System for controlling the internal state of a roller mill

Abstract

A system for controlling the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) that rotates about an axis (60) for grinding a material charge (30) by tumbling the material in the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310) configured to engage the material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the system comprising: a state parameter extractor (450) configured to detect an event signature (S) in a time series of vibration sample values (Se(i), S(j), S(q)) P (r); Sp); the state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first time relationship (R) indicating the occurrence of the event signature and two other occurrences. T (r); T D ; FI (r)) data; and a regulator for based on the toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) and toe position error value (FI EFRR (r)) to control the angle toe position (FI(r), A TOE ).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of roller mills and to the monitoring of roller mills. The present invention also relates to the field of roller mill control. The present invention also relates to a device for monitoring the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a device for controlling the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a computer program for monitoring the internal state of a roller mill. The present invention also relates to a computer program for controlling the internal state of a roller mill. Background Art

[0002] In some industries, for example in mining, it is necessary to grind large pieces of material to reduce the size of individual pieces of the received material. Roller mills can achieve this grinding of the material.

[0003] A roller mill includes a housing that contains a charge material to be rolled and ground when the housing rotates. US2017 / 0225172A1 discloses that grinding in a roller mill can be inefficient, particularly when energy is wasted by impact without breaking particles, and that autogenous (AG) and semi-autogenous (SAG) mills sometimes operate in an unstable state because it is difficult to balance the feed rate of large particles into the roller mill with the consumption of the charge. According to US2017 / 0225172A1, in order to control the process, it is necessary to provide real-time information about the current state of the charge in the roller mill. US2017 / 0225172A1 discloses the use of rotor dynamics to determine the characteristics of the moving charge in the roller mill. According to US2017 / 0225172A1, a monitoring device for monitoring a roller mill is provided. The device includes vibration sensors mounted on two main bearings of the roller mill and on a thrust bearing of the roller mill, generating vibration signals corresponding to the bearings on which the sensors are mounted. These vibration signals are transmitted to an analyzer which analyzes the signals and displays the operating status of the roller mill numerically or graphically.

[0004] In US2017 / 0225172A1 Figure 5 In the invention, two orbital graphs are disclosed, one generated at time 1 and the other generated at time 2. According to US2017 / 0225172 A1, by observing the change in the orbital graph from time 1 to time 2, the operator of the grinding mill will observe that the amplitude of the vibration has been significantly reduced, and the orbital parameters or frequency or phase or progress or other characteristic changes in the orbital graph have also been significantly reduced. According to US2017 / 0225172 A1, this information will tell the operator that the overall operation of the grinding mill rotor and the composite charge being processed has undergone a very significant change. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the prior art, the problem to be solved is how to increase the efficiency of the grinding process in a roller mill.

[0006] The above-mentioned problem is solved by a method for generating information about the internal state of a roller mill (10) having a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material in the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310) configured to engage the material when the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising

[0007] generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating shell (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0008] detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0009] detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0010] According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0011] Detecting an event signature (S in the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) P (r); third occurrence of Sp);

[0012] Generate instructions

[0013] In the third occurrence (i.e. the event signature occurrence) and

[0014] between the first and second occurrences

[0015] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data.

[0016] The above mentioned problem is also solved by an electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information about the internal state of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing,

[0017] The roller mill monitoring system comprises:

[0018] A state parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0019] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 );

[0020] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0021] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0022] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0023] The housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate a signal indicating a housing speed (f ROT (j)), the housing speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the housing speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 An outline and schematic side view of a system including a tumble mill is shown.

[0025] Figure 2 is along Figure 1 Another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1 , showing a more detailed example of the middle portion of the housing.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of an example of an analysis device is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of the program memory and its contents.

[0028] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating one example of an analysis device.

[0029] Fig. 6A is a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0030] Figure 6B is a graphical representation of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0031] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a state parameter extractor.

[0032] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E is a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents, where Fig. 8A is part 1 of a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents, Figure 8B is part 2 of a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents, Figure 8C is part 3 of a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents, Fig.8D is part 4 of a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents, Fig. 8E Part 5 is a simplified illustration of an example of a memory and its contents.

[0033] Fig. 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of a state parameter extractor.

[0034] Fig.10 is shown for execution Fig. 9 A flowchart of an example of a method of step S#40.

[0035] Fig.11 Another example of the description method.

[0036] Fig.12 is shown for execution Fig. 9 A flowchart of an example of a method of step S#40.

[0037] Fig.13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1 , P2 , P3 , . . . , each position signal being indicative of a complete revolution of the monitored shell.

[0038] Fig.14 Another example of a cross-sectional view of a middle portion of a rotating mill housing during operation is shown.

[0039] Fig.15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a state parameter extractor.

[0040] Fig.16 is a diagram of an example of a visual indication of analysis results.

[0041] Fig.17 and Fig.18 is a diagram of another example of a visual indication of analysis results.

[0042] Fig.19A and Fig.19B Another example of a visual indication based on the analysis results of the internal state of the tumble mill is shown.

[0043] Fig. 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensated decimator.

[0044] Fig.21 It shows the operation Fig. 20 A flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating a sampler.

[0045] Fig.22A , Fig. 22B and Fig. 22C Show operation Fig. 20 A flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating a sampler.

[0046] Fig.23 Another example of a cross-sectional view of a middle portion of a rotating mill housing during operation is shown.

[0047] Fig.24 A schematic top view of another system including a tumble mill is shown.

[0048] Fig.25 A schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a tumble mill is shown.

[0049] Fig.26 A sketch and schematic top view of another embodiment of a system including a tumble grinder is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In the following, similar features in different examples will be indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0051] Figure 1A schematic and side view of a system 5 including a tumble mill 10 is shown. For example, the tumble mill 10 can be an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the tumble mill 10 can be a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill, for example. Another example of a tumble mill 10 is a ball mill 10. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of section AA is also shown. The cross-sectional view AA is also indicated by reference numeral 15. The tumbler mill 10 comprises a housing 20 having an inner housing surface 22 forming a chamber 25 for the grinding material.

[0052] In operation, the tumbling chamber 25 contains a charge 30 of material to be tumbled and ground. The purpose of grinding in a tumbling mill is to reduce the size of particles of solid material. This can be achieved, for example, by causing pieces of solid material to fall onto other pieces of solid material. Thus, the tumbling mill uses natural forces, namely gravity, to accelerate the impact of charge particles with other particles of the charge. According to some embodiments, the walls of the housing 20 include a strong material, such as steel, in order to withstand the impact of heavy particles, such as large pieces of ore tumbled in the chamber 25.

[0053] According to some embodiments, the wall of the housing 20 comprises an elastic material to reduce wear of the wall. According to some embodiments, the elastic material comprises rubber. According to some embodiments, the elastic material comprises a polymer, such as polyurethane. According to some embodiments, the inner housing surface 22 comprises a surface coating of an elastic material, such as rubber or polyurethane.

[0054] According to some embodiments, the housing 10 is supported on at least two bearings 40 and 50. The housing 20 is rotatable about an axis of rotation 60. In this regard, it should be noted that an axis is an imaginary line about which an object rotates (axis of rotation). The rotation of the housing is used to lift a portion of the charge, including particles of solid material, so that some of the solid particles can fall back onto another portion of the charge under the influence of gravity. Therefore, it is desirable to set the rotation speed f of the housing 20 to ROT A suitable value is selected so as to obtain a balance between the lifting action and the falling action of the charge 30. Figure 1 Section Fig.15 , arrow 62 indicates the direction of the gravitational force g associated with the rotating shell 20 and its charge 30. Thus, the internal state of the roller mill 10 depends in part on the balance between the gravitational force 62 and the centripetal force 65, which acts to press the portion of the charge 30 that is immobile relative to the internal shell surface 22 in a radial direction from the center (i.e., from the axis of rotation 60). In other words, during operation of the roller mill 10, the centripetal force acts to press a portion of the charge 30 against the shell inner surface 22, and the centripetal force depends on the rotational speed f of the shell 20. ROTIn this regard, it should be noted that the centripetal force acting on a piece of solid material in contact with the interior housing surface 22 depends on the inner diameter of the housing 20. When the gravitational force 62 acting on a particular piece of solid material 68 is greater than the portion 69 of the centripetal force acting on the piece of solid material 68 in a direction opposite to the gravitational force, the piece of solid material 68 will fall.

[0055] A vibration sensor 70 may be provided to generate a measurement signal S EA . Measurement signal S EA It may depend on mechanical vibration or shock pulses generated when the housing 20 rotates.

[0056] One example of system 5 is operable when vibration sensor 70 is securely mounted on or at a measuring point on roller mill 10. The measuring point may include a coupling to which sensor 70 may be securely or removably connected. Figure 1 In the example shown, the sensor 70 is mounted on the bearing 40. Alternatively, the sensor 70 may be mounted elsewhere on the roller mill, wherein the sensor 70 is capable of generating a measurement signal S according to mechanical vibrations or shock pulses generated when the housing 20 rotates. EA .

[0057] The roller mill 10 has an input side 80 for receiving pieces of solid material and an output side 90 for delivering output material 95 that has passed through the roller mill 10 .

[0058] The housing 20 may have a generally cylindrical middle portion 98, with the chamber 25 at the middle portion having an inner radius R MIC For example, the inner radius R MIC It can exceed 0.5 m. Alternatively, the inner radius R MIC Alternatively, the roller mill 10 may have a chamber middle inner diameter R of more than 8 meters. MIC The middle portion of the housing 20 has a length L from the input side 80 to the output side 90. MIC For example, the length of the middle shell L MIC According to one embodiment, the length L of the intermediate shell is MIC It should be noted that any inner radius R in this example MIC Can be used with any of the housing lengths L in this example MIC Combined.

[0059] Additionally, it should be noted that the housing 20 can have a polygonal middle portion 98. An example of such a polygonal housing shape is a housing having at least three housing wall portions that are connected to form the chamber 25 of the roller mill. In this case, it should be noted that for the purposes of this disclosure, a roller mill housing having a middle portion 98 having at least six housing wall portions that are connected to form the chamber 25a can be considered to have a generally cylindrical shape. Thus, for the purposes of this disclosure, a roller mill housing having a hexagonal middle portion 98 can be considered to have a generally cylindrical shape.

[0060] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the input side 80 includes a first input 100 for solid material pieces 110. The solid material 110 may include rock and ore pieces, which have various sizes. However, the solid material 110 fed into the first input 100 may have been processed so that there is a maximum solid material particle size. The maximum solid material particle size may be a certain maximum input solid particle volume V ISPM The solid material 110 may, for example, comprise ore chunks having a particle volume of up to ten (10) cubic dm3, ie individual input solid particles having a maximum input solid particle volume V of less than or at most ten (10) cubic dm3. ISP Alternatively, the maximum solid material particle size may be a certain maximum input solid particle diameter D ISPM Therefore, a single input solid particle has a maximum input solid particle diameter D of less than or at most 250 mm. ISP .

[0061] The particles may include useful minerals as well as minerals that are considered less useful. Less useful minerals may be referred to as waste minerals. In order to be able to separate useful minerals from waste minerals, the solid material 110 is ground in a roller mill 10. The ground output material 95 delivered from the roller mill 10 may include particles having a diameter of about 0.1 mm.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the roller mill 10 operates to perform dry grinding. According to one embodiment, the roller mill 10 is a ball mill that operates to perform dry grinding. According to one embodiment, the roller mill 10 is a ball mill that is used to grind particles of hard matter into a powder called cement. In this regard, it should be noted that Portland cement (a hydraulic cement) is made by heating limestone (i.e., calcium carbonate) and other materials (e.g., clay) in a process called calcination, which releases carbon dioxide molecules from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide or quicklime, which then chemically combines with other materials in the mixture to form calcium silicate and other cementitious compounds. According to one embodiment, the resulting hard matter is then ground into a powder together with a certain amount of gypsum using the above-mentioned ball mill 10 for dry grinding to make cement.

[0063] According to some embodiments, the roller mill 10 operates to perform grinding of a solid material 110. An example of a grinding process using a roller mill 10 that operates to perform grinding of a solid material 110 is a roller mill 10 in the mining industry. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 operates to perform grinding of a solid material 110 that includes a mixture of useful minerals and minerals that are considered less useful. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 is an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the mining industry roller mill 10 is a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill. According to some embodiments, the mining industry roller mill 10 is a ball mill 10.

[0064] According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 is an ore having a metal content. The average metal content in the solid material 110 may be, for example, higher than 0.1%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has an average metal content of more than 5% of the desired metal.

[0065] Alternatively, the average metal content in the solid material 110 may be, for example, 50%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has a desired metal content of more than 40%. According to some embodiments, the solid material 110 has a desired metal content of more than 40%, and the desired metal is iron. In this case, it should be noted that the desired metal content in the solid material 110 affects the charge density in the roller mill 10. Therefore, according to some embodiments, the charge density in the roller mill 10 may indicate the relationship between the desired metal and the waste mineral in the charge in the roller mill 10.

[0066] Thus, according to some embodiments, the grinding process may be facilitated by providing a liquid 120. One example of facilitating a grinding process by providing a liquid 120 is a roller mill for the mining industry. According to some embodiments, the liquid 120 enters the roller mill 10 at a second input end 130 of the input side 80 of the roller mill 10.

[0067] In the rotating shell 20 , an input mass of solid material 110 is mixed with an input liquid 120 to form a charge 30 .

[0068] When the density of the input liquid 120 is different from the density of the input solid material 110, the density of the charge 30 can be controlled by controlling the ratio of the input liquid 120 to the input solid material 110. Therefore, when the density of the input liquid 120 is lower than the density of the input solid material 110, the density of the charge 30 can be reduced by increasing the amount of the input liquid 120.

[0069] The input liquid 120 may include water. The density of water is about 997 kilograms per cubic meter. The density of the input solid material block is generally higher than the density of the input liquid. The input solid material block generally has a density of more than 1500 kilograms per cubic meter. The input solid material 110 may include an ore containing useful minerals mixed with other minerals.

[0070] An example of a useful mineral is a mineral containing a metal, such as aluminum or iron. The density of aluminum is about 2700 kg per cubic meter. The density of iron is about 7870 kg per cubic meter. The above-mentioned "other minerals" may include, for example, granite or other rock masses. The density of granite is about 2700 kg per cubic meter.

[0071] Table 1 provides some examples of solid materials and corresponding material properties.

[0072]

[0073] Table 1

[0074] In mineralogy, the term toughness describes a mineral's resistance to fracture, beading, cutting, or other forms of deformation.

[0075] A material is brittle if it breaks when stressed with only a small amount of elastic deformation and no significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials absorb relatively little energy before breaking, even high-strength materials.

[0076] A ductile material can be stretched or shaped by striking or applying pressure. A pliable material can be pulled or stretched by mechanical forces without breaking.

[0077] Compressive strength, or compressive strength, is the ability of a material or structure to withstand a load that tends to reduce its size. In contrast, tensile strength is the ability of a material or structure to withstand a load that tends to elongate. In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), while tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart).

[0078] The output side 90 of the roller mill 10 may include a separator for transferring the output material 95 to the output end 200 and for retaining the material pieces whose particle size exceeds the limit value. The separator may include a screen configured to screen out the material pieces whose particle size is less than a certain limit value to be transferred to the output end 200 as the output material 95. The ground output material 95 transferred from the roller mill 10 may include particles whose diameter is less than a certain limit output particle diameter. The limit output particle diameter may be 0.1 mm.

[0079] One measure of the production quality of the tumble mill 10 may be the proportion of output particles having a particle diameter less than 45 μm (μm means micrometers here), or the amount of output particles having a particle diameter less than 45 μm per hour.

[0080] In addition, it is desirable to obtain a highly efficient grinding process. One aspect of the efficiency of a grinding process is the amount of material ground per unit time. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize the number of kilograms / hour of ground solid material having a particle size less than a limit value. However, this value is typically metric tons / hour of solid material fed into the roller mill 10.

[0081] Another aspect of the efficiency of the grinding process is the amount of ground material per energy unit, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the grinding process. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize the output expressed in kg / kWh of ground solid material, the particle size of the ground solid material being less than a limit value. In this context, it should be noted that roller mills may typically have a power consumption in excess of 4 MW. Some roller mills have an average power consumption of 10 MW, and some roller mills may require a peak power consumption of 20 MW. In this context, it should be noted that when the roller mill has an average power consumption of 10 MW, the energy consumption is 10,000 kW-hours per hour. Therefore, when the roller mill is operated 24 hours a day for a year, even a small improvement in the energy efficiency of the grinding process (e.g., a one percent (1%) improvement) can save 6 million kW-hours of energy per year.

[0082] The efficiency of the grinding process in the tumble mill 10 depends on a number of variables that affect the internal conditions of the tumble mill 10. One variable that affects the efficiency of the grinding process in the tumble mill 10 is the filling level of the tumble mill 10. Therefore, it is desirable to control the inflow of input solid material 110 so as to achieve an optimal filling level.

[0083] In order to maximize the amount of output material 95 from the roller mill 10, it is therefore desirable to control the inflow of input material 110 so as to maintain optimal conditions for the roller milling process. The optimal internal conditions for the roller milling process may include a certain filling degree of the housing 20, i.e. a certain charge volume. Therefore, one variable that has an influence on the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 is the feed rate, i.e. the amount of solid material particles fed into the roller mill 10 per unit time.

[0084] Another variable that has an impact on the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10 is the mineralogical properties of the input solid material particles 110. In this regard, it should be noted that mineralogy is a branch of geology that specializes in the physical properties of minerals as well as the chemical and crystal structure of minerals. In addition, the mineralogical properties of the particles in the charge 30 are not constant over time, because the composition of the solid material 110 (e.g., ore from a mine) generally changes over time. Changes in the mineralogical properties of the particles in the charge 30 can affect the efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill 10. Therefore, due to changes in the mineralogical properties of the particles in the material charge 30, the efficiency of the grinding process may change over time. Therefore, if the charge of material remains unchanged, over a certain time span, the efficiency of the grinding process decreases, resulting in an increase in the charge volume in the mill 10. Therefore, unless the operator of the roller mill is fully informed of the current charge volume in the mill 10, there is also a risk of overloading, which in the worst case may lead to a complete stop of the grinding process.

[0085] Another variable that has an impact on the efficiency of the grinding process is the size distribution of the solid material particles 110 fed into the roller mill 10. According to some embodiments, the feeding of the solid material particles 110 is controlled so that a certain proportion of the solid material particles 110 provided on the first input end 100 have a single volume greater than one cubic decimeter, thereby improving the efficiency of the grinding process. It has been concluded that controlling the feeding of the solid material particles 110 so that a certain proportion of the solid material particles 110 provided on the first input end 100 have a single volume greater than one cubic decimeter increases the efficiency of the grinding process, especially when the roller mill is an AG mill or a SAG mill.

[0086] The housing 20 is generally opaque, i.e., it is not possible to visually inspect the charge in the housing during operation of the roller mill 10. Furthermore, the movement of the heavy ore being tumbled during operation of the roller mill 10 prevents the placement of a camera or other sensitive detector inside the housing 20.

[0087] It is an object of this document to describe a method and system for improved monitoring of internal conditions of a roller mill during operation. It is another object of this document to describe a method and system for an improved human-machine interface (HCI) related to the internal conditions of a roller mill during operation. It is another object of this document to describe a method and system for an improved graphical user interface related to the grinding process in a roller mill 10.

[0088] The inventors have realized that during the operation of the roller mill 10, there may be mechanical vibrations V IMP , indicating an impact between a protrusion (e.g., a lifter) on the inner surface of the rotating shell 20 and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30. The inventors also considered that this mechanical vibration VIMP The current internal state of the tumble mill 10 and / or the current state of the grinding process may be indicated. When a protrusion (e.g., lifter) interacts with particles in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 in the chamber 25, a mechanical vibration V is generated. IMP The impact force F of the interaction between the rotating elevator and the material charge 30 IMP The impact causes at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 to accelerate, which impact causes a mechanical shock vibration V IMP In fact, the impact force F IMP Can cause mechanical shock vibration V IMP , which indicates the current internal state of the roller mill 10 and / or indicates the current state of the grinding process.

[0089] The sensor 70 placed outside the chamber 25 can detect vibrations caused by the interaction of particles of the charge 30 in the chamber 25 during operation of the tumble mill 10. Figure 1 The sensor 70 can generate a measurement signal S according to the mechanical vibration or impact pulse generated when the housing 20 rotates. EA Therefore, the measured signal S EA The impact force F between the protrusion (eg, lifter) and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 during operation of the tumble mill 10 may depend on and be indicative of the impact force F between the protrusion (eg, lifter) and at least one particle in the toe 205 of the material charge 30 during operation of the tumble mill 10. IMP .

[0090] The sensor 70 may be, for example, an accelerometer 70 configured to generate a measurement signal S EA The amplitude of the measured signal depends on the impact force F IMP The inventors concluded that there may be mechanical vibrations V indicating the current internal state of the roller mill 10 and / or the current state of the grinding process. IMP , but conventional methods for measuring vibrations and / or for analyzing and / or for visualizing such vibrations may hitherto be inadequate.

[0091] An analysis device 150 is provided for monitoring the tumbling process. The analysis device 150 can be used to monitor the tumbling process according to the measurement signal S EA Generate information indicating the internal state of the tumbling process. Generate measurement signal S EA The sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 in order to transmit the measurement signal S EA The analyzing device 150 also has a second input terminal 160 for receiving a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. P .

[0092] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. PAs described above, the housing 20 can rotate around the rotation axis 60, so the position sensor 170 can generate a series of housing position signal values ​​P S The position signal E P , used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the housing 20. The position mark 180 can be set on the outer surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each rotation of the housing, so that the position sensor 170 generates a rotation mark signal P S This rotation mark signal P S The analysis device 150 can be in the form of an electrical pulse having an edge that can be detected precisely and indicates a specific rotational position of the housing 20 being monitored. P The speed f of the housing 20 is generated ROT For example, by detecting the rotation mark signal P S When the position sensor 170 is an optical device (e.g., a laser transmitter), the position marker 180 may be, for example, an optical device 180 (e.g., a reflector 180) configured to generate a rotational marker signal P when the intensity of the laser reflection changes due to the laser beam irradiating the reflector 180. S Alternatively, when the position sensor 170 is a device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field, the position marker 180 may be, for example, a magnetic device 180, such as a strong magnet 180. An example of a device configured to detect a changing magnetic field is a device including an induction coil that generates a current in response to a changing magnetic field. Thus, the device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field is configured to generate a rotation marker signal P when passing the magnetic device 180. S Alternatively, the position sensor 170 may be implemented by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20 so that the encoder generates, for example, a flag signal P for each rotation of the rotating mill housing 20. S .

[0093] The system 5 may include a control room 220 that allows a grinding machine operator 230 to operate the tumbling mill 10. The analysis device 150 may be configured to generate information indicative of an internal state of the tumbling mill 10. The analysis device 150 also includes a device human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for enabling user input and user output. The HCI 210 may include a display or screen 210S for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicative of an internal state of the tumbling process for enabling the operator 230 to control the tumbling mill.

[0094] The roller mill feed controller 240 is configured to deliver a solid material feed rate set point R SSP , and can also optionally pass a liquid feed rate set point R LSP According to some embodiments, the set point value R SSP Set by operator 230. According to some embodiments, the set point value R LSP is also set by the operator 230. Thus, the roller mill feed controller 240 may include a mill feed user input / output interface 250, which enables the operator to adjust the solid material feed rate R S and / or liquid feed rate R L .

[0095] As described above, the input side 80 of the roller mill includes a first input end 100 for a solid material block 110, and optionally, the input side 80 may also have a second input end 130 for a liquid 120 (e.g., water) to enter the chamber 25. The solid material 110 may be delivered to the first input end 100 by a conveyor belt 260. The conveyor belt 260 is operated at a conveyor belt speed, and the solid material feed rate R S A solid material 110 is delivered to the first input 100 .

[0096] During the operation of the roller mill 10, under certain internal conditions of the roller mill 10, the solid material feed rate R S It can be, for example, 10,000 kg per minute. Similarly, during the operation of the roller mill 10, under certain internal conditions of the roller mill 10, the liquid feed rate R L It could be, for example, 1000 kg per minute.

[0097] exist Figure 1 The liquid feed rate R is schematically shown by the symbol of the controllable valve 270. L The controllable valve receives the liquid feed rate set point R from the roller mill feed controller 240. LSP . Similarly, in Figure 1 The solid material feeding rate R is schematically shown by the symbol of the controllable valve 280. SF The controllable valve receives the solid material feed rate set point R from the roller mill feed controller 240. SSP .

[0098] Figure 2 is along Figure 1 Another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2 shows a more detailed example of the middle portion 98 of the housing 20. The housing 20 has an inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25, the inner housing surface 22 including a plurality of protrusions 310. According to some embodiments, at least two protrusions 310 are provided. Figure 2The example housing 20 shown includes twelve protrusions 310 that are equally spaced from one another on the interior housing surface 22 of the housing 20. The protrusions 310 may be configured to engage and lift the material 30 as the housing rotates about the axis 60. Thus, the protrusions 310 may be referred to as lifters 310.

[0099] exist Figure 2 In the clockwise direction at a speed f ROT The housing 20 is shown during rotation. The lift 310 includes a structure, such as an internal structure, texture, bar, protrusion, etc., that protrudes from the housing inner surface 22 toward the center of the housing 20. The lift 310 (also referred to as a protrusion 310) has a leading edge 312 that engages and lifts the material charge 30 so that the material falls on its own within the internal chamber 25 as the roller mill 10 rotates about the axis 60. In one example, the lift 310 includes an elongated rod mounted on the internal housing surface wall 22 so as to at least partially line the internal housing surface 22 of the mill 10. In other examples, the lift 310 is integrally formed with the internal housing surface wall 22 as part of a single, integral body. According to some embodiments, the leading edges 312 of the protrusion 310 are equidistant. Thus, with reference to Figure 2 The example housing 20 shown includes twelve protrusions 310, wherein each protrusion 310 has a leading edge 312, and the angular distance between any two adjacent leading edges 312 is 30°. In this case, it should be noted that when there are L protrusions 310 on the inner housing surface 22, the L protrusions 310 are positioned so that the leading edges 312 of the protrusions 310 are equidistant, and the angular distance between any two adjacent leading edges 312 is 360 / L°.

[0100] exist Figure 2 In the example shown, the position sensor 170 is mounted in a fixed manner so as to generate a series of position signal values ​​P S The position signal E P , used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the housing 20. The position marking device 180 can be arranged on the outer wall surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each rotation of the housing, so that the position sensor 170 generates a rotation mark signal value P S .

[0101] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example of an analysis device 150 . The analysis device 150 has a function for receiving a simulated vibration signal S from a vibration sensor 70 . EA The input terminal 140 is connected to the analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. The A / D converter 330 samples the data at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal SEA Sampling is performed in order to deliver a signal having the specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD , and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling instant. The digital measurement data signal S is delivered at the digital output terminal 340 coupled to the data processing device 350 MD .

[0102] refer to Figure 3 , the data processing device 350 is coupled to a memory 360 for storing program codes. The program memory 360 is preferably a non-volatile memory. The memory 360 may be a read / write memory, i.e., data can be read from the memory and new data can be written to the memory 360. According to one example, the program memory 360 is implemented by a flash memory. The program memory 360 may include a first storage segment 370 for storing a first set of program codes 380, which is executable so as to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. The program memory 360 may also include a second storage segment 390 for storing a second set of program codes 394. The second set of program codes in the second memory segment 390 may include program codes for causing the analysis device 150 to process the detection signal. Signal processing may include processing for generating information indicating the internal state of the roller mill, as discussed elsewhere in this document. In addition, signal processing may include control of the internal state of the roller mill, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Therefore, signal processing may include generating data indicating the internal state of the roller mill, such as in combination with, for example Figure 5 , Fig.15 and / or Fig.24 An embodiment of the state parameter extractor 450 is disclosed.

[0103] The memory 360 may also include a third memory segment 400 for storing a third set of program codes 410. The program code group 410 in the third memory segment 400 may include program codes for causing the analysis device to perform a selected analysis function. When performing the analysis function, the analysis device may present corresponding analysis results on the user interface 210, 210S, or transmit the analysis results on the port 420.

[0104] The data processing device 350 is also coupled to a read / write memory 430 for data storage. Thus, the analysis device 150 includes a data processor 350 and program code for causing the data processor 350 to perform certain functions, including digital signal processing functions. When it is stated in this document that the device 150 performs a certain function or a certain method, the statement may mean that a computer program is run in the data processing device 350 to cause the device 150 to perform the method or function described in this document.

[0105] The processor 350 may be a digital signal processor. The digital signal processor 350 may also be referred to as a DSP. Alternatively, the processor 350 may be a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). Therefore, the computer program may be executed by the field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). Alternatively, the processor 350 may include a combination of a processor and an FPGA. Therefore, the processor may be configured to control the operation of the FPGA.

[0106] Figure 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of program memory 360 and its contents. The simplified illustration is intended to convey an understanding of the general idea of ​​storing different program functions in memory 360 and is not necessarily a correct technical teaching of the manner in which the program would be stored in a real memory circuit. A first memory section 370 stores program code for controlling the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. Although Figure 4 The simplified diagram of FIG. 3 shows pseudo code, but it should be understood that the program code can be a machine code or can be processed by the data processing device 350 ( Figure 3 ) consists of program code at any level of execution or interpretation.

[0107] Figure 4 The second memory segment 390 is shown storing a second set of program code 394. When executed on the data processing device 350, the program code 394 in the segment 390 will cause the analysis device 150 to perform a function, such as a digital signal processing function. The function may include a digital measurement data signal S MD Advanced mathematical processing.

[0108] The computer program for controlling the functions of the analysis device 150 can be downloaded from the server computer. This means that the program to be downloaded is transmitted via a communication network. This can be achieved by transmitting the program over the communication network by modulating a carrier wave. Thus, the downloaded program can be loaded into a digital memory, for example, the memory 360 (see Figure 3 and 4 ). Thus, program 380 and / or signal processing program 394 and / or analysis function program 410 may communicate with the user via, for example, port 420 ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 ) and other communication ports so that they can be loaded into the program memory 360.

[0109] Therefore, the present document also relates to a computer program product, for example program code 380 and / or program code 394 and / or program code 410, which can be loaded into the digital memory of the device. The computer program product comprises software code portions for performing the signal processing method and / or the analysis function when the product is run on the data processing unit 350 of the device 150. The term "running on the data processing unit" means that the computer program plus the data processing means 350 performs the method described in the present document.

[0110] The wording "computer program product loadable into the digital memory of the analysis device" means that the computer program can be introduced into the digital memory of the analysis device 150 in order to implement the analysis device 150 that is programmed to be able or suitable for performing the method described herein. The term "loaded into the digital memory of the device" means that the device programmed in this way is able or suitable for performing the functions described herein and / or the methods described in this document. The above-mentioned computer program product can also be a program 380, 394, 410 that can be loaded onto a computer-readable medium (e.g., a compact disk or DVD). Such a computer-readable medium can be used to transmit the program 380, 394, 410 to the client. As described above, alternatively, the computer program product can include a carrier wave that modulates the carrier wave to transmit the computer program 380, 394, 410 through a communication network. Therefore, the computer program 380, 394, 410 can be transmitted from the supplier server to the client having the analysis device 150 via Internet download.

[0111] Figure 5 is a block diagram showing one example of the analysis device 150. Figure 5 In the example of FIG. 3 , some functional blocks represent hardware, some functional blocks may represent hardware, or may represent functions implemented by running program codes on the data processing device 350, such as in combination with Figure 3 and 4 discussed.

[0112] Figure 5 The device 150 shows Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 An example of an analysis device 150 is shown in FIG. 1 . To simplify understanding, Figure 5 Also shown are some peripheral devices coupled to the device 150. The vibration sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 to transmit the analog measurement signal S EA (also called vibration signal S EA ) is transmitted to the analysis device 150.

[0113] Furthermore, a position sensor 170 is coupled to the second input terminal 160. Therefore, the position sensor 170 generates a position signal E depending on the rotational position of the housing 20.P is passed to a second input 160 of the analysis device 150 .

[0114] Input terminal 140 is connected to analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal SEA is sampled so as to transmit a signal having the specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD , and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling instant. The digital measurement data signal S is transmitted on the digital output terminal 340 MD , the digital output terminal is coupled to the data processing unit 440. The data processing unit 440 includes functional blocks that show the functions performed. In terms of hardware, the data processing unit 440 may include a data processing unit 350, a program memory 360 and a read / write memory 430, as described above in conjunction with Figure 3 and Figure 4 Therefore, Figure 5 The analysis device 150 may include a data processing unit 440 and program codes for causing the analysis device 150 to perform certain functions.

[0115] Digital measurement data signal S MD With position signal E P Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to sample the analog vibration signal S EA While sampling the position signal E P . Position signal E P The sampling frequency f can be used S To generate a digital position signal E PD , where the amplitude of each sample P(i) depends on the received analog position signal E at the sampling time P The amplitude.

[0116] As mentioned above, the simulated position signal E P Can have a marker signal value P S , for example, in the form of an electrical pulse, the marker signal value has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected and indicates a specific rotational position of the housing 20 being monitored. S has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected, but the digital position signal E PD The switching from a first value, eg, "0" (zero), to a second value, eg, "1" (one), will occur at different times.

[0117] Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to deliver a series of measurement value pairs S(i) associated with corresponding position signal values ​​P(i). The letter "i" in S(i) and P(i) represents a time point, i.e., a sample number. Therefore, the time series of position signal values ​​P(i) can be analyzed and the digital position signal E(i) can be identified. PD The sample P(i) has switched from a first value (eg, “0” (zero) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)) to detect the occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing.

[0118] Fig. 6A is a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter 330 .

[0119] Figure 6B is a graphical representation of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter 330. A first signal pair comprises a first vibration signal amplitude value S(n) associated with sampling instant "n", which is transmitted simultaneously with a first position signal value P(n), associated with sampling instant "n". This is followed by a second signal pair comprising a second vibration signal amplitude value S(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", which is transmitted simultaneously with a second position signal value P(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", and so on.

[0120] refer to Figure 5 , the signal pair S(i) and P(i) are transmitted to the state parameter extractor 450. The state parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate an amplitude peak value S based on the time series of the measured sample value S(i). P (r). Amplitude peak S P (r) may depend on the impact force F generated when the protrusion 310 on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interacts with the toe 205 of the material charge 30 IMP (See Figure 2 ).

[0121] The state parameter extractor 450 is further configured to calculate the peak value S based on the amplitude P The time duration (T) between the occurrence time of (r) and the occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating shell D ) to generate the time relationship value R T (j), also known as R T As described above, the time series of the position signal values ​​P(i) can be analyzed and the digital position signal E(i) can be identified. PD The occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing is detected by switching from a first value (eg, “0” (zero)) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)).

[0122] Figure 7 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a part of a state parameter extractor 450. According to an example, the state parameter extractor 450 comprises a memory 460. The state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to receive a sequence of measurement values ​​S(i) and a signal sequence of positions P(i) and a time relationship between them, and the state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to provide a time coupling value sequence S(i), f ROT (i) and P(i). Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) is related to the corresponding velocity value f ROT (i) Associated with the speed value f ROT (i) indicates the rotation speed of the housing 20 when the associated single measurement value S(i) is detected. This will be referred to below Figure 8A-Figure 13 Detailed description.

[0123] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents, and columns #01, #02, #03, #04, and #05 on the left-hand side of the illustration of memory 460 provide illustrative images intended to show the temporal relationship between the detection time of encoder pulse signal P(i) (see column #02) and the corresponding vibration measurement value S(i) (see column #03).

[0124] As described above, the analog-to-digital converter 330 uses the initial sampling frequency f S For the analog electrical measurement signal S EA Sampling is performed to generate a digital measurement data signal S MD . It is also possible to have essentially the same initial time resolution f S Detect the encoder signal P, such as FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E as shown in column #02.

[0125] Column #01 shows the time course as a series of time slots, each time slot having a duration dt=1 / f Sample ; where f Sample is related to the analog electrical measurement signal S EA The initial sampling frequency f for sampling S The sampling frequency has an integer relationship. According to a preferred example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the initial sampling frequency f S According to another example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the first reduced sampling frequency f SR1 , and the initial sampling frequency f S In comparison, it reduces the integer multiple M.

[0126] exist FIG. 8A to FIG. 8EIn column #02 of , each positive edge of the encoder signal P is represented by a "1". In this example, positive edges of the encoder signal P are detected in the 3rd, 45th, 78th and 98th time slots, as shown in column #02. According to another example, negative edges of the position signal are detected, which provides equivalent results to detecting positive edges. According to yet another example, both positive and negative edges of the position signal are detected in order to obtain redundancy by allowing a later selection of whether to use positive or negative edges.

[0127] Column #03 shows the sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(i). Column #05 shows the corresponding sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(j) when integer decimation is performed. Thus, when integer decimation is performed by this stage, it may be arranged, for example, to provide an integer decimation factor M=10, and as FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E As shown, for every ten samples S(i) (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E Column #03 in the table provides a vibration sample value S(j) (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E According to one example, very precise position and time information PT associated with the decimated vibration sample value S(j) is maintained by setting the PositionTime signal in column #04 to a value PT=3 to indicate that a positive edge was detected in time slot #03 (see column #02). Thus, the value of the PositionTime signal after integer decimation indicates the detection time of the position signal edge P relative to the sample value S(l).

[0128] exist FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example, the amplitude value of the position time (PositionTime) signal at sample i=3 is PT=3, and due to the decimation factor M=10, sample S(l) is transmitted in time slot 10, which means that the edge is detected in M-PT=10-3=7 time slots before the time slot of sample S(l).

[0129] Thus, the device 150 may be operable to process information about the positive edges of the encoder signal P(i) in parallel with the vibration samples S(i) in order to establish the velocity value f by detecting the analog signal. ROT The above signal processing maintains the time relationship between the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) and the corresponding vibration sample value S(i) and / or the integer-decimated vibration sample value S(j).

[0130] Fig. 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of the state parameter extractor 450 .

[0131] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 analyzes (step S#10) the time relationship between three consecutive received position signals to determine whether the monitored rotating housing 20 is in a constant speed phase or in an acceleration phase. As described above, this analysis can be performed based on the information in the memory 460 (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E ).

[0132] If the analysis shows that there are the same number of time gaps between the position signals, then the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (at step #20) that the speed is constant, in which case step S#30 is executed.

[0133] In step S#30, the state parameter extractor 450 can calculate the duration between two consecutive position signals by multiplying the duration of the time slot dt=1 / fs by the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals. When the monitored housing 20 provides a position signal once per full rotation, the rotation speed can be calculated as

[0134] V=1 / (n diff *dt),

[0135] Among them, n diff = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals. During the constant speed phase, all sample values ​​S(j) associated with the three analyzed position signals (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E Column #05) in can be assigned the same velocity value f ROT =V = 1 / (n diff *dt), as described above. Thereafter, step S#10 may be performed again for the next three consecutively received position signals. Alternatively, when step S#10 is repeated, the previous third position signal P3 will be used as the first position signal P1 (i.e., P1:=P3) to determine whether the speed is about to change.

[0136] If the analysis (step S#10) shows that the number of time slots between the first and second position signals is different from the number of time slots between the second and third position signals, the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (step S#20) that the monitored rotating housing 20 is in an acceleration phase. The acceleration can be positive, i.e., the rotational speed is increasing, or the acceleration can be negative, i.e., the rotational speed is decreasing, also known as deceleration.

[0137] In the next step S#40, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous speed values ​​during the acceleration phase and associates each measured data value S(j) with an instantaneous speed value Vp indicating the instantaneous speed at the time when the sensor signal (S) corresponding to the data value S(j) is detected. EA ) value is the rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored.

[0138] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by linear interpolation. According to another example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by non-linear interpolation.

[0139] Fig.10 is shown for execution Fig. 9 According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value for the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E 02 in ). Therefore, when

[0140] ● a position indicator P is transmitted once per revolution, and

[0141] ●The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0142] - the angular distance travelled by the rotating housing 20 between two mutually adjacent position indicators P is one (1) revolution, which can also be expressed as 360°, and

[0143] - Duration is T = n diff *dt,

[0144] ■ Among them, n diff is the number of time slots of duration dt between two mutually adjacent position indicators P.

[0145] refer to FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E , the first position indicator P is detected in time slot il = #03, and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i2 = #45. Therefore, the duration is n diff1 =i2-i1=45-3=42 time slots.

[0146] Therefore, in step S#60 (combined with FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E See also Fig.10 ), the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a first number of time slots n between the first two consecutive position signals P1 and P2, that is, between the position signal P(i=3) and the position signal P(i=45). diff1 .

[0147] In step S#70, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the first rotation speed value VT1. The first rotation speed value VTL can be calculated as

[0148] VT1=1 / (n diff1 *dt),

[0149] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0150] n diff1= the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0151] dt is the duration of a time slot, expressed in seconds.

[0152] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the middle time slot between two consecutive position signals (step S#80).

[0153] Therefore, in this example, in time slot i P1 = #03 detects the first position indicator P1, and in time slot i P2 = The next position indicator P2 is detected in #45; the first intermediate time slot is

[0154] Time Slot i P1-2 =i P1 +(i P2 -i P1 ) / 2=3+(45-3) / 2=3+21)=24.

[0155] Therefore, in step S#80, the first speed value VT1 can be assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=24) that represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the second position signal edge P (i=45) is detected, see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E .

[0156] The retroactive assignment of speed values ​​to time slots representing points in time between two consecutive position signals advantageously results in a significant reduction in the inaccuracy of the speed values. Although the prior art methods of obtaining instantaneous rotational speed values ​​of the roller mill shell 20 may be satisfactory for establishing constant speed values ​​at several mutually different rotational speeds, the prior art solutions appear to be unsatisfactory when used for establishing speed values ​​of the rotating roller mill shell 20 during an acceleration phase.

[0157] In contrast, the method according to the example disclosed in this document enables speed values ​​to be established with advantageously small inaccuracies even during acceleration phases.

[0158] In the subsequent step S#90, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a second number of time slots n between the next two consecutive position signals. diff2 .exist FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example, this is the number of slots n between slot 45 and slot 78. diff2 , that is, n diff2 =78-45=33.

[0159] In step S#100, the state parameter extractor 450 calculates the second rotation speed value VT2. The second rotation speed value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0160] VT2=Vp61=1 / (n diff2 *dt),

[0161] Among them, n diff2 = the number of time slots between the next two consecutive position signals P2 and P3. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example, n diff2 =33, that is, the number of time slots between time slot 45 and time slot 78.

[0162] Since it can be assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned (step S#110) to the intermediate time slot between two consecutive position signals.

[0163] Therefore, in FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example of , the calculated second speed value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, because 45+(78-45) / 2=61,5. Therefore, the speed at time slot 61 is set to

[0164] V(61):=VT2.

[0165] Thus, in this example, where one position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45 and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i3=#78; the second intermediate time slot is the integer portion of:

[0166] i P2-3 =i P2 +(i P3 -i P2 ) / 2=45+(78-45) / 2=45+33 / 2=61,5

[0167] Therefore, time slot 61 is the second middle time slot i P2-3 .

[0168] Therefore, in step S#110, the second velocity value VT2 can be advantageously assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=61) that represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the third position signal edge P (i=78) is detected, see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E This feature enables real-time monitoring of the rotational speed with a slight delay while achieving greater accuracy in detecting the speed.

[0169] In the next step S#120, the first acceleration value of the relevant time period is calculated. The first acceleration value can be calculated as:

[0170] a12=(VT2-VT1) / ((i VT2 -i VT1 )*dt)

[0171] exist FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example, the second speed value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, so i VT2 =61, the first speed value VT1 is assigned to time slot 24, so i VT1 =24.

[0172] Therefore, since dt = 1 / fs, the acceleration value can be set to

[0173] a12=fs*(VT2-VT1) / (i VT2 -i VT1 )

[0174] For the time period between time slot 24 and time slot 60, FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example.

[0175] In the next step S#130, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to associate the established first acceleration value a11 with the time slots in which the established acceleration value a12 is valid. This can be all time slots between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. Thus, the established first acceleration value a12 can be associated with each time slot of the duration between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E In the example, this is time slots 25 to 60. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E is shown in column #07.

[0176] In the next step S#140, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a velocity value for the measurement value s(j) associated with the duration for which the established acceleration value is valid. Thus, a velocity value is established for each time slot that

[0177] is associated with the measurement s(j), and

[0178] Associated with the established first acceleration value a12.

[0179] During linear acceleration, i.e. when the acceleration a is constant, the velocity at any given point in time is given by the following equation:

[0180] V(i)=V(i-1)+a*dt,

[0181] in,

[0182] V(i) is the instantaneous velocity at time slot i

[0183] V(i-1) is the instantaneous velocity at the time slot immediately before time slot i

[0184] a is the acceleration

[0185] dt is the duration of the time slot

[0186] According to one example, the speed of each time slot from time slot 25 to time slot 60 can be calculated continuously in this way, as FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E Thus, in this way, it is possible to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​Vp associated with the detected measurement values ​​Se(25), Se(26), Se(27) ... Se(59) and Se(60), which are associated with the acceleration value a12 (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E 8 in column #03 and time slots 25 to 60 in column #07). Thus, in this way, an instantaneous velocity value S(j) [see column #05] associated with the detected measurement values ​​S(3), S(4), S(5) and S(6) can be established, which are associated with the acceleration value a12.

[0187] According to another example, the instantaneous speed of time slot 30 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(3) may be calculated as:

[0188] V(i=30)=Vp30=VT1+a*(30-24)*dt=Vp24+a*6*dt

[0189] The instantaneous speed of time slot 40 associated with the first measurement s(j)=S(4) can be calculated as:

[0190] V(i=40)=Vp40=VT1+a*(40-24)*dt=Vp40+a*16*dt

[0191] or as:

[0192] V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)*dt=Vp30+a*10*dt

[0193] The instantaneous speed of time slot 50 associated with the first measurement s(j)=S(5) can then be calculated as:

[0194] V(i=50)=Vp50=V(40)+(50-40)*dt=Vp40+a*10*dt

[0195] And the instantaneous speed of time slot 60 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(6) can then be calculated as:

[0196] V(i=60)=Vp50+a*10*dt

[0197] As described above, when the measurement sample value S(i) associated with the established acceleration value [see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8EWhen column #03 in

[0045] has been associated with an instantaneous velocity value, a data array comprising a time series of measured sample values ​​S(i) can be delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(i), f ROT (i) is associated. Alternatively, if it is desired to decimate the sampling rate, this can be done as follows: As described above, when the measured sample value S(j) associated with the established acceleration value [see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E 5] has been associated with an instantaneous velocity value, a data array comprising a time series of measured sample values ​​S(j) may be transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(j), f ROT (j) associated.

[0198] refer to Fig.11 , describes another example of a method. According to this example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to record (see Fig.11 The position signal (E P ) such that between at least some of the recorded position signal values ​​(P(i)), for example, between a first position signal value P1(i) and a second position signal value P2(i), there is a first time relationship n diff1 According to one example, the second position signal value P2(i) is received and recorded in a time slot (i) which is n times after the first position signal value P1(i) is received. diffl time slots arrive (see Fig.11 Then, the third position signal value P3(i) is received and recorded (see step S#160 in FIG. Fig.11 Step S#170 in the above step) in time slot (i), which is n timeslot after receiving the second position signal value P2(i) diff2 time slot arrives.

[0199] like Fig.11 As shown in step S#180 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 may be operated to calculate the relationship value

[0200] a12=n diff1 / n diff2

[0201] If the relationship value a12 is equal to unity or substantially equal to unity, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to determine that the speed is constant and may continue to calculate the speed according to the constant speed phase method.

[0202] If the relation value a12 is greater than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed increase.

[0203] If the relation value a12 is less than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed reduction.

[0204] The relationship value a12 can be used to calculate the speed V2 at the end of the time series based on the speed V1 at the beginning of the time series, for example, as

[0205] V2=a12*V1

[0206] Fig.12 is shown for execution Fig. 9 According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P (see FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E 02 in ). Therefore, when

[0207] ● The position indicator P is transmitted once per revolution, and

[0208] ●The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0209] - the angular distance between two adjacent position indicators P is 1 revolution, which can also be expressed as 360°, and

[0210] - the duration is T = n*dt,

[0211] ■ wherein n is the number of time slots of duration dt between the first two mutually adjacent position indicators P1 and P2.

[0212] In step S#200, the first speed value VT1 can be calculated as

[0213] VT1=1 / (n diff1 *dt),

[0214] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0215] n diff1 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0216] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the initial sampling frequency f S The reciprocal of .

[0217] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the two consecutive position signals P(i) and P(i+n diff1 ) No. A middle time slot .

[0218] In step S#210, the second velocity value VT2 can be calculated as

[0219] VT2=1 / (n diff2 *dt),

[0220] Among them, VT2 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0221] n diff2 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0222] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the initial sampling frequency f S The reciprocal of .

[0223] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to two consecutive position signals P(i+n diff1 ) and P(i+n diff1 +n diff2 ) Second intermediate time slot .

[0224] After that, the speed difference V Delta can be calculated as

[0225] V Delta =VT2-VT1

[0226] The speed difference V Delta The value may be divided by the number of time slots between the second intermediate time slot and the first intermediate time slot. The resulting value indicates the velocity difference dV between adjacent time slots. Of course, as mentioned above, this assumes constant acceleration.

[0227] The instantaneous speed value associated with the selected time slot may then be calculated based on the first rotation speed value VT1 and a value indicative of the speed difference between adjacent time slots.

[0228] As described above, when the measured sample values ​​S(i) associated with the time slot between the first intermediate time slot and the second intermediate time slot have been associated with instantaneous speed values, a data array comprising a time sequence of measured sample values ​​S(i) is delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a speed value V(i). The instantaneous speed value V(i) may also be referred to as f ROT (i).

[0229] In summary, according to some examples, the first instantaneous speed value VT1 may be established according to the following factors:

[0230] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and depends on

[0231] The corresponding duration δ-Tp1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0232] After that, the second instantaneous speed value VT2 can be established based on the following factors

[0233] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 P2-P3 , and depends on

[0234] The corresponding duration δ-T p2-p3 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0235] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating housing 20 may be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2 .

[0236] In other words, according to the example, the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 ,δ-FI P2-P3 Two instantaneous speed values ​​VT1 and VT2 are established by the corresponding time durations between the three consecutive position signals, and thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating housing 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2.

[0237] Fig.13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., each position signal P indicating a complete revolution of the monitored housing 20. Thus, the time values ​​in seconds increase to the right along the horizontal axis.

[0238] The vertical axis indicates rotational speed, graded in revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0239] refer to Fig.13 , showing the effect of a method according to an example. The first instantaneous speed value V(t1)=VT1 can be established according to the following formula:

[0240] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal p1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and depends on

[0241] The corresponding duration δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 By dividing the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 Divide by the corresponding duration (t P2 -t P1 ) represents the speed V(t1) of the rotating shell 20 at the first intermediate time point t1, also called mtp (intermediate time point), as Fig.13shown.

[0242] Thereafter, the second instantaneous velocity value V(t2)=VT2 can be established according to the following formula:

[0243] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 depends on

[0244] The corresponding duration δ-T2-3 = t P3 -t P2 .

[0245] like Fig.13 As shown, by dividing the angular distance δ-FI by the corresponding duration (t P3 -t P2 ) represents the speed V(t2) of the rotating housing 20 at the second intermediate time point t2 (second mtp).

[0246] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the time value between the first intermediate time point and the second intermediate time point can be established by interpolating between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2, as shown in the curve f ROTint shown.

[0247] Mathematically, this can be expressed as the following equation:

[0248] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1)

[0249] Therefore, if the speed of the housing 20 can be detected at two time points (t1 and t2) and the acceleration a is constant, the instantaneous speed at any time point can be calculated. In particular, the housing speed V(t12) at time T12 (a time point after t1 and before t2) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0250] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1)

[0251] in,

[0252] a is the acceleration, and

[0253] t1 is the first intermediate time point t1 (see Fig.13 ).

[0254] The establishment of the speed value and the reference value as described above can be achieved by executing the corresponding method steps. Fig. 20 , Fig.21 and FIG. 22A to FIG. 22CThe compensation described is extracted, and this can be implemented by a computer program 94 stored in the memory 60, as described above. The computer program can be executed by the DSP 50. Alternatively, the computer program can be executed by a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA).

[0255] When the processor 350 executes the corresponding program code 380, 394, 410, the speed value f ROT The establishment of (i) may be performed by the analysis device 150, as described above in conjunction with Figure 4 As discussed. The data processor 350 may include a central processing unit 350 for controlling the operation of the analysis device 14. Alternatively, the processor 50 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350. According to another example, the processor 350 includes a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). The operation of the field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA) can be controlled by the central processing unit 350, which may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350.

[0256] Identification of data related to the toe of a charge in a roller mill

[0257] As described above, the roller mill housing 20 has an inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25, and the inner housing surface 22 includes a plurality of protrusions 310, also referred to as lifters, which can be configured to engage and lift the material 30 when the housing rotates about the axis 60 (see, e.g., Figure 2 ). The number of protrusions 310 disposed on the inner housing surface 22 facing the chamber 25 is denoted herein by the variable L. Although Figure 2 A case where there are twelve protrusions 310 is shown, i.e., L=12, but the number L of protrusions 310 may be higher or lower. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be at least one, i.e., the number L of protrusions 310 may be L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any number greater than L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any value in the range of L=2 to L=60. According to some embodiments, the number L of protrusions 310 may be any value in the range of L=2 to L=35.

[0258] The number L of protrusions 310 is an important factor related to analyzing the vibration caused by the rotation of the mill housing 20. The inventors have recognized that the interaction of the protrusions 310 with the toe of the charge forces the material of the charge to accelerate in the direction of motion of the protrusions 310, thereby causing the mechanical vibration V IMP The inventors have also recognized that this mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction of the protrusion 310 with the toe of the charge IMP will be repeated, that is, there is a repetition frequency f R . refer to Figure 2, it should be noted that it shows the rotating mill housing 20 when the protrusion 310C impacts the toe 205 of the material charge 30. The impact of the protrusion 310C on the bulk of the material in the toe 205 causes the bulk of the material in the toe to move in the direction A of the motion of the protrusion 310C. ACC The acceleration causes a force F on the leading edge surface of the protrusion 310C. IMP By the way, this impact force F IMP can be estimated to be an order of magnitude:

[0259] F IMP =m 205 *a 205

[0260] in,

[0261] m 205 is the mass of the accelerating toe,

[0262] a 205 is the magnitude of the acceleration at the toe.

[0263] Therefore, the measured signal S MD (See, for example, Figure 5 ) may include at least one vibration signal signature S of the vibration movement of the roller mill housing 20 depending on the rotational movement FIMP ; Wherein, the vibration signal signature S FIMP With repetition frequency f R , which depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20 ROT .

[0264] In addition, the vibration signal signature S FIMP The magnitude of the peak amplitude seems to depend on the impact force F IMP size.

[0265] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the vibration signal signature S FIMP The energy or magnitude measurement appears to indicate the impact force F IMP size.

[0266] The vibration signal signature S of the vibration movement of the mill housing 20 due to the rotational movement FIMP The presence of can thus provide an indication of the toe 205 of the charge of the monitored roller mill housing 20. In fact, the vibration signal signature S of the vibration movement of the mill housing 20 depending on the rotational movement FIMP An indication of the position of the toe 205 of the charge of the tumble mill housing 20 being monitored may be provided, the position being indicated relative to a reference position value.

[0267] The inventors concluded that the mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction of the protrusion 310 with the charge toe IMPThe repetition frequency f R Depending on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 and the rotation speed f of the housing 20 ROT .

[0268] When the roller mill housing 20 being monitored is Constant When the speed is rotating, this repetition frequency f R The discussion may be based on repetitions per time unit or on repetitions per rotation of the shell being monitored, without distinguishing between the two. However, if the roller mill shell 20 rotates at a variable speed, things become more complicated, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, for example, in conjunction with Fig. 20 , Fig.21 , Fig.22A , Fig. 22B and Fig. 22C In fact, it seems that even very small changes in the rotational speed of the mill housing may have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the detected signal, in terms of blurring of the detected vibration signal. ROT Very precise detection is crucial.

[0269] In addition, the inventors have realized that not only the mechanical vibration V IMP The amplitude of the mechanical vibration V IMP The occurrence time of the measurement signal S can indicate data related to the charging toe 205 in the roller mill. MD (See, for example, Figure 5 ) may include at least one vibration signal amplitude component S of the vibration movement of the roller mill housing 20 depending on the rotational movement FIMP ;

[0270] Among them, the vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP With repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency:

[0271] The rotational speed f of the roller mill housing 20 depends on the rotational movement ROT , and also

[0272] depends on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner housing surface 22 of the mill housing 20; and

[0273] Among them, there is a time relationship between:

[0274] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence of

[0275] With a second repetition frequency f P The frequency of the position signal P(i) depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20.ROT .

[0276] Regarding the constant speed, the inventors concluded that if the speed f ROT is constant, then the digital measurement signal S comprising the time series of vibration sample values ​​S(i) MD With repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency depends on the number L of protrusions 310 provided on the inner shell surface 22 .

[0277] The state parameter extractor 450 may optionally include a device coupled to receive the digital measurement signal S MD or depending on the digital measurement signal S MD The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the signal is performed. Regarding the analysis of the roller mill with the rotating shell 20, the rotation frequency f higher than the rotating shell 20 is analyzed. ROT The signal frequency may be of interest. In this case, the rotation frequency f of the housing 20 ROT can be called "1st order". If the signal of interest occurs ten times per revolution of the housing, the frequency can be called 10th order, i.e. the repetition frequency f R (measured in Hz) divided by the speed f ROT (measured in revolutions per second rps) equal to 10Hz / rps, that is, Oi = fR / f ROT =10th order.

[0278] Using the maximum order as Y and the total number of frequency bins in the FFT as Z, the inventors concluded that, according to one example, the following formula applies:

[0279] Oi*Z=X*Y.

[0280] On the contrary, X = Oi*Z / Y, where

[0281] Y is the maximum order; and

[0282] Z is the number of frequency bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0283] Oi is the number L of protrusions 310 in the roller mill housing that are monitored.

[0284] The above variables Y, Z and Oi should be set so that the variable X is a positive integer. In conjunction with the above example, it should be noted that the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., a position marker signal value P, once per rotation of the rotating housing 20. S If combined with Figure 2As described above, the position marking device 180 can be arranged on the outer wall surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes through the position sensor 170 once for each rotation of the housing, so that the position sensor 170 generates a rotation mark signal value P S .

[0285] Incidentally, referring to the above example of the FFT analyzer setting, the integer X obtained may indicate the number of revolutions of the roller mill housing 20 being monitored, during which the digital signal S is analyzed. MD According to one example, the above variables Y, Z and Oi can be set via the human-machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see, for example Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Fig.15 ).

[0286] As mentioned above, the protrusion 310 may also be referred to as a lift 310. Consider when the digital measurement signal S MD Situation when transmitted to an FFT analyzer: In this case, when the FFT analyzer is set for 10 protrusions, i.e. L=10, and Z=160 frequency bins, and the user is interested in analyzing frequencies up to the order Y=100, the value of X becomes X=Oi*Z / Y=10*160 / 100=16. Therefore, when Z=160 frequency bins are required, measurements need to be made during 16 housing rotations (X=16), the number of protrusions is L=10; and the user is interested in analyzing frequencies up to the order Y=100. In combination with the settings of the FFT analyzer, the order value Y can indicate the digital measurement signal S MD The highest frequency to be analyzed in .

[0287] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal once per rotation of the rotating housing 20, that is, the position marker signal value P S When using the FFT analyzer, the following settings should be met:

[0288] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of protrusions in the housing 20, and

[0289] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​in order to make the variable X a positive integer,

[0290] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0291] According to one example, the number of bins Z may be set by selecting a value Z from a set of values. The selectable value set for the frequency resolution Z may include

[0292] Z=200

[0293] Z=400

[0294] Z=800

[0295] Z=1600

[0296] Z=3200

[0297] An example of a constant speed phase

[0298] As combined Fig. 9 As described in step S#30 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 can identify the constant speed stage, that is, the constant speed f of the housing 20. ROT status.

[0299] Fig.14 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion 98 of the rotating mill housing 20 during operation is shown. This view may be taken, for example, along Figure 1 According to the line AA. Fig.14 In the example of FIG. 6 , the roller mill housing 20 has six protrusions 310 configured to engage the material charge 30 when the housing is rotated about the axis 60 , ie, the number L=6.

[0300] The inner diameter of the housing 20 may be, for example, 600 cm, and the rotational speed may be constant, for example, 13.6 revolutions per minute. For the purposes of this example, the sampling frequency is such that there are n=7680 samples per revolution, and the rotational speed of the housing 20 is f ROT .

[0301] When there is one position signal per revolution and the speed f ROT When constant or substantially constant, there will be a constant or substantially constant number of vibration sample values ​​S(i) for each revolution of the mill housing 20. For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) indicates vibration sample i=0, as shown in Table 2 (see below). For the purposes of this example, the position of the position signal P(0) relative to the housing 20 may not be important, as long as the repetition frequency f P The rotational speed f of the roller housing 20 depends on the rotational movement ROT Therefore, if the housing 20 rotates once, the position signal E P There is one pulse, and the digital position signal will have a position signal value P(i)=1 for every revolution, and the rest of the position signal values ​​are zero.

[0302] #01 #02 #03 #04 Time slot dt i,j Position P(i) S(i) <![CDATA[f ROT (i)]]> 0 1 S(0) Constant 427 0 S(427) Constant 853 0 S(853) Constant 1280 0 S(1280) Constant 1707 0 S(1707) Constant 2133 0 S(2133) Constant 2560 0 S(2560) Constant 2987 0 S(2987) Constant 3413 0 S(3413) Constant 3840 0 S(3840) Constant 4267 0 S(4267) Constant 4693 0 S(4693) Constant 5120 0 S(5120) Constant 5547 0 S(5547) Constant 5973 0 S(5973) Constant 6400 0 S(6400) Constant 6827 0 S(6827) Constant 7253 0 S(7253) Constant 7680 1 S(7680) Constant

[0303] Table 2

[0304] Therefore, at a constant speed f ROTIn this case, there may be n time slots per revolution, as shown in Table 2, where n may be a positive integer. In the example of Table 2, n=7680.

[0305] There is a position signal P per revolution. We know that the position signal will be repeated every n time slots, because the speed f ROT is constant. Therefore, multiple virtual position signals P can be generated by calculation C In one example, consider generating a virtual position signal P C A virtual position signal P is provided for each protrusion 310 C Can be used to establish temporal relationships between:

[0306] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence and

[0307] The presence of a position signal P(i) having a second repetition frequency f P , which depends on the rotational speed f of the rotating roller mill housing 20 ROT .

[0308] There are L equally spaced protrusions 310 in the mill housing, and each revolution has a position signal P and a constant speed f ROT , a virtual position signal P can be generated for each protrusion C , so that the position signals P, P C Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided per revolution, the position signal P or P C It will appear at every n / L sample value position. In Table 3, n=7680, L=6, so a position signal P is provided every 1280 samples. C , the calculated position signal is represented as 1C.

[0309] It can be assumed that the position of the toe 205 of the mill is substantially constant during a single rotation of the mill housing 20. FIMP , S P is generated by the interaction between the protrusion and the toe of the charge, so there will be a vibration signal amplitude component S per protrusion 310 FIMP , Sp is repeated at a frequency of . Therefore, it can be assumed that:

[0310] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP , S p The emergence and

[0311] Position signal P, P C The temporal relationship between the occurrences of is substantially constant for each of the L data blocks, L=6 in this example.

[0312] Table 3 shows the principle of the time course of the position signal value P(i), the calculated position signal value P(i) being denoted as "1C".

[0313]

[0314]

[0315] Table 3

[0316]

[0317]

[0318]

[0319] Table 4

[0320]

[0321]

[0322] Table 5

[0323] Table 4 is a schematic diagram of the first block (i.e., block I) with n / L=7680 / 6=1280 consecutive time slots. It should be understood that if there is a constant speed phase during the duration of a complete rotation of the housing 20 (see Fig. 9 ), then each of blocks I to VI (see Table 3) will have the same appearance as block I shown in Table 4.

[0324] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed to detect the vibration signal signature S FIMP . Vibration signal signature S FIMP It can be expressed as the peak amplitude sample value S P According to one example, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed by a peak detector to detect the peak sample value S P Referring to Table 5, the peak analysis results in the detection of the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i). In the example shown, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i=760) is detected as the one holding the highest peak value S P .

[0325] The peak S has been detected P In time slot 760, a repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S PThe time relationship between the occurrence of and the occurrence of the position signal P(i). In Table 5, the time slots that transmit the position signal P(i) are represented as 0% and 100%, respectively, and all time slots in between can be marked with their corresponding positions, as shown in column #02 in Table 5. As shown in the example in column #02 of Table 5, the time position of time slot number i=760 is the position of 59% of the time distance between time slot i=0 and time slot i=1280. In other words, 760 / 1280=0.59=59%.

[0326] Therefore, the inventors concluded that:

[0327] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The emergence and

[0328] The appearance of position signal P(i)

[0329] The temporal relationship between can be used as an indication of the relative physical position of the toe 205 of the charge between two consecutive protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20 .

[0330] Therefore, the distance between two adjacent leading edges expressed as a percentage can be obtained by the following formula (see Figure 2 312C and 312D in combination with the position of the toe 205 of Table 5):

[0331] For the first reference signal from sample number N0=0 to sample number N B = the total number of samples where the second reference signal appears in 1280 (N B -N0=N B -0=N B =1280) for counting, and

[0332] For the period from the first reference signal at N0=0 to the first reference signal at sample number N P The peak amplitude value S P The number of samples that appear (N P -N0=N P -0=N P ) to count, and

[0333] Based on the other number N P and the total number N B Generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)). This can be summarized as:

[0334] R T (r) = R T (760) = (N P -N0) / (N B-N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)=0.59=59%

[0335] Therefore, the relative toe position can be generated by:

[0336] The total number of samples (N) from the first reference signal to the second reference signal B ) to count, and

[0337] From the first reference signal to the sample number N P The peak amplitude value S P The number of samples that appear (N P ) to count, and

[0338] Based on the sample number N P and the total number of samples (i.e., N B ) generates the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0339] refer to Fig.14 It should be noted that at the time point shown, the position marker 180 is depicted as just passing the position of the position sensor 170. Therefore, the time point shown may be the time point indicated by the time slot 1280, i.e., when the position signal P (i=1280) is generated. Since the housing rotates in a clockwise direction, the most recent sample peak S P is generated by the impact of the protrusion 310A and the toe 205 (see Fig.14 and Table 5). Therefore, it is detected as maintaining the highest peak value S P The vibration sample amplitude value S (i = 760) appears before the position signal P (i = 1280) appears at time T SP =dt*(1280-760).

[0340] Because S = v*t, where S = distance, v = constant velocity, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted to distance. Therefore, column #02 of Table 5 can be considered to indicate the physical position of toe 205 at a position of 59% of the distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B (see Fig.14 Together with column #02 of Table 5).

[0341] According to another example, referring to Table 6, the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S P The temporal relationship between the occurrence of and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) can be considered as a phase deviation expressed in degrees.

[0342]

[0343]

[0344] Table 6

[0345] In fact, by using the position signal as the digital measurement signal S MD , S(i), S(j), and adjusting the settings of the Fast Fourier Converter in some manner, the Fast Fourier Converter can be used to extract the amplitude peak as well as the phase value, as described below. Therefore, when the total distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B is considered to be 360°, column #02 of Table 6 can be considered to indicate the physical location of toe 205 at position 213 of 75° of the distance between protrusion 310A and protrusion 310B (see Fig.14 Together with column #02 of Table 6). When expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310, the physical position of the toe 205 can be referred to as the relative position of the toe 205. In other words, the present disclosure provides a way to identify the relative toe position of the toe 205 of the charge in the tumble mill. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a way to generate information indicating the position of the toe 205 when expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310 in the rotating shell 20. Reference Fig.15 and Fig.16 , the relative toe position can be expressed as the phase angle FI(r), as shown below combined with Fig.15 and Fig.16 As discussed. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the relative toe position can be expressed as a percentage (see column #02 of Table 5 above). In addition, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, the relative toe position can be expressed as a duration, or a portion of a duration. As described above, in conjunction with Table 5, since S = v*t, where S = distance, v = velocity of the protrusion, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted to distance. In this case, it should be noted that the velocity v of the protrusion depends on the angular velocity f of the shell 20. ROT and the radius R of the housing 20 MIC (See Fig.14 ).

[0346] Fig.15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the state parameter extractor 450 . Fig.15 The state parameter extractor 450 includes receiving a quantity vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi). The shell speed detector 500 may also be referred to as a shell speed value generator 500. The shell speed detector 500 may generate a shell speed value based on the received quantitative vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi) generate three signals S(j), P(j) and f ROT (j). This can be done, for example, as described above with respect to Figures 7 to 13In this regard, it should be noted that the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be transmitted simultaneously. ROT (j), i.e., these signals are all associated with the same time slot j. In other words, the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be provided in a synchronized manner. ROT (j). Providing signals such as S(j), P(j) and ROT(j) in a synchronized manner advantageously provides accurate information about the temporal relationship between the signal values ​​of the various signals. Thus, for example, the velocity value f delivered by the shell velocity value generator 500 ROT (j) indicates the instantaneous rotation speed of the housing 20 when the amplitude value S(j) is detected.

[0347] It should be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) transmitted by the shell velocity value generator 500 are delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi) received by the shell velocity value generator 500. It should also be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) are equally delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi), thereby maintaining the time relationship between the two. In other words, the signals S(j) and P(j) are synchronously delayed.

[0348] The housing speed detector 500 may deliver a signal indicating whether the rotational speed remains constant for a sufficiently long time, in which case the signals S(j) and P(j) may be delivered to the fast Fourier converter 510 .

[0349] As described above, the variables Y, Z and L should be set so that the variable X is a positive integer. According to one example, the variables Y, Z and L can be set by the human-machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see, for example Figure 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Fig.15 ). As described above, the resulting integer X can indicate the number of revolutions of the monitored roller mill housing 20 during which the digital signals S(j) and P(j) are analyzed by the FFT 510. Thus, based on the settings of the variables Y, Z, and L, the FFT 510 can generate a value X indicating the analysis duration of the measurement session, and after the measurement session, the FFT 510 delivers a set of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r).

[0350] The concept "r" in the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) represents a point in time. It should be noted that there may be a time delay from receiving the first pair of input signals S(j), P(j) at the input of the FFT 510 until the pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) is transmitted from the FFT 510. The pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) may be based on a time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j). The duration of the time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j) should include at least two consecutive position signal values ​​P(j)=1 and the corresponding input signal pair.

[0351] As described below, the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can also be referred to as C L and φ L As mentioned above Figure 2 The vibration signal S EA , S MD , S(j), S(r) will present a signal signature S indicating the impact of the protrusion with the toe 205 FIMP , and when there are L protrusions 310 in the housing 20 (see Figure 1 Combination Fig.15 and Fig.14 ), for each rotation of the housing 20, the signal signature S FIMP Will be repeated L times.

[0352] To convey an intuitive understanding of this signal processing, it may be helpful to consider the superposition principle and repetitive signals such as sinusoidal signals. Sinusoidal signals can exhibit amplitude values ​​and phase values. In short, the superposition principle, also known as the superposition property, states that for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli at a given location and time is the sum of the responses caused by each stimulus individually. Sound waves are one such stimulus. Similarly, a vibration signal (e.g., including a signal signature S indicating the impact of a protrusion with the toe 205) FIMP The vibration signal S EA , S MD , S(j), S(r)) is one of such stimuli. In fact, the signal signature S FIMP The vibration signal S EA , S MD , S(j), S(r) can be considered as the sum of sinusoidal signals, each of which presents an amplitude value and a phase value. In this regard, reference is made to the Fourier series (see equation 1 below):

[0353]

[0354] in,

[0355] n = 0 The average value of the signal over a period of time (can be zero, but does not have to be zero)

[0356] n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t).

[0357] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic part of the signal F(t).

[0358] ω = angular frequency, that is (2*π*f ROT )

[0359] f ROT = Shell speed in cycles per second

[0360] t = time

[0361] φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial tone

[0362] C n = the amplitude of the nth partial

[0363] From the Fourier series above, it can be concluded that the time signal can be considered as a superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals.

[0364] A harmonic is any frequency greater than the fundamental frequency of a signal. In the example above, it should be noted that the fundamental frequency would be f ROT , i.e., the shell speed, because the FFT 510 receives the marker signal value P(j)=1 only once for each rotation of the shell 20 (see, for example, Fig.14 ).

[0365] Using the Fourier analysis model, the fundamental and overtones together are called partials. Harmonics, or more precisely harmonic partials, are partials whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency (including the fundamental frequency, which itself is 1).

[0366] refer to Fig.15 1 above, FFT 510 can deliver n = L amplitude values ​​C n (r), i.e. C L (r) = Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the partial tone (n = L), ie, φL(r) = FI(r).

[0367] Now consider an example where the mill housing has ten (10) protrusions 310 when the mill housing rotates at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). A speed of 10 rpm means one rotation every 6 seconds, i.e., ROT = 0,1667 rpm. With ten protrusions (i.e. L = 10) and f ROT = 0,1667 rpm, so that the repetition frequency f of the signal associated with the protrusion 310 is R is 1,667 Hz, because the repetition frequency f R is the 10th order frequency.

[0368] Position signals P(j), P(q) (see Fig.15 ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j), S(r). According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), once per rotation of the rotating housing 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0369] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of protrusions in the housing 20, and

[0370] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable X is a positive integer,

[0371] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0372] Y is the maximum order; and

[0373] Z is the number of bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0374] Oi is the frequency of interest, expressed as an integer of order, and where f ROT is the frequency of order 1, i.e., the fundamental frequency. In other words, the rotation speed f of the housing 20 ROT is the fundamental frequency, and L is the number of protrusions in the housing 20.

[0375] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to L, and referring to the above Fig.15 and equation 1, FFT510 can deliver n = L amplitude values ​​C n , that is, C L =Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the part (n=L), i.e., φ L =FI(r).

[0376] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the rotating housing 20 rotates once, the FFT 510 receives the position reference signal P(j), P(q) once, and the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a peak amplitude value C of the signal. L , the repetition frequency of the signal is f R is the L-order frequency, where L is the number of equally spaced protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20. Referring to the discussion above regarding Equation 1 in this disclosure, the repetition frequency f R The amplitude of the signal whose frequency is L can be called C n , where n = L, i.e. C L . Refer to Equation 1 and Fig.15 , you can pass the amplitude value CL , as the peak amplitude value, in Fig.15 It is represented as Sp(r) in .

[0377] Referring again to Equation 1 above, in the present disclosure, the repetition frequency f may be passed R is the phase angle value φ of the signal of L-order frequency L , as a time indication value, which indicates the impact force F IMP The duration T between the appearance of and the appearance of the rotation reference position of the rotating housing D1 .

[0378] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the rotating housing 20 rotates once, the FFT 510 receives the position reference signal P(j), P(q) once, and the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f R is the phase angle value φ of the signal of L-order frequency L , where L is the number of equally spaced protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20 .

[0379] Therefore, using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to L, and referring to the above Fig.15 Using Equation 1, FFT 510 can generate a phase angle value φ L .

[0380] Combination Figure 1 refer to Fig.15 , state value Sp(r)=C L and FI(r)=φ L may be communicated to a human machine interface (HCI) 210 for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicative of the internal state of the tumbling process for enabling the operator 230 to control the tumbling machine.

[0381] Fig.16 is a diagram of an example of a visual indication of an analysis result. According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis result may include providing a polar coordinate system 520. A polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point 530 and an angle from a reference direction 540. The reference point 530 (analogous to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole 530, and the ray from the pole in the reference direction is the polar axis. The distance to the pole is called a radial coordinate, radial distance or simply radius, and the angle is called an angular coordinate, polar angle or azimuth. According to one example, the amplitude value Sp(r) is used as the radius, the time relationship value FI(r), φ(r), T D Used as angular coordinate.

[0382] In this manner, by providing the internal status indicator object 550 on the display 210S, the internal status of the monitored roller mill ( Fig.16 Combination Figure 1 ). Fig.16 Combination Figure 1 and Fig.14 It may help to understand with the following example.

[0383] Thus, one example relates to an electronic roller mill monitoring system 150, 210S for generating and displaying information related to a grinding process in a roller mill 10 having a housing 20 that rotates at a rotational speed f ROT Rotates about axis 60 for grinding material charge 30 by tumbling the material charge in a rotating housing. Example monitoring system 150 includes:

[0384] a computer-implemented method of representing on a screen display 210S the internal state of the grinding process in the tumble mill,

[0385] The method includes:

[0386] Displayed on the screen display 210S

[0387] Polar coordinate system 520, the polar coordinate system 520 having

[0388] reference point (O, 530), and

[0389] Reference directions (0°, 360°, 540°); and

[0390] The first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, has a first radius (Sp(r), S P1 ), and has a first polar angle (FI(r), φ(r), T relative to the reference direction (0°, 360°, 540°) D , T D1 ),

[0391] The first radius (Sp(r), S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interacts with the toe portion 205 of the charge material (30). IMP ),and

[0392] The first polar angle (F1(r), φ(r), T D , T D1 ) indicates the position of the toe 205 between the two protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20.

[0393] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate a continuous pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r). The state parameter extractor 450 can also generate time derivative values ​​of the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r), respectively. This can be done, for example, by subtracting the most recent previous state value Sp(r-1) from the most recent state value Sp(r) divided by the duration between the two values. Similarly, the numerical derivative of the internal state value FI can be obtained. Therefore, derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be generated. The derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be used to indicate the first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ) movement.

[0394] Fig.17 and Fig.18 is another example of a visual indication of analysis results. Fig.17 and Fig.18 The derivative value may be used to display an arrow 560 on the screen display 210S, the arrow 560 originating from the first internal state indicator object (550, S P1 , T D1 ) and has an extension with a magnitude that depends on the derivative value. In other words, the absence of arrow 560 means that the internal state is stable and has not changed for a period of time. Fig.18 The arrow in 560 is Fig.17 The arrow in the figure is 560 long, indicating Fig.18 The internal state of the grinder shown in Fig.17 The internal state of the grinder shown in changes more rapidly.

[0395] Fig.19A and Fig.19B Another example of a visual indication based on the analysis results of the internal state of the roller mill 10 is shown. A recent internal state indicator object 550(r) indicates the current internal state of the mill 10. Another internal state indicator object 550(r-1) indicates the most recent previous internal state of the mill 10.

[0396] The internal state indicator object 550(1) shown as a small hollow circle indicates the internal state of the mill 10 being nearly empty. It should be noted that when the roller mill is started from an unloaded state, the initial internal state indicator object appears at an initial polar angle φ(1) which represents the first detected toe position of the mill. Fig.19A and Fig.19B, starting from the small open circle 550(1), the first thirty-one (31) detected toe positions are represented as open circles. Based on experimental measurements, it appears that the initial polar angle φ(1) can be used as a reference toe position value. Therefore, the initial polar angle φ(1) can be referred to as the reference toe position value φ TR . For its internal state, Fig.19A and Fig.19B For the particular roller mill represented by the display 210S shown, the reference toe position corresponds to an angle value φ of approximately 47°. TR ,like Fig.19A and Fig.19B shown.

[0397] The first thirty-one (31) detected toe locations are represented by hollow circles, and the subsequent sequence of toe locations are represented by shaded circles, one of which is at Fig.19A It is represented as 550(p). Fig.19A The shaded circles in FIG. 8 indicate that the filling degree of the mill housing 20 is higher than the filling degree indicated by the open circles. Fig.19A The solid black circles in φ represent higher filling levels of the mill housing 20 than those shown by the shaded circles. Thus, it should be noted that the initial lowest detected filling level appears to be represented by a relatively small radius, ie, a low peak amplitude value Sp at the initial polar angle φ(1).

[0398] refer to Fig.19A , the gradually increasing detected toe position FI(r) and the correspondingly increasing filling degree of the mill housing 20 present an image of a spiral arm rotating outward in a counterclockwise direction starting from the first internal state indicator object 550(1), as shown in Fig.19A As shown by the curved arrow 560A in FIG.

[0399] In this way, the current internal state of the roller mill 20 can be represented and visualized so that it is intuitively meaningful to the operator 230 of the mill system 5. Fig.17 As shown, the display of a single internal state indicator object 550 indicates the current internal state or the most recently detected internal state of the mill 10, but as shown in FIG. Fig.19A As shown, the display of the time progression of the internal state indicator object ranging from an initial state 550(1) through intermediate states (e.g., 550(p) and 550(r-1) to 550(r)) represents the current internal state 550(r) and the history of several earlier internal states 550(p), 550(p+1), 550(r-1) of the mill 10.

[0400] In other words, the increasing polar angle F1(r) and the increasing radius S p(r) in combination, presents an image of a spiral arm rotating outward from the first internal state indicator object 550 (1), such as Fig.19A The "angular length" of the spiral arm from the initial polar angle φ(1) of the first internal state indicator object 550(1) to the current or most recently detected toe position FI(r) appears to indicate the position of the absolute toe 205 (e.g., see Figure 2 and Fig.14 ). In this regard, it should be noted that Fig.19A The 360° in the polar coordinate system 520 corresponds to two adjacent protrusions (e.g., Figure 2 100% of the distance between the leading edges of 312C and 312D).

[0401] Example of a speed change phase state parameter extractor

[0402] As mentioned above, if the roller mill housing 20 is variable Speed ​​f ROT The analysis of the measured data is more complicated if the mill housing 20 rotates. In fact, it seems that even very small changes in the rotation speed of the mill housing can have a significant negative impact on the quality of the detected signal in terms of the tailing effect. ROT Very precise detection of the speed seems to be crucial, and precise compensation for any speed changes also seems to be crucial.

[0403] refer to Fig.15 , the housing speed detector 500 may transmit a signal indicating when the rotational speed changes, such as in conjunction with Fig. 9 Discussed. Again refer to Fig.15 , signals S(j) and P(j) and speed value f ROT (j) may be transmitted to a speed variation compensation decimator 470. The speed variation compensation decimator 470 may also be referred to as a fractional decimator. The decimator 470 is configured to receive the speed value f based on the received speed value f. ROT (j) Extracting the digital measurement signal S MD According to one example, the decimator 470 is configured to decimate the digital measurement signal S by a variable decimation factor D. MD , based on the variable speed value f during the measurement session ROT (j) adjusting the variable decimation factor D. Thus, the compensating decimator 470 is configured to generate a decimated quantity vibration signal S MDR, so that when the rotation speed changes, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell remains at a constant value, or remains at a substantially constant value. According to some embodiments, when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 5%, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value. According to a preferred embodiment, when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 1%, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value. According to a most preferred embodiment, when the number of sample values ​​per rotation varies by less than 0.2%, the number of sample values ​​per rotation of the rotating shell is considered to be a substantially constant value.

[0404] therefore, Fig.15 The embodiment includes a fractional decimator 470 for decimating the sampling rate by a decimation factor D=N / U, where U and N are both positive integers. Thus, the fractional decimator 470 advantageously decimates the sampling rate. Thus, the speed variation compensation decimator 470 can be operated to decimate the signals S(j) and P(j) and f by a fraction D=N / U. ROT (j). According to one embodiment, the values ​​of U and N may be selected within a range from 2 to 2000. According to one embodiment, the values ​​of U and N may be selected within a range from 500 to 1500. According to yet another embodiment, the values ​​of U and N may be selected within a range from 900 to 1100. In this document, it should be noted that the context of the term "fraction" is as follows: A fraction (from the Latin fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole, or more generally, any number of equal parts. In a positive common fraction, both the numerator and the denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator represents how many parts make up a unit or a whole. A common fraction is a quantity that represents a rational number. The same quantity may also be expressed as a decimal, a percentage, or a negative exponent. For example, 0.01, 1%, and 10-2 are all equal to the fraction 1 / 100. Therefore, the fraction D=N / U can be considered an inverse fraction.

[0405] Therefore, the resulting signal S delivered by the fractional extractor 470 is MDR With sampling rate:

[0406] f SR =f S / D=f S *U / N

[0407] Among them, f S is the signal S received by the fractional decimator 470 RED The sampling rate.

[0408] The fractional value U / N depends on a speed control signal received at input port 490. The speed control signal may be a signal indicating the speed of rotation of the rotating housing. ROT signal.

[0409] The variable decimator value D of the decimator can be set to D=f S / f SR , where f S is the initial sampling rate of the A / D converter, f SR is the vibration signal S indicating the number of extracted MDR For example, when there are twelve (12) protrusions to be monitored in the mill housing, the set point value f SR can be set to 768 samples per revolution, i.e. the number of samples per revolution is set to the number of extracted vibration signals S MDR The compensation extractor 470 is configured to vibrate the signal S by the amount of extraction. MDR The position signal P(q) is generated at regular intervals depending on the set point value f SR For example, when f SR When set to 768 samples per revolution, the position signal P(q) can be transmitted once every 768 samples of the extracted vibration signal S(q).

[0410] Therefore, the sampling frequency f of the output data value R(q) SR (Also known as f SR2 ) is greater than the input sampling frequency f S The factor D is lower by a factor D. The factor D can be set to any number greater than 1 and can be a fraction, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, the factor D can be set to a value between 1.0 and 20.0. In a preferred embodiment, the factor D is a fraction that can be set to a value between about 1.3 and about 3.0. The factor D can be obtained by setting the integers U and N to appropriate values. The factor D is equal to N divided by U:

[0411] D=N / U

[0412] According to one embodiment, integers U and N may be set to large integers so that the factor D=N / U can follow speed changes with minimal error. Selecting variables U and N to be integers greater than 1000 is advantageous in having high accuracy when adjusting the output sampling frequency to track changes in the rotational speed of the housing 20. Thus, for example, if N is set to 500 and U is set to 1001, then D=2,002.

[0413] The variable D is set to a suitable value at the start of the measurement and this value is associated with the specific rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored. Thereafter, during the measurement session, the fractional value D is automatically adjusted in response to the rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored so that the output signal S MDR A substantially constant number of sample values ​​is provided per revolution of the rotating housing.

[0414] Fig. 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensated decimator 470. This example of a compensated decimator is designated 470B.

[0415] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store a data value S(j) and a corresponding rotational speed f of the rotating mill housing being monitored. ROT Therefore, the memory 604 can store each data value S(j) so that it is consistent with the information indicating that the sensor signal S corresponding to the data value S(j) is detected. EA The speed f of the mill housing being monitored at the time ROT (j) is associated with the value. Refer to the above Figure 7-Figure 13 Describes the corresponding speed value f ROT (j) Provision of the associated data value S(j).

[0416] The compensation decimator 470B receives a signal having a sampling frequency f SR1 The signal S MD , as a sequence of data values ​​S(j) and transmits at its output 590 a data value with a reduced sampling frequency f SR The output signal S MDR , as a sequence of another number of data values ​​R(q).

[0417] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store a data value S(j) and a corresponding rotational speed f of the rotating mill housing being monitored. ROT The memory 604 may store data values ​​S(j) in blocks such that each block is associated with a value indicating the relative rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored, as shown below in conjunction with Fig.21 described.

[0418] The compensation extractor 470B may further include a compensation extraction variable generator 606 adapted to generate a compensation value D. The compensation value D may be a floating point number. Thus, in response to the received speed value f ROT , the compensation number can be controlled as a floating point value so that the floating point value indicates the speed value f with a certain inaccuracy ROT As described above, when implemented by a suitably programmed DSP, the inaccuracy of floating point values ​​may depend on the DSP's ability to generate floating point values.

[0419] Furthermore, the compensation decimator 470B may also include a FIR filter 608. In this regard, the acronym FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. The FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter with a specific low-pass cutoff frequency, suitable for filtering the decimator with a factor D. MAX Extraction. Factor D MAXCan be set to a suitable value, for example, 20,000. In addition, the compensation decimator 470B can also include a filter parameter generator 610.

[0420] Reference below Fig.21 and FIG. 22A to FIG. 22C The operation of compensation decimator 470B is described.

[0421] Fig.21 It shows the operation Fig. 20 Flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating sampler 470B.

[0422] In a first step S2000, the rotational speed f of the mill housing to be monitored is ROT is recorded in the memory 604 ( Fig. 20 and Fig.21 ), and this can be done at substantially the same time as the vibration measurement starts. According to another example, the rotational speed of the mill housing to be monitored is measured over a period of time. The maximum detection speed f ROTmax and minimum detection speed f ROTmin can be recorded in, for example, the memory 604 ( Fig. 20 and Fig.21 ).

[0423] In step S2010, the recorded speed values ​​are analyzed in order to determine whether the rotation speed has changed.

[0424] In step S2020, the user interface 210, 210S displays the recorded speed value f RO Or speed value f ROTmin 、f ROTmax , and request the user to input the desired sequence value Oi. As mentioned above, the mill housing rotation frequency f ROT Often referred to as "1st order". An interesting signal may occur ten times per revolution of the mill housing (10th order). Furthermore, it may be interesting to analyze the overtones of some signals, so it may be interesting to measure signals up to 100th order, 500th order, or even higher order. Thus, the user may input the order Oi using the user interface 210, 210S.

[0425] In step S2030, determine the appropriate output sampling rate f SR In the present disclosure, the output sampling rate f SR It can also be called f SR2 According to one embodiment, the output sampling rate f SR is set to f SR =C*Oi*f ROTmin ,

[0426] in,

[0427] C is a constant with a value greater than 2,0,

[0428] Oi is a quantity that indicates the relationship between the rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored and the repetition frequency of the signal to be analyzed.

[0429] f ROTmin is the minimum rotational speed of the monitored mill housing to be expected during the upcoming measurement session. According to one embodiment, as described above, the value f ROTmin It is the lowest rotation speed detected in step S2020.

[0430] Considering the sampling theorem, the constant C may be selected to be 2.00 (two) or higher. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the constant C may be preset to a value between 2.40 and 2.70.

[0431] According to one embodiment, the factor C is advantageously chosen such that 100*C / 2 represents an integer. According to one embodiment, the factor C may be set to 2,56. C is chosen to be 2,56 such that 100*C=256=2 raised to the 8th power.

[0432] In step S2050, the compensation extraction variable value D is determined. When the rotation speed of the monitored mill housing changes, the compensation extraction variable value D will change according to the instantaneously detected speed value.

[0433] According to one embodiment, the maximum compensation decimation variable value D MAX Set to D MAX =f ROTmax / f ROTmin The value of the minimum compensation extraction variable value D MIN is set to 1,0. After that, the actual speed value f ROT Perform instantaneous real-time measurements and set the instantaneous compensation value D accordingly.

[0434] f ROT is a value indicative of the measured rotational speed of the rotating mill housing to be monitored.

[0435] In step S2060, the actual measurement is started and the desired total duration of the measurement can be determined. The total duration of the measurement can be determined according to the desired number of revolutions X of the monitored mill housing.

[0436] When the measurement starts, the digital signal S MD is transmitted to the input terminal 480 of the compensation extractor. In the following, the signal S is discussed in terms of a signal having sample values ​​S(j). MD , where j is an integer.

[0437] In step S2070, the data value S(j) is recorded in the memory 604, and each vibration data value S(j) is associated with the rotation speed value f ROT(j) associated.

[0438] In a subsequent step S2080, the recorded rotational speed values ​​are analyzed and the recorded data values ​​S(j) are divided into data blocks according to the rotational speed values. In this way, a plurality of blocks of data value blocks S(j) can be generated, each data value block S(j) being associated with a rotational speed value. The rotational speed value indicates the rotational speed of the mill housing being monitored when the particular block of data values ​​S(j) was recorded. The individual data blocks can have mutually different sizes, i.e., the individual data blocks can store mutually different numbers of data values ​​S(j).

[0439] For example, if the monitored rotating mill housing is first moved at a first speed f during a first time period ROT1 rotates, and then, during a second shorter period of time, changes speed to a second speed f ROT2 Rotation, the recorded data value S(j) can be divided into two data blocks, the first block of data values ​​and the first speed value f ROT1 The second data block value is associated with the second speed value f ROT2 In this case, the second data block will contain fewer data values ​​than the first data block because the second time period is shorter.

[0440] According to one embodiment, when all recorded data values ​​S(j) have been divided into blocks, and all blocks have been associated with rotation speed values, the method proceeds to step S2090.

[0441] In step S2090, the first block of data values ​​S(j) is selected, and the corresponding speed value f is determined. ROT The compensated decimation value D is associated with the first block data value S(j). According to one embodiment, when all blocks have been associated with corresponding compensated decimation values ​​D, the method continues to perform step S2100. Therefore, the value of the compensated decimation value D is determined according to the speed f ROT Make adjustments.

[0442] In step S2100, a block of data values ​​S(j) and associated compensated decimated values ​​D are selected, as described above in step S2090.

[0443] In step S2110, in response to the selected input value block S and the associated compensated decimated value D, an output value block R is generated. This can be as described in reference FIG. 22A to FIG. 22C Completed as described.

[0444] In step S2120, it is checked whether there are any remaining input data values ​​to be processed. If there is another block of input data values ​​to be processed, step S2100 is repeated. If there are no remaining blocks of input data values ​​to be processed, the measurement session is completed.

[0445] Fig.22A , Fig. 22B and Fig. 22C Shows the operation Fig. 20 Flow chart of an embodiment of a method of compensating sampler 470B.

[0446] In step S2200, an input data value block S(j) and an associated specific compensation decimation value D are received. According to one embodiment, the received data is as above Fig.21 The input data values ​​S(j) in the received input data value block S are all associated with a specific compensation decimation value D.

[0447] In steps S2210 to S2390, the FIR filter 608 (see Fig. 20 ) is applied to the specific compensated decimation value D received in step S2200 and generates a set of corresponding output signal values ​​R(q). This will be described in more detail below.

[0448] In step S2210, a filter setting suitable for a specific compensation decimation value D is selected. Fig. 20 As mentioned, FIR filter 608 is a low pass FIR filter having a filter size suitable for filtering with a factor D. MAX A low-pass cutoff frequency at which decimation is performed. Factor D MAX Can be set to a suitable value, for example, 20.

[0449] Filter ratio F R is set to depend on the factor D MAX and the value of the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200. Step S2210 may be performed by the filter parameter generator 610 ( Fig. 20 ) to execute.

[0450] In step S2220, a starting position value x is selected in the received input data block s(j). It should be noted that the starting position value x does not have to be an integer. The FIR filter 608 has a length F LENGTH , and then according to the filter length F LENGTH And filter ratio F R To select the starting position value x. The filter ratio FR is set as in step S2210 above. According to one embodiment, the starting position value x can be set to x:=F LENGTH / F R .

[0451] In step S2230, a filtered sum value SUM is prepared and set to an initial value, for example, SUM:=0,0.

[0452] In step S2240, a position j in the received input data that is adjacent to and preceding the position x is selected. The position j may be selected as an integer part of x.

[0453] In step S2250, a position Fpos in the FIR filter is selected that corresponds to the selected position j in the received input data. The position Fpos may be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position Fpos may be determined as:

[0454] Fpos=[(xj)*F R ]

[0455] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0456] In step S2260, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowed limit value, that is, it points to a position outside the filter. If this happens, proceed to the following step S2300. Otherwise, proceed to step S2270.

[0457] In step S2270, filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in a FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0458] IFpos:=integer part of Fpos

[0459] The filter value Fval at position Fpos will be:

[0460] Fval=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0461] where A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0462] In step S2280, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0463] SUM:=SUM+Fval*S(j)

[0464] In step S2290, move to another signal position:

[0465] Set j: = j-1

[0466] Thereafter, go to step S2250.

[0467] In step 2300, a position j is selected in the received input data that is adjacent to position x and after position x. This position j can be selected as the integer part of x plus 1 (one), that is, j:=1+the integer part of x.

[0468] In step S2310, a position corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data is selected in the FIR filter. The position Fpos may be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position Fpos may be determined as:

[0469] Fpos=[(jx)*F R ]

[0470] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0471] In step S2320, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowed limit value, ie, points to a position outside the filter. If this happens, the following step S2360 is performed. Otherwise, step S2330 is performed.

[0472] In step S2330, filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in a FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0473] IFpos:=integer part of Fpos

[0474] The filter value at position Fpos is:

[0475] Fval(Fpos)=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0476] where A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0477] In step S2340, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0478] SUM:=SUM+Fval*S(j)

[0479] In step S2350, move to another signal position:

[0480] Set j: =j+1

[0481] Thereafter, go to step S2310.

[0482] In step S2360, the output data value R(j) is transferred. The output data value R(j) may be transferred to a memory such that consecutive output data values ​​are stored in consecutive memory locations. The value of the output data value R(j) is:

[0483] R(j): =SUM

[0484] In step S2370, update the position value x:

[0485] x:=x+D

[0486] In step S2380, update the position value j

[0487] j:=j+1

[0488] In step S2390, it is checked whether the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated. If the expected number of output data values ​​has not been generated, it is transferred to step S2230. If the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated, it is transferred to the step S2390. Fig.21 Step S2120 in the described method.

[0489] In practice, step S2390 is designed to ensure that an output signal value R(q) corresponding to the input data value block S received in step S2200 is generated, and when an output signal value R corresponding to the input data value S has been generated, Fig.21 Step S2120 in .

[0490] refer to FIG. 22A to FIG. 22C The described method may be implemented as a computer program subroutine, and steps S2100 and S2110 may be implemented as a main program.

[0491] Fig.23 Another example of a cross-sectional view of the middle portion 98 of the rotating mill housing 20 during operation is shown. This view may be taken, for example, along Figure 1 According to the line AA. Fig.23 In the example of FIG. 6 , the roller mill housing 20 has six protrusions 310 configured to engage the material charge 30 when the housing rotates about the axis 60 , ie, the number L=6. For clarity, Fig.23 The protrusions in the example are labeled 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105 and 3106 respectively.

[0492] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal E according to the rotational position of the housing 20. P As described above, the housing 20 is rotatable about the rotation axis 60, so the position sensor 170 installed in a fixed manner can generate a position signal E P , the position signal has a series of shell position signal values ​​PS , used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the housing 20. Fig.23 As shown, a plurality of position marks 180 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, in one rotation of the housing 20, several position marks 180 pass through the position sensor 170, and each mark 180 thereby causes the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value Ps. According to one embodiment, L position marks 180 are provided on the housing 20, so that when the housing 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position marks 1801 ... 180 L The position sensor 170 is continuously passed, so that the position sensor 170 generates L rotation mark signal values ​​Ps in one rotation of the housing 20. Fig.23 In the illustrated embodiment, there are six protrusions 310 , ie, L=6, and there are six position marks 1801 , 1802 , 1803 , 1804 , 1805 and 1806 .

[0493] It is believed to be important that the arrangement of the position markings 180 in terms of angular position reflects the arrangement of the protrusions 310 on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20 in terms of angular position.

[0494] exist Fig.23 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , L position marks 180 are positioned on the periphery of the housing 20 in an equidistant manner, so that the position sensor 170 generates a mark signal Ps every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20. In this case, it should be noted that Fig.23 In the embodiment of the present invention, the L-shaped protrusions 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105 and 310 L The protrusions 310 are positioned on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20 in an equidistant manner from one another. It is believed that the equidistant positions of the protrusions 310 and the equidistant positions of the position marks 180 are important for some embodiments of the present disclosure. This is believed to be important for some embodiments of the present disclosure because the position marks 180 result in the generation of a position reference signal value and the protrusions 310 result in the generation of a signal event, such as an amplitude peak, in the vibration signal when engaging material in the rotating mill charge (see reference S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q), for example, in Figure 1 and Fig.15In addition, the duration between the occurrence of the position reference signal value and the occurrence of the signal event in the vibration signal may be indicative of an internal state of the mill in operation, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, the duration being caused by the protrusion 310 engaging material in the charge of the rotating mill housing. For example, the duration between the occurrence of the position reference signal value and the occurrence of the signal event in the vibration signal may be indicative of an internal state, such as the position of the toe 205, the duration being caused by the protrusion 310 engaging material in the charge of the rotating mill housing.

[0495] However, the actual placement of the position mark 180 relative to the position of the protrusion 310 is considered to be of little importance. Fig.23 The position marks 180 are shown to be placed at the same angular position as the protrusions 310, but it should be noted that the position marks 180 may also be shifted in terms of angular position. However, if the position marks 180 are shifted in terms of angular position, it is believed that it is important that all of the position marks 180 are shifted equally to maintain the mutually equidistant positions of the position marks 180. More specifically, it is believed that it is important that the arrangement of the position marks 180 in terms of angular position reflects the arrangement of the protrusions 310 on the inner surface 22 of the housing 20 in terms of angular position.

[0496] As mentioned above, combined Fig.19A and Fig.19B It has been observed that when the roller mill is started from an empty state, the initial internal state indicator object appears at an initial polar angle φ(1) which represents the position of the first detected toe 205 of the mill. Based on experimental measurements, it appears that the initial polar angle φ(1) can be used as a reference toe position value. Therefore, the initial polar angle φ(1) can therefore be referred to as the reference toe position value φ TR . For its internal state, Fig.19A and Fig.19B For the particular roller mill represented by the display 210S shown, the reference toe position corresponds to an angle value φ of approximately 47°. TR ,like Fig.19A and Fig.19B Reference Figure 2 and Fig.14 , it is believed that if the position marker 180 is physically moved to a different position in terms of angular position, the reference toe position value φ TR will change to a numerically different angle value.

[0497] like Fig.23 The illustrated arrangement of the rotating mill housing 20 may be used in conjunction with the state parameter extractor 450 exemplified in the present disclosure. Fig.15 ,like Fig.23As shown, the arrangement of the rotating mill housing 20 can be used to generate a marker signal P(i), which is transmitted to the housing speed value generator 500. Therefore, during the rotation of the housing 20, the housing speed value generator 500 will receive a marker signal P(i) having a position indicator signal value every 360 / L°. ROT When the rotation speed f is constant, during the rotation of the housing 20, the fast Fourier converter 510 will receive the flag signal value P(j)=1 from the speed value generator 500 every 360 / L°. ROT When changing, during the rotation of the housing 20, the fast Fourier converter 510 will receive a marker signal value P(q)=1 from the extractor 470, 470B every 360 / L°.

[0498] Furthermore, when the speed value generator 500 receives a marker signal P(i) having a position indicating signal value (e.g., P(i)=1) every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20, the speed value generator 500 will be able to generate an even more accurate speed value f ROT (j).

[0499] As for the appropriate setting of FFT 510 when receiving a signal with a marker value P(j)=1 every 360 / L° during the rotation of housing 20, this means that the fundamental frequency will be the repetition frequency f R .

[0500] As above about Figure 2 The vibration signal S EA , S MD , S(j), S(q) will present a signal signature S FIMP , which indicates the impact of the protrusion with the toe 205, and when there are L protrusions 310 in the housing 20 (see Fig.23 Combined with the following equation 2), the signal signature S FIMP Will be repeated L times.

[0501] Referring again to the Fourier series (see equation 2 below):

[0502]

[0503] in,

[0504] n = 0 The average value of the signal over a period of time (can be zero, but does not have to be zero)

[0505] n = 1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t)

[0506] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic part of the signal F(t)

[0507] ω = angular frequency of interest, i.e. (2*π*fR )

[0508] f R = frequency of interest, expressed in cycles per second

[0509] t = time

[0510] φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial tone

[0511] C n = the amplitude of the nth partial

[0512] In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the FFT 510 receives a marker signal value P(j)=1 every 360 / L° during rotation of the housing 20 , the fundamental frequency will be one per protrusion 310 .

[0513] As mentioned above, the setting of FFT 510 should take into account the reference signal. As mentioned above, the position signals P(j), P(q) (see Fig.15 ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(q).

[0514] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., position signal P(j), P(q), every 360 / L° during the rotation of the housing 20, and L is the number of protrusions 310 in the housing 20, the setting of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0515] The integer value Oi is set to one, i.e. equal to 1, and

[0516] The settable variables Y and Z are selected so that the mathematical expression Oi*Z / Y becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, then the settable variables Y and Z should be set to integer values ​​so that the variable X is a positive integer,

[0517] Where X = Oi*Z / Y

[0518] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, and referring to the above Fig.15 and equation 2, FFT510 can deliver the amplitude value C for n=1 n , that is, C1 = Sp(r). FFT 510 can also deliver the phase angle of the fundamental frequency (n=1), that is, φ1 = FI(r).

[0519] Combination Figure 1 and Equation 2 above Fig.15, the state values ​​Sp(r)=C1 and FI(r)=φ1 may be communicated to the human machine interface (HCI) 210 for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal state of the tumbling process for enabling the operator 230 to control the tumbling machine.

[0520] refer to Fig.16 , Fig.17 , Fig.18 , Fig.19A and Fig.19B , example illustrations of visual indications of analysis results are available for the configuration of a rotating mill housing 20, such as Fig.23 As shown, the FFT 510 will receive marking signals P(i), P(j), P(q) having position indication signal values ​​every 360 / L°, where L is the number of protrusions 310 in the housing 20.

[0521] Although the above discussion of the configuration of FFT 510 involves Fourier series and Equations 1 and 2 for the purpose of conveying an intuitive understanding of the background of the configuration of FFT transformer 510, it should be noted that the use of digital signal processing may involve a discrete Fourier transform (see Equation 3 below):

[0522] Equation 3:

[0523]

[0524] Therefore, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned discrete Fourier transform (DFT) can be included in the signal processing for generating data indicating the internal state of the roller mill, for example, as discussed in conjunction with the embodiment of the state parameter extractor 450. In this regard, reference is made to e.g. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Fig.15 and / or Fig.24 In view of the above discussion of the subject of FFT and Fourier series, the Discrete Fourier Transform will not be discussed in further detail as it is very familiar to the skilled reader of this disclosure.

[0525] although Fig.23 It is shown that a plurality of position marks 180 may be provided on the outer surface of the housing 20, each mark 180 thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotating mark signal value Ps, but it should be noted that such a position signal may alternatively be generated by an encoder 170 mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20. Thus, the position sensor 170 may be implemented by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating mill housing 20, such that during rotation of the mill housing 20, the encoder generates, for example, one mark signal Ps on each protrusion 310 in the rotating housing 20.

[0526] In summary, with respect to the FFT 510 and the appropriate settings of Equations 1 and 2 above, it should be noted that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (i.e., φ n ) can indicate the relative position of the toe 205. In particular, the phase angle of the nth partial tone (i.e., φ n ) may indicate the position of the toe 205, expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent protrusions 310 in the rotating housing 20. Referring to Table 6 and Fig.14 , the total distance between two adjacent protrusions can be considered as 360°, and the phase angle value of the nth partial tone (i.e. φ n ) divided by 360° can indicate a percentage of the total distance between two adjacent protrusions. This can be seen, for example, by comparing columns #2 in Table 5 and Table 6 above. As described above, φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial tone, C n = amplitude of the nth partial tone. As described above, taking into account the number L of protrusions in the rotating housing 20 and the number of reference signals generated and the resulting order Oi of the signal of interest, the FFT 510 can be set to deliver the phase angle φ of the nth partial tone n and the amplitude C of the nth partial n , so that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (i.e. φ n ) may indicate the relative position of the toe 205. In addition, as described above, the FFT 510 may be configured such that the variable X is a positive integer, where

[0527] X=Oi*Z / Y

[0528] And among them,

[0529] Oi is set to an integer value,

[0530] Y is set to an integer value,

[0531] Z is set to an integer value.

[0532] Fig.24 A schematic top view of another system 700 including a tumble mill 10 is shown. For example, the tumble mill 10 can be an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the tumble mill 10 can be a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill. Another example tumble mill 10 is a ball mill 10. The tumble mill 10 includes a housing 20 having an interior housing surface 22 that forms a chamber 25 for grinding material. Fig.24 The roller mill system 700 can be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this specification, for example, with respect to the above Figure 1-Figure 23 However, despite Figure 1 The roller mill system is described as having a vibration sensor 70 on the input side of the mill, but it should be noted that Fig.24 The tumble mill system 700 may be configured with

[0533] For generating a first measurement signal S EAIN The first vibration sensor 70 IN as well as

[0534] For generating the second measurement signal S EAOUT The second vibration sensor 70 OUT .

[0535] By the first vibration sensor 70 IN The first measurement signal S generated EAIN The signal processing may be as described in any other embodiment of the present disclosure with respect to the signal S EA As described, for example, regarding the above Figure 1-Figure 23 Similarly, the second vibration sensor 70 OUT The generated second measurement signal S EAOUT The signal processing may be as described in any other embodiment of the present disclosure with respect to the signal S EA As described, for example, regarding the above Figure 1-Figure 23 Therefore, compared with the above embodiment, the difference is that in the system 700, based on the first measurement signal S EAIN provides data indicative of the internal state of the input side of the roller mill and based on the second measurement signal S EAOUT Provides data indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill. Thus, with regard to the provision of a position signal or reference signal, Fig.24 The roller mill system 700 can be configured as described in any of the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0536] Fig.24 The analysis device 150 shown may include a first state parameter extractor 4501 and a second state parameter extractor 4502. The state parameter extractors 4501 and 4502 may operate as described in any of the above embodiments, for example, with reference to Figure 5 and / or Fig.15 Therefore, the first state parameter extractor 4501 may be configured to generate the parameter S P1 (r), R T1 (r), f ROT (r), dS P1 (r) and dR T1 (r).

[0537] Similarly, the second state parameter extractor 4502 may be configured to generate the parameter S P2 (r), R T2 (r), f ROT (r), dSP2 (r) and dR T2 (r). However, the rotational speed of the housing, f ROT (r) is of course the same, so if a state parameter extractor delivers the speed value f ROT (r) is enough.

[0538] refer to Fig.24 , shows a Cartesian coordinate system having three mutually perpendicular axes X, Y and Z. It will be appreciated that during operation of the mill 10, the material 30 travels from the input side 80 to the output side 90 of the mill in the positive direction of the X axis.

[0539] Fig.24 The roller mill system 700 advantageously provides a parameter indicating the internal state of the input side of the roller mill: S P1 (r), R T1 (r), dS P1 (r) and dR T1 (r), and a parameter indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill: S P2 (r), R T2 (r), dS P2 (r) and dR T2 (r).

[0540] Comparison of input-side parameters with corresponding output-side parameters can advantageously add yet another dimension to the understanding of the internal state of the mill 10. For example, R T2 (r) and R T1 The relationship between (r) shows

[0541] - the toe position is the same on the input and output sides, or

[0542] -The toe position is higher on the input side, when R T1 (r)>R T2 (r) when instructed; or

[0543] -The toe position is higher on the output side, when R T2 (r)>R T1 (r) indicates.

[0544] A higher toe position on the output side may indicate an incipient abnormality. For example, when the outflow of output material 95 is reduced, perhaps due to a blockage, while the inflow of solid material 110 continues at an unreduced rate, there will be an increased risk of overloading, which may result in a reduced efficiency of the grinding process in the roller mill. Therefore, Fig.24The roller mill system 700 can advantageously provide early indication of incipient abnormalities. Thus, based on the comparison of input side parameters with corresponding output side parameters, the roller mill system 700 can provide adjustment of control parameters to avoid abnormalities, such as mill overload.

[0545] refer to Fig.24 It should be noted that the vibration sensor 70 OUT connected to a non-rotating portion of the body of the mill structure 10, and the vibration sensor 70 OUT The vibration sensor 70 is positioned to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y (see a Cartesian coordinate system having three mutually perpendicular axes X, Y and Z, where Y is the horizontal direction). IN connected to a non-rotating portion of the body of the mill structure 10, and the vibration sensor 70 IN Positioned to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y. Experimental measurements appear to indicate that improved vibration signal quality is obtained when the vibration sensor is configured to detect vibrations primarily in the horizontal direction Y, compared to the vibration signal quality obtained when the vibration sensor is configured to detect vibrations primarily in the vertical direction Z. As described above, for example, in combination Figure 2 , the protrusion 310 interacts with the toe 205 of the charge, forcing the material in the toe of the charge to accelerate in the direction of motion of the protrusion 310, such as Figure 2 As shown, the mechanical vibration V IMP The impact of the protrusion 310C on the mass of material in the toe 205 causes the mass of material in the toe to move in the direction of the motion of the protrusion 310C. ACC The acceleration in the direction of the protrusion 310C causes a force F IMP Since the mass of the solid material in the charge 30 of the mill is in metric tons, the impact force F IMP However, since the mill structure will typically rest on a very hard floor surface which tends to attenuate vibrations in the vertical direction, it would appear that vibration detection in the horizontal direction Y provides improved vibration signal quality.

[0546] Fig.25 A schematic top view of another embodiment of a system 720 including a tumble mill 10 is shown.

[0547] Fig.25 The roller mill system 720 can be combined with Fig.24 However, despite Fig.24 The tumble grinding machine system 700 is depicted as having a vibration sensor 70 connected to a non-rotating portion of the body of the grinding structure 10. OUT and a vibration sensor 70 connected to another non-rotating portion of the body of the grinding structure 10 IN,but Fig.25 The tumble mill system 720 is different in that it provides a vibration sensor 70 connected to the rotating shell 20 of the grinding structure 10. 20 .like Fig.25 As shown, a vibration sensor 70 is directly arranged on the rotating housing 20 20 will generate high amplitudes, especially when the vibration sensor 70 20 Located outside the housing, directly on the side of the housing wall opposite the protrusion 310.

[0548] Fig.25 The tumble mill system 720 may optionally include:

[0549] For generating a first measurement signal S EAIN The first vibration sensor 70 20IN as well as

[0550] For generating the second measurement signal S EAOUT The second vibration sensor 70 20OUT .like Fig.25 As shown, the first vibration sensor 70 20IN The second vibration sensor 70 may be firmly connected to the outer surface of the housing 20 at a position closer to the input side 80 than the output side 90. 20OUT It may be securely connected to the outer surface of the housing 20 at a position closer to the output side 90 than the input side 80 .

[0551] First vibration sensor 70 20IN and the second vibration sensor 70 20OUT The sensor 70 on the outer surface of the housing 20 may be configured to communicate with the device 150 in a wireless manner, for example, via transceiver units 740 and 750, respectively. 20 , 70 20IN , 70 20OUT The power supply may be via a battery, or alternatively by an induction device (not shown) attached to the outer surface of the rotating housing 20, which operates as a generator by interacting with one or more fixed permanent magnets. In this way, as the housing 20 rotates, the induction device will repeatedly pass through the magnetic field of the fixed one or more permanent magnets, thereby inducing a magnetic field that can be used as a sensor 70. 20 , 70 20IN , 70 20OUT The current of the power supply.

[0552] Fig.25 The roller mill system 720 can also advantageously provide a parameter S indicating the internal state of the input side of the roller mill. P1 (r), R T1 (r), dS P1 (r) and dRT1 (r) and the parameter S indicating the internal state of the output side of the roller mill P2 (r), R T2 (r), dS P2 (r) and dR T2 (r). Therefore, a skilled reader of this disclosure directly and unambiguously concludes that Fig.25 The roller mill system 720 can advantageously be configured substantially similar to Fig.24 The roller mill system 700 provides an early indication of incipient abnormalities. In particular, Fig.25 The roller mill system 720 can advantageously implement a comparison of input side parameters with corresponding output side parameters in the manner described above with respect to the roller mill system 700. Thus, Fig.25 The roller mill system 720 may also advantageously enable adjustment of control parameters to avoid, for example, abnormalities such as mill overload.

[0553] Fig.26 A schematic and top view of another embodiment of a system 730 including a tumble mill 10 is shown. For example, the tumble mill 10 can be an autogenous (AG) mill. Alternatively, the tumble mill 10 can be, for example, a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill. Another example of a tumble mill 10 is a ball mill 10. The tumble mill 10 includes a housing 20 having an interior housing surface 22 that forms a chamber 25 for grinding material. Fig.26 The roller mill system 730 may include the components described in any other embodiments described in the present disclosure and be configured such that, for example, Figure 1-Figure 25 In particular, Fig.26 The device 150 shown in FIG. 1 may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, for example, with respect to the above Figure 1-Figure 25 .

[0554] However, in Fig.26 In the embodiment of the system 730 shown, the device 150 includes a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. Although the drawings show the device 150 as two boxes, it should be understood that the device 150 can also be provided as a single entity 150 including the monitoring module 150A and the control module 150B, as shown by the unified reference numeral 150.

[0555] The system 730 is configured to control the internal state of the roller mill 10, which has a certain rotation speed f ROT The housing 20 rotates about an axis 60 for grinding a charge of material 30 by tumbling the material in the rotating housing.

[0556] The housing 20 has an inner housing surface 22 including a first number L of protrusions 310 configured to engage material when the housing 20 rotates about the axis 60. The system 730 may include means 170, 180 for generating a position signal. The means 170, 180 may include a position sensor 170 and a marker 180 as described elsewhere in this disclosure. The position signal is E P , P(i), P(j), P(q), indicating the rotational position of the rotating shell 20, and the position signal includes a time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q).

[0557] Provide sensors 70, 70 IN , 70 OUT , 330, and is configured to generate a mechanical vibration V according to the rotation of the housing IMP To generate the vibration signal S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q). Vibration signal S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q) may include a time series of vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), S(q).

[0558] The device 150 of the system 730 may include a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. The monitoring module 150A includes a state parameter extractor 450, 4501, 4502, which is configured to detect a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in said time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q) (see Tables 2, 3 and 4 above, where column #2 shows a position signal with a value of 1; 1C).

[0559] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to detect a second occurrence of the second reference position signal value 1; 1C; 100% in the time sequence of the position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q). The state parameter extractor 450 may also be configured to detect an event signature S in the time sequence of the vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), S(q). P (r); the occurrence of Sp. The event may be the impact of the protrusion 310 on the toe of the charge, causing an impact vibration, which may cause a vibration signal signature, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate an indication of a first time relationship R between T (r); T D ; FI(r) data:

[0560] Event signatures appear, and

[0561] First and second appear.

[0562] As described above, the system 730 includes a control module 150B configured to receive data indicative of an internal state of the mill 10 from the mill monitoring modules 150, 150A. The data indicative of the internal state may include any information generated or transmitted by the state parameter extractor 450, such as those described in this disclosure with respect to Figure 1-Figure 25 Any of the ones described in . Fig.26 , the control module 150B includes a regulator 740 for controlling the angular toe position FI(r) based on the following: TOE (See Fig.26 Combination Figure 2 ):

[0563] Toe position reference value FI REF (r)(See Fig.26 ),

[0564] The first time relationship R T (r); T D ; FI(r)(see Figure 3-Figure 26 ),as well as

[0565] Toe position error value FI ERR (r)(See Fig.26 ).

[0566] Toe position error value (FI ERR (r)) depends on the toe position reference value FI REF (r) and the first time relationship R T (r); T D ; FI(r)(see Figure 3-Figure 26 ). Toe position reference value FI REF (r) can be entered manually ( Fig.26 ) is generated, but can be combined as above, for example Figure 1 Complete as discussed.

[0567] like Fig.26 As shown, the toe position error value (FI ERR (r)) may depend on the toe position reference value FI REF (r) and the first time relation R T (r); T D ; The difference between FI(r).

[0568] The regulator 740 may be configured to adjust the toe position reference value FI REF (r) to control the solid material feed rate set point R SSP . Combined Figure 1 The solid material feeding rate RS Depends on the solid material feed rate set point R SSP (See Fig.26 ). Figure 1 The solid material feeding rate R S It is the amount of solid material fed to the input end 100 of the roller mill 10 per unit time.

[0569] The regulator can also be configured to adjust the toe position reference value FI according to the toe position reference value FI REF (r) to control the liquid feed rate set point R LSP Liquid feed rate R L The liquid feed rate set point R LSP If combined with Figure 1 The liquid feed rate R L It can be the amount of liquid added to the input end 130 of the roller mill 10 per unit time. The first time relationship R T (r); T D FI(r) indicates the distance ratio between two adjacent protrusions 310 in the mill housing. The first time relationship R T (r); T D FI(r) indicates the position of the toe 205, A TOE (r)(combined Fig.26 See also Figure 2 ).

[0570] The event signature may indicate the impact force F generated when the protrusion 310 on the inner shell surface 22 of the rotating shell 20 interacts with the toe 205 of the charge material 30 IMP .

[0571] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate the first time relationship R T (r); T D ; FI(r), as the phase angle FI(r).

[0572] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate the event signature as the magnitude value S P (r); S P ; C L (r); C1(r).

[0573] The state parameter extractor 450 may include a device configured to generate the first time relationship R T (r); T D ; Fourier transformer 510 of FI(r) (see Fig.15 ).

[0574] As discussed in conjunction with Table 5, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to extract the total number of samples N from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B Furthermore, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to count another number of samples N from the first occurrence to the occurrence of the event. P The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate the first time relationship R based on the other number and the total number. T (r); T D ; FI(r).

[0575] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to extract the total number of samples N from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to count another number of samples N from the first occurrence to the occurrence of the event. P In addition, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate the first time relationship R based on the relationship between the other number and the total number. T (r); T D ; FI(r), wherein the relationship between the other quantity and the total number can indicate the position of the toe 205.

[0576] Various examples are disclosed below.

[0577] Example 1 relates to a system 5 for grinding a material, the system comprising:

[0578] The roller mill has a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis () for grinding a charge of material in the rotating housing by tumbling the material; wherein the housing has an inner housing surface, the inner housing surface including at least one protrusion configured to engage material within the housing;

[0579] A vibration sensor configured to detect mechanical vibration (V IMP ) to generate the analog measurement signal (S EA );

[0580] a position sensor configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating housing;

[0581] Signal recorder suitable for recording

[0582] - the digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[0583] - a time series of said position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[0584] - time information (i, dt; j),

[0585] So that:

[0586] The individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)) are associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of said individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)), and such that

[0587] an individual position signal value (P(i)) being associated with data indicative of a time of occurrence of said individual position signal value (P(i));

[0588] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in said recorded time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[0589] The signal processor is adapted to generate data indicative of a duration between an occurrence of the position signal value and an occurrence of the amplitude peak.

[0590] 2. The system of Example 1, wherein:

[0591] The signal processor is configured to generate a case filling data set indicating an internal filling state in the case; the case filling data set includes the amplitude peak value and the duration.

[0592] 3. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0593] The shell charge data set is indicative of the rotational speed of the rotating mill shell.

[0594] 4. A system according to any preceding example, wherein

[0595] The rotating shell is configured to accommodate more than 500 kg of charge material during operation of the roller mill.

[0596] 5. An electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the internal state of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, the tumbling mill monitoring system comprising:

[0597] A state parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0598] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , TD1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 );

[0599] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0600] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 ).

[0601] 6. The roller mill monitoring system according to Example 5, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further generates

[0602] The second internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, the second internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes a second impact force indication value (S P2 ) and the second time indication value (T D2 ),

[0603] The second impact force indication value (S P2 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0604] The second time indication value (T D2 ), which indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0605] The first internal state indicator data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a first point in time, and

[0606] The second internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a second time point.

[0607] 7. The roller mill monitoring system according to Example 6, wherein the first internal state indicator data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) combined with the internal state indicator data structure (S P2 , T D2 ) indicates the time course of the internal state of the grinding process.

[0608] 8. A roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0609] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0610] The housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate a signal indicating a housing speed (f ROT (j)), the housing speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the housing speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0611] 9. A roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0612] The shell speed detector (500) is configured to convert the first impact force indication value (S P1 ; (S(i)) and indicating roller mill housing speed (f ROT (j)) is associated with the value of

[0613] 10. A roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0614] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to maintain a synchronized time relationship between:

[0615] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(i); S(j)) and

[0616] The value indicating the rotation speed of the roller mill housing (f ROT (i)); f ROT (j)) of the said value.

[0617] 11. In an electronic roller mill monitoring system, for generating and displaying information related to a grinding process in a roller mill, the roller mill having a rotational speed (f ROT) a housing that rotates about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, wherein the housing has an inner housing surface that includes at least one protrusion configured to engage the material when the housing rotates about the axis (60),

[0618] a computer-implemented method of representing on a screen display the internal state of the grinding process in the tumble mill,

[0619] The method comprises:

[0620] Displayed on the screen display

[0621] A polar coordinate system having

[0622] reference point (O), and

[0623] A reference direction (0, 360); and

[0624] The first internal state indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ), which indicates the internal state of the grinding process, having a first radius (S) from the reference point (O) P1 ) and a first polar angle (T D1 ),

[0625] The first radius (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0626] The first polar angle (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 ).

[0627] 12. The method of example 11, wherein the method further comprises displaying on the screen display:

[0628] The second internal pointer object (S P2 , T D2 ), which has a second radius (S) from the reference point (O) P2 ) and a second polar angle (T D1 ),

[0629] The second radius (S P2) indicates the impact force (Sp; F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the charge material IMP ),as well as

[0630] The second polar angle (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0631] The first internal indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a first point in time, and

[0632] The second internal indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the internal state of the grinding process at a second time point.

[0633] 13. The method according to example 12, wherein the first internal state point (S P1 , T D1 ) and the second internal state point (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the time course of the internal state of the grinding process.

[0634] 14. An electronic roller mill monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to the internal status of a grinding process in a roller mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis (60) for grinding charge material (30) by tumbling the charge material in the rotating housing, the tumbling mill monitoring system comprising:

[0635] A state parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0636] A first internal state indicator data structure (550, S) indicating the internal state of the grinding process P1 , T D1 ), the first internal state indicator data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 );

[0637] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ) indicates the impact force (F) generated when the protrusions on the inner shell surface of the rotating shell interact with the toe of the charge materialIMP ),as well as

[0638] The first time indication value (T D1 ) indicates the impact force (F IMP ) and the duration (T D1 );in,

[0639] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0640] The housing speed detector (500) is configured to generate a signal indicating a housing speed (f ROT (j)), the housing speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the housing speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0641] 15. A roller mill monitoring system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0642] The shell speed detector (500) is configured to convert the first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(j)) and indicating roller mill housing speed (f ROT (j)) is associated with the value so that the speed (f ROT (j)) value indicates the impact force (F IMP ) occurs at the time point (j) at which the roller mill housing speed (f ROT (j)).

[0643] 16. A roller mill monitoring system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0644] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate:

[0645] The time course of the vibration signal value (S(i)) and the time course of the rotation reference position signal;

[0646] The state parameter extractor (450) further comprises:

[0647] A speed variation compensation extractor (470); the extractor (470) is configured to calculate the speed value (f ROT (j)) Extract the vibration signal value (S(i); S MD ) in order to generate an extracted vibration signal (S) comprising an extracted time course of the vibration signal value (R(q); Sp(r)) MDR ).

[0648] 17. The roller mill monitoring system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further comprises:

[0649] A fast Fourier converter (510) is configured to convert the extracted vibration signal (S MDR ) generates the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 ).

[0650] 18. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0651] The material comprises a mass of the material, the mass of material comprising a mineral.

[0652] 19. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0653] The roller mill (10) is operated to perform dry grinding.

[0654] 20. A system according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0655] The roller mill (10) operates to dry grind hard matter particles into a powder including cement.

[0656] 21. A method for generating information related to the internal state of a tumbling mill (10) having a rotational speed (f ROT ) a housing (20) rotating about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material in the rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310), the protrusions being configured to engage the material when the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising:

[0657] generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the rotational position of the rotating shell (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0658] detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0659] detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in said time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[0660] According to the mechanical vibration (VIMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0661] Detection event signature (S P (r); Sp) appears third in said time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0662] Generate instructions:

[0663] In the third occurrence (i.e. the event signature occurrence) and

[0664] between the first and second occurrence

[0665] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data.

[0666] 22. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0667] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent protrusions (310).

[0668] 23. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0669] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the relative toe position (205).

[0670] 24. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0671] The event signature indicates an impact force (F) generated when a protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface (22) of the rotating shell (20) interacts with the toe (205) of the charge material (30). IMP ).

[0672] 25. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0673] Generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), as the phase angle (FI(r)).

[0674] 26. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0675] Generate the event signature as the amplitude value (S P (r));Sp;C L (r); C1(r)).

[0676] 27. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0677] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) is generated by Fourier transform.

[0678] 28. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0679] The total number of samples from the first appearance to the second appearance (N B ) to count, and

[0680] Another number (N) of samples from the first to the third appearance P ) to count, and

[0681] Based on the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0682] 29. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0683] For the sample from the first appearance to the second appearance (N B ), and

[0684] Another number (N) of samples from the first to the third appearance P ) to count, and

[0685] Based on the relationship between the other number and the total number, the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[0686] 30. The method of example 29, wherein:

[0687] The relationship between the further number and the total number is indicative of a relative toe position (205).

[0688] 31. The method of example 29 or 30, wherein:

[0689] The relationship between the further number and the total number is indicative of the position of the toe (205) of the charge (30), the position being expressed as a fraction of the distance between two of the protrusions (310), the two protrusions (310A, 310B) being adjacent to each other on the inner shell surface (22).

[0690] 32. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0691] The reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) is generated at least once per rotation of the rotating housing (20).

[0692] 33. The method according to example 32, further comprising:

[0693] The rotating housing (20) generates a second number of the reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) per one rotation; the second number is equal to the first number (L).

[0694] 34. The method of example 32, further comprising:

[0695] The rotating housing (20) generates a second number of the reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) per one revolution; the second number is lower than the first number (L).

[0696] 35. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0697] Based on the detection of the rotation position mark (180), the reference position signal value (P S ; 1; 1C, 0%), wherein the rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotating shell (20).

[0698] 36. The method of Example 32, wherein:

[0699] Based on the detection of the rotational position mark (180), the rotating housing (20) generates a reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) at least once per rotation, wherein the rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotating housing (20).

[0700] 37. The method of Example 36, wherein:

[0701] By calculating based on the first number (L),

[0702] The first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and

[0703] The second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%)

[0704] at least one of .

[0705] 38. The method of Example 36, wherein:

[0706] Generate at an angle

[0707] The first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and

[0708] The second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%)

[0709] wherein a full circle of the shell is virtually or mathematically divided into a third number of mutually equal parts.

[0710] 39. The method of Example 38, wherein:

[0711] The third number is equal to the first number; and wherein the mutually equal portions correspond to the first number of equal distances between the protrusions (310).

[0712] 40. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0713] The protrusions are substantially equidistant from one another.

[0714] 41. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0715] Recording the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[0716] The occurrence of said event signature is detected in said recorded time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)).

[0717] 42. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0718] The event signature is an amplitude peak.

[0719] 43. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0720] Individual vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) are associated with individual position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[0721] 44. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0722] Based on the second time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) generates data indicating the instantaneous speed value:

[0723] The first occurrence of the first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%)

[0724] and said second occurrence of said second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%);

[0725] The instantaneous speed value (f ROT ) indicates the speed (f ROT ).

[0726] 45. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[0727] recording said time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) in a memory; and

[0728] The time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is recorded in the memory; wherein,

[0729] The step of detecting the occurrence of a reference position signal value (1; 1C) involves

[0730] The presence of said reference position signal value (1; 1C) in said recorded time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is detected.

[0731] 46. ​​A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0732] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the first internal state of the grinding mill.

[0733] 47. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0734] The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the first internal state of the grinding mill.

[0735] 48. The method according to any of the preceding examples or according to example 39, further comprising:

[0736] Data indicative of an absolute toe position value is generated based on the relative toe position value.

[0737] 49. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0738] The event signature is the peak amplitude value.

[0739] 50. A method according to any preceding example, wherein:

[0740] The speed (f ROT ) is the variable speed (f ROT ).

[0741] 51. A system for grinding a material, the system comprising:

[0742] The roller mill has a rotation speed (f ROT ) a housing rotating about an axis () for grinding a charge of material in the rotating housing by tumbling the material; wherein the housing has an inner housing surface, the inner housing surface comprising a first number of protrusions, the first number of protrusions being configured to engage material within the housing, the protrusions being arranged on the inner housing surface at equal mutual distances; the first number being at least 2;

[0743] A vibration sensor configured to detect mechanical vibration (V IMP ) to generate the analog measurement signal (S EA );

[0744] a position sensor configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating housing;

[0745] Signal recorder suitable for recording

[0746] - the digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[0747] - a time series of said position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[0748] - time information (i, dt; j),

[0749] Make

[0750] The individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)) are associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of said individual measurement data values ​​(S(j)), and such that

[0751] an individual position signal value (P(i)) being associated with data indicative of a time of occurrence of said individual position signal value (P(i));

[0752] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in said recorded time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[0753] The signal processor is adapted to generate

[0754] a second number of reference position signals per rotation of the housing, the second number of reference position signals being generated at equal angular distances based on the position signals; the second number being equal to the first number, and

[0755] Data indicative of the duration between an occurrence of said position signal value and an occurrence of said amplitude peak.

Claims

1. A system for controlling the internal state of a roller mill (10), the roller mill (10) having a housing (20) which rotates at a rotational speed (f ROT ) rotates about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material in a rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310), the protrusions (310) being configured to engage the material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the system comprising Means (170, 180) for generating a position signal (E) indicative of a rotational position of the rotating housing (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); Sensor (70, 70 IN , 70 OUT , 330), configured to generate mechanical vibration (V IMP ), to generate a vibration signal (S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); a state parameter extractor (450) configured to detect a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect an event signature (S P (r); third occurrence of Sp); The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate an indication The third occurrence, i.e. the event signature, occurs with The first occurrence and the second occurrence The first time relationship between T (r); T D ; FI(r) data; and A regulator for controlling the angular toe position (FI(r), A) based on TOE ): Toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), and Toe position error value (FI ERR (r)), where The toe position error value (FI ERR (r) depends on The toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), and The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The toe position error value (FI ERR (r) depends on The toe position reference value (FI REF (r)) and The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; The difference between FI(r).

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The regulator is configured to adjust the toe position reference value (FI REF (r)) to control the solid material feed rate set point (R SSP ), and among them, Solid material feeding rate (R S ) depends on the solid material feed rate set point (R SSP ), the solid material feeding rate (R S ) is the amount of solid material fed into the input end (100) of the roller mill (10) per unit time.

4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The regulator is configured to adjust the toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), to control the liquid feed rate set point (R LSP ), and among them, Liquid feed rate (R L ) depends on the liquid feed rate set point (R LSP ), the liquid feed rate (R L ) is the amount of liquid fed into the input end (130) of the roller mill (10) per unit time.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distances between two adjacent protrusions (310).

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the toe position.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The event signature indicates an impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface (22) of the rotating shell (20) interacts with the toe of the charge material (30). IMP ).

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), as the phase angle (FI(r)).

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate the event signature as a magnitude value (S P (r));Sp;C L (r); C1(r)).

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) comprises a Fourier transformer configured to generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to extract a total number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ) are counted, and The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to extract another number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ) are counted, and The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

12. The system of claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to extract a total number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ) are counted, and The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to extract another number (N) of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ) are counted, and The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate the first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), where: The relationship between the further number and the total number is indicative of a toe position.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein: The first number (L) is greater than one.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein: The device (170, 180) is configured to generate a certain number (L) of reference position signal values ​​per rotation of the rotating housing (20), the certain number (L) being equal to the first number (L).

15. A method for controlling the internal state of a roller mill (10), the roller mill (10) having a housing (20) which rotates at a rotational speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for grinding a charge material (30) by tumbling the material in a rotating housing; the housing (20) having an inner housing surface (22) including a first number (L) of protrusions (310), the protrusions (310) being configured to engage the material as the housing (20) rotates about the axis (60), the method comprising: Receiving a position signal (E) indicating a rotational position of the rotating housing (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); receiving mechanical vibration (V IMP ) of the vibration signal (S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Detecting, by a state parameter extractor (450), a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); detecting, by means of the state parameter extractor (450), a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); The event signature (S) is detected in the time series of the vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) by the state parameter extractor (450). P (r); third occurrence of Sp); The state parameter extractor (450) generates an indication First time duration and Another time duration The first time relationship between T (r); T D ; FI(r) data; where, the further time duration indicates a time between the first occurrence and the second occurrence; and The first time duration indicates that the first occurrence is in relation to the third occurrence (S P (r); Sp), or The first time duration indicates that the third occurrence (S P (r); Sp) and the time between the second occurrence; and The angular toe position (FI(r), A) is controlled by a regulator based on TOE ): Toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), and Toe position error value (FI ERR (r)), wherein the toe position error value (FI ERR (r) depends on: The toe position reference value (FI REF (r)), and The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The toe position error value (FI ERR (r) depends on: The toe position reference value (FI REF (r)) and The first time relationship (R T (r); T D ; The difference between FI(r).

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: The control includes: According to the toe position reference value (FI REF (r)) to control the solid material feed rate set point (R SSP ), and among them, Solid material feeding rate (R S ) depends on the solid material feed rate set point (R SSP ), the solid material feeding rate (R S ) is the amount of solid material fed into the input end (100) of the roller mill (10) per unit time.

18. The method according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: The control includes: According to the toe position reference value (FI REF (r)) to control the liquid feed rate set point (R LSP ), and among them, Liquid feed rate (R L ) depends on the liquid feed rate set point (R LSP ), the liquid feed rate (R L ) is the amount of liquid fed into the input end (130) of the roller mill (10) per unit time.

19. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The event signature indicates an impact force (F) generated when the protrusion (310) on the inner shell surface (22) of the rotating shell (20) interacts with the toe of the charge material (30). IMP ).

20. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The first number (L) is greater than one.

21. The method according to claim 15, wherein: Each rotation of the rotating housing (20) generates a certain number (L) of reference position signal values, the certain number (L) being equal to the first number (L).

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