faces 8 are arranged with a first crop layer, a second crop layer and a third crop layer at different axial heights of the central column 3, and the planting faces 8 of the first crop layer are configured as a plurality of spaced annular structures in a manner of covering different circumferential ranges of the central column 3, and the different circumferential ranges can be different in covering angles, so that the plurality of planting faces 8 spaced in the circumferential direction can cover different angular ranges in the circumferential direction to form annular structures with curved or straight sides. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of cultivation rings 7 are arranged at different height positions of the central column 3 to form a multi-layer structure, and the cultivation rings 7 of the same layer form circumferentially continuous or discontinuous planting faces 8 in a manner of connecting different directions of the central column 3 respectively, so that the planting faces 8 facing towards different directions can make full use of the circumferential light of the lighting units 17 based on the layered structure. For plants with special light requirements or growth height requirements, the planting faces 8 facing towards the same direction can also be arranged staggered on the multi-layer structure, so that the planting faces 8 of adjacent layers can form a staggered arrangement in the axial direction based on the circumferentially discontinuous arrangement.

[0038] For example, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the single-direction planting surface 8 on each layer can be divided into a plurality of planting sites 9, so that the plurality of planting sites 9 arranged discontinuously are spaced apart and staggered on adjacent layers. Compared with the case that the single-direction planting surface 8 is arranged continuously to form a multi-layer parallel planting structure, the staggered planting structure can increase the height between layers to adapt to plants of different growth heights. The increase in the height between layers can also improve the light conditions of the plants arranged close to the central column 3, increase the light uniformity of the planting surface 8 in the radial direction, and additionally, based on the increase in the height between layers, the planting surface 8 on the lower layer can be adaptively increased in the radial dimension to expand the planting area. Compared with the multi-layer parallel planting structure, the staggered planting structure can double the height between layers. The height between layers and the number of staggered planting sites 9 can be adjusted according to the type of plants. For example, for plants with large morphology and suitable for single-plant cultivation or small-quantity cultivation, the planting sites 9 of the planting surface 8 can be divided into a large number of discontinuous planting sites 9, so that the staggered planting sites 9 can provide sufficient space positions and light conditions for plant growth.

[0039] To ensure the utilization rate of the multi-layer planting surface 8 for vertical space, the radial dimension of the planting surface 8 relative to the central column 3 can gradually increase from high to low. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first circumferential edge 10 of the planting surface 8 arranged away from the central column 3 and the second circumferential edge 11 arranged close to the central column 3 are connected by the radial edge 12, so that the planting surface 8 formed by the first circumferential edge 10, the second circumferential edge 11 and the radial edge 12 can form an extension surface extending radially along the central column 3. Different-direction planting surfaces 8 can be arranged at intervals, so that different-direction planting surfaces 8 can serve as independent planting sites 9 and be suitable for plants of different categories or different stages. Different-direction planting surfaces 8 can also be arranged continuously to form a cultivation ring 7 arranged around the central column 3 and be suitable for plants of the same category.

[0040] Since the lighting unit 17 forms a columnar light source based on a plurality of light-emitting assemblies 18 arranged in the height direction, the planting surface 8 arranged on the upper layer will block the planting surface 8 arranged on the lower layer. Especially, the plants arranged close to the central column 3 are likely to have insufficient light because the range of light received by the plants is limited by the upper planting surface 8. Therefore, in combination with the shape of the lighting unit 17, the lower surface of the planting surface 8 and the surface of the central column 3 close to the lower surface of the planting surface 8 are configured as an adjustment surface 14 in a curved shape, so that the adjustment surface 14 can reflect the light irradiated to the lower surface of the planting surface 8 and the surface of the central column 3 to the surface of the plants to improve the light conditions of the planting surface 8.

[0041] Preferably, in order to improve the flexibility and applicability of the planting surface 8 arranged on the planting frame 2, especially for the case that the plant morphology and height change significantly during the growth of the plant, the planting surface 8 can flexibly adjust the height between the layers of the cultivation ring 7 and the spacing between the planting sites 9, so that the spatial size of the planting surface 8 and the illumination angle of the adjusting surface 14 can meet the needs of the plant at different growth stages. Specifically, the central column 3 is provided with an axial adjuster 13 connected to the planting surface 8, so that the planting surface 8 can be adjusted in the height direction under the action of the axial adjuster 13, so that the height between the layers of the cultivation ring 7 or the planting surface 8 can be adjusted as needed. The axial adjuster 13 can be electrically controlled or hydraulically controlled, and can also share power with the walking assembly 4 to realize the axial adjustment of the planting surface 8.

[0042] Preferably, in order to better realize the control of the illumination conditions, the lighting unit 17 is provided with a plurality of light emitting assemblies 18 in the height direction, and the light sources can gradually and independently control the illumination intensity and / or spectral structure, so that the lighting unit 17 can control and adjust the illumination light and signal light according to the illumination needs of the cultivation unit 1. The light emitting assembly 18 can be configured as a first light source mainly used for emitting growth light and a second light source used for emitting signal light, and the single light emitting assembly 18 arranged in the axial direction can be composed of the first light source or composed of the combination of the first light source and the second light source. The second light source can be arranged in a spaced manner relative to the first light source to realize the regulation of the plant growth signal, and the second light source can be composed of a plurality of signal light corresponding light emitting elements, so that the second light source can realize the adjustment of the plant signal light based on the control of the brightness of the different light emitting elements. For example, the signal light corresponding to the light emitting element includes far red light, red light, blue light and blue-violet light, wherein the wavelengths of the red light and the far red light are 600-700nm and 700-750nm respectively, and the wavelengths of the blue light and the blue-violet light are 400-450nm and 320-390nm respectively.

[0043] In solar radiation, the part of the spectrum effective for plant photosynthesis is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for short. The commonly used unit for evaluating photosynthetically active radiation is photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for short, which represents the light flux density in photosynthetically active radiation, and refers to the number of light quanta per unit area per unit time in the wavelength range that plants can absorb, with the unit of mol / m-2·s-1. PPFD represents the correlation between the number of light quanta and photosynthesis, and can evaluate the influence of light intensity on plant growth and development. When the carbon dioxide, water and temperature in the plant growth environment meet the needs of the plant, the PPFD directly affects the photosynthetic rate of the plant: when the PPFD is above the light compensation point of the plant, with the increase of the PPFD, the photosynthetic rate of the plant continuously rises until the light saturation point of the plant is reached. When the light saturation point of the plant is reached and exceeded, the photosynthetic rate no longer increases, and the excess light energy can also produce a light inhibition effect, resulting in a decrease in the photosynthetic rate of the plant.

[0044] According to the requirements of plants for the light intensity, plants can be generally divided into heliophytes, mesophytes and sciophytes. Heliophytes need to grow in strong light intensity, such as cactaceae and rosaceae. Sciophytes can only grow well in weak light intensity, such as most orchidaceae, araceae and ferns. Mesophytes can grow well in sufficient light and can tolerate different degrees of shading, and most plants belong to this category. Different plants require different PPFD, generally, the PPFD required by heliophytes is higher, and the PPFD required by sciophytes is lower, so when managing the light intensity of the artificial light plant factory, the requirements of different plants for light intensity should be grasped. The relative length of day and night in a day is called photoperiod, and the response of plants to the relative length of day and night is called the photoperiod phenomenon of plants. Generally, the length of sunshine affects the morphological development, biomass accumulation, organ formation and flowering of plants, and a series of physiological phenomena. If the light time is too short, the plants cannot carry out sufficient photosynthesis, resulting in slow growth, overgrowth, weakness and other growth problems, and some plants cannot flower. For most plants in the plant factory, 14-16 hours of light and 8-10 hours of darkness per day can meet the needs of growth and development. According to the response of flowering to the length of sunshine, people divide plants into long-day plants (which require more than 12 hours of light to flower), short-day plants (which require less than 10 hours of light to flower) and day-neutral plants (which are not sensitive to the length of light). Therefore, the light supplement of the plant factory needs to be reasonably handled according to the requirements of harvesting. Therefore, the lighting unit 17 of the present application can give the corresponding light intensity of the growth light and the signal light to different types of plants, and control the relative height position and time function change of the light intensity, so that the lighting unit 17 can produce suitable plant growth and periodic change of light conditions for the cultivation unit 1 based on the superposition of a plurality of light emitting components 18.

[0045] Due to the difference between the electricity price cycle and the plant photoperiod, the time and space arrangement of the light scheme in the prior art also rarely involves the balance of the plant growth and power consumption in the stage or the whole cycle to obtain better economic benefits. For example, the electricity price cycle specifications are as follows: the peak period is 10-12 o'clock and 14-19 o'clock; the valley period is 0-8 o'clock; the remaining period is flat; the peak flat valley price ratio is 1.7:1:0.38. For the artificial light completely controlled plant factory which is basically independent of sunlight, the crop cycle can be adjusted adaptively according to the electricity price cycle, for example, in the valley period, the lighting unit 17 irradiates the crops with the first light intensity, in the flat period close to the valley period, the lighting unit 17 irradiates the crops with the second light intensity, and in the peak period and part of the flat period, the lighting unit 17 is turned off, so that the power peak and valley stages of the plant factory are opposite to the electricity price cycle, thereby improving the economy of the plant factory.

[0046] Preferably, since the planting surface 8 flush with the middle part of the lighting unit 17 receives more light than other positions of the planting surface 8, in order to ensure the uniformity of the light of the cultivation unit 1 in the axial direction, i.e. the height direction, the lighting unit 17 can be set in a manner that the light intensity of the light emitting assembly 18 decreases first and then increases in the axial direction. Since the size of the light emitting assembly 18 can be much smaller than the interlayer height of the planting surface 8, the lighting unit 17 can achieve coverage of the cultivation unit 1 by activating part of the light emitting assembly 18 without activating all the light emitting assembly 18. Especially when the plant does not have high demand for light source intensity, the partial activation or interval activation of the light emitting assembly 18 can also achieve the protection effect of the light source. Based on the interval activation, the performance degradation caused by the temperature rise of the light source under long-time work is improved, and the light intensity and spectral structure of the lighting unit 17 can meet the growth needs of the plant.

[0047] Preferably, in order to reduce the illumination of the lighting unit 17 to the non-target area and improve the utilization efficiency of light, the lighting unit 17 is also provided with a light reflecting assembly 19. The light reflecting assembly 19 is arranged at both ends of the lighting unit 17, and the light reflecting assemblies 19 arranged at both ends of the lighting unit 17 are symmetrically arranged relative to the lighting unit 17. The light reflecting assembly 19 can deflect the illumination direction of the light based on the reflection effect, so that the light irradiated by the lighting unit 17 to the non-target area such as the top surface or the ground can be reflected to the cultivation unit 1 by the deflection effect of the light reflecting assembly 19. Specifically, the light reflecting assembly 19 is arranged around the central axis of the lighting unit 17, and the light reflecting assembly 19 includes a reflecting surface configured as an inclined plane or a curved surface. The reflecting surface is arranged around the central axis of the lighting unit 17 to form the side surface of a frustum of a cone, i.e. the reflecting surface formed around the central axis can be configured as a circular truncated cone side surface, a prismatic side surface or a ring surface with a circular upper surface and a flat lower surface. When the reflecting surface is configured as a prismatic side surface, the number of reflecting surfaces is consistent with the number of directions of the planting surface 8, so that the light reflected by the reflecting surface can cover the cultivation unit 1 in the corresponding direction. When the reflecting surface is configured as a circular truncated cone side surface, the curvature of the reflecting surface changes in a certain rule, so that the light reflected by the reflecting surface can uniformly irradiate the cultivation unit 1.

[0048] Preferably, since the distance from the different circumferential positions of the planting surface 8 to the central axis of the lighting unit 17 is different, for the same height of the planting surface 8, the circumferential middle of the planting surface 8 is closer to the central axis of the lighting unit 17 than the two sides of the planting surface 8, and the light intensity obtained under the same conditions is higher, that is, the light intensity obtained by the same height of the planting surface 8 presents a distribution trend of being high in the middle and low on both sides along the circumference. And the lighting unit 17 is arranged in parallel with the cultivation unit 1 along the height direction, considering the superposition of the parallel light and reflected light of the lighting unit 17 for different height positions of the cultivation unit 1, the light intensity received by the planting surface 8 at different height positions presents a distribution trend of being high in the middle and low on both sides along the height direction. In addition, since the distance from the different radial positions of a single planting surface 8 to the lighting unit 17 is different, the light intensity obtained by the different radial positions of a single planting surface 8 increases along the increase of the radial dimension.

[0049] Based on the above analysis, due to the structural arrangement of the cultivation unit 1 and the lighting unit 17, the planting surface 8 has uneven light intensity distribution in the circumferential, height direction and radial directions, therefore, the system can improve the above uneven light intensity distribution based on the curvature setting of the reflecting surface and the adjusting surface 14, on the basis of ensuring uniform light receiving of the plants, it can also improve the utilization efficiency of light energy based on the full use of reflected light. For example, the reflecting surface is configured as a prism side surface consistent with the number of the planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1, and the curvature of the reflecting surface and the adjusting surface 14 is set to improve the uneven light intensity of the planting surface as follows:

[0050] To improve the uneven light intensity of the planting surface 8 in the circumferential direction, the reflecting surface can be configured as a prism side surface consistent with the number of the planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1, and the curvature of the prism side surface can be set in a way that the reflected light is deflected to the two sides of the planting surface 8, that is, at the same horizontal height, the curvature of the reflecting surface is set in a way that it increases from the center to the two sides, that is, at the same horizontal height of the reflecting surface, the light emitted by the light emitting assembly 18 and reflected by the reflecting surface, the lower curvature setting of the reflecting surface from the center to the two sides will deflect the reflected light of the reflecting surface to the two sides, so that the reflected light can cover more of the two sides of the planting surface 8, and the light intensity of the reflected light in the circumferential direction of the planting surface 8 presents a decreasing trend from the two sides to the center. Combined with the parallel light and inclined light of the lighting unit to the planting surface, the light intensity received by the plants at different circumferential positions of the planting surface 8 can be balanced to improve the uniformity of the light intensity of the planting surface 8 in the circumferential direction.

[0051] In order to improve the unevenness of the light intensity in the height direction of the planting surface, the reflection surface is arranged in a manner that the curvature increases first and then decreases along the radial dimension from low to high, so that the light rays irradiated by the lighting unit 17 on the reflection surface can be inclined to the two ends of the cultivation unit 1 under the action of the reflection surface, that is, the light rays reflected by the reflection surface are arranged in a manner that the light intensity on the cultivation unit 1 decreases first and then increases from the far end to the near end, the far end refers to the end of the cultivation unit 1 away from the adjusting assembly, and the near end refers to the end of the cultivation unit 1 close to the adjusting assembly, so that the reflected light of the reflection surface can make up for the insufficient light irradiation of the lighting unit 17 on the two ends of the cultivation unit 1 and improve the uniformity of the light received by the plants at different axial height positions.

[0052] In order to improve the unevenness of the light intensity in the radial direction of the planting surface, as shown in Figure 4 The adjusting surface 14 includes a first adjusting curved surface 15 arranged on the lower surface of the planting surface 8 and a second adjusting curved surface 16 arranged close to the central column 3, the first adjusting curved surface 15 mainly receives and reflects the direct light and reflected light generated by the lighting unit 17, so that the reflected light passing through the first adjusting curved surface 15 can generate irradiation light including at least an axial component for the plants, since the position with larger radial dimension of the planting surface 8 is closer to the lighting assembly 18, the light intensity obtained by the area close to the first circumferential edge 10 of the planting surface 8 is higher than that close to the second circumferential edge 11, in order to balance the light imbalance caused by different radial positions, the first adjusting curved surface 15 of the adjusting surface 14 is arranged in a manner that the curvature increases from the position close to the first circumferential edge 10 to the position close to the second circumferential edge 11, so that the curvature of the first adjusting curved surface 15 gradually decreases in the direction of radial expansion. The second adjusting curved surface 16 is also used to receive the direct light or reflected light generated by the lighting unit 17, and the second adjusting curved surface 16 is arranged in a manner that the curvature gradually increases from the position close to the upper planting surface 8 to the position close to the lower planting surface 8. The curvature arrangement of the first adjusting curved surface 15 and the second adjusting curved surface 16 is beneficial to the gathering of the light rays reflected by the first adjusting curved surface 15 and the second adjusting curved surface 16 in the area of the planting surface 8, thereby reducing the reflected light rays towards the non-planting surface and improving the utilization efficiency of the light rays.

[0053] For example, the light emitting component 18 which is close to the height of the current layer planting surface 8 emits light rays approximately parallel to the planting surface 8, and the light rays for illuminating the current layer planting surface 8 are mainly concentrated in the area close to the first circumferential edge 10, and the light rays which are incident on the surface of the central column 3 are reflected by the second adjusting surface 16 in turn and are incident on different radial positions of the planting surface 8. The light rays for the current layer emitted by the light emitting component 18 which is lower than the current layer planting surface 8 are inclined upward, so that the light rays are mainly incident on the first adjusting surface 15 of the adjusting surface 14 and part of the second adjusting surface 16, the light rays which are incident on the first adjusting surface 15 are reflected by the adjusting surface 14 and are incident on the planting surface 8 and the second adjusting surface 16, and the light rays which are reflected by the second adjusting surface 16 are reflected again and are incident on the planting surface 8, so that the light rays which are inclined upward are concentrated on the planting surface 8 by the adjusting surface 14 and generate illumination light with an axial component greater than a radial component. The light rays for the current layer emitted by the light emitting component 18 which is higher than the current layer planting surface 8 are inclined downward, so that the light rays are mainly incident on the planting surface 8 and part of the second adjusting surface 16, the light rays which are incident on the planting surface 8 can provide direct light for the plants, and the light rays which are incident on the second adjusting surface 16 are incident on the area of the planting surface 8 close to the second circumferential edge 11 based on the reflection principle. Therefore, the adjusting surface 14 can concentrate the parallel light and the inclined light generated by the lighting unit 17, so that the first adjusting surface 15 forms a light collecting effect similar to a concave mirror, and based on the reflection principle, the light rays which are not directly incident on the planting surface 8 can be fully utilized, and based on the curvature of the adjusting surface 14, the reflected light rays can be adjusted again, so that the reflected light generated by the adjusting surface 14 can be more incident on the area with a smaller radial size of the planting surface 8 and improve the uniformity of the light received by the plants, so as to ensure the growth effect of the plants and improve the utilization efficiency of the light rays.

[0054] Preferably, to adjust to the planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1, the light reflection assembly 19 is provided with an angle adjuster for controlling the inclination of the reflection surface, which can be arranged on the side of the reflection surface away from the light emitting assembly 18, and the angle adjuster controls the inclination angle of the reflection surface relative to the central axis by connecting the reflection surface and controlling the distance from the reflection surface to the central axis of the lighting unit 17, so that the reflection surface can change the coverage of the reflected light based on the angle adjustment, for example, when the interlayer height of the planting surface 8 is increased or the cultivation unit 1 is higher than the interlayer height of the previous cultivation unit 1, the angle of the reflection surface relative to the central axis is increased, so that the reflected light of the reflection surface expands the irradiation range in the circumferential height of the cultivation unit 1. Since the cultivation unit 1 arranged around the lighting unit 17 can cultivate several varieties of plants, the reflection surface towards each cultivation unit 1 can be independently operated under the control of the angle adjuster, that is, the angle of the reflection surface towards each cultivation unit 1 relative to the central axis can be independently controlled by the angle adjuster, so that the light reflection assembly 19 can adjust the reflected light to several cultivation units 1 with inconsistent irradiation height requirements.

[0055] In order to better meet the requirements of intelligent control and fine operation of the plant factory, the present application further provides a control unit 20, which is provided with a controller 23, and the controller 23 is signal connected with the cultivation unit 1, the lighting unit 17, the environment adjuster 21, the nutrient distributor 22, the display 27 and the server 28; the environment adjuster 21 is provided with a sensor on the planting frame 2 and / or the top surface for monitoring environmental parameters, and the nutrient distributor 22 can be arranged on the top surface and based on the pipeline to supplement and manage the nutrient solution, or a management station can be provided, so that the cultivation unit 1 can move to the management station through the first track 5 to supplement or replace the nutrient solution.

[0056] Specifically, the controller 23 obtains the relevant information of the cultivation unit 1: the arrangement height range of the planting surface 8 based on the sensor arranged on the central column 3, defined as the cultivation height, the growth state of the plant based on the image sensor arranged on the adjusting surface 14, defined as the plant state, the position information of the axial adjuster 13 based on the sensor arranged on the central column 3, defined as the cultivation adjustment information. The controller 23 obtains the relevant information of the lighting unit 17: the distribution information of the light intensity in the height direction based on the chip arranged on the lighting unit 17, defined as the light emission state, the angle of the light reflection assembly 19 relative to the central axis based on the sensor, defined as the light source adjustment information. The controller 23 obtains the relevant information of the environmental adjuster 21, defined as the environmental parameters, including carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, air humidity, temperature, etc. The controller 23 obtains the relevant information of the nutrient distributor 22, defined as the nutrition parameters, including ion concentration of the nutrient solution, concentration ratio, nutrient solution replacement frequency and nutrient solution circulation period, etc. The controller 23 can also obtain input instructions or guidance information based on the display 27 or the server 28, and can also transmit the parameter information and state information of the plant factory based on the display 27 and the server 28.

[0057] The controller 23 also obtains the position information of the cultivation unit 1 and the lighting unit based on the server 28, for example, the position information of the cultivation unit 1 includes: equipment number, planar position information of the cultivation unit 1 relative to the first track 5, the position information of the lighting unit 17 includes: equipment number, planar position information of the lighting unit 17 relative to the second track 6; Specifically, a plurality of cultivation units 1 are respectively assigned corresponding digital numbers, the planting surfaces 8 of different orientations of the cultivation unit 1 are respectively assigned corresponding letter numbers, a plurality of lighting units 17 are respectively assigned corresponding first layer digital numbers, and the light emitting assemblies 18 of the lighting units 17 are respectively assigned second layer digital numbers; the controller 23 can obtain the position information of each lighting unit 17 based on the server 28, and obtain the position information of the cultivation unit 1 arranged around the lighting unit 17 and the number information of the planting surface 8 facing the lighting unit 17 based on the server 28, so that a plurality of cultivation units 1 form relatively independent cultivation spaces towards the planting surface 8 of the same lighting unit 17; the position information of the cultivation unit 1 and the lighting unit can not only be used for adjusting the plant growth environment, but also be used for intelligent planning of the plant factory, for example: space arrangement planning, i.e. crop arrangement and position layout of different cultivation units 1; light condition planning, i.e. providing corresponding light conditions for crops based on the parameters and input information of the planting surface 8 of the cultivation unit 1; nutrition planning; providing corresponding nutrition conditions for crops based on the crop state and input information; picking planning, i.e. picking and replanting based on the crop state and growth speed to realize intelligent supervision.

[0058] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the application, and that those skilled in the art will be able to devise modifications which, though perhaps not explicitly described or shown herein, nonetheless fall within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the patentable scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lighting system for a vertical plant factory, characterized in that, The lighting system comprises: a cultivation unit for arranging plants provides vertical cultivation space for plants based on planting racks arranged along the height direction; a lighting unit for providing light for plants is arranged in parallel with the cultivation unit in a manner capable of covering at least the height range of the cultivation unit, the cultivation unit and the lighting unit are respectively based on the track arranged on the ground or the top surface to realize position movement adjustment, so that the cultivation unit and the lighting unit can be set according to the planting needs and form several mutually surrounding topological structures, in the case of the lighting unit forming a columnar light source based on several light emitting assemblies arranged along the height direction, the cultivation unit is provided with an adjusting surface for reflecting the light rays irradiated by the lighting unit on the non-plant surface, the adjusting surface comprises a first adjusting curved surface covering the lower surface of the planting surface and a second adjusting curved surface covering the outer surface of the central column, and the light rays irradiated on the adjusting surface can be converged on the planting surface located in the lower layer based on the reflection of the adjusting surface, the first adjusting curved surface is arranged in a manner that the curvature increases from the position close to the first circumferential edge to the position close to the second circumferential edge, so that the curvature of the first adjusting curved surface gradually decreases in the direction of radial expansion, the second adjusting curved surface is arranged in a manner that the curvature gradually increases from the position close to the upper planting surface to the position close to the lower planting surface, and the lighting unit is provided with a light reflecting assembly at least at one end in the height direction for reflecting light rays, so that the light reflecting assembly reflects at least part of the light rays irradiated on the non-plant surface to the cultivation unit in a manner that the reflecting surface of the light reflecting assembly is adjustable relative to the central axis of the lighting unit, and the reflecting surface of the light reflecting assembly is designed in curvature to control the convergence degree of the reflected light rays at different height positions of the cultivation unit; the planting surface in a single direction is divided into several planting sites on each layer, so that the several planting sites arranged discontinuously are spaced apart from each other and arranged staggered on adjacent layers, the radial dimension of the planting surface relative to the central column gradually increases from high to low, the lower surface of the planting surface and the surface of the central column close to the lower surface of the planting surface are configured as curved adjusting surfaces, so that the adjusting surfaces reflect the light rays irradiated on the lower surface of the planting surface and the surface of the central column to the plant surface, and the central column is provided with an axial adjuster connected to the planting surface, so that the planting surface is adjusted along the height direction under the action of the axial adjuster, and the layer height of the cultivation ring or the planting surface is adjusted as needed.

2. The lighting system of claim 1, characterized in that The light reflecting assembly (19) is arranged with a reflecting surface around the central axis of the lighting unit (17), and in the case that the light rays irradiated by the lighting unit (17) are circumferentially surrounded by the light reflecting assembly (19), the reflecting surface is configured as a radially diffused curved surface.

3. The lighting system of claim 2, wherein, In the case that the reflecting surface of the light reflecting assembly (19) is configured as several reflecting surfaces around the central axis, the number of the reflecting surfaces is consistent with the number of the planting surface (8) of the cultivation unit (1).

4. The lighting system of claim 3, characterized in that The light reflecting assembly (19) is provided with an angle adjuster for controlling the inclination degree of the reflecting surface, the angle adjuster controls the inclination angle of the reflecting surface relative to the central axis, so that the reflecting surface can change the coverage range of the reflected light rays based on the angle adjustment to adapt to the height adjustment of the planting surface (8) of the cultivation unit (1).

5. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein, The light emitting assembly (18) comprises a first light source for emitting growth light and / or a second light source for emitting signal light.

6. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein, The cultivation unit (1) and the lighting unit (17) can form several planting modules capable of independently adjusting the light conditions in a mutual surrounding arrangement, wherein the planting modules are composed of the lighting unit (17) and several planting surfaces (8) facing the lighting unit (17).

7. A lighting method of a vertical plant factory, the lighting method is implemented by using the lighting system of any one of claims 1 to 6, the lighting method comprises the following steps: A control unit (20) is provided, the control unit (20) is configured with a controller (23) connected with the cultivation unit (1) and the lighting unit (17), and the controller (23) is also connected with a server (25) for information input and output; The controller (23) controls the light intensity distribution and the spectral structure distribution of the lighting unit (17) in the height direction based on the crop state information fed back by the cultivation unit (1), wherein the light intensity distribution refers to the function distribution of the light intensity changing with the height, and the spectral structure distribution refers to the function distribution of the spectral structure changing with the height; The controller (23) controls the inclination of the reflecting surface of the reflecting assembly (19) relative to the central axis of the lighting unit (17) based on the height information of the planting surface (8) fed back by the cultivation unit (1).

8. The illumination method of claim 7, wherein, The lighting method further comprises the following steps: The controller (23) controls the interval activation of the light emitting assembly (18) of the lighting unit (17) based on the temperature information of the light emitting assembly (18) fed back by the lighting unit (17), that is, the light intensity of the light emitting assembly (18) is distributed as a function of the height position and time; The controller (23) controls the light emitting period of the lighting unit (17) to be inversely arranged with the electricity price period based on the electricity price period obtained by the server (25), that is, when the electricity price period is in the peak period, the flat period and the valley period respectively, the light emitting period is in the valley period, the flat period and the peak period respectively.

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