An integrated monitoring device for the hydrological processes of shrub forests in sandy areas of arid regions

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas, which includes: soil moisture sensors distributed in the soil layer to be measured; a leakage monitoring device arranged in the soil structure adjustment layer, which includes a capillary water holding part with its upper end closely attached to the lower surface of the soil layer to be measured, a rising monitoring component arranged in the capillary water holding part, a diversion part for diverting the infiltrated water under the capillary water holding part, and a metering device for metering and monitoring the flow of the diverted water; and a data acquisition device for collecting and recording the data of the soil moisture sensors and the leakage monitoring device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydro-ecology, and particularly to an integrated monitoring device for the hydro-process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas. Background Art

[0002] In China, the use of artificial vegetation construction for sand hazard control has the advantages of good effect, low cost, convenient implementation, etc., and is widely used. With the implementation of a series of ecological projects, large areas of sand-fixing shrub forests such as Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum mongolicum, Hedysarum scoparium, Salix psammophila, Tamarix ramosissima, Sabina vulgaris, Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, Calligonum mongolicum have been formed. These sand-fixing shrubs can effectively contain the development of desertification, reduce the harm of wind and sand, and promote the restoration of local habitats. However, with the growth of artificial shrub forests, the water consumption of forest stands increases, and phenomena such as stand degradation, soil moisture reduction, groundwater level decline, and regional runoff reduction occur, endangering the stability of artificial shrub forests, the exertion of ecological benefits, and regional water use safety. The reason for these problems is that the water consumption of artificial vegetation in sandy areas exceeds the soil moisture carrying capacity. Only by rationally using local water resources can the sustainable development of sand-fixing shrub forests be ensured, and understanding and mastering the hydro-process of artificial shrub forests is the premise for rationally using water resources.

[0003] Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided an integrated monitoring device for the hydro-process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas to solve the problems raised in the above background art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated monitoring device for the hydro-process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas, which includes:

[0005] Soil moisture sensors, distributed in the soil layer to be measured;

[0006] A leakage monitoring device, arranged in the soil structure adjustment layer, which includes a capillary water holding part with its upper end closely attached to the lower surface of the soil layer to be measured, a rising monitoring component arranged in the capillary water holding part, a diversion part for diverting the infiltrated water below the capillary water holding part, and a metering device for metering and monitoring the flow of the diverted water; and

[0007] A data acquisition device, used for collecting and recording the data of the soil moisture sensors and the leakage monitoring device.

[0008] Further, the rising monitoring component includes:

[0009] Measuring cylinder 1, inside which there is a multi-section fixed seat 1. On each of the fixed seats 1, there is a weighing seat 1 respectively. On the weighing seat 1, there is a collection cylinder 1. The lower port of the collection cylinder 1 is connected with a flow control valve pipe 1. The drainage port of the flow control valve pipe 1 is placed into the upper port of the collection cylinder 1 below it. At the upper part of each collection cylinder 1, there is also a regular triangular prism pipe connected. The inner end of the regular triangular prism pipe is fixedly embedded with the cylinder wall of the measuring cylinder 1, and there are seepage holes on the regular triangular prism pipe;

[0010] One-way water-permeable membrane 2, which is arranged on the inner pipe wall of the regular triangular prism pipe to block the seepage holes and allows external moisture to enter the inside of the regular triangular prism pipe unidirectionally.

[0011] Furthermore, the tip of the cross-section of the regular triangular prism pipe points downward, and the seepage holes are opened on the transverse two-side pipe planes of the regular triangular prism pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the regular triangular prism pipe is inclined.

[0013] Furthermore, cotton threads are laid at the lower edge line inside the regular triangular prism pipe and placed inside the collection cylinder 1.

[0014] Furthermore, the regular triangular prism pipes distributed axially on each measuring cylinder 1 are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0015] Furthermore, the shunt part includes:

[0016] A multi-pyramid shell cover, the upper port of its upper curved arc cone shell is connected with a right-angle ring, which is used to be fixedly connected with the outer wall of the capillary water-holding part. The upper port of its lower curved arc cone shell is connected with a stepped top ring. There is a diversion cavity communicating with the inner cavity of the multi-pyramid shell cover between the stepped top ring and the right-angle ring;

[0017] A support bracket, which is arranged on the upper inner ring wall of the stepped top ring. There is a top ball in the middle of it. There is a folding leaf hole disc around the top ball, and a surrounding tooth ring is hermetically enclosed on the outer folding edge of the folding leaf hole disc; and

[0018] One-way water-permeable membrane 1, which is closely arranged on the lower side of the folding leaf hole disc and allows the moisture below the folding leaf hole disc to flow unidirectionally into the area above the folding leaf hole disc.

[0019] Furthermore, the folding leaf hole disc is arranged in an upward conical structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the measuring device includes:

[0021] Measuring cylinder 2, the upper side of its upper end is correspondingly communicated with the drainage port of the multi-pyramid shell cover, and its lower end is communicated with a drain pipe;

[0022] Fixed seat 2, which is arranged at the inner bottom of the measuring cylinder 2. There is a weighing seat 2 at its upper end. There is a collection cylinder 2 on the weighing seat 2, and the lower port of the collection cylinder 2 is connected with a flow control valve pipe 2, and the flow control valve pipe 2 points to the upper pipe orifice of the drain pipe.

[0023] Further, the drain pipe is arranged in a downward slope, and seepage holes are also provided at its outer pipe orifice.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas, having the following beneficial effects:

[0025] In the present invention, through the leakage monitoring device, the seepage and upward movement of the hydrological movement in the soil can be monitored and analyzed more precisely. Through the structural design of the flow splitting part and the metering device, the normal movement of the water movement among the soil layer to be measured, the soil structure adjustment layer, and the underground layer soil can be ensured, so that both the monitoring and analysis of the infiltration water movement can be carried out, and the upward monitoring component can also obtain the downward infiltration movement / upward movement of the water in the soil, the height condition of the upward movement of the water in the soil, and the rate condition of the upward movement of the water in the soil. Furthermore, the analysis of the hydrological movement in the soil is clearer and more precise, so as to make the utilization of water resources more reasonable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the leakage monitoring device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the metering device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the metering device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is a top view structural schematic diagram of multiple upward monitoring components of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the upward monitoring component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the flow splitting part of the present invention;

[0033] In the figure: 1. Soil layer to be measured; 2. Soil structure adjustment layer; 3. Soil moisture sensor; 4. Data acquisition device; 5. Leakage monitoring device; 51. Capillary water holding part; 52. Rising monitoring component; 53. Measuring device; 54. Flow splitting part; 55. Right-angle ring; 56. Multi-pyramid shell cover; 57. Step top ring; 58. Support bracket; 59. Folding leaf hole disc; 510. Surrounding tooth ring; 511. Top ball; 512. One-way water permeable membrane one; 521. Measuring cylinder one; 522. Regular triangular prism tube; 523. Seepage hole; 524. One-way water permeable membrane two; 525. Cotton thread; 526. Collection cylinder one; 527. Flow control valve tube one; 528. Weighing seat one; 531. Measuring cylinder two; 532. Drain pipe; 533. Permeability increasing hole; 534. Collection cylinder two; 535. Weighing seat two; 536. Flow control valve tube two; 537. Flow control valve tube two. Specific implementation mode

[0034] Refer to Figure 1-7 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid sandy land shrub forests, which is characterized in that it includes:

[0035] The soil moisture sensor 3 is distributed in the soil layer 1 to be measured;

[0036] The leakage monitoring device 5 is arranged in the soil structure adjustment layer 2, and it includes a capillary water holding part 51 with its upper end closely attached to the lower surface of the soil layer 1 to be measured, a rising monitoring component 52 arranged in the capillary water holding part 51, a flow splitting part 54 for diverting the seepage water in the capillary water holding part 51, and a measuring device 53 for measuring and monitoring the split flow of the flow splitting part 54; and

[0037] The data acquisition device 4 is used for acquiring and recording the data of the soil moisture sensor 3 and the leakage monitoring device 5;

[0038] Among them, the soil structure adjustment layer 2 is arranged closely below the soil layer 1 to be measured, the soil moisture sensor 3 adopts a soil moisture sensor EC-5 probe, which is used to continuously monitor the soil volume moisture content in the soil layer 1 to be measured, and the leakage monitoring device 5 is used to monitor the seepage situation of water from top to bottom and the rising situation of water from bottom to top. Specifically, the upper port of the capillary water holding part corresponds to the soil layer 1 to be measured, and the lower port corresponds to the underground soil layer. Therefore, it can ensure that water can effectively seep from top to bottom / ascend from bottom to top through the capillary water holding part, so as to more accurately monitor and analyze the hydrological movement.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rising monitoring component 52 includes:

[0040] Measuring cylinder 1 (521), which is internally provided with a multi-section fixing seat 1. Each of the fixing seats 1 is respectively provided with a weighing seat 1 (528). A collecting cylinder 1 (526) is provided on the weighing seat 1 (528). The lower port of the collecting cylinder 1 (526) is connected with a flow control valve pipe 1 (527). The drainage port of the flow control valve pipe 1 (527) is placed into the upper port of the collecting cylinder 1 (526) below it. At the upper end of each collecting cylinder 1 (526), a regular triangular prism pipe (522) is also communicated. The inner end of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) is fixedly embedded in the wall of the measuring cylinder 1 (521), and seepage holes (523) are provided on the regular triangular prism pipe (522).

[0041] One-way water permeable membrane 2 (524), which is arranged on the inner pipe wall of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) to block the seepage holes (523) and allows external moisture to enter the inside of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) unidirectionally.

[0042] Among them, the tip of the cross-section of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) points downward, and the seepage holes (523) are opened on the horizontal side pipe planes of the regular triangular prism pipe (522), thus playing a blocking role in the downward seeping moisture. That is to say, when there is a downward seeping movement of the moisture in the capillary water holding part, the downward seeping moisture seeps downward normally and flows into the diversion part 54, and is diverted and guided into the measuring device 53 by the diversion part 54. When there is an upward movement of the moisture in the capillary water holding part, the upward moving moisture will pass through the side pipe plane of the inclined regular triangular prism pipe, and under the action of the one-way water permeable membrane, the upward moisture will enter the regular triangular prism pipe unidirectionally and flow into the collecting cylinder 1 (526) for collection and measurement. That is to say, according to whether the collecting cylinder 1 (526) at different section depths collects continuously increasing water volume in a short time, it can be obtained whether the moisture in the soil is in a downward seeping movement / upward movement. According to the comparison of the collection amounts of the collecting cylinder 1 (526) at different section depths, the height condition of the upward movement of the moisture in the soil can be obtained. According to the comparison of the collection rate of the collecting cylinder 1 (526) at different section depths, the rate condition of the upward movement of the moisture in the soil can be obtained, thereby making the analysis of the hydrological movement in the soil clearer and more accurate, so as to make the utilization of water resources more reasonable.

[0043] Among them, the lower port of the measuring cylinder 1 (521) is communicated with the measuring cylinder 2 (531). When the collecting cylinder 1 (526) is filled with moisture / after a single water diversion upward monitoring is completed, the control flow pipe valve 1 (527) is opened, and the moisture in the collecting cylinder 1 (526) can be timely led out for subsequent monitoring.

[0044] Among them, the regular triangular prism pipe (522) is inclined to facilitate the inflow of moisture into the collecting cylinder 1 (526). In this embodiment, the upward inclination angle with the horizontal plane is set to 5°.

[0045] In this embodiment, a cotton thread (525) is laid at the lower edge line inside the regular triangular prism pipe (522) and placed inside the collecting cylinder 1 (526). Through the guiding action of the cotton thread, the process of moisture flowing into the collecting cylinder 1 (526) becomes smoother.

[0046] In this embodiment, the regular triangular tubes 522 axially distributed in each metering cylinder 521 are arranged in a staggered manner, as Figure 5 shown, which improves the uniformity of monitoring the moisture movement and avoids the situation that the longitudinally adjacent regular triangular tubes are in the same longitudinal plane, so as to prevent the moisture movement in the same longitudinal plane direction from being blocked multiple times.

[0047] In this embodiment, the shunt part 54 includes:

[0048] A multi - angular cone shell cover 56, the upper - layer curved - arc cone shell upper port of which is connected with a right - angle ring 55 for connecting and fixing with the outer wall of the capillary water - holding part 51. The lower - layer curved - arc cone shell upper port of it is connected with a stepped top ring 57, and a diversion cavity communicating with the inner cavity of the multi - angular cone shell cover 56 is clamped between the stepped top ring 57 and the right - angle ring 55;

[0049] A support bracket 58 is arranged on the upper - end inner - ring wall of the stepped top ring 57, with a top ball 511 in the middle. There is a folding - leaf hole disc 59 around the top ball 511, and a surrounding tooth ring 510 is hermetically enclosed on the outer - circle fold edge of the folding - leaf hole disc 59; and

[0050] A one - way water - permeable membrane 512 is closely arranged on the lower side of the folding - leaf hole disc 59, allowing the moisture below the folding - leaf hole disc 59 to flow unidirectionally into the area above the folding - leaf hole disc 59. When there is a downward infiltration movement of moisture among the soil layer to be measured, the soil structure adjustment layer, and the underground soil layer, the one - way water - permeable membrane will block the infiltrating moisture and promote the infiltrating moisture to flow into the metering device 53. When there is an upward movement of moisture among the soil layer to be measured, the soil structure adjustment layer, and the underground soil layer, the moisture can enter the soil structure adjustment layer from the underground soil layer.

[0051] Among them, the multi - angular cone shell cover 56 is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the capillary water - holding part 51, and the metering device 53 is also arranged outside the capillary water - holding part 51. Therefore, the influence on the underground soil layer at the lower port of the capillary water - holding part 51 is avoided, so as to ensure the normal movement of moisture among the soil layer to be measured, the soil structure adjustment layer, and the underground soil layer;

[0052] Among them, the fold - edge ends of the folding - leaf hole disc 59 are all in a linear - edge structure. Therefore, the moisture infiltrating to the lower port of the capillary water - holding part can be timely separated and diverted. Therefore, by comparing the collection amounts of the metering device, the movement condition of the infiltrating direction of the infiltrating moisture can also be analyzed. In this embodiment, the drainage ends of the multi - angular cone shell cover 56 are set to four groups, respectively pointing to the four directions of north, east, south, and west, and four groups of metering devices are also arranged.

[0053] In this embodiment, the folding leaf hole disk 59 is arranged in an upward conical structure to guide the flow of the infiltrating water. In this embodiment, the angle between its inclined surface and the horizontal plane is also set at an inclined angle of 5°.

[0054] In this embodiment, the metering device 53 includes:

[0055] The second metering cylinder 531 has one upper end connected to the discharge port of the polygonal cone shell 56, and the lower end connected to the drain pipe 532;

[0056] The second fixing seat is arranged at the bottom of the second metering cylinder 531, and a second weighing seat 535 is provided at its upper end. The second weighing seat 535 is provided with a collecting cylinder 534, and the lower end of the collecting cylinder 534 is connected to a flow control valve tube 536, and the flow control valve tube 536 points to the upper pipe opening of the drain pipe 532.

[0057] In this embodiment, the drainage pipe 532 is arranged to be inclined downward, and a seepage enhancement hole 533 is provided at its outer pipe opening.

[0058] In the specific implementation: a 320cm deep soil profile is dug in the sample site, and from top to bottom, it is divided into the soil layer to be tested. The height is set to 200cm, the height of the soil structure adjustment layer = the height of the capillary water holding part = 65cm, the height of the diversion part + the height of the metering device = 55cm, and the diameter length of the capillary water holding part is set to 30cm. From bottom to top, the metering device and the capillary water holding part are embedded close to one side of the complete profile, so that the upper edge of the capillary water holding part is 200cm above the ground. The amount of seepage water at a depth of 200cm in the soil layer to be tested passes through the capillary water holding part and the diversion part, and is recorded in real time in the metering device. The probes of soil moisture sensor EC-5 were respectively inserted into the section 40cm outside at the depth of 10cm, 30cm, 60cm, 90cm, 120cm, 150cm and 200cm to continuously monitor the volumetric moisture content of soil; after installation, the original soil was backfilled and compacted after watering; a data acquisition device was set up on the ground nearby, which included an AV-3665R rain gauge with an accuracy of 0.2mm to record the in-situ rainfall, and a CR200s series data collector to record the data of rainfall, seepage and soil moisture every 30 minutes.

[0059] In addition, when the sample site is a mobile sand land, the above-mentioned monitoring equipment for recording the seepage process of the 50cm deep sand layer and the 100cm deep sand layer is installed near the depth of 200cm. The soil profile depths are 170cm and 220cm respectively. The installation method is the same as the installation steps of the above-mentioned monitoring equipment at a depth of 200cm.

[0060] As described above, it is only a preferred specific embodiment of the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the invention, according to the technical solution of the invention and its inventive concept, making equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in sandy areas of arid regions, characterized in that, It includes: A soil moisture sensor (3), distributed in the soil layer to be measured (1); A leakage monitoring device (5), arranged in the soil structure adjustment layer (2), which includes a capillary water holding part (51) with its upper end closely attached to the lower surface of the soil layer to be measured (1), a rising monitoring component (52) arranged in the capillary water holding part (51), a diversion part (54) for diverting the seepage water below the capillary water holding part (51), and a metering device (53) for metering and monitoring the diverted water of the diversion part (54); And A data acquisition device (4), used for acquiring and recording the data of the soil moisture sensor (3) and the leakage monitoring device (5); The rising monitoring component (52) includes: A first metering cylinder (521), which is internally provided with multiple sections of first fixed seats, and each of the first fixed seats is respectively provided with a first weighing seat (528). A first collecting cylinder (526) is arranged on the first weighing seat (528). The lower port of the first collecting cylinder (526) is connected with a first flow control valve pipe (527), and the drainage port of the first flow control valve pipe (527) is placed into the upper port of the first collecting cylinder (526) below it. A regular triangular prism pipe (522) is also communicated at the upper end of each first collecting cylinder (526). The inner end of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) is fixedly embedded with the cylinder wall of the first metering cylinder (521), and seepage holes (523) are arranged on the regular triangular prism pipe (522); A second one-way water permeable membrane (524), arranged on the inner pipe wall of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) to block the seepage holes (523), allowing external moisture to enter the inside of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) unidirectionally.

2. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section tip of the regular triangular prism pipe (522) points downward, and the seepage holes (523) are opened on the transverse two-side pipe planes of the regular triangular prism pipe (522).

3. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid sandy shrubbery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The regular triangular prism pipe (522) is inclined.

4. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid area sandy shrubbery according to claim 3, characterized in that, A cotton thread (525) is laid at the lower edge line inside the regular triangular prism pipe (522) and placed inside the first collecting cylinder (526).

5. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The regular triangular prism pipes (522) axially distributed in each first metering cylinder (521) are arranged in a staggered manner.

6. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid sandy shrubbery according to claim 1, characterized in that The diversion part (54) includes: A multi-pyramid shell cover (56), the upper port of its upper curved arc cone shell is connected with a right-angle ring (55), and the right-angle ring (55) is used for connecting and fixing with the outer wall of the capillary water holding part (51). The upper port of its lower curved arc cone shell is connected with a stepped top ring (57), and a diversion cavity communicated with the inner cavity of the multi-pyramid shell cover (56) is clamped between the stepped top ring (57) and the right-angle ring (55); A support bracket (58), arranged on the upper inner ring wall of the stepped top ring (57), with a top ball (511) in the middle. There is a folding leaf hole disc (59) around the top ball (511), and a surrounding tooth ring (510) is hermetically enclosed on the outer folding edge of the folding leaf hole disc (59); and A first one-way water permeable membrane (512), closely arranged on the lower side of the folding leaf hole disc (59), allowing the moisture below the folding leaf hole disc (59) to flow into the upper part of the folding leaf hole disc (59) unidirectionally.

7. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid sandy shrubbery according to claim 6, wherein, The folding leaf hole disc (59) is arranged in an upward conical structure.

8. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of shrub forests in arid sandy areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metering device (53) includes: Measuring cylinder two (531), one side of its upper end is correspondingly connected to the drainage port of the multi-pyramid shell cover (56), and its lower end is connected with a drain pipe (532); Fixing seat two, arranged at the inner bottom of the measuring cylinder two (531), a weighing seat two (535) is provided at its upper end, a collecting cylinder two (534) is provided on the weighing seat two (535), and a flow control valve pipe two (536) is connected to the lower port of the collecting cylinder two (534), and the flow control valve pipe two (536) points to the upper pipe orifice of the drain pipe (532).

9. The integrated monitoring device for the hydrological process of arid sandy land shrubbery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drain pipe (532) is arranged obliquely downward, and an infiltration enhancement hole (533) is also provided at its outer pipe orifice.

Images