A Miniaturized Planar Slot Antenna with Large Frequency Ratio and Multiple Frequency Bands Based on a Reusable Structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna based on a multiplexing structure, belonging to the field of microwave devices. It is composed of a metal radiation layer, a substrate integrated waveguide, and a ground layer; a pair of L-shaped slots are symmetrically opened at the center of the metal radiation layer, and the inner sides of the pair of L-shaped slots are respectively connected to wide connection slots; the pair of wide connection slots are respectively connected to low-frequency radiation slots; the end parts of the pair of low-frequency radiation slots are respectively connected to the outer sides of the closed ends of U-shaped slots, and the closed ends of the U-shaped slots and the short-side slots in the opposite L-shaped slots are connected by narrow connection slots; the short-side end parts of the pair of U-shaped slots are respectively connected to short isolation slots, and the long-side end parts are respectively connected to long isolation slots; medium-frequency radiation slots, medium-low-frequency radiation slots, and medium-high-frequency radiation slots forming a mountain-shaped medium-frequency radiation structure are also respectively connected inside the U-shaped slots; all the slots form a common radiator. The planar slot antenna realizes simultaneous coverage of the Sub-6 band and the millimeter-wave band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of microwave devices, and particularly relates to a planar slot antenna with a miniaturized large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, higher requirements are imposed on the performance of antennas. The wavelength in the Sub-6 frequency band is relatively long, the electromagnetic wave has good penetration, microwave components are mature, and the system development cost is low. The wavelength in the millimeter wave frequency band is relatively short, with a wide bandwidth, low delay, and fast data transmission rate. However, few antennas can cover both the Sub-6 frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band, which are the key frequency bands for 5G wireless communication. There are mainly three problems with existing multi-band antennas: (1) The frequency bands are relatively concentrated. Common multi-band antennas have frequency bands concentrated near a certain frequency band, and there are few antennas with a large frequency ratio; (2) The size is relatively large. In order to achieve a large frequency ratio, common multi-band antennas usually have difficulty in well controlling the size of the antenna; (3) The structure is complex. In order to meet a certain specific frequency band, common multi-band antennas usually have difficulty in being realized with a simple structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to achieve simultaneous coverage of the Sub-6 frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band, the present invention provides a planar slot antenna with a miniaturized large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure.

[0004] A planar slot antenna with a miniaturized large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure is composed of a metal radiation layer 1, a substrate integrated waveguide 2, and a ground layer 3;

[0005] A pair of L-shaped slots 11 are symmetrically opened at the center of the outer periphery of the metal radiation layer 1, and the short side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 are opposite to each other, and the long side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 are opposite to each other, forming an open rectangular frame shape;

[0006] The inner sides of the long side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 are respectively connected to wide connection slots 12, and the wide connection slots 12 are perpendicular to the long side slots to which they are connected;

[0007] The pair of wide connection slots 12 are respectively connected to the middle parts of low-frequency radiation slots 13; the low-frequency radiation slots 13 are linear slots, and one end of the linear slot is a right-angled bent edge; the right-angled bent edges of the pair of low-frequency radiation slots 13 are respectively parallel to the short side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 and opposite to each other;

[0008] The end parts of the right-angled bent edges of the pair of low-frequency radiation slots 13 are respectively connected to the outer sides of the closed ends of U-shaped slots 14, so that the open ends of the pair of U-shaped slots 14 are opposite to each other; the closed ends of the U-shaped slots 14 and the short side slots in the opposite L-shaped slots 11 are connected by narrow connection slots 15, so that the wide connection slots 12 and the narrow connection slots 15 form a whole;

[0009] One side of the U-shaped slot 14 is a short side, and the other side is a long side; the short side ends of a pair of U-shaped slots 14 are respectively connected to short isolation slots 16, and the short isolation slots 16 form a 45-degree angle with the short side; the long side ends of a pair of U-shaped slots 14 are respectively connected to long isolation slots 17, and the long isolation slots 17 form a 45-degree angle with the short side; the short isolation slots 16 and the long isolation slots 17 are parallel;

[0010] The closed ends in the U-shaped slots 14 adjacent to the narrow connection slots 15 are respectively connected to one end of an intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, one end of a medium-low-frequency radiation slot 19, and one end of a medium-high-frequency radiation slot 110; the intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, the medium-low-frequency radiation slot 19, and the medium-high-frequency radiation slot 110 are parallel, and are all parallel to the long side of the U-shaped slot 14; the intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, the medium-low-frequency radiation slot 19, and the medium-high-frequency radiation slot 110 form a mountain-shaped intermediate-frequency radiation structure;

[0011] There are 50 metal cylinders 21 provided on the periphery of the substrate integrated waveguide 2, and the 50 metal cylinders 21 are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer 1 and the ground layer 3; the middle part of the substrate integrated waveguide 2 is connected to 2 coaxial feeders 22, and the 2 coaxial feeders 22 are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer 1 and the ground layer 3;

[0012] All the slots on the metal radiation layer 1 form a common radiator;

[0013] The input end of the planar slot antenna is the coaxial feeder 22, and the output end is the metal radiation layer 1;

[0014] When the size of the planar slot antenna is 15 mm × 12 mm × 0.51 mm, electromagnetic waves in three frequency bands of 5.5 GHz, 28 GHz, and 77 GHz are radiated, realizing simultaneous coverage of the Sub-6 frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0015] The further technical solutions are as follows:

[0016] At a position 0.5 mm away from the edge around the substrate integrated waveguide 2, 50 metal cylinders 21 are evenly distributed. The radius of the metal cylinder 21 is 0.25 mm, the height is 0.5 mm, and the distance between adjacent metal cylinders 21 is 1 mm.

[0017] The 2 coaxial feeders 22 and the geometric center of the metal radiation layer 1 are symmetric, and the angles with the horizontal direction are 100° and 80° respectively.

[0018] The slot width of the L-shaped slot 11 is 0.1 mm, the length of the short side slot is 6.8 mm, and the length of the long side slot is 13 mm.

[0019] The slot depth of the low-frequency radiation slot 13 is 0.017 mm, the slot width is 0.4 mm, the slot length is 1.3 mm, and the length of the right-angle bent edge is 12 mm.

[0020] The slot depth of the U-shaped slot 14 is 0.017 mm. The width of one side of the U-shaped slot 14 is 0.3 mm, and the widths of the other side and the bottom side of the U-shaped slot 14 are both 0.4 mm.

[0021] The input port return loss parameter ∣S 11 ∣ in the frequency bands of 5.2 - 5.8 GHz, 27.5 - 28.9 GHz, 31.4 - 32.2 GHz, and 75.6 - 78 GHz, the value of S 11 is less than -10 dB.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0023] 1. The antenna of the present invention overcomes the disadvantage that it is difficult to integrate the Sub-6 band with millimeter waves, has a frequency span ratio greater than 10, and exhibits good gain. The maximum gain of the antenna at 5.2 - 5.8 GHz is 2.1 dB, the maximum gain at 27.6 - 28.9 GHz is 10.2 dB, the maximum gain in the frequency band of 31.4 - 32.2 GHz is 10.2 dB, and the maximum gain of the antenna at 75.6 - 78 GHz is 11.5 dB.

[0024] 2. The antenna of the present invention uses differential feeding. All the slots form an integral body to radiate electromagnetic waves, generating frequency bands of Sub-6 (5.2 - 5.8 GHz), millimeter waves (27.6 - 28.9 GHz), (31.4 - 32.2 GHz), and (75.6 - 78 GHz). Each frequency band is generated by multiplexing different slot structures.

[0025] 3. The antenna of the present invention integrates three frequency bands with extremely large frequency span ratios on a single antenna and can be used in 5G wireless communication and vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radars in practical applications, having a relatively rich application space.

[0026] 4. The antenna of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy integration, and miniaturization, and can better meet the actual application requirements. Based on the mature processing technology of the dielectric substrate, the cost is low, the manufacturing process is simple, and the yield is high, which can meet the requirements of low cost for the three-band antenna with a large frequency ratio.

[0027] 5. The antenna of the present invention divides the radiation structure into two inner and outer layers through two pairs of rectangular slots to reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation slots in the inner layer on the high-frequency radiation slots in the outer layer. Among them, the inner-layer radiation slots are of a fully enclosed structure, and the entire radiation structure is centrosymmetric about the center of the metal radiation layer. The new radiation structure realizes the integration of radiation structures in multiple frequency bands on a smaller size through the reuse of slots. After changing the inner-layer radiation slots into a fully enclosed structure, the influence of the low- and medium-frequency radiation structure on the high-frequency radiation structure is reduced, and the concentration of the radiation energy of the high-frequency structure is increased, thereby reducing the sidelobes of the radiation pattern. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide structure.

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the ground layer structure.

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the L-shaped slot structure.

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the rectangular slot structure.

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the l-shaped slot structure.

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the U-shaped slot structure.

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the rectangular slot structure connected by U-shaped slots.

[0036] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the rectangular slot structure inside the U-shaped slot.

[0037] Figure 10 S-parameter simulation result diagram for the Sub-6 (5.2 - 5.8 GHz) frequency band during operation; S 11 Reflection coefficient diagram.

[0038] Figure 11 S-parameter simulation result diagram for the millimeter-wave (27.6 - 28.9 GHz, 31.4 - 32.2 GHz) frequency band during operation; S 11 Reflection coefficient diagram.

[0039] Figure 12 S-parameter simulation result diagram for the millimeter-wave (75.6 - 78 GHz) frequency band during operation; S 11 Reflection coefficient diagram.

[0040] Figure 13The antenna gain radiation pattern at Sub-6 (5.75 GHz).

[0041] Figure 14 The antenna gain radiation pattern at millimeter wave (28 GHz).

[0042] Figure 15 The antenna gain radiation pattern at millimeter wave (31.8 GHz).

[0043] Figure 16 The antenna gain radiation pattern at millimeter wave (78 GHz).

[0044] Figure 1 - Serial numbers in the figure: metal radiation layer 1, substrate integrated waveguide 2, ground layer 3, L-shaped slot 11, wide connection slot 12, low-frequency radiation slot 13, U-shaped slot 14, narrow connection slot 15, short isolation slot 16, long isolation slot 17, medium-frequency radiation slot 18, medium-low-frequency radiation slot 19, medium-high-frequency radiation slot 110, metal cylinder 21, coaxial feeder 22. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through embodiments. Embodiment

[0046] See Figure 1 , a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna based on a multiplexing structure is composed of a metal radiation layer 1, a substrate integrated waveguide 2, and a ground layer 3. The material of the substrate integrated waveguide 2 is Rogers 5880, and the materials of the metal radiation layer 1 and the ground layer 3 are aluminum.

[0047] See Figure 4 , a pair of L-shaped slots 11 are symmetrically arranged at the center on the outer periphery of the metal radiation layer 1, and the short-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 are opposite to each other, and the long-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11 are opposite to each other, forming an open rectangular frame shape.

[0048] The slot width of the L-shaped slot 11 is 0.1 mm, the length of the short-side slot is 6.8 mm, and the length of the long-side slot is 13 mm.

[0049] See Figure 5 , the long-side slots inside the pair of L-shaped slots 1 are respectively connected to wide connection slots 12, and the wide connection slots 12 are perpendicular to the connected long-side slots.

[0050] See Figure 6 , the pair of wide connection slots 12 are respectively connected to the middle parts of the low-frequency radiation slots 13; the low-frequency radiation slots 13 are linear slots, and one end of the linear slot is a right-angled bent edge; the right-angled bent edges of the pair of low-frequency radiation slots 13 are respectively parallel to the short-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots 11.

[0051] The slot depth of the low-frequency radiation slot 13 is 0.017 mm, the slot width is 0.4 mm, the slot length is 1.3 mm, and the length of the right-angle bent edge is 12 mm.

[0052] See Figure 7 , the end parts of the right-angle bent edges of a pair of low-frequency radiation slots 13 are respectively connected to the outer sides of the closed ends of the U-shaped slots 14, so that the open ends of the pair of U-shaped slots 14 face each other; the closed ends of the U-shaped slots 14 and the short-side slots in the opposite L-shaped slot 1 are connected by narrow connection slots 15, so that the wide connection slot 12 and the narrow connection slot 15 form a whole.

[0053] The slot depth of the U-shaped slot 14 is 0.017 mm, the width of one side slot of the U-shaped slot 14 is 0.3 mm, and the widths of the other side slot and the bottom side slot of the U-shaped slot 14 are both 0.4 mm.

[0054] See Figure 8 , one side of the U-shaped slot 14 is a short side, and the other side is a long side; the short ends of a pair of U-shaped slots 14 are respectively connected to short isolation slots 16, and the short isolation slots 16 form a 45-degree angle with the short sides; the long ends of a pair of U-shaped slots 14 are respectively connected to long isolation slots 17, and the long isolation slots 17 form a 45-degree angle with the short sides; the short isolation slots 16 and the long isolation slots 17 are parallel.

[0055] See Figure 9 , one ends of the intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, the intermediate-low-frequency radiation slot 19 and the intermediate-high-frequency radiation slot 110 are respectively connected to the closed ends in the U-shaped slot 14 adjacent to the narrow connection slot 15; the intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, the intermediate-low-frequency radiation slot 19 and the intermediate-high-frequency radiation slot 110 are parallel, and are all parallel to the long side of the U-shaped slot 14; the intermediate-frequency radiation slot 18, the intermediate-low-frequency radiation slot 19 and the intermediate-high-frequency radiation slot 110 form a mountain-shaped intermediate-frequency radiation structure;

[0056] All the slots on the metal radiation layer 1 form a common radiator.

[0057] See Figure 2 , at a distance of 0.5 mm from the edge around the substrate integrated waveguide 2, 50 metal cylinders 21 are evenly distributed and installed. The radius of the metal cylinder 21 is 0.25 mm, the height is 0.5 mm, and the distance between adjacent metal cylinders 21 is 1 mm. The 50 metal cylinders 21 are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer 1 and the ground layer 3. The middle part of the substrate integrated waveguide 2 is connected to two coaxial feeders 22, and the two coaxial feeders 22 are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer 1 and the ground layer 3.

[0058] The geometric centers of the two coaxial feeders 22 and the metal radiation layer 1 are symmetric, and the included angles with the horizontal direction are 100° and 80° respectively; the two coaxial feeders 22 are differentially fed, so that when operating in the Sub-6 frequency band, the low-frequency slot structures form a whole.

[0059] The input end of the planar slot antenna of the present invention is the coaxial feeder 22, and the output end is the metal radiation layer 1.

[0060] When the size of the planar slot antenna is 15 mm × 12 mm × 0.51 mm, electromagnetic waves in three frequency bands of 5.5 GHz, 28 GHz and 77 GHz are radiated, realizing simultaneous coverage of the Sub-6 frequency band and the millimeter wave frequency band.

[0061] In a limited area, a large number of slots are etched. The 0.4-mm slots are mainly used for radiating the Sub-6 frequency band, the 0.3-mm slots are mainly used for radiating the millimeter wave frequency band (28 GHz), and the 0.1-mm slots are mainly used for radiating the millimeter wave frequency band (78 GHz). However, since slots of different widths are connected as a whole through direct connection or rectangular slots, when radiating electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, it is radiated jointly by the whole.

[0062] The wavelength corresponding to the Sub-6 (6 GHz) frequency band is about 50 mm, the wavelength corresponding to the millimeter wave frequency band (28 GHz) is about 11 mm, the wavelength corresponding to the millimeter wave frequency band (32 GHz) is about 9 mm, and the wavelength corresponding to the millimeter wave frequency band (78 GHz) is about 4 mm. Therefore, the design sequence is Sub-6 first and then the millimeter wave frequency band, and the radiation slots in the low-frequency band are preferentially arranged at the center of the metal radiation layer 1, and then slots are added outward. Considering the limited radiation ability of a single slot and the fixed radiation frequency, the outermost 0.1-mm slot is connected to the radiation slots in the remaining low-frequency bands. Without affecting the low-frequency S parameters, the gain of each frequency band is improved, and the grating lobes at 78 GHz are optimized. There is a certain distance between the outer slots and the L-shaped slots and the edge of the metal radiation layer to ensure an effective path for high-frequency current.

[0063] After adjusting the size parameters of each part of a 5G large frequency ratio beam scanning antenna with a co-radiator in this embodiment, through calculation and electromagnetic field simulation, a verification simulation of a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna based on a multiplexing structure in this embodiment is carried out.

[0064] From Figure 10 It can be seen that in the low-frequency band of 5.2 GHz to 5.8 GHz, the ∣S 11 ∣ value of the antenna of the present invention is less than -10 dB; from Figure 11 It can be seen that in the middle frequency bands of 27.5 GHz - 28.9 GHz and 31.4 - 32.2 GHz, the ∣S 11∣ value is less than -10 dB; by Figure 13 It can be seen that in the high-frequency band of 75.6 GHz - 78 GHz, the ∣S 11 ∣ value of the antenna of the present invention is less than -10 dB.

[0065] See Figure 13 , the maximum gain of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns in the Sub-6 band is 2 dB. Almost the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns are similar, and there are fewer side lobes. The radiation pattern of a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna HFSS simulation model based on a multiplexing structure in this embodiment at 5.75 GHz is as Figure 13 shown.

[0066] See Figure 14 , the maximum gain of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns in the millimeter wave (28 GHz) band is 10.2 dB. The side lobes are concentrated and the number is small. Among them, the main lobe width of the E-plane radiation pattern is larger, and the main lobe width of the H-plane radiation pattern is smaller. The radiation pattern of a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna HFSS simulation model based on a multiplexing structure in this embodiment at 28 GHz is as Figure 14 shown.

[0067] See Figure 15 , the maximum gain of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns in the millimeter wave (31.9 GHz) band is 10.2 dB. The side lobes are concentrated and the number is small. Among them, the main lobe width of the E-plane radiation pattern is larger, and the main lobe width of the H-plane radiation pattern is smaller. The radiation pattern of a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna HFSS simulation model based on a multiplexing structure in this embodiment at 31.8 GHz is as Figure 15 shown.

[0068] See Figure 16 , the maximum gain of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns in the millimeter wave (78 GHz) band is 11.5 dB. The side lobes are dispersed and the number is large. Among them, the main lobe width of the H-plane radiation pattern is larger, and the main lobe width of the E-plane radiation pattern is smaller. The radiation pattern of a miniaturized large frequency ratio multi-band planar slot antenna HFSS simulation model based on a multiplexing structure in this embodiment at 78 GHz is as Figure 16 shown.

Claims

1. A miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure, characterized in that: The planar slot antenna is composed of a metal radiation layer (1), a substrate integrated waveguide (2), and a ground layer (3). A pair of L-shaped slots (11) are symmetrically opened at the center of the outer periphery of the metal radiation layer (1), and the short-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots (11) are opposite to each other, and the long-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots (11) are opposite to each other, forming an open rectangular frame shape. The inner sides of the long-side slots in the pair of L-shaped slots (11) are respectively connected to wide connection slots (12), and the wide connection slots (12) are perpendicular to the connected long-side slots. A pair of wide connection slots (12) are respectively connected to the middle parts of low-frequency radiation slots (13); the low-frequency radiation slots (13) are straight slots, and one end of the straight slot is a right-angled bent edge. The right-angled bent edges of a pair of low-frequency radiation slots (13) are respectively parallel to and opposite to the short-side slots in a pair of L-shaped slots (11). The end parts of the right-angled bent edges of a pair of low-frequency radiation slots (13) are respectively connected to the outer sides of the closed ends of U-shaped slots (14), so that the open ends of the pair of U-shaped slots (14) are opposite to each other; the closed end of the U-shaped slot (14) and the short-side slot in the opposite L-shaped slot (11) are connected by a narrow connection slot (15), so that the wide connection slot (12) and the narrow connection slot (15) form a whole. One side of the U-shaped slot (14) is a short side, and the other side is a long side; the short-side end parts of a pair of U-shaped slots (14) are respectively connected to short isolation slots (16), and the short isolation slots (16) form a 45-degree angle with the short side; the long-side end parts of a pair of U-shaped slots (14) are respectively connected to long isolation slots (17), and the long isolation slots (17) form a 45-degree angle with the short side; the short isolation slots (16) and the long isolation slots (17) are parallel. The closed ends in the U-shaped slots (14) adjacent to the narrow connection slot (15) are respectively connected to one end of a medium-frequency radiation slot (18), one end of a medium-low-frequency radiation slot (19), and one end of a medium-high-frequency radiation slot (110); the medium-frequency radiation slot (18), the medium-low-frequency radiation slot (19), and the medium-high-frequency radiation slot (110) are parallel, and are all parallel to the long side of the U-shaped slot (14); the medium-frequency radiation slot (18), the medium-low-frequency radiation slot (19), and the medium-high-frequency radiation slot (110) form a mountain-shaped medium-frequency radiation structure. All the slots on the metal radiation layer (1) constitute a common radiator. 50 metal cylinders (21) are provided on the periphery of the substrate integrated waveguide (2), and the 50 metal cylinders (21) are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer (1) and the ground layer (3); 2 coaxial feeders (22) are connected to the middle of the substrate integrated waveguide (2), and the 2 coaxial feeders (22) are respectively connected to the metal radiation layer (1) and the ground layer (3). The input end of the planar slot antenna is a coaxial feeder (22), and the output end is a metal radiation layer (1). When the size of the planar slot antenna is 15 mm × 12 mm × 0.51 mm, electromagnetic waves in three frequency bands of 5.5 GHz, 28 GHz, and 77 GHz are radiated to achieve simultaneous coverage of the Sub-6 band and the millimeter-wave band.

2. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: At a distance of 0.5 mm from the edge around the substrate integrated waveguide (2), 50 metal cylinders (21) are evenly distributed. The radius of the metal cylinder (21) is 0.25 mm, the height is 0.5 mm, and the spacing between adjacent metal cylinders (21) is 1 mm.

3. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two coaxial feeders (22) are symmetric with respect to the geometric center of the metal radiation layer (1), and the angles with the horizontal direction are 100° and 80° respectively.

4. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the slot of the L-shaped slot (11) is 0.1 mm, the length of the short-side slot is 6.8 mm, and the length of the long-side slot is 13 mm.

5. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the slot of the low-frequency radiation slot (13) is 0.017 mm, the width of the slot is 0.4 mm, the length of the slot is 1.3 mm, and the length of the right-angle bent edge is 12 mm.

6. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the slot of the U-shaped slot (14) is 0.017 mm, the width of one side of the U-shaped slot (14) is 0.3 mm, and the widths of the other side of the U-shaped slot (14) and the bottom slot are both 0.4 mm.

7. The miniaturized planar slot antenna with a large frequency ratio and multiple frequency bands based on a multiplexing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return loss parameter ∣S 11 ∣ of the planar slot antenna is less than -10 dB in the frequency bands of 5.2 - 5.8 GHz, 27.5 - 28.9 GHz, 31.4 - 32.2 GHz and 75.6 - 78 GHz. For S 11 in these bands, the value is less than -10 dB.

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