Potato, soil and stem conveying and separation device and harvester

Abstract

The present invention provides a potato, soil, and stem conveying and separation device and a harvester, comprising a conveying and separation device comprising a potato-soil separation conveyor chain, a stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain, elastically opening and closing scraping teeth, a tensioning mechanism, a photoelectric gate sensor, an image acquisition device, and a control unit. The potato-soil separation conveyor chain is used to lift the potato-soil mixture and initially separate the soil from the potatoes. The stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain surrounds the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, and the elastically opening and closing scraping teeth are installed above the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain. The elastically opening and closing scraping teeth and the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain cooperate to separate the stems and leaves from the potatoes. The potato-soil separation conveyor chain is provided with a tensioning mechanism for adjusting the tension of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, thereby adjusting the spacing between the conveyor chain bars. The present invention improves the efficiency of potato-soil and potato-leaf separation, reduces congestion during the conveying process, and reduces the rate of potato skin breakage during the conveying and separation process, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of potato harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of potato, soil and stem conveying and separation, and in particular relates to a potato, soil and stem conveying and separation device and a harvester. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are highly nutritious, highly adaptable, and produce high yields. Their nutrients are easily digested and absorbed by the human body, contributing to the composition of the human diet. They can be used as both a vegetable and a grain, in the production of snack foods, and as an industrial raw material. Potato production uses less fertilizer and water than other staple foods, offers significant potential for yield increases, requires less arable land, and is resistant to droughts, cold temperatures, and infertility. It can also alleviate some land pressure. Rational potato cultivation is conducive to improving cropping structures, effectively increasing my country's grain output and enhancing food security, and playing a positive role in resolving structural contradictions in my country's grain production.

[0003] The spacing between the bars of the separation conveyor chain of traditional potato harvesting equipment is fixed. In some high-water-content soil operating environments, the minimum diameter of moist soil blocks is larger than the spacing between the bars, so they cannot be screened in time, and the potato-soil mixture accumulates and clogs, which can easily cause potatoes to be crushed. The traditional stem-and-leaf separation device uses a scraper structure to remove stems and leaves by a "patting" method. Potatoes are easily stretched or broken due to excessive force, and the scraper has no entanglement effect on the stems and leaves. It cannot achieve the effect of "not hindering the normal transportation of potatoes while blocking the stems and leaves", so the stem-and-leaf separation effect is poor.

[0004] It can be seen that the existing traditional single potato harvesting equipment has a high clay adhesion rate and damages the potato body, making it difficult to completely separate the stems and leaves from the potato body. Not only does it require a large amount of labor for subsequent picking and transportation work, but the harvested potatoes also require other subsequent processes to complete. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a potato, soil and stem conveying and separation device, which improves the efficiency of potato-soil separation and potato vine separation, reduces congestion in the conveying process, reduces the rate of potato skin breakage during the conveying and separation process, and improves the efficiency and quality of potato harvesting.

[0006] The present invention also provides a harvester, which includes the potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device.

[0007] Note that the description of these objectives does not preclude the existence of other objectives. Objectives other than the above objectives can be extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, and claims.

[0008] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0009] A potato, soil, and stem conveying and separating device, comprising a conveying and separating device, wherein the conveying and separating device comprises a potato-soil separation conveying chain, a stem-and-leaf separation conveying chain, elastically opening and closing scraping teeth, and a tensioning mechanism;

[0010] The stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain is surrounded by the outside of the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain, and the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth are installed above the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain. The elastic opening and closing scraping teeth and the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain are used to comb the stems and leaves from the potatoes; a tensioning mechanism is provided on the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain for adjusting the tension of the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain and thereby adjusting the spacing between the conveyor chain bars.

[0011] The above solution also includes a photoelectric door sensor and a control unit;

[0012] The photoelectric gate sensor is used to detect the time signal when the light beam is blocked by the conveyor chain rod of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain. The time signal includes "circuit break timing" and "pass timing" and is transmitted to the control unit. The control unit calculates the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain and the distance l between adjacent conveyor chain rods based on the time signal collected by the photoelectric gate sensor.

[0013] The above solution further includes an image acquisition device;

[0014] The image acquisition device is used to acquire an image of the potato-soil mixture on the potato-soil separation conveyor chain and transmit it to the control unit, which is used to adjust the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain according to the congestion situation displayed by the image.

[0015] In the above solution, the potato-soil separation conveyor chain includes a plurality of conveyor chain bars;

[0016] Both ends of adjacent conveyor chain bars are connected by herringbone torsion spring type connectors, and the adjacent two herringbone torsion spring type connectors are arranged in an upside-down direction.

[0017] Furthermore, a pair of pin holes are radially punched at both ends of the conveyor chain rod, and the herringbone torsion spring type connector is positioned axially in the rod by means of a cotter pin and a positioning baffle. Three positioning baffles are installed at each end of the conveyor chain rod and between a pair of cotter pins. The positioning baffles separate adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors connected to the conveyor chain rod in pairs; two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors cooperate with the same conveyor chain rod, and the two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors are arranged in an upside-down direction, and the two ends of the same conveyor chain rod cooperate with the two herringbone torsion spring type connectors respectively.

[0018] In the above scheme, the stem and leaf separation conveyor chain includes multiple transverse rubber rods and longitudinal rubber belts; the multiple transverse rubber rods are arranged transversely, and the multiple longitudinal rubber belts are arranged longitudinally, and the multiple transverse rubber rods and longitudinal rubber belts are interwoven to form a mesh structure; the transverse rubber rods are evenly distributed with finger-shaped flexible synapses, and the finger-shaped flexible synapses cooperate with the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth to comb the stems and leaves from the potatoes.

[0019] In the above solution, the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth include a fixed seat, a fixed shaft, a flexible rubber scraping tooth, a reset torsion spring and a slender rod;

[0020] The fixed seat is installed at both ends of the fixed shaft; the fixed shaft is installed parallel to the conveyor chain rod; one end of the flexible rubber scraping tooth is a sleeve structure, and several flexible rubber scraping teeth are sleeved on the fixed shaft; one end of the reset torsion spring is connected to the sleeve structure of the flexible rubber scraping tooth, and the other end is connected to the slender rod; the two ends of the slender rod are respectively connected to the fixed seat.

[0021] In the above solution, the tensioning mechanism includes a tensioning arm, a rotary shaft, a tensioning wheel and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder;

[0022] A transverse arm and a longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm intersect to form a "T"-shaped structure, and are connected to the end of the rotating shaft at the intersection, and a tensioning arm is connected to each end of the rotating shaft; a tensioning wheel is installed at each end of the transverse arm of the tensioning arm, and the tensioning wheel is in contact with the potato-soil separation conveyor chain; one end of the longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm is hinged to the adjusting hydraulic cylinder, and the other end is connected to the potato harvester frame, and the extension and contraction amount of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to change the tensioning degree of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain;

[0023] The tensioning mechanism is installed on the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, and the two tensioning wheels are located on the inner ring of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, and the two tensioning wheels are located on the outer ring of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain. When the tensioning mechanism is working, the two tensioning wheels are pressed upward by the lower surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, and the two tensioning wheels are pressed downward by the upper surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, and the opening of the herringbone torsion spring type connector is adjusted to adjust the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain rods.

[0024] In the above solution, the photoelectric gate sensor includes a first photoelectric gate sensor and a second photoelectric gate sensor;

[0025] The first photoelectric door sensor and the second photoelectric door sensor are respectively installed on both sides of the upper section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain;

[0026] The first photoelectric gate sensor and the second photoelectric gate sensor each include a laser, a sensor and a timer;

[0027] The laser is used to emit a light beam, the sensor is used to receive the light beam, and the timer is used to calculate the time from the first movement of the conveyor chain bar between the laser and the sensor to the light beam being blocked, i.e., the "break time" is recorded as t; the timer is also used to calculate the time from the first movement of the conveyor chain bar away from the laser and the sensor to the light beam being conducted until the next time it is blocked, i.e., the "pass time" is recorded as T;

[0028] The control unit receives the time signals calculated by the first photoelectric gate sensor and the second photoelectric gate sensor, and calculates the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain and the distance l between adjacent conveyor chain bars.

[0029] The calculation formula of the linear velocity v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where d is the diameter of the conveyor chain bar,

[0032] The calculation formula for the distance l between adjacent conveyor chain bars is as follows:

[0033] l=v·T.

[0034] A harvester comprises the potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention improves the efficiency of potato-soil separation and potato vine separation to a great extent through components such as the potato-soil separation conveyor chain, the stem-leaf separation conveyor chain, the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth, and the tensioning mechanism.

[0037] 2. The present invention reduces the potato skin breakage rate during the stem and leaf separation process and improves the potato-to-stalk separation efficiency and quality through the flexible mesh potato stem and leaf separation conveyor chain, the multi-stage elastic opening and closing scraping tooth structure, and the staggered structure composed of the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth and the finger-shaped flexible synapses on the transverse rubber rods.

[0038] 3. The present invention adjusts the distance between the bars through a tensioning mechanism. In a wet clay environment, the distance between the bars can be increased to speed up the soil screening speed, effectively reducing the congestion caused by the real-time transportation and separation process of the soil and potato mixture, thereby improving the separation efficiency and performance.

[0039] 4. The photoelectric gate sensor of the present invention detects the time signal when the light beam is blocked by the conveyor chain rod of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain. The time signal includes "circuit break timing" and "pass timing" and is transmitted to the control unit. The control unit calculates the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain and the distance l between adjacent conveyor chain rods based on the time signal collected by the photoelectric gate sensor.

[0040] 5. The image acquisition device of the present invention acquires an image of the potato-soil mixture on the potato-soil separation conveyor chain and transmits it to the control unit, which is used to adjust the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain according to the congestion situation displayed by the image. This allows the potato harvester operator to control the separation and congestion conditions of the potato-soil mixture on the separation conveyor chain in real time, and then adjust the operating parameters such as the linear speed of the separation conveyor chain and the rod spacing, thereby improving the operating performance of the conveying and separation device and improving the operating efficiency of the entire machine.

[0041] 6. The present invention not only improves the effects of potato-soil separation and potato vine separation, reduces the potato skin breakage rate, but also reduces the probability of blockage during the potato conveying and separation process, thereby improving the overall harvesting efficiency of the potato combine harvester.

[0042] Note that the description of these effects does not prevent the existence of other effects. Effects other than the above can be clearly seen and extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conveying and separating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stem and leaf separation conveyor chain according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of elastically opening and closing scraping teeth according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tensioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the working principle of a photoelectric door sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the information feedback device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a herringbone torsion spring type connector according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a return torsion spring according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a harvester according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure: 1. Excavation device, 2. Conveying and separating device, 2-1. Conveying chain for potato-soil separation, 2-2. Conveying chain for stem-leaf separation, 2-3. Elastic opening and closing scraping teeth, 2-4. Tensioning mechanism, 2-5. First photoelectric door sensor, 2-6. Second photoelectric door sensor, 2-7. Image acquisition device, 2-1-1. Conveying chain rod, 2-1-2. Split pin, 2-1-3. Positioning block, 2-1-4. Herringbone torsion spring connector, 2-2-1. Horizontal Rubber rod, 2-2-2. Longitudinal rubber belt, 2-3-1. Fixed seat, 2-3-2. Fixed shaft, 2-3-3. Flexible rubber scraping teeth, 2-3-4. Reset torsion spring, 2-3-5. Slender rod, 2-4-1. Tensioning arm, 2-4-2. Rotating shaft, 2-4-3. Tensioning pulley, 2-4-4. Adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 2-5-1. Laser, 2-5-2. Sensor, 2-5-3. Timer; 3. Input end of the separation lifting and reversing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] Figure 1-9 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device, which includes a conveying and separating device 2, which includes a potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, a stem and leaf separation conveying chain 2-2, elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 and a tensioning mechanism 2-4;

[0059] The input end of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1 is located behind the excavating device 1, and is used to lift the potato-soil mixture and initially separate the soil and potatoes; the input end of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1) is located behind the excavating device (1), and the output end of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1) is located in front of the input end (3) of the separation and lifting reversing device, and is used to lift the potato-soil mixture and initially separate the soil and potatoes; the stem and leaf separation conveying chain 2-2 is surrounded by the outside of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, and is elastically The opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 are installed above the stem-leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2. The elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 and the stem-leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2 are used to comb the stems and leaves from the potatoes; the tensioning mechanism 2-4 is installed at the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, and tensions the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 from the top and bottom respectively, and is used to adjust the tension of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and thus adjust the spacing between its conveyor chain rods 2-1-1, thereby adjusting the conveying and separation efficiency of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1.

[0060] According to this embodiment, preferably, it further includes a photoelectric door sensor and a control unit;

[0061] The photoelectric gate sensor is used to detect the time signal when the light beam is blocked by the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1 of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1. The time signal includes "circuit break timing" and "pass timing" and is transmitted to the control unit. The control unit calculates the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the spacing l between adjacent conveyor chain rods 2-1-1 based on the time signal collected by the photoelectric gate sensor, helping the machine operator to adjust the operating parameters of the entire machine in a timely manner.

[0062] According to this embodiment, preferably, it also includes an image acquisition device 2-7; the image acquisition device 2-7 is used to obtain the congestion image of the potato-soil mixture on the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and transmit it to the control unit, so that the driver can adjust the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 according to the congestion image of the potato-soil mixture.

[0063] According to this embodiment, preferably, the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 includes a plurality of conveyor chain rods 2-1-1, cotter pins 2-1-2, positioning baffles 2-1-3 and herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4; both ends of adjacent conveyor chain rods 2-1-1 are respectively connected by herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4 to form a closed-loop chain structure, and the two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4 are arranged in an upside-down flip direction.

[0064] Combine Figure 2 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, a pair of pin holes are punched radially at both ends of the conveying chain bar 2-1-1, and the herringbone torsion spring type connector 2-1-4 is positioned in the axial direction of the bar by the cotter pin 2-1-2 and the positioning baffle 2-1-3. Three positioning baffles 2-1-3 are installed at both ends of the conveying chain bar 2-1-1 and between the pair of cotter pins 2-1-2. The positioning baffles 2-1-3 will position the adjacent herringbone connected to the conveying chain bar 2-1-1 in pairs. The torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4 are separated; two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4 are matched with the same conveyor chain rod 2-1-1, and the two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4 are arranged in an upside-down direction, and the two ends of the same conveyor chain rod 2-1-1 are respectively matched with two herringbone torsion spring type connectors 2-1-4; the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1 and the herringbone torsion spring type connector 2-1-4 are cyclically connected in series to form a closed-loop chain structure.

[0065] Combine Figure 3 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the stem and leaf separation conveying chain 2-2 includes a plurality of transverse rubber rods 2-2-1 and a longitudinal rubber belt 2-2-2; the plurality of transverse rubber rods 2-2-1 are arranged transversely, and the plurality of longitudinal rubber belts 2-2-2 are arranged longitudinally, and the plurality of transverse rubber rods 2-2-1 and the longitudinal rubber belts 2-2-2 are interwoven to form a mesh structure; the transverse rubber rods 2-2-1 are evenly distributed with finger-like flexible synapses, and the finger-like flexible synapses cooperate with the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 to comb the stems and leaves from the potatoes.

[0066] Combine Figure 4As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 are provided at several levels above the stem-leaf separation conveying chain 2-2 according to the actual conveying distance requirements. In one embodiment of the present invention, there are at least three levels. Each level of the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3 includes a fixed seat 2-3-1, a fixed shaft 2-3-2, a flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3, a reset torsion spring 2-3-4 and a slender rod 2-3-5;

[0067] The fixed seat 2-3-1 is installed at both ends of the fixed shaft 2-3-2; the fixed shaft 2-3-2 is installed parallel to the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1; one end of the flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3 is a sleeve structure, and a plurality of flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 are sleeved on the fixed shaft 2-3-2; one end of the reset torsion spring 2-3-4 is connected to the sleeve structure of the flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3, and the other end is connected to the slender rod 2-3-5; both ends of the slender rod 2-3-5 are respectively connected to the fixed seat 2-3-1.

[0068] The length of the flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 sleeve structure is designed so that the distance between the tooth bodies of two adjacent flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 is consistent with the distance between adjacent finger-shaped flexible synapses evenly distributed on the transverse rubber rod 2-2-1, thereby ensuring that the flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 and the finger-shaped flexible synapses are staggered. Compared to conventional stem-and-leaf separation devices that use an opening-and-closing scraper structure to remove rice seedlings and other items from potatoes by "patting" them, the present invention operates by moving a stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2, to which stems and leaves are attached, forward. As the potato tubers pass through the elastic opening-and-closing scraping teeth 2-3, the potato tubers, supported by the finger-like flexible synapses of the transverse rubber rods 2-2-1, push the flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 aside and continue forward. After the potato tubers pass through, the flexible rubber scraping teeth 2-3-3 return to their original position under the action of the reset torsion springs 2-3-4. The interlaced structure formed with the finger-like flexible synapses of the transverse rubber rods 2-2-1 combs the stems and leaves away from the potato tubers, thereby ensuring the normal passage of potato tubers during operation while hooking and separating the rice seedlings and leaves attached to the potatoes. Furthermore, because each flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3 has its own reset function, the present invention can adapt to complex workloads and achieve excellent operational performance.

[0069] Combine Figure 5 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the tensioning mechanism 2-4 includes a tensioning arm 2-4-1, a rotary shaft 2-4-2, a tensioning wheel 2-4-3 and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4;

[0070] A transverse arm and a longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm 2-4-1 intersect to form a "T"-shaped structure, and are connected to the end of the rotating shaft 2-4-2 at the intersection. A tensioning arm 2-4-1 is connected to each end of the rotating shaft 2-4-2; a tensioning wheel 2-4-3 is installed at each end of the transverse arm of the tensioning arm 2-4-1, and the tensioning wheel 2-4-3 is in contact with the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1; the outer ring of the tensioning wheel 2-4-3 is made of rubber, so that it fits tightly with the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, ensuring the operational stability of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1;

[0071] One end of the longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm 2-4-1 is hinged to the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4, and the other end is connected to the potato harvester frame. The expansion and contraction amount of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4 is controlled to change the tensioning degree of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1; preferably, the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which changes the tensioning degree of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1 by adjusting the expansion and contraction amount.

[0072] The tensioning mechanism 2-4 is installed on the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, and the two tensioning wheels 2-4-3 are located on the inner ring of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, and the two tensioning wheels 2-4-3 are located on the outer ring of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1. When the tensioning mechanism 2-4 is working, the two tensioning wheels 2-4-3 are pressed upward by the lower surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, and the two tensioning wheels 2-4-3 are pressed downward by the upper surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain 2-1, thereby greatly improving the tensioning strength and effectively adjusting the opening of the herringbone torsion spring type connector 2-1-4, thereby adjusting the spacing between adjacent conveying chain rods 2-1-1.

[0073] Combine Figure 1 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the photoelectric gate sensor includes a first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and a second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6; the image acquisition device 2-7 is installed just above the upper section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the stem-leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2, and takes a bird's-eye view of the entire separation conveyor chain to obtain the congestion of the potato and soil mixture on the conveyor chain in real time; data and image information are transmitted between the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5, the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, the image acquisition device 2-7 and the control unit by wired or wireless means.

[0074] Combine Figure 1 As shown, the first photoelectric door sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric door sensor 2-6 are respectively installed on both sides of the upper section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, with one installed at each end;

[0075] Combine Figure 6As shown, the structures of the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6 are the same. Taking the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 as an example, the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 includes a laser 2-5-1, a sensor 2-5-2 and a timer 2-5-3; the laser 2-5-1 is used to emit a light beam, the sensor 2-5-2 is used to receive the light beam, and the timer 2-5-3 is used to calculate the "break timing" and "connection timing";

[0076] Under normal circumstances, the laser 2-5-1 emits a light beam and the sensor 2-5-2 receives the light beam. At this time, the timer 2-5-3 does not operate. When the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1 moves between the laser 2-5-1 and the sensor 2-5-2 for the first time and the light beam is blocked, the timer 2-5-3 is activated and performs "circuit break timing", that is, the time during which the light is blocked, recorded as t. When the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1 moves away from between the laser 2-5-1 and the sensor 2-5-2 for the first time, the light path is opened again. At this time, the timer 2-5-3 is activated and performs "circuit pass timing", that is, the time from when the light is turned on until it is blocked next time, recorded as T.

[0077] Combine Figure 7 As shown, the control unit receives the time signals calculated by the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, and calculates the linear speed v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the spacing l between adjacent conveyor chain bars 2-1-1, and displays them on a display connected to the control unit.

[0078] The calculation formula of the linear velocity v of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, d is the diameter of the conveyor chain bar 2-1-1,

[0081] The calculation formula for the 2-1-1 spacing l between adjacent conveyor chain bars is as follows:

[0082] l=v·T.

[0083] Furthermore, as the plurality of conveyor chain bars 2-1-1 sequentially pass between the laser 2-5-1 and the sensor 2-5-2, the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 collects t in real time. a and T a , recorded as t a1 、T a1 , t a2 、T a2 , t a3 、T a3 ……t an 、T anThe second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6 collects the time when the light beam is blocked in real time and is recorded as t b The time from the light being turned on to the next time it is blocked is recorded as T b , recorded as t a1 、T b1 , t b2 、T b2 , t b3 、T b3 ……t bn 、T bn , where n is the number of recorded times;

[0084] Taking into account the influence of unstable factors such as the working jitter of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the difference in the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain rods 2-1-1, the "circuit breaking time" t is determined by using a method of multiple calculations to remove the average value. The controller respectively calculates the average value of m "circuit breaking time" in n number of times continuously recorded by the first photoelectric door sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric door sensor 2-6, and then averages the average values ​​of the two photoelectric door sensors. In one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit respectively calculates 10 "circuit breaking time" t in n number of times continuously recorded by the first photoelectric door sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric door sensor 2-6. m to t m+9 , m∈N+ is used to obtain the average value, and the average values ​​of the two photoelectric gate sensors are averaged again. The calculation process is as follows:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] In the above formula, is the average value of m consecutive “break timings” of the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5, is the average value of m consecutive “break timings” of the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, is the average value of the “break timing” average values ​​measured by the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6 in the same time period;

[0089] Get the real-time linear speed of potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] The "path timing" T is determined by using a method of multiple calculations to remove the average value. The control unit calculates the average value of m "path timings" in the n-number time continuously recorded by the first photoelectric door sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric door sensor 2-6, and then averages the average values ​​of the two photoelectric door sensors. In one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit calculates 10 "path timings" T in the n-number time continuously recorded by the first photoelectric door sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric door sensor 2-6. m to T m+9 , m∈N+, calculate the average value, and then average the average values ​​of the two photoelectric gate sensors. The calculation process is as follows:

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Where, is the average value of m consecutive “pass timings” of the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5, is the average value of m consecutive “pass timings” of the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, is the average value of the “pass timing” average values ​​measured by the first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6 in the same time period;

[0096] Get the average spacing of adjacent conveyor chain bars 2-1-1 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0097]

[0098] According to this embodiment, preferably, the control unit also stores an empirical database of soil properties and the spacing l between adjacent conveyor chain bars 2-1-1, and the empirical database associates the optimal bar spacing l corresponding to different soil properties with the hydraulic expansion and contraction amount of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4; the operator inspects the soil texture of the harvesting field before harvesting, such as "sandy loam", "light loam", "heavy loam", "light clay", "heavy clay", etc., and inputs the soil type into the control unit through the input panel 2-8-3, and the control unit matches the optimal bar spacing l according to the input soil type, outputs the adjustment amount corresponding to the optimal bar spacing, and feeds back the optimal and precise control value of the hydraulic cylinder expansion and contraction amount to the operator through the display.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bar spacing is manually adjustable. Before the potato harvester operates, the operator pre-adjusts the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4 to an optimal value via the control unit. During operation, if the bar spacing does not meet the operational requirements due to actual operating conditions, such as varying soil moisture content on site, the operator can further adjust the bar spacing using the bar spacing adjustment module 2-8-4 based on the optimal value, based on the real-time congestion of the potato-soil mixture displayed on the display and based on their own experience. The operator can also adjust the speed of the driving hydraulic motor via the hydraulic control device in the cab to change the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and alleviate congestion. A higher linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 reduces congestion of the potato-soil mixture, but increases the potato damage rate. A larger spacing between adjacent conveyor chain bars 2-1-1 increases soil removal efficiency, but also increases the potato leakage rate. After the operator completes the adjustment, the control unit will feed back the updated line speed data of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, the spacing data of adjacent conveyor chain bars 2-1-1, and the image information of the potato-soil mixture congestion to the operator through the display based on the information received, so that the operator can understand the adjustment effect.

[0100] Combine Figure 8 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the hook-shaped structures at both ends of the herringbone torsion spring connector 2-1-4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of its central spiral structure to form a symmetrical structure torsion spring. The inner diameter of the hook-shaped structures at both ends is consistent with the diameter of the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1, and it is used to be mounted on the conveyor chain rod 2-1-1. The hook-shaped structures at both ends are respectively connected to the adjacent conveyor chain rod 2-1-1, and the central spiral structure stores or releases deformation energy through deformation. When the tensioning mechanism 2-4 is compressed, the central spiral structure of the herringbone torsion spring connector 2-1-4 deforms and stores deformation energy, the spacing between the hook-shaped structures at both ends increases, and the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain rods 2-1-1 increases. When the tensioning mechanism 2-4 is relaxed, the central spiral structure of the herringbone torsion spring connector 2-1-4 loses its deformation and gradually returns to its original state. At this time, the deformation energy is released, pulling the adjacent conveyor chain rods 2-1-1 closer together.

[0101] Combine Figure 9 As shown, according to this embodiment, preferably, the central spiral structure of the reset torsion spring 2-3-4 is sleeved on the outside of the flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3 sleeve structure, and stores or releases deformation energy through deformation; one end of the reset torsion spring 2-3-4 is a hook-shaped structure, which is connected to the slender rod 2-3-5 to provide support for the deformation of the reset torsion spring 2-3-4; the other end of the reset torsion spring 2-3-4 is bent at 90°, which fits with the tooth body of the flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3, and is used to transmit the force to the flexible rubber scraping tooth 2-3-3 to reset it.

[0102] Combine Figure 1 and 10 As shown, when the potato harvester is working, the potato-soil mixture excavated by the excavating device 1 is lifted and transported by the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1. During this process, the soil in the lower layer of the mixture gradually falls from the gaps between the conveyor chain bars 2-1-1, thereby achieving the effect of potato-soil separation; at the same time, under the action of the staggered structure composed of the outer stem and leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2 and the multi-stage elastic opening and closing scraping teeth 2-3, the potato tubers on the upper layer of the mixture and the stems and leaves connected thereto are combed away. A first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5 and a second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, mounted on the upper section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, monitor the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain links 2-1-1 in real time. An image acquisition device 2-7, mounted directly above the upper sections of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the stem-leaf separation conveyor chain 2-2, captures the congestion of the potato-soil mixture on the conveyor chains in real time. The first photoelectric gate sensor 2-5, the second photoelectric gate sensor 2-6, and the image acquisition device 2-7 transmit this information to a control unit via wired or wireless communication. The control unit processes the data and provides feedback to the operator via a display. The operator assesses the current workload and adjusts the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 and the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain links 2-1-1. This spacing is achieved by controlling the tension of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 by a tensioning mechanism 2-4, mounted on the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1, tensioning the potato-soil separation conveyor chain 2-1 from both the top and bottom. Extending hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4 reduces tension and decreases the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain links 2-1-1. This reduces soil separation efficiency, but also reduces potato leakage and improves transport stability. Shortening hydraulic cylinder 2-4-4 increases tension and increases the spacing between adjacent conveyor chain links 2-1-1. This improves soil separation efficiency, but also increases potato leakage and reduces transport stability. The control unit also provides feedback to the operator via the controller regarding the adjusted operating parameters, helping them assess whether the current operating parameters meet the workload.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] Combine Figure 10 As shown, a harvester includes the potato, soil and stem conveying and separation device described in Example 1, and thus has the beneficial effects described in Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0105] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0106] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for conveying and separating potatoes, soil and stems, characterized in that: It comprises a conveying and separating device (2), wherein the conveying and separating device (2) comprises a potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1), a stem-leaf separation conveying chain (2-2), elastically opening and closing scraping teeth (2-3), and a tensioning mechanism (2-4); The stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain (2-2) surrounds the outside of the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1); elastic opening and closing scraping teeth (2-3) are installed above the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain (2-2); the elastic opening and closing scraping teeth (2-3) and the stem-and-leaf separation conveyor chain (2-2) cooperate to comb the stems and leaves off the potatoes; a tensioning mechanism (2-4) is provided on the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) for adjusting the tension of the potato-and-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) and thereby adjusting the spacing between its conveyor chain bars (2-1-1); Also included are photoelectric gate sensors and control units; The photoelectric gate sensor is used to detect a time signal when a light beam is blocked by a conveyor chain bar (2-1-1) of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1). The time signal includes a "break timing" and a "pass timing" and is transmitted to a control unit. The control unit calculates the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) based on the time signal collected by the photoelectric gate sensor. Spacing between adjacent conveyor chain bars (2-1-1) ; The potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) comprises a plurality of conveyor chain bars (2-1-1); both ends of adjacent conveyor chain bars (2-1-1) are connected by herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4), and the adjacent two herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4) are arranged in an upside-down direction; The tensioning mechanism (2-4) comprises a tensioning arm (2-4-1), a rotary shaft (2-4-2), a tensioning wheel (2-4-3) and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder (2-4-4); A transverse arm and a longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm (2-4-1) intersect to form a "T"-shaped structure, and are connected to the shaft end of the rotating shaft (2-4-2) at the intersection. Both ends of the rotating shaft (2-4-2) are connected to a tensioning arm (2-4-1). Tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are installed at both ends of the transverse arm of the tensioning arm (2-4-1). The tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are in contact with the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1). One end of the longitudinal arm of the tensioning arm (2-4-1) is hinged to the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (2-4-4), and the other end is connected to the potato harvester frame. The extension and contraction amount of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder (2-4-4) is controlled to change the tensioning degree of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1). The tensioning mechanism (2-4) is installed on the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1), and the two tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are located on the inner ring of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1), and the two tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are located on the outer ring of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1). When the tensioning mechanism (2-4) is in operation, the two tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are pressed upward by the lower surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1), and the two tensioning wheels (2-4-3) are pressed downward by the upper surface of the lower section of the potato-soil separation conveying chain (2-1), thereby adjusting the opening of the herringbone torsion spring type connector (2-1-4) and thereby adjusting the spacing between adjacent conveying chain bars (2-1-1). The photoelectric gate sensor comprises a first photoelectric gate sensor (2-5) and a second photoelectric gate sensor (2-6); The first photoelectric door sensor (2-5) and the second photoelectric door sensor (2-6) are respectively installed on both sides of the upper section of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1); The first photoelectric gate sensor (2-5) and the second photoelectric gate sensor (2-6) each include a laser (2-5-1), a sensor (2-5-2) and a timer (2-5-3); The laser (2-5-1) is used to emit a light beam, the sensor (2-5-2) is used to receive the light beam, and the timer (2-5-3) is used to calculate the time from the first movement of the conveyor chain bar (2-1-1) between the laser (2-5-1) and the sensor (2-5-2) to the light beam being blocked, that is, the "break time" is recorded as t; the timer (2-5-3) is also used to calculate the time from the first movement of the conveyor chain bar (2-1-1) away from the laser (2-5-1) and the sensor (2-5-2) to the light being conducted until the next time it is blocked, that is, the "pass time" is recorded as T; The control unit receives the time signals calculated by the first photoelectric door sensor (2-5) and the second photoelectric door sensor (2-6), and calculates the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1). Spacing between adjacent conveyor chain bars (2-1-1) , Linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the diameter of the conveyor chain bar (2-1-1), Spacing between adjacent conveyor chain bars (2-1-1) The calculation formula is as follows: 。 2. The potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included is an image acquisition device (2-7); The image acquisition device (2-7) is used to acquire an image of the potato-soil mixture on the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) and transmit it to the control unit, and is used to adjust the linear speed of the potato-soil separation conveyor chain (2-1) according to the congestion situation displayed by the image. .

3. The potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pair of pin holes are radially punched at both ends of the conveyor chain rod (2-1-1), and the herringbone torsion spring type connector (2-1-4) is positioned in the axial direction of the rod by means of a cotter pin (2-1-2) and a positioning baffle (2-1-3). Three positioning baffles (2-1-3) are respectively installed at both ends of the conveyor chain rod (2-1-1) and between the pair of cotter pins (2-1-2). The positioning baffles (2-1-3) separate adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4) connected to the conveyor chain rod (2-1-1) in pairs; two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4) cooperate with the same conveyor chain rod (2-1-1), and the two adjacent herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4) are arranged in an upside-down direction, and the two ends of the same conveyor chain rod (2-1-1) respectively cooperate with the two herringbone torsion spring type connectors (2-1-4).

4. The potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stem and leaf separation conveying chain (2-2) comprises a plurality of transverse rubber rods (2-2-1) and a longitudinal rubber belt (2-2-2); the plurality of transverse rubber rods (2-2-1) are arranged transversely, and the plurality of longitudinal rubber belts (2-2-2) are arranged longitudinally, and the plurality of transverse rubber rods (2-2-1) and the longitudinal rubber belts (2-2-2) are interwoven to form a mesh structure; the transverse rubber rods (2-2-1) are uniformly provided with finger-shaped flexible synapses, and the finger-shaped flexible synapses cooperate with elastic opening and closing scraping teeth (2-3) to comb the stems and leaves off the potatoes.

5. The potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The elastic opening and closing scraping teeth (2-3) comprise a fixed seat (2-3-1), a fixed shaft (2-3-2), a flexible rubber scraping tooth (2-3-3), a reset torsion spring (2-3-4) and a slender rod (2-3-5); The fixed seat (2-3-1) is installed at both ends of the fixed shaft (2-3-2); the fixed shaft (2-3-2) is installed in parallel with the conveyor chain bar (2-1-1); one end of the flexible rubber scraping tooth (2-3-3) is a shaft sleeve structure, and a plurality of flexible rubber scraping teeth (2-3-3) are sleeved on the fixed shaft (2-3-2); one end of the reset torsion spring (2-3-4) is connected to the shaft sleeve structure of the flexible rubber scraping tooth (2-3-3), and the other end is connected to the slender rod (2-3-5); both ends of the slender rod (2-3-5) are respectively connected to the fixed seat (2-3-1).

6. A harvester, characterized in that: It comprises the potato, soil and stem conveying and separating device as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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