Lightweight high-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a light-weight high-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove and a preparation method, and comprises an integrally-formed three-layer wear-resistant layer and a supporting layer; the three-layer wear-resistant layer comprises a wear-resistant outer layer, a wear-resistant inner layer and an intermediate layer from one end to the other end in sequence; the bottom surface of the intermediate layer is fused with the top surface of the supporting layer; and the material ratio and the manufacturing process of the wear-resistant outer layer, the wear-resistant inner layer and the intermediate layer are specifically disclosed, and the supporting layer is Q345 carbon structural steel. In order to form the composite guide groove, the application further discloses a forming extrusion die, and the forming extrusion die can obtain a part which has the surface wear resistance, the overall light weight, the high strength of the bottom, the firm combination of the layers and the guide groove structure. According to the installation requirement, the composite guide groove part can be obtained by cutting according to the length.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a light-weight high-load-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Large equipment such as engineering machinery and mining machinery usually realizes heavy-load operation through a working device, and a guide groove and a guide rail are used in cooperation, a working device is installed on the guide rail, and the working device realizes moving operation along the guide groove structure. Since large equipment such as engineering machinery and mining machinery is often in harsh working conditions such as high load, large dust, and continuous operation, the parts thereof have problems such as difficult maintenance and easy wear. Compared with the moving guide rail at the sliding end, the guide groove is a basic device for such heavy machinery to complete trajectory movement, is generally at the fixed end, and is usually welded on the base structure. Once the guide groove is worn or damaged, the maintenance difficulty and cost are very large.

[0003] In addition, the rectification measures and control policies for the overweight and over-discharge problems of engineering machinery and mining machinery are also more stringent. Engineering machinery and mining machinery are all implementing weight reduction, including structural lightweighting and material lightweighting. Therefore, weight reduction of each part of the vehicle-mounted part is very meaningful. How to reduce the weight of the guide groove at the high-load-bearing and easy-wear position while meeting the bearing capacity and improving the wear resistance together with other parts is a key problem. The traditional guide groove usually adopts copper alloy or hard alloy material and is prepared by machining, and has problems such as insufficient wear resistance, excessive weight, and insecure connection with the base. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a light-weight high-load-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and realize that the composite guide groove has high wear resistance, low weight, and high overall strength.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] A light-weight high-load-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove comprises an integrally formed three-layer wear-resistant layer and a support layer; the three-layer wear-resistant layer comprises, from one end to the other end, a wear-resistant outer layer, a wear-resistant inner layer, and an intermediate layer; the bottom surface of the intermediate layer is fused with the top surface of the support layer;

[0007] The wear-resistant outer layer is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 0.15, the mass percentage of Y is 0.35, and the balance is Cu;

[0008] The wear-resistant inner layer is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 0.35, the mass percentage of Y is 0.15, and the balance is Cu;

[0009] The intermediate layer is a high-strength aluminum alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 92.45, the mass percentage of Cu is 4.05, the mass percentage of Mg is 0.25, the mass percentage of Ti is 0.30, the mass percentage of Mn is 0.72, and the balance is controllable impurities; the support layer is Q345 carbon structural steel.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness ratio of the wear-resistant outer layer to the wear-resistant inner layer is 1:1-1:3.

[0011] A preparation method of a light-weight high-load wear-resistant composite guide groove, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1, preparing a spray deposition process step: preparing raw materials of the composite guide groove in a vacuum medium frequency furnace;

[0013] S2, preparing a wear-resistant layer blank: according to the characteristics of the component proportions of each wear-resistant layer, corresponding spray deposition process parameters are formulated, and the raw materials and proportioning components in step S1 are used to melt in the melting chamber of the spray deposition equipment to form an alloy of the wear-resistant outer layer, the wear-resistant inner layer and the intermediate layer. The alloy forms an alloy slab after liquidization and atomization deposition. After the alloy slab deposition is completed, the slab of the wear-resistant outer layer, the wear-resistant inner layer and the intermediate layer meeting the requirements is processed according to the guide groove size and the proportion of each layer material.

[0014] S3, preparing a support layer: processing a slab of the support layer meeting the requirements according to the guide groove size;

[0015] S4, integrally forming a wear-resistant composite guide groove: preparing an extrusion die, and extruding the slabs of the wear-resistant outer layer, the wear-resistant inner layer, the intermediate layer and the support layer into an integrated body through an extruder and the extrusion die to form a final wear-resistant composite guide groove.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the wear-resistant inner layer is first prepared by spray deposition, and the wear-resistant outer layer is formed by spray deposition based on the wear-resistant inner layer, so that the wear-resistant outer layer and the wear-resistant inner layer are integrally prepared into a wear-resistant layer.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the extrusion die comprises an extrusion female die, four extrusion channels are respectively arranged on the side surface of the extrusion female die, which are a wear-resistant extrusion die port, an intermediate extrusion die port, a support extrusion die port and a composite guide groove forming outlet; one end of the wear-resistant extrusion die port, one end of the intermediate extrusion die port, one end of the support extrusion die port and one end of the composite guide groove forming outlet are in communication to form a forming cavity; and the forming cavity is arranged inside the extrusion female die.

[0018] Preferably, the wear-resistant extrusion die is provided with a material containing groove on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die away from the wear-resistant extrusion die, respectively, to facilitate feeding.

[0019] Preferably, the wear-resistant extrusion die is provided with a material containing groove on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die away from the wear-resistant extrusion die, respectively, to facilitate feeding.

[0020] Preferably, the wear-resistant extrusion die is provided with a material containing groove on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die away from the wear-resistant extrusion die, respectively, to facilitate feeding.

[0021] Preferably, the wear-resistant extrusion die is provided with a material containing groove on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die away from the wear-resistant extrusion die, respectively, to facilitate feeding.

[0022] Preferably, the wear-resistant extrusion die is provided with a material containing groove on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die away from the wear-resistant extrusion die, respectively, to facilitate feeding.

[0023] The present application has the following technical effects:

[0024] By the composite forming of three specific component formula materials, the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy intermediate layer and wear-resistant layer are formed on the conventional carbon structural steel support layer with low cost, high strength and high weldability, which can significantly reduce the weight of the composite guide channel, and ensure that the composite guide channel has high wear resistance, overall lightweight effect and good strength. In addition, the wave structure of the two bonding layers and the specific component design are beneficial to form a good metallurgical bonding effect, and the dovetail groove and boss structure of the two bonding layers play a limiting role on the basis of enhancing the bonding effect. The gradient composition and gradient performance characteristics are formed inside the particle reinforced copper-based composite material obtained by reactive spray deposition. The wear-resistant layer can form a gradient distribution from the working surface to the intermediate layer in the micro size, and the microstructure size of the wear-resistant outer layer to the wear-resistant inner layer is gradiently distributed, and the fine microstructure size and particles of the wear-resistant inner layer are more easily to form high metallurgical bonding with the high strength and toughness aluminum alloy of the intermediate layer, thereby improving the bonding strength; the large microstructure size and particles of the wear-resistant outer layer are more easily to form the best wear resistance effect in the early stage of wear. In addition, the conventional low-cost carbon structural steel as the support layer has a high deformation strengthening effect after unequal channel extrusion, and good overall support effect is obtained, and it can be directly welded with other steel bases with high strength, which is convenient for high-strength installation and connection with other steel parts. At the same time, the composite guide channel only uses particle reinforced copper-based composite material in the wear-resistant layer, which can significantly reduce the amount of precious metals and achieve the effect of saving cost.

[0025] Therefore, the high metallurgical bonding effect of the wear-resistant layer, the strong wear resistance, the small overall weight and the large support strength make the composite guide channel have a long service life, a good wear resistance effect, a high strength, and advantages of reducing cost, reducing weight, connecting steel base and being easy to industrialize and apply, etc., which can be widely applied to various reciprocating motion parts of engineering machinery, mining machinery and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating labor.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a side view structure schematic diagram of the composite guide channel;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a side view structure schematic diagram of the extrusion die from one perspective;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structure schematic diagram of the extrusion die from one perspective;

[0030] Figure 4Structure diagram of one side wall of intermediate extrusion die;

[0031] Figure 5 Structure diagram of another perspective of the extrusion die;

[0032] Figure 6 Structure diagram of another perspective of the extrusion die;

[0033] Wherein, 1, wear-resistant outer layer; 2, wear-resistant inner layer; 3, intermediate layer; 4, support layer; 5, extrusion die; 6, wear-resistant extrusion die; 7, intermediate extrusion die; 8, support extrusion die; 9, composite guide groove forming outlet; 10, forming cavity; 11, material containing groove; 12, extrusion ridge; 13, dovetail ridge; 14, boss; 15, extrusion groove; 16, dovetail groove; 17, extrusion rib. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1-6 A light-weight high-bearing wear-resistant composite guide groove, comprising an integrally formed three-layer wear-resistant layer and a support layer 4; the three-layer wear-resistant layer comprises, from one end to the other end, a wear-resistant outer layer 1, a wear-resistant inner layer 2 and an intermediate layer 3; the bottom surface of the intermediate layer 3 is fused with the top surface of the support layer 4;

[0037] The wear-resistant outer layer 1 is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 0.15, the mass percentage of Y is 0.35, and the balance is Cu;

[0038] The wear-resistant inner layer 2 is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 0.35, the mass percentage of Y is 0.15, and the balance is Cu. The increase of the aluminum content and the decrease of the Y content of the wear-resistant inner layer 2 have the characteristics of being closer to the chemical composition of the intermediate layer aluminum alloy, which can improve the metallurgical bonding effect with the intermediate layer.

[0039] The intermediate layer 3 is a high-strength aluminum alloy, and the alloy elements and component proportions are as follows: the mass percentage of Al is 92.45, the mass percentage of Cu is 4.05, the mass percentage of Mg is 0.25, the mass percentage of Ti is 0.30, the mass percentage of Mn is 0.72, and the balance is controllable impurities; the support layer 4 is Q345 carbon structural steel. The thickness ratio of the wear-resistant outer layer 1 to the wear-resistant inner layer 2 is 1:1-1:3.

[0040] Further, the Q345 carbon structural steel as the support layer 4 plays a role of bearing support, and has the advantages of low cost, high strength, high welding strength and the like.

[0041] A preparation method of a light-weight high-load wear-resistant composite guide groove, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1, a spray deposition process step is formulated: in a vacuum medium frequency furnace, raw materials of the composite guide groove are prepared;

[0043] S2, wear-resistant layer blank preparation: according to the characteristics of the component proportions of each wear-resistant layer, corresponding spray deposition process parameters are formulated, and the raw materials and the proportioning components in step S1 are used to melt in a melting chamber of a spray deposition equipment to form alloys of the wear-resistant outer layer 1, the wear-resistant inner layer 2 and the intermediate layer 3. After the alloy is liquefied and atomized and deposited, an alloy slab is formed. After the alloy slab is deposited, the wear-resistant outer layer 1, the wear-resistant inner layer 2 and the intermediate layer 3 slabs meeting the requirements are processed according to the guide groove size and the proportion of each layer material. The wear-resistant inner layer 2 is first sprayed and deposited, and then the wear-resistant outer layer 1 is formed by spray deposition on the basis of the wear-resistant inner layer 2, so that the wear-resistant outer layer 1 and the wear-resistant inner layer 2 are fused into one body to prepare the wear-resistant layer.

[0044] Further, the spray deposition principle of the wear-resistant layer is that the wear-resistant layer uses two different proportions of Cu-Al-Y alloy. The Cu-Al-Y alloy is prepared by spray deposition to form a ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite, specifically a reaction spray deposition internal oxidation technology, which uses oxygen-containing nitrogen gas as an oxidizing agent and a protective atmosphere in the atomizer to selectively oxidize Al and Y active elements in the Cu-Al-Y alloy atomized droplets first. Because the alloy liquid is dispersed into very small particles by the atomizing gas, the reaction is very rapid and complete, and most of the generated particles are Al2O3 and Y2O3, with particle sizes of microns and nanometers. The rare earth oxide particles have high stability and high melting points (Al2O3 melting point: 2015°C and Y2O3 melting point: 2410°C), and as reinforcing particles, can significantly improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the copper matrix. Specifically, the alloy liquid is first melted, then guided downward through the heat preservation funnel guide pipe, and in the flow, impacted by the high-pressure gas from the atomizer. On the one hand, the high-pressure gas disperses the alloy liquid into countless small droplets, achieving rapid solidification; on the other hand, the reaction of the gas and the metal droplets generates reinforcing phases. Subsequently, when the droplets cool to a semi-solid state in flight, they are received by a cooling substrate to obtain a slab.

[0045] S3, preparing the support layer 4: according to the size of the guide groove, processing the slab of the required support layer 4;

[0046] S4, integrally forming the wear-resistant composite guide groove: preparing an extrusion die, and extruding the slabs of the wear-resistant outer layer 1, the wear-resistant inner layer 2, the intermediate layer 3 and the support layer 4 into an integrated body through an extruder and the extrusion die to form the final wear-resistant composite guide groove.

[0047] Further, first, in a vacuum medium frequency furnace (vacuum degree less than 10 -3 Pa), graphite crucibles are used to prepare Cu-Al intermediate alloy with an aluminum content of 40% by mass and Cu-Y intermediate alloy with a yttrium content of 15% by mass for preparing the wear-resistant layer, and high-strength aluminum alloy for preparing the intermediate layer, and then the components are designed and dosed according to the above alloys.

[0048] Secondly, the prepared materials (Cu-A1 and Cu-Al-Y alloy for preparing the wear-resistant layer, high-strength aluminum alloy for preparing the intermediate layer) are respectively placed in the melting chamber of the spray deposition equipment, vacuum is drawn (vacuum degree less than 10 - 2 Pa) after the furnace cover is closed, and the alloy is melted by heating; after degassing by refining, the alloy melt is poured into a heat preservation furnace, the high-pressure gas atomization valve is opened, and atomization and deposition are carried out; the metal liquid is atomized into dispersed small particles under the condition that nitrogen gas is used as the atomizing gas medium, and these particles are solidified and formed after colliding with the deposition disc in the atomizing chamber.

[0049] Finally, with the continuous atomization of the alloy liquid, the deposition layer is continuously grown, and finally the alloy plates of different components such as Cu-Al-Y and high-strength aluminum alloy are prepared. The melting chamber of the vacuum medium frequency furnace and the spray deposition equipment is the prior art, and will not be described here.

[0050] Further, the spray deposition process of the wear-resistant composite guide groove material is set as follows according to the composition characteristics of the Cu-Al-Y alloy: the deposition height is 335 mm, the maximum deposition speed is 1.8 mm / s, the melt temperature is 140℃, the N2 atomization pressure is 1.6 MPa, the depositor moving distance is 280 mm, the deposition angle is 28 deg, the depositor downward speed is 0.5 mm / s, the depositor initial eccentricity is 20 mm, the depositor rotation speed is 200 deg / s, the deposition disc cooling water pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the guide pipe diameter is 4 mm. The deposition effect: the deposition efficiency is 90%, and the relative density of the deposited blank is 95%.

[0051] According to the composition characteristics of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the best spray deposition process parameters are formulated as follows: the deposition height is 250 mm, the maximum deposition speed is 1.9 mm / s, the melt temperature is 205℃, the N2 atomization pressure is 0.85 MPa, the depositor moving distance is 180 mm, the deposition angle is 27 deg, the depositor downward speed is 0.5 mm / s, the depositor initial eccentricity is 20 mm, the depositor rotation speed is 250 deg / s, the deposition disc cooling water pressure is 0.6 MPa, and the guide pipe diameter is 4.2 mm. The deposition effect: the deposition efficiency is 92%, and the relative density of the deposited blank is 96%.

[0052] Further, the blank preparation process of the wear-resistant outer layer 1 and the wear-resistant inner layer 2 is as follows:

[0053] (1) The material preparation process of the vacuum medium frequency furnace is used, and the best process parameters are used, and the alloy formula of Al mass percentage 0.35, Y mass percentage 0.15, and the balance of Cu is used to prepare the wear-resistant inner layer 2;

[0054] (2) On the basis of the wear-resistant working inner layer, the material preparation process of the vacuum medium frequency furnace is used, and the best process parameters are used, and the alloy formula of Al mass percentage 0.15, Y mass percentage 0.35, and the balance of Cu is used to prepare the wear-resistant outer layer;

[0055] (3) According to the size of the wear-resistant composite guide groove, the wear-resistant layer plate blank meeting the requirements is processed, and the processing mode is cutting and milling.

[0056] Further, the intermediate layer blank preparation process is as follows:

[0057] (1) using the process step of step one, using the above-mentioned optimal spray deposition process parameters, using the alloy formula with the mass percentage of Al being 92.45, the mass percentage of Cu being 4.05, the mass percentage of Mg being 0.25, the mass percentage of Ti being 0.30, the mass percentage of Mn being 0.72, and the balance being controllable impurities, to prepare the intermediate layer 3;

[0058] (2) according to the size of the wear-resistant composite guide groove, process the plate blank of the intermediate layer 3 that meets the requirements, and the processing mode is cutting and milling.

[0059] Further optimization scheme, in step S4, the extrusion die includes an extrusion die 5, further, the extrusion die 5 is separately processed by upper and lower half dies and combined into one body, the side surface of the extrusion die 5 is respectively provided with four extrusion channels, which are a wear-resistant extrusion die 6, an intermediate extrusion die 7, a support extrusion die 8 and a composite guide groove forming outlet 9; one end of the wear-resistant extrusion die 6, one end of the intermediate extrusion die 7, one end of the support extrusion die 8 and one end of the composite guide groove forming outlet 9 are communicated with each other to form a forming cavity 10; the forming cavity 10 is arranged in the interior of the extrusion die 5.

[0060] Further optimization scheme, the side wall of the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 away from the intermediate extrusion die 7 and the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die 7 away from the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 are respectively provided with a material containing groove 11 for facilitating feeding.

[0061] Further optimization scheme, the middle part of the side wall of the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 close to the intermediate extrusion die 7 is processed with a plurality of longitudinal sawtooth-shaped extrusion ridges 12 in the extrusion direction, which extrude a longitudinal wavy structure in the extrusion direction in the middle part of the corresponding side of the wear-resistant layer blank; the top end and the bottom end of the side wall of the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 close to the intermediate extrusion die 7 are respectively processed with a longitudinal dovetail ridge 13 in the extrusion direction, which extrudes a longitudinal dovetail groove in the extrusion direction on the upper and lower edges of the corresponding side of the wear-resistant layer blank; the middle part of the side wall of the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 away from the intermediate extrusion die 7 is processed with a longitudinal convex platform 14 in the extrusion direction; the convex platform 14 extends to the side wall of the composite guide groove forming outlet 9 through one side wall of the forming cavity 10, which extrudes a guide groove structure matched with the convex platform 14 in the middle part of the corresponding side of the wear-resistant layer blank, and the convex platform 14 can extend to the composite guide groove forming outlet 9, realizing that the final wear-resistant composite guide groove can be formed with the guide groove structure.

[0062] Further optimization scheme, the side wall of the intermediate extrusion die 7 near the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 is processed with several longitudinal serrated extrusion grooves 15 along the extrusion direction in the middle part, and the longitudinal wave structure along the extrusion direction is extruded in the middle part of the corresponding side of the intermediate layer 3 blank. The side wall of the intermediate extrusion die 7 near the wear-resistant extrusion die 6 is respectively processed with dovetail grooves 16 along the extrusion direction in the top and bottom ends, and the longitudinal dovetail bosses along the extrusion direction are extruded on both sides of the corresponding side of the intermediate layer 3 blank. The side wall of the intermediate extrusion die 7 near the support extrusion die 8 is processed with several serrated extrusion ribs 17 perpendicular to the extrusion direction, and the transverse wave structure is extruded on the corresponding side of the intermediate layer 3 blank. Further, the transverse wave structure will disappear after the intermediate layer 3 blank passes through the intermediate extrusion die 7 and enters the forming cavity 10. The longitudinal wave structure on one side of the intermediate layer 3 and the transverse wave structure on the other side of the intermediate layer 3 alternately press the center of the intermediate layer 3 blank, which is beneficial to the forming of the intermediate layer blank and the improvement of the overall performance of the intermediate layer blank.

[0063] Further, the blank of the wear-resistant layer near the intermediate layer and the blank of the intermediate layer 3 near the wear-resistant layer are combined by differential unequal channels, the middle staggered longitudinal wave structure is adapted and engaged with each other, the heat-press coupling effect is generated by partition heating, the strong metallurgical bonding is formed, and the dovetail grooves on both sides of the wear-resistant layer blank are engaged with the dovetail bosses of the intermediate layer 3 blank to form strong metallurgical bonding.

[0064] Further optimization scheme, the side wall of the forming cavity 10 near the intermediate extrusion die 7 is processed with several extrusion ribs 12 in the middle part, and the dovetail ribs 13 are respectively processed in the top and bottom ends of the side wall of the forming cavity 10 near the intermediate extrusion die 7. The opposite side walls of the support extrusion die 8 and the opposite side walls of the intermediate extrusion die 7 are the same, and the side wall of the support extrusion die 8 near the forming cavity 10 is full of extrusion ribs 17.

[0065] The serrated extrusion grooves 15 along the extrusion direction are processed in the middle part of the side of the support extrusion die 8, which are adapted to the serrated extrusion ribs 12 of the side of the intermediate extrusion die 7, and the longitudinal wave structure along the extrusion direction is extruded in the middle part of the side of the support layer blank. The dovetail bosses 14 along the extrusion direction are processed on both sides of the side of the support extrusion die 8 near the intermediate layer 3, and the longitudinal bosses 14 along the extrusion direction are extruded on both sides of the side of the support layer 4 blank near the intermediate layer.

[0066] The blank of the intermediate layer 3 close to the support layer 4 and the blank of the support layer 4 close to the intermediate layer 3 are combined by differential unequal channel extrusion, the middle staggered longitudinal wave structure is engaged, and then the heat-press coupling effect is formed by partition heating, the strong metallurgical bonding is formed, the two sides swallow tail grooves are engaged with the boss 14, and the strong metallurgical bonding is formed.

[0067] The part with surface wear resistance, overall light weight, high strength bottom, firm layer combination and guide groove structure can be obtained from the composite guide groove forming outlet 9, according to the installation needs, the length is cut, and the composite guide groove part can be obtained.

[0068] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0069] The above embodiments only describe the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A lightweight, high-load-bearing, wear-resistant composite guide channel, characterized in that, It includes a three-layer wear-resistant layer and a support layer (4) integrally formed; the three wear-resistant layers are, from one end to the other, a wear-resistant outer layer (1), a wear-resistant inner layer (2) and a middle layer (3); the bottom surface of the middle layer (3) is fused with the top surface of the support layer (4); The wear-resistant outer layer (1) is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloying elements and composition ratio are: Al mass percentage is 0.15, Y mass percentage is 0.35, and the balance is Cu; The wear-resistant inner layer (2) is a Cu-Al-Y alloy, and the alloying elements and composition ratio are: Al mass percentage is 0.35, Y mass percentage is 0.15, and the balance is Cu; The intermediate layer (3) is a high-strength aluminum alloy, and the alloying elements and their composition ratio are as follows: Al mass percentage is 92.45%, Cu mass percentage is 4.05%, Mg mass percentage is 0.25%, Ti mass percentage is 0.30%, Mn mass percentage is 0.72%, and the balance is controllable impurities; The support layer (4) is made of Q345 carbon structural steel; Prepare an extrusion die, and extrude the slabs of the wear-resistant outer layer (1), wear-resistant inner layer (2), intermediate layer (3) and support layer (4) into one piece by an extruder and an extrusion die to form the final wear-resistant composite guide groove; The extrusion die includes an extrusion die (5), and the extrusion die (5) has four extrusion channels, namely a wear-resistant extrusion die (6), an intermediate extrusion die (7), a support extrusion die (8), and a composite guide groove forming outlet (9); one end of the wear-resistant extrusion die (6), one end of the intermediate extrusion die (7), one end of the support extrusion die (8), and one end of the composite guide groove forming outlet (9) are interconnected to form a forming cavity (10); the forming cavity (10) is located inside the extrusion die (5); The wear-resistant extrusion die (6) has a material receiving groove (11) on the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die (7) and the intermediate extrusion die (7) has a material receiving groove (11) on the side wall away from the wear-resistant extrusion die (6). The wear-resistant extrusion die (6) has several longitudinally serrated extrusion protrusions (12) that are gradually rising along the extrusion direction processed in the middle of the side wall near the intermediate extrusion die (7). The wear-resistant extrusion die (6) has dovetail protrusions (13) that are gradually rising along the extrusion direction processed at the top and bottom of the side wall near the intermediate extrusion die (7). The wear-resistant extrusion die (6) has a longitudinally gradually rising boss (14) that is gradually rising along the extrusion direction processed in the middle of the side wall away from the intermediate extrusion die (7). The boss (14) extends through one side wall of the forming cavity (10) to one side wall of the composite guide groove forming outlet (9). The intermediate extrusion die (7) has several longitudinally serrated extrusion grooves (15) that are gradually rising along the extrusion direction on the middle part of the side wall near the wear-resistant extrusion die (6). The intermediate extrusion die (7) has dovetail grooves (16) that are gradually rising along the extrusion direction on the top and bottom ends of the side wall near the wear-resistant extrusion die (6). The intermediate extrusion die (7) has several transversely serrated extrusion ribs (17) that are gradually rising perpendicular to the extrusion direction on the side wall near the supporting extrusion die (8). The molding cavity (10) has a plurality of extrusion protrusions (12) processed in the middle of the side wall near the intermediate extrusion die (7), and the top and bottom of the middle of the side wall near the intermediate extrusion die (7) of the molding cavity (10) are respectively processed with dovetail protrusions (13). The opposite sidewalls of the supporting extrusion die (8) and the opposite sidewalls of the intermediate extrusion die (7) are configured the same, and the sidewalls of the supporting extrusion die (8) near the forming cavity (10) are covered with the extrusion ribs (17).

2. The lightweight, high-load-bearing, wear-resistant composite guide channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness ratio of the wear-resistant outer layer (1) to the wear-resistant inner layer (2) is 1:1 to 1:

3.

3. A method for preparing a lightweight, high-load-bearing, wear-resistant composite guide channel, based on the lightweight, high-load-bearing, wear-resistant composite guide channel according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Formulate the jet deposition process steps: Prepare the raw materials for the composite guide channel in a vacuum intermediate frequency furnace; S2. Preparation of wear-resistant layer blanks: Based on the characteristics of the proportion of each wear-resistant layer component, the corresponding spray deposition process parameters are formulated. The raw materials and proportions in step S1 are melted in the melting chamber of the spray deposition equipment to form an alloy of wear-resistant outer layer (1), wear-resistant inner layer (2), and intermediate layer (3). After the alloy is deposited by liquefaction and atomization, an alloy blank is formed. After the alloy blank is deposited, the wear-resistant outer layer (1), wear-resistant inner layer (2), and intermediate layer (3) blanks that meet the requirements need to be processed according to the guide groove size and the material ratio of each layer. S3. Preparation of support layer (4): According to the guide groove size, process the blank of support layer (4) that meets the requirements; S4, one-piece molded wear-resistant composite guide groove.

4. The method for preparing a lightweight, high-load-bearing, wear-resistant composite guide groove according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the wear-resistant inner layer (2) is first formed by spray deposition, and then the wear-resistant outer layer (1) is formed by spray deposition on the basis of the wear-resistant inner layer (2), so that the wear-resistant outer layer (1) and the wear-resistant inner layer (2) are fused together to form a wear-resistant layer.

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