An emergency cooling device and operation method for a molten salt system

Abstract

An emergency cooling device and operation method for a molten salt system are proposed in an embodiment of the present application. The device can prevent the adhesion of inorganic salts to equipment during the solidification process by cooling liquid inorganic salts in stages and finally solidifying them into particles, ensuring the continuous progress of the cooling process. Therefore, the present application can solve the problem of cooling and storage of high-temperature liquid inorganic salts in the molten salt thermal energy storage system in case of accidents, and timely cool the liquid molten salt into a solid when an emergency occurs in the molten salt thermal energy storage system, which is convenient for later reuse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of molten salt energy storage, and particularly to an emergency cooling device and operation method for a molten salt system. Background Art

[0002] At present, renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy has been developing rapidly year by year. Coupled with the increasing annual electricity consumption of the whole society, the peak-valley difference of power grid electricity consumption is increasing day by day, and the power grid's demand for low-cost and long-life energy storage technologies is getting stronger and stronger. Molten salt energy storage technology can convert electrical energy into thermal energy for storage, with the advantages of low average cost, long service life, and clean and pollution-free, and is one of the main energy storage means for coping with the development of new energy in the future.

[0003] Molten salt is an excellent medium and high temperature heat storage medium with low vapor pressure, good fluidity, and high heat storage temperature. The molten salt with the largest engineering application scale at present is solar salt (potassium nitrate + sodium nitrate). The biggest advantage of solar salt is good thermal stability and low corrosion, but the disadvantage is that the freezing point is too high, about 220°C. The salt melting process is an essential link in the molten salt heat storage system, which melts powdered or granular solid inorganic salts into liquid by heating and then transports them to the molten salt storage tank. When the molten salt storage tank is forced to be repaired due to design defects or material compatibility problems and leaks occur, hundreds of thousands of tons of high-temperature liquid inorganic salts have nowhere to be stored. Different from water, molten salt has high self-value and a high proportion of investment in the heat storage system and cannot be discarded at will. Secondly, molten salt belongs to the category of hazardous chemicals management, and there are special requirements for disposal methods and storage locations. High-temperature liquid inorganic salts also pose a safety risk of high-temperature injury to people. Therefore, it is of great significance to solve the problem of cooling and storage of high-temperature liquid inorganic salts in case of accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related technologies to some extent.

[0005] To this end, the purpose of this application is to propose an emergency cooling device and operation method for a molten salt system. The device can prevent the adhesion of inorganic salts to equipment during the solidification process by cooling liquid inorganic salts in stages and finally solidifying them into particles, ensuring that the cooling process can proceed continuously. Therefore, this application can solve the problem of cooling and storage of high-temperature liquid inorganic salts in case of accidents in the molten salt heat storage system, and cool the liquid molten salt into a solid in time when an emergency occurs in the molten salt heat storage system, which is convenient for later reuse.

[0006] To achieve the above object, this application proposes an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system, including:

[0007] A water-cooling component, which is used to cool the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, includes a water cooler and a liquid distributor; wherein the water cooler contains a coolant, and the conveying pipeline includes a heat exchange coil; the heat exchange coil is immersed in the coolant of the water cooler; the liquid distributor is arranged at the output end of the conveying pipeline;

[0008] An air-cooling component, including an air cooler with a drip plate inside and a secondary air distributor, a primary air distributor and a rotating disk arranged in the air cooler in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the drip plate divides the air cooler into an upper space and a lower space in the vertical direction; the liquid distributor is located above the secondary air distributor, and the drip plate is located below the secondary air distributor; the secondary air distributor is lower than the liquid level of the liquid molten salt on the drip plate and is used to disperse the introduced cold air in the liquid molten salt; the primary air distributor is located below the drip plate and is used to disperse the introduced cold air in the lower space; the rotating disk rotates to break the solid molten salt falling above it and throw the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler.

[0009] In some embodiments, the air-cooling component further includes an air duct; the inlet of the air duct is located on the wall of the air cooler below the drip plate, and its outlet is located on the wall of the air cooler above the drip plate; the upper space and the lower space are communicated to introduce the cold air in the lower space into the upper space.

[0010] In some embodiments, the air-cooling component further includes a water-cooling cavity arranged on the circumferential side of the outer wall of the air cooler, and cooling water is introduced into it to solidify the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air cooler.

[0011] In some embodiments, the vertical distance from the top end of the water-cooling cavity to the bottom of the air cooler is equivalent to the vertical distance from the rotating disk to the bottom of the air cooler; and the bottom of the water-cooling cavity is located above the bottom of the air cooler.

[0012] In some embodiments, the air-cooling component further includes a desalting ring, wherein the outside of the desalting ring is in contact with and connected to the inner wall of the air cooler and moves in the vertical direction, and it is always located below the rotating disk to prevent the un-solidified liquid molten salt from accumulating on the inner wall of the air cooler.

[0013] In some embodiments, the upper surface of the rotating disk is provided with a convex structure in a centrifugal shape, which is used to break the solidified solid molten salt and at the same time throw part of the un-solidified molten salt onto the inner wall surface of the air cooler.

[0014] In some embodiments, a filter screen with intermittent physical vibration is arranged at the top of the air cooler, which is located above the liquid distributor and is used to capture the inorganic salts carried by the air and remove the inorganic salts solidified on the filter screen.

[0015] In some embodiments, a salt outlet is provided at the bottom of the air cooler; the salt outlet is located below the bottom of the water-cooling cavity.

[0016] In some embodiments, the liquid molten salt entering the heat exchange coil flows upward in the water cooler, and a temperature measurement point is provided at the outlet of the heat exchange coil for monitoring the temperature of the liquid molten salt cooled by the water cooler.

[0017] In some embodiments, a molten salt pump and a first valve are provided on the conveying pipeline; the molten salt pump is connected to the molten salt tank for pressurizing and pumping the liquid molten salt; along the conveying direction of the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, the first valve is located downstream of the molten salt pump and upstream of the heat exchange coil for controlling the flow rate of the liquid molten salt.

[0018] In some embodiments, a heat exchange assembly is further included, which includes an air compressor and a heat exchanger; after the air compressor compresses the introduced air, its outlet is communicated with the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger; the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor; cooling water is introduced into the cold-side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the cold-side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the water-cooling cavity.

[0019] In some embodiments, the heat exchange assembly further includes a dryer; the inlet of the dryer is connected to the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the dryer is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor.

[0020] In some embodiments, a second valve and a third valve are provided on the pipelines where the dryer is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor for controlling the cold air entering the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor.

[0021] In some embodiments, a method for operating a molten salt pump device for pumping liquid molten salt from a molten salt tank body is provided, including the following steps

[0022] Assemble the cooling device described in any of the above embodiments;

[0023] The liquid molten salt is pressurized and pumped out by the molten salt pump and cooled by the water cooler, and the temperature of the cooled liquid molten salt is at least 20 °C higher than its freezing point; then it is introduced into the liquid distributor in the air cooler and flows to above the leak plate and maintains a certain liquid level;

[0024] Cold air is introduced into the secondary air distributor to cool the liquid molten salt, and the cooled liquid molten salt drips through the leak plate into the lower space of the air cooler; cold air is introduced into the primary air distributor to cause part of the liquid molten salt to solidify into solid molten salt and then drop onto the rotating rotating disk; the rotating disk breaks up the solid molten salt and throws the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler; cooling water is introduced into the water-cooling cavity to further cool the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air cooler;

[0025] The desalting ring moves up and down to clean the solid molten salt adhering to the inner wall surface of the air cooler, and the solid molten salt is discharged through the salt outlet.

[0026] In some embodiments, the cold air introduced into the lower space of the air cooler from the primary air distributor is transmitted through the air duct to the liquid molten salt on the leak plate or the space above the liquid molten salt on the leak plate.

[0027] The present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0028] The present application cools the liquid molten salt through two stages of a water cooler and an air cooler; and uses cooling water and compressed air to perform multi-stage cooling on the high-temperature molten salt, ensuring that the liquid molten salt can quickly solidify into solid molten salt particles, preventing the adhesion of the liquid molten salt to the cooling equipment during the solidification process, and ensuring that the cooling process can proceed continuously.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. Description of the Drawings

[0030] The above-mentioned and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, where:

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an emergency cooling device for a molten salt system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] In the figure, 1 is a molten salt tank; 2 is a molten salt pump; 3 is a first valve; 4 is a water cooler; 5 is a heat exchange coil; 6 is a temperature measurement point; 7 is a liquid distributor; 8 is a second valve; 9 is a third valve; 10 is a primary air distributor; 11 is an air cooler; 12 is a filter screen; 13 is a secondary air distributor; 14 is a rotating disk; 15 is a desalting ring; 16 is a water cooling cavity; 17 is a salt outlet; 18 is an air duct; 19 is a fourth valve; 20 is an air compressor; 21 is a heat exchanger; 22 is a dryer; 23 is a leakage plate. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all changes, modifications and equivalents falling within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.

[0038] To achieve the above object, see Figure 1 The present application provides a molten salt system emergency cooling device to achieve the above object, which includes: a water cooling component and an air cooling component;

[0039] The water cooling component includes a water cooler 4 and a liquid distributor 7. The liquid molten salt is transported through a transport pipeline, and a liquid distributor 7 is arranged at the output end of the transport pipeline. Along the transport direction of the liquid molten salt, the water cooler 4 is arranged upstream of the liquid distributor 7. The water cooler 4 is a tank structure with a coolant accommodated therein and an open upper end. The transport pipeline includes a heat exchange coil 5, and the heat exchange coil 5 is immersed in the coolant of the water cooler 4. When the liquid molten salt passes through the heat exchange coil 5, it exchanges heat with the coolant outside the heat exchange coil 5, and the liquid molten salt in the heat exchange coil 5 can be cooled; optionally, the coolant of the water cooler 4 can be understood as an aqueous solution.

[0040] Preferably, the liquid molten salt entering the heat exchange coil 5 flows upward in the water cooler 4. It can be understood that the input end of the heat exchange coil 5 is located at the bottom of the water cooler 4, and its output end is located at the upper part of the water cooler 4. In addition, to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the heat exchange coil 5 in this embodiment is in a figure-eight shape, specifically as Figure 1 shown. Preferably, a temperature measurement point 6 is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchange coil 5 to monitor the temperature of the liquid molten salt cooled by the water cooler 4.

[0041] In addition, to achieve the upward flow of the high-temperature liquid molten salt in the primary water cooler 4 from the lower position to the higher position to improve the heat exchange effect of the coolant outside the heat exchange coil 5, the water level in the water cooler 4 can also be adjusted to ensure that the liquid molten salt at the outlet of the heat exchange coil 5 is at an appropriate temperature, preventing the liquid molten salt from clogging or solidifying in the heat exchange coil 5. The temperature of the liquid molten salt at the outlet of the heat exchange coil 5 is at least 20°C higher than its freezing point.

[0042] In some embodiments, a molten salt pump 2 and a first valve 3 are provided on the conveying pipeline; the molten salt pump 2 is connected to the molten salt tank 1 and is used for pressurizing and pumping the liquid molten salt; along the conveying direction of the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, the first valve 3 is located downstream of the molten salt pump 2 and upstream of the heat exchange coil 5, and is used for controlling the flow rate of the liquid molten salt.

[0043] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, a large amount of liquid molten salt is stored in the molten salt tank 1. The high-temperature liquid molten salt is pressurized and pumped by the molten salt pump 2 connected to the molten salt tank 1, and the liquid molten salt in the molten salt tank 1 is input into the conveying pipeline. Preferably, a first valve 3 is provided on the conveying pipeline. Along the conveying direction of the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, the first valve 3 is located downstream of the molten salt pump 2 and upstream of the heat exchange coil 5, and is used for controlling the flow rate of the liquid molten salt to improve the cooling effect of the liquid molten salt in the water cooler 4.

[0044] In some embodiments, the air-cooling assembly includes an air cooler 11 with a drip plate 23 arranged inside, and a secondary air distributor 13, a primary air distributor 10, and a rotating disk 14 which are arranged in the air cooler 11 from top to bottom in sequence; the drip plate 23 divides the air cooler 11 into an upper space and a lower space in the vertical direction; the liquid distributor 7 is located above the secondary air distributor 13, and the drip plate 23 is located below the secondary air distributor 13; the secondary air distributor 13 is lower than the liquid level of the liquid molten salt on the drip plate 23 and is used for dispersing the introduced cold air in the liquid molten salt; the primary air distributor 10 is located below the drip plate 23 and is used for dispersing the introduced cold air in the lower space; the rotating disk 14 rotates to break the solid molten salt falling on it and throw the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler 11.

[0045] Specifically, the air cooler 11 can be understood as a tank structure with an accommodation space inside and an open upper end; a drip plate 23 is arranged inside the air cooler 11. It can be known that the drip plate 23 divides the air cooler 11 into an upper space and a lower space in the vertical direction. In addition, a plurality of small holes are opened on the drip plate 23, so that the liquid molten salt on the drip plate 23 can flow into the lower space below the drip plate 23 through the small holes.

[0046] In this embodiment, a secondary air distributor 13, a primary air distributor 10, and a rotating disk 14 are sequentially arranged in the air cooler 11 from top to bottom; among them, the liquid distributor 7 and the secondary air distributor 13 are located in the upper space, and the liquid distributor 7 is located above the secondary air distributor 13. The liquid distributor 7 distributes the liquid molten salt cooled by the water cooler 4 onto the orifice plate 23 and forms a liquid level of a certain height on the orifice plate 23. The secondary air distributor 13 is located above the orifice plate 23 and immersed in the liquid molten salt, that is, the secondary air distributor 13 is lower than the liquid level of the liquid molten salt on the orifice plate 23. When cold air is introduced into the secondary air distributor 13, the cold air can be dispersed in the liquid molten salt to cool the liquid molten salt.

[0047] The cooled liquid molten salt drips downward through the small holes on the orifice plate 23. Cold air is introduced into the primary air distributor 10 to cool the liquid molten salt in the lower space again. Subsequently, most of the liquid molten salt solidifies and falls downward onto the high-speed rotating rotating disk 14; the high-speed rotating rotating disk 14 breaks up the solidified molten salt to prevent large chunks of molten salt from aggregating, and a small amount of incompletely solidified liquid molten salt is thrown onto the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11 by the centrifugal force on the rotating disk 14. Preferably, the upper surface of the rotating disk 14 is provided with a convex structure in a centrifugal shape, which can enhance the breaking effect on the solidified molten salt and cause a small amount of incompletely solidified liquid molten salt to be thrown onto the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11 by the action of the centrifugal protrusions on the rotating disk 14.

[0048] In some embodiments, the air cooling assembly further includes an air duct 18; the inlet of the air duct 18 is located on the wall of the air cooler 11 below the orifice plate 23, and its outlet is located on the wall of the air cooler 11 above the orifice plate 23; the upper space and the lower space are communicated to introduce the cold air in the lower space into the upper space.

[0049] Specifically, the air cooling assembly further includes an air duct 18. The inlet and outlet of the air duct 18 are both arranged on the wall of the air cooler 11, where the inlet of the air duct 18 is located on the wall of the air cooler 11 below the orifice plate 23, and its outlet is located on the wall of the air cooler 11 above the orifice plate 23; the air duct 18 communicates the upper space and the lower space to introduce the cold air in the lower space into the upper space. Exemplarily, as Figure 3 shown, the cold air introduced into the lower space of the air cooler 11 from the primary air distributor 10 is cooled by the liquid molten salt inside and then transmitted to the upper space above the liquid molten salt on the orifice plate 23 through the air duct 18. Preferably, in some embodiments, the cold air in the lower space can also be transmitted to the liquid molten salt on the orifice plate 23 through the air duct 18, which can be completed by connecting a ventilation pipe between the outlet of the air duct 18 and the liquid molten salt on the orifice plate 23. The setting of the air duct 18 in this embodiment can further utilize the cold air input into the lower space and then introduce it into the upper space of the air cooler 11, realizing the multi-stage utilization of cold air and saving cooling resources.

[0050] In some embodiments, the air-cooling assembly further includes a water-cooling cavity 16 provided on the peripheral side of the outer wall of the air-cooler 11, into which cooling water is introduced to solidify the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air-cooler 11.

[0051] Specifically, a water-cooling cavity 16 can be provided on the peripheral side of the outer wall of the air-cooler 11. By introducing cooling water into the water-cooling cavity 16, the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air-cooler 11 can be further cooled to solidify it. Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the water-cooling cavity 16 is provided at the bottom of the peripheral side of the outer wall of the air-cooler 11, and the vertical distance between its top end and the bottom of the air-cooler 11 is equivalent to the vertical distance between the rotating disk 14 and the bottom of the air-cooler 11; when the solid molten salt drops onto the rotating disk 14, a small amount of the liquid molten salt that is not completely solidified is thrown towards the inner wall surface of the air-cooler 11 by the centrifugal force on the rotating disk 14, and by providing the water-cooling cavity 16 on the outer wall of the air-cooler 11 at a height equivalent to that of the rotating disk 14, the liquid molten salt on the inner wall surface of the air-cooler 11 can be further cooled to completely solidify it.

[0052] In addition, the bottom of the water-cooling cavity 16 is located above the bottom of the air-cooler 11, and a fourth valve 19 is installed at the outlet of the water-cooling cavity 16. It can be known that by adjusting the opening degree of the fourth valve 19, the flow rate of the cooling water in the water-cooling cavity 16 can be adjusted to improve the cooling effect on the liquid molten salt on the inner wall surface of the air-cooler 11; and the bottom of the water-cooling cavity 16 is located above the bottom of the air-cooler 11, mainly to more conveniently provide a salt outlet 17 at the bottom of the air-cooler 11 in some embodiments, and the completely solidified solid molten salt is discharged through the salt outlet 17.

[0053] In some embodiments, the air-cooling assembly further includes a desalting ring 15, the outer part of which is in contact connection with the inner wall of the water-cooler 4 and moves in the vertical direction. It is always located below the rotating disk 14 and is used to prevent the un-solidified liquid molten salt from accumulating on the inner wall of the water-cooler 4.

[0054] Specifically, the desalting ring 15 is of a ring structure and is horizontally arranged in the lower space. It can be understood that the area of the ring-shaped desalting ring 15 is the same as the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical air-cooler 11, that is, the projection of the desalting ring 15 at the bottom of the cylindrical air-cooler 11 coincides with the bottom of the air-cooler 11. The outer edge of the desalting ring 15 is in contact connection with the inner wall of the water-cooler 4 and is between the rotating disk 14 and the bottom of the air-cooler 11, moving in the vertical direction to prevent the un-sufficiently solidified liquid molten salt from continuously accumulating on the inner wall surface of the air-cooler 11.

[0055] In some embodiments, a filter screen 12 with intermittent physical vibration is provided at the top of the air-cooler 11. It is located above the liquid distributor 7 and is used to capture the inorganic salts carried by the air and remove the inorganic salts solidified on the filter screen 12.

[0056] Specifically, asFigure 4 As shown in Figure 4 , the open top of the air cooler 11 is provided with a filter screen 12 that undergoes intermittent physical vibration. The filter screen 12 is arranged above the liquid distributor 7. That is, in this embodiment, the filter screen 12, the liquid distributor 7, the secondary air distributor 13, the perforated plate 23, the primary air distributor 10, the rotating disk 14, and the desalting ring 15 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom within the air cooler 11. The air flowing out from the primary air distributor 10 and the secondary air distributor 13 is discharged to the environment after passing through the filter screen 12 at the upper part of the air cooler 11, which can be used to capture the solid molten salt carried by the air. After being put into operation, the filter screen 12 uses the method of intermittent physical vibration to remove the solid molten salt solidified on the filter screen 12.

[0057] In some embodiments, it further includes a heat exchange assembly, including an air compressor 20 and a heat exchanger 21. Among them, after the air compressor 20 compresses the incoming air, its outlet is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 21. The hot side outlet of the heat exchanger 21 is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor 13 and the primary air distributor 10. Cooling water is introduced into the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 21, and the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 21 is connected to the inlet of the water cooling cavity 16.

[0058] Specifically, the molten salt system emergency cooling device in this embodiment further includes a heat exchange assembly, where the heat exchange assembly includes an air compressor 20 and a heat exchanger 21. Air enters the air compressor 20 and is compressed to generate compressed air, and the compressed air has a relatively high temperature. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 21 is used to cool the high-temperature compressed air to make it cold air and introduce it into the primary air distributor 10 and the secondary air distributor 13 respectively. Specifically, normal temperature and pressure air is introduced into the inlet of the air compressor 20, and its outlet is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 21 and exchanges heat with the cooling water introduced into the cold side of the heat exchanger 21. The compressed air after heat exchange becomes cold air. And the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 21 can be connected to the inlet of the water cooling cavity 16 to introduce the cooling water that has exchanged heat with the compressed air into the water cooling cavity 16 for further solidification of the liquid molten salt on the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 21 uses cooling water to cool the compressed air, so that the temperature of the compressed air after expansion in the primary air distributor 10 and the secondary air distributor 13 is lower, which can improve the cooling effect on the molten salt.

[0059] In some embodiments, the heat exchange assembly further includes a dryer 22. Among them, the inlet of the dryer 22 is connected to the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger 21, and the outlet of the dryer 22 is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor 13 and the primary air distributor 10.

[0060] Specifically, as Figure 5As shown, at the inlet of the dryer 22, it is connected to the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger 21. The outlet of the dryer 22 is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor 13 and the primary air distributor 10, and second valves 8 and third valves 9 are provided on the pipelines where the dryer 22 is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor 13 and the primary air distributor 10. In this embodiment, in the heat exchanger 21, cooling water is used to cool the high-pressure compressed air, and the moisture in the compressed air condenses. The dryer 22 is used to filter out the moisture in the compressed air to generate high-pressure dry compressed air, which is then sent to the secondary air distributor 13 under the control of the second valve 8 and sent to the primary air distributor 10 under the control of the third valve 9.

[0061] In some embodiments, a method for operating a molten salt pump 2 device for pumping liquid molten salt from within a molten salt tank 1 body is proposed, including the following steps

[0062] Assemble the cooling device in any of the above embodiments;

[0063] The liquid molten salt is pressurized and pumped out by the molten salt pump 2 and cooled by the water cooler 4. The temperature of the cooled liquid molten salt is at least 20 °C higher than its freezing point; then it is introduced into the liquid distributor 7 in the air cooler 11 and flows to above the orifice plate 23 while maintaining a certain liquid level;

[0064] Cold air is introduced into the secondary air distributor 13 to cool the liquid molten salt. The cooled liquid molten salt drips through the orifice plate 23 into the lower space of the air cooler 11; cold air is introduced into the primary air distributor 10 to cause part of the liquid molten salt to solidify into solid molten salt and then fall onto the rotating rotating disk 14; the rotating disk 14 breaks up the solid molten salt and throws the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler 11; cooling water is introduced into the water-cooled cavity 16 to further cool the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air cooler 11;

[0065] The desalting ring 15 moves up and down to clean the solid molten salt adhering to the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11, and the solid molten salt is discharged through the salt outlet 17.

[0066] The molten salt in the molten salt tank 1 is pressurized and pumped out by the molten salt pump 2, and the opening degree of the first valve 3 is controlled according to the cooling effect of the molten salt in the air cooler 11 to control the flow rate of the molten salt; the high-temperature molten salt flows into the heat exchange coil 5 in the water cooler 4 to release heat, and the external water absorbs heat and evaporates to generate water vapor; the low-temperature molten salt flows to the upper part of the orifice plate 23 through the liquid distributor 7 and maintains a certain liquid level. The secondary air distributor 13 is located at the bottom of the liquid level, and the low-temperature air provided by the secondary air distributor 13 cools the molten salt. The cooled molten salt drips downward through the small holes on the orifice plate 23, and the low-temperature air provided by the primary air distributor 10 cools the molten salt again. Subsequently, most of the molten salt solidifies and falls downward onto the rotating disk 14; the rotating disk 14 rotating at a high speed breaks up the solidified molten salt to prevent large chunks of molten salt from aggregating. A small amount of incompletely solidified molten salt is thrown towards the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11 by the centrifugal protrusions on the rotating disk 14 and completely solidifies under the cooling effect of the external water cooling cavity 16. The solid inorganic salts adhering to the inner wall surface of the air cooler 11 are cleaned by the up-and-down movement of the desalting ring 15. Finally, the completely solidified inorganic salts are discharged through the salt outlet 17; the ambient air passes through the air compressor 20, and both the pressure and temperature increase simultaneously. The high-pressure air is cooled by the cooling water in the heat exchanger 21, and the moisture in the air condenses. The moisture in the air is filtered out by the dryer 22, and the high-pressure dry air is sent to the secondary air distributor 13 under the control of the second valve 8 and sent to the primary air distributor 10 under the control of the third valve 9; the cooling water absorbs the heat of the air in the heat exchanger 21 and is sent to the water cooling cavity 16 to cool the incompletely solidified inorganic salts. The flow rate of the cooling water is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the fourth valve 19; the air flowing out of the primary air distributor 10 cools the molten salt and is introduced into the upper part of the air cooler 11 through the air duct 18. When its temperature is relatively low, this part of the air can be introduced below the molten salt surface above the orifice plate 23; the air flowing out of the primary air distributor 10 and the secondary air distributor 13 is discharged to the environment through the filter screen 12 at the upper part of the air cooler 11.

[0067] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0068] Any process or method description shown in the flowchart or described in other ways herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or part of the code including one or more executable instructions for implementing a specific logical function or process. The scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes additional implementations, where the functions can be executed in a manner that is not shown or discussed in the order, including in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order according to the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc., mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An emergency cooling device for a molten salt system, characterized in that, Comprising: A water-cooling assembly for cooling the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, including a water cooler and a liquid distributor; wherein the water cooler contains a coolant, and the conveying pipeline includes a heat exchange coil; the heat exchange coil is immersed in the coolant of the water cooler; the liquid distributor is arranged at the output end of the conveying pipeline; An air-cooling assembly, including an air cooler with a perforated plate inside and a secondary air distributor, a primary air distributor, and a rotating disk arranged in the air cooler from top to bottom in sequence; wherein the perforated plate divides the air cooler into an upper space and a lower space in the vertical direction; the liquid distributor is located above the secondary air distributor, and the perforated plate is located below the secondary air distributor; the secondary air distributor is lower than the liquid level of the liquid molten salt on the perforated plate and is used to disperse the introduced cold air into the liquid molten salt; the primary air distributor is located below the perforated plate and is used to disperse the introduced cold air into the lower space; the rotating disk rotates to break up the solid molten salt falling on it and throw the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler; The air-cooling assembly further includes an air duct, a water-cooling cavity arranged on the peripheral side of the outer wall of the air cooler, and a desalting ring; the inlet of the air duct is located on the wall of the air cooler below the perforated plate, and its outlet is located on the wall of the air cooler above the perforated plate; the upper space and the lower space are communicated to introduce the cold air in the lower space into the upper space; cooling water is introduced into the water-cooling cavity to solidify the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air cooler; wherein the outer part of the desalting ring is in contact connection with the inner wall of the air cooler and moves in the vertical direction, and it is always located below the rotating disk to prevent the un-solidified liquid molten salt from accumulating on the inner wall of the air cooler.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein The vertical distance from the top of the water-cooling cavity to the bottom of the air cooler is equivalent to the vertical distance from the rotating disk to the bottom of the air cooler; and the bottom of the water-cooling cavity is located above the bottom of the air cooler.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the rotating disk is provided with a convex structure in a centrifugal shape, which is used to break up the solidified solid molten salt and at the same time throw part of the un-solidified molten salt onto the inner wall surface of the air cooler.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A filter screen with intermittent physical vibration is arranged at the top of the air cooler, which is located above the liquid distributor and is used to capture the inorganic salts carried by the air and remove the inorganic salts solidified on the filter screen.

5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, An outlet for discharging salt is arranged at the bottom of the air cooler; the outlet for discharging salt is located below the bottom of the water-cooling cavity.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The liquid molten salt entering the heat exchange coil flows upward in the water cooler, and a temperature measuring point is arranged at the outlet of the heat exchange coil to monitor the temperature of the liquid molten salt cooled by the water cooler.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein A molten salt pump and a first valve are arranged on the conveying pipeline; wherein the molten salt pump is connected to a molten salt tank and is used to pressurize and pump the liquid molten salt; along the conveying direction of the liquid molten salt in the conveying pipeline, the first valve is located downstream of the molten salt pump and upstream of the heat exchange coil and is used to control the flow rate of the liquid molten salt.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that It further includes a heat exchange assembly, which includes an air compressor and a heat exchanger. After the air compressor compresses the incoming air, its outlet is communicated with the hot-side inlet of the heat exchanger. The hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor. Cooling water is introduced into the cold-side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the cold-side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the water-cooling cavity.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The heat exchange assembly further includes a dryer. The inlet of the dryer is connected to the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the dryer is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein Second valves and third valves are provided on the pipelines where the dryer is respectively connected to the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor, for controlling the cold air entering the secondary air distributor and the primary air distributor.

11. A method for operating a molten salt pump device to pump liquid molten salt from a molten salt tank, characterized in that, It includes the following steps Assemble the cooling device according to any one of claims 7-10. The liquid molten salt is pumped out under pressure by a molten salt pump and cooled by a water cooler. The temperature of the cooled liquid molten salt is at least 20 °C higher than its freezing point. Then it is introduced into the liquid distributor in the air cooler and flows to above the leak plate and maintains a certain liquid level. Cold air is introduced into the secondary air distributor to cool the liquid molten salt. The cooled liquid molten salt drips through the leak plate to the lower space of the air cooler. Cold air is introduced into the primary air distributor to cause part of the liquid molten salt to solidify into solid molten salt and then fall onto the rotating rotating disk. The rotating disk breaks up the solid molten salt and throws the liquid molten salt onto the inner wall of the air cooler. Cooling water is introduced into the water-cooling cavity to further cool the liquid molten salt on the inner wall of the air cooler. The desalting ring moves up and down to clean the solid molten salt adhering to the inner wall surface of the air cooler, and the solid molten salt is discharged through the salt outlet.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The cold air introduced from the primary air distributor into the lower space of the air cooler is transmitted through the air duct to the liquid molten salt on the leak plate or the space above the liquid molten salt on the leak plate.

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