A dust suppressant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of dust suppression sprays, and specifically discloses a dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. A dust suppressant includes a foaming agent, a polymer film-forming agent, a surfactant, a UV glue, a biological enzyme, and a residual solvent. Its preparation method includes pretreatment of formula raw materials, preparation of material A, preparation of material B, and pressurized filling of mixed material A and material B. The bonding layer formed by a dust suppressant of the present application has excellent solidification moisture content, hygroscopic strength and wind erosion resistance; in addition, the preparation method of the present application can achieve the advantages of large-scale production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of dust suppression sprays, and in particular relates to a dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dust refers to particulate matter emitted into the air in environments such as unclosed roads, open-air operations, or garbage dumps during the production process due to wind, human activities, or other factors. There are two main ways to control on-site dust: one is to take preventive measures, that is, to control the generation of dust from the source by changing production behavior; the other is to reduce the amount, that is, to reduce dust emissions through engineering measures. At present, the commonly used dust reduction measure in my country is conventional water spraying control. This control method has high requirements for water and the effect lasts for a short time. Repeated spraying will accelerate the natural weathering rate of exposed ground, leading to the generation of respiratory dust. Some foreign construction sites have adopted new dust reduction agents to treat exposed ground, with good results.

[0003] In the related art, a dust suppressant and a preparation method are disclosed. The invention is a biodegradable dust suppressant, which uses biological enzymes, natural polymer film-forming agents from plants and raw materials extracted from plants, and uses polymer film-forming agents to form a closed film, which is sprayed on urban roads to effectively block the dust generated by the roads. However, in actual use, large particles are prone to splashing due to collisions and continue to raise dust, and the dust suppressant has a poor dust suppression effect on the dust. At the same time, the dust suppressant has a poor effect on the treatment of soil consolidation, which cannot meet production needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to enhance the dust reduction and soil consolidation effects of the inhibitor, the present application provides a dust inhibitor and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a dust suppressant, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] Based on 100 parts by weight of raw materials, the composition includes 2-4 parts of foaming agent, 1-7 parts of polymer film-forming agent, 35-50 parts of surfactant, 2-4 parts of UV glue, 1-6 parts of biological enzyme and the balance of solvent.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, UV glue, polymer film-forming agent and biological enzyme are added to the dust suppressant. Within the spraying range of the spray, the dispersed UV glue can adhere to the dust and then be cured by light irradiation, so that the dust is solidified to form large particles, thereby reducing the subsequent generation of dust. Under the catalytic action of the biological enzyme, the grafting modification inside the polymer film-forming agent is realized. After the spray is sprayed, the grafted structure of the polymer film-forming agent can adhere to the covering soil, exposed surface, etc. to form a bonding layer. The porous structure of the bonding film enhances the adsorption performance of dust. At the same time, the bonding layer formed by the polymer film-forming agent has the function of retaining water and absorbing moisture, thereby improving the effect of preventing and controlling dust after the dust spray is sprayed.

[0008] Preferably, based on the foaming agent, the foaming agent includes 5-15 parts of azodicarbonamide, 2-3 parts of zinc oxide, and 1-4 parts of zinc stearate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical scheme, azodicarbonamide is used as a foaming agent; zinc stearate plays an emulsifying role; zinc oxide is used as a reinforcing agent, and the bonding layer formed by the polymer film-forming agent under the action of biological enzymes enhances the wind erosion resistance, tear resistance and elasticity of the bonding layer, while preventing ultraviolet rays from corroding the bonding layer.

[0010] Preferably, the polymer film-forming agent is one or more of chitosan, carboxyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, a large number of active groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups are present in chitosan, sodium carboxycellulose and polyvinyl alcohol. Under the action of biological enzymes, grafting can form a large number of three-dimensional spatial network structures with strong adsorption. The solution of the material has a certain viscosity and strong adhesion, and can adhere to the ground, roads and other environments. The material is environmentally friendly, has little pollution to the environment, and is biodegradable.

[0012] Preferably, based on the polymer film-forming agent, it includes 2-4 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of sodium carboxycellulose, and 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, the bonding layer formed has the best curing effect, and has excellent water retention, moisture absorption and dust suppression effects.

[0014] Preferably, the biological enzyme is one or more of tyrosinase, peroxidase and laccase.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the biological enzyme can quickly act on the polymer film-forming agent to form a grafted spatial network structure, and can quickly form a bonding layer on the covered soil and exposed surface.

[0016] Preferably, the solvent comprises petroleum ether and water, and the weight ratio of the petroleum ether to water is 1:(6-10).

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, each raw material component can be fully dissolved and the foaming is stable.

[0018] Preferably, the surfactant is a silicon-based nonionic surfactant.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution and adding surfactants, the UV glue can be fully activated and the bonding strength of large particles after agglomeration can be enhanced; the surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the UV glue, allowing the biological enzyme to be fully mixed and evenly mixed; the silicon-modified non-ionic surfactant can enhance the wind erosion resistance of the bonding layer.

[0020] Preferably, the surfactant is prepared by the following steps:

[0021] Step 1), the nonionic surfactant is heated and stirred for 10-15 minutes under a protective nitrogen atmosphere;

[0022] Step 2), after sufficient dissolution, under the protection of supercritical CO2, adding organic filler, and sequentially adding silicon-based modifier dropwise to obtain the silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant.

[0023] Preferably, the organic filler is a fluorosilicone resin; the silicon-based modifier is a mixture of 2-3 parts of polyglycerol monoalkyl ether, 2-3 parts of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, and 1-2 parts of tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane;

[0024] The mass ratio of fluorosilicone resin to nonionic surfactant is (1-4):100;

[0025] The mass ratio of the silicon-based modifier to the nonionic surfactant is (1-4):100.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the non-ionic surfactant is modified, and the obtained silicon-based modified non-ionic surfactant can make the bonding layer and the large particles formed by UV glue curing have good wind erosion resistance.

[0027] The present application provides a method for preparing a dust suppressant using the following technical solution:

[0028] The following steps are involved:

[0029] S1, drying the raw materials except the solvent at 50-60°C for 6-8h to remove moisture from the formula raw materials;

[0030] S2, heating the solvent to 70-80°C, slowly adding the foaming agent and polymer film-forming agent in the formula, stirring thoroughly for 5-10 minutes, and obtaining material A through an ultrasonic foaming machine;

[0031] S3, stir the surfactant, UV glue and biological enzyme evenly, and let them stand for activation for 30-40 minutes to obtain material B;

[0032] S4, mixing the prepared material A and material B and filling them under pressure to obtain the dust suppressant.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the polymer film-forming agent is foamed and can be fully mixed; material A can be left for a long time and can be directly mixed after compounding material B, thus meeting the needs of large-scale production.

[0034] In summary, the present application has at least one or more of the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. Since the present application adds UV glue, polymer film-forming agent and biological enzyme, within the spraying range of the spray, the dispersed UV glue can adhere to the dust and then be cured by light irradiation, so that the dust is solidified to form large particles, thereby reducing the subsequent generation of dust; under the catalytic action of the biological enzyme, the grafting modification inside the polymer film-forming agent is realized, and after the spray is sprayed, the grafted structure of the polymer film-forming agent can adhere to the covering soil and exposed surface to form a bonding layer, and the adsorption performance of the dust is enhanced through the porous structure of the bonding film. At the same time, the bonding layer formed by the polymer film-forming agent has the function of retaining water and absorbing moisture, thereby improving the effect of preventing and controlling dust after the dust spray is sprayed.

[0036] 2. The preferred foaming agents in this application include azodicarbonamide, zinc oxide, and zinc stearate. Azodicarbonamide is used as the foaming agent; zinc stearate plays an emulsifying role; zinc oxide is used as a reinforcing agent, and the bonding layer formed by the polymer film-forming agent under the action of biological enzymes enhances the wind erosion resistance, tear resistance and elasticity of the bonding layer, and at the same time prevents ultraviolet rays from eroding the bonding film.

[0037] 4. The preferred polymer film-forming agents in this application are chitosan, sodium carboxycellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. Under the action of biological enzymes, grafting can form a large number of three-dimensional spatial network structures and have strong adsorption properties; the solution of the material has a certain viscosity and strong adhesion, and can adhere to the ground, roads and other environments; the material is environmentally friendly, has little pollution to the environment, and is biodegradable.

[0038] 5. The preferred addition of surfactants in this application can fully activate the UV glue and enhance the bonding strength of large particles after agglomeration; the surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the UV glue, allowing the biological enzyme to be fully mixed and evenly mixed; the silicon-modified non-ionic surfactant can enhance the wind erosion resistance of the bonding layer.

[0039] 6. The preferred biological enzymes used in this application are tyrosinase, peroxidase, and laccase. Since the biological enzymes can quickly act on the polymer film-forming agent to form a grafted spatial network structure, they can quickly form a bonding layer on the covered soil and exposed surface.

[0040] 7. In the method of the present application, the polymer film-forming agent is subjected to foaming treatment and can be fully mixed and uniform; material A can be left for a long time and can be directly mixed after compounding material B, meeting the needs of large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to overcome the problems in the prior art that large particles are prone to splashing and continuing to raise dust due to collision during use, and the dust suppressant has poor dust reduction effect on dust, and at the same time, the dust suppressant has poor treatment effect on soil consolidation, the applicant found that natural polymer film-forming agents have high biodegradability, can be quickly decomposed by biodegradation in the natural environment, and the duration is short. Large particles are prone to splashing and continuing to raise dust due to collision, and the dust suppressant has poor dust reduction effect on dust. During the research process, the applicant used a polymer film-forming agent to suppress dust. After the spray is sprayed, it can adhere to the exposed ground, and graft under the catalytic conversion of biological enzymes. The active groups in the polymer film-forming agent are combined to form a rich spatial network structure, and the spatial network structure can adsorb particles that fall off the ground to form dust. After the surfactant is fully activated, the surface tension of the UV glue is reduced. After the spray is sprayed, the UV glue droplets quickly adhere to the dust in the air within the spray range, causing it to agglomerate into large particles and settle. The present invention is derived on this basis.

[0042] The following examples further illustrate the present application in detail. It is particularly noted that if no specific conditions are specified in the following examples, the reaction is carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples can be obtained from common commercial sources.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A method for preparing a dust suppressant comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1, drying the raw materials except the solvent at 50°C for 6 hours to remove moisture from the formula raw materials;

[0046] S2, heating the solvent to 70°C, slowly adding 2kg of foaming agent and 1kg of polymer film-forming agent in the formula, stirring thoroughly for 10 minutes, and obtaining material A by ultrasonic foaming;

[0047] S3, 35kg of silicon-modified nonionic surfactant, 2kg of UV glue, and 1kg of biological enzyme were fully stirred and left to stand for activation for 40 minutes to obtain material B;

[0048] S4, mixing the prepared material A and material B and filling them under pressure to obtain a dust suppressant.

[0049] The silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant described in Example 1 is prepared in the following manner:

[0050] Step 1), add 25 kg of non-ionic surfactant to the condensing kettle, heat and stir for 15 minutes under a protective nitrogen atmosphere; step 2), after sufficient dissolution, under the protection of supercritical CO2, add 0.25 kg of fluorosilicone resin organic filler, and add 0.25 kg of a silicon-based modifier of a mixture of polyglycerol monoalkyl ether, hydrogenated silicone oil, and tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane in a mass ratio of 2:2:1 dropwise to obtain the silicon-modified non-ionic surfactant.

[0051] The polymer film-forming agent is chitosan, the solvent is a mixture of petroleum ether and water in a mass ratio of 1:8, and the biological enzyme is tyrosinase.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A method for preparing a dust suppressant comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1, drying the raw materials except the solvent at 55°C for 7 hours to remove moisture from the formula raw materials;

[0055] S2, heating the solvent to 75°C, slowly adding 4kg of foaming agent and 7kg of polymer film-forming agent in the formula, stirring thoroughly for 10 minutes, and obtaining material A by ultrasonic foaming;

[0056] S3, 35kg of silicon-modified nonionic surfactant, 2kg of UV glue, and 1kg of biological enzyme were fully stirred and allowed to stand for activation for 35 minutes to obtain material B;

[0057] S4, mixing the prepared material A and material B and filling them under pressure to obtain a dust suppressant.

[0058] The silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant described in Example 1 is prepared in the following manner:

[0059] Step 1), add 25kg of nonionic surfactant to the condensing kettle, heat and stir for 15min under a protective nitrogen atmosphere; step 2), after sufficient dissolution, add 1kg of fluorosilicone resin organic filler under the protection of supercritical CO2, and add 1kg of silicon-based modifier of a mixture of polyglycerol monoalkyl ether, hydrogenated silicone oil and tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane in a mass ratio of 3:3:2 dropwise to obtain the silicon-modified nonionic surfactant.

[0060] The polymer film-forming agent is chitosan, the solvent is a mixture of petroleum ether and water in a mass ratio of 1:8, and the biological enzyme is tyrosinase.

[0061] As shown in Table 1, the difference between Examples 3-5 and Example 2 is that the ratio of raw materials is different.

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] The difference between Examples 6 and 8 is that zinc oxide and zinc stearate are added to the foaming agent, and the proportions of the components in the foaming agent are as shown in Table 2.

[0065] The method for preparing the foaming agent is as follows: adding azodicarbonamide, zinc oxide and zinc stearate into a reaction kettle, and stirring them thoroughly to obtain the foaming agent.

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] The difference between Examples 9-11 and Example 8 is that sodium carboxycellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are added to the polymer film-forming agent, and the proportions of the components are shown in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3

[0071]

[0072] Example 12

[0073] The difference between Example 12 and Example 11 is that the biological enzyme in Example 12 is a mixed biological enzyme with a mass ratio of tyrosinase, peroxidase and laccase of 1:1:1.

[0074] Comparative Example

[0075] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that no polymer film-forming agent is added in Comparative Example 1.

[0076] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that no silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant is added in Comparative Example 2.

[0077] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that no biological enzyme is added in Comparative Example 3.

[0078] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that no UV glue is added in Comparative Example 4.

[0079] Comparison example

[0080] The difference between the control example and Example 12 is that the control example suppresses dust by sprinkling water.

[0081] Application Example 1

[0082] The dust suppressant obtained by compounding in Example 12 is applied to a construction plant where dust is generated.

[0083] Application Example 2

[0084] The dust suppressant obtained by compounding in Example 12 is applied to the covering soil, exposed surface, ground, roads, etc. at the construction site.

[0085] Performance testing experiment

[0086] The following performance tests were conducted on the dust suppressants provided in Examples 1-12, Comparative Examples 1-4 and the control examples of the present application. The test data are shown in Table 4. The experimental objects of the embodiments and comparative examples are dust, and the spraying amount is 2.0 kg / m 2 ~3.0kg / m 2 The test contents include water retention and moisture absorption test, and wind erosion test.

[0087] Water retention and moisture absorption test

[0088] The research results of dust raising mechanism show that if the moisture content of dust consolidation is above 4%, the generation of dust can be effectively prevented.

[0089] Take completely dried soil samples, 200g of sand and soil from each sample, and spray the same mass m of dust suppressant as that in this application. 药剂 , placed in a room with a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 50%, allowed to evaporate naturally, and weighed after 480 hours. 终 , calculate the consolidation moisture content. Calculate the consolidation moisture content according to formula (1-1). Place the soil sample in a drying oven and dry it completely. Take it out and weigh it. 干 , placed in a room with a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 50% to absorb moisture naturally, and weighed after 240 hours. 终 , calculate the hygroscopic strength. Calculate the hygroscopic strength according to (1-2).

[0090] s is the soil sample area (1-2)

[0091] Wind erosion experiment

[0092] Dust is generated when fine particles on the open surface are lifted up by external forces and suspended in the air. A blower is used to simulate different wind forces and act on the surface of the soil sample. The dust suppression efficiency of this dust suppressant is studied by measuring the amount of sand and soil loss.

[0093] Weigh the completely dried soil samples separately, take 200g of sand and soil for each sample, spray the same mass of dust suppressant as in this application, place the soil samples in a drying oven to completely dry, take them out and weigh m 干, use the blower to simulate 5 levels of wind force, act on the soil sample in the horizontal direction, the action time is 30min, and weigh the mass of the soil sample after the action m 终 , calculate the loss rate according to formula (1-3) to get the dust suppression efficiency.

[0094] For Application Example 1 of this application, the application scenario is a construction plant that generates dust. The dust reduction effect of the dust-raising agent within 15 minutes is explored, and when no construction activities are carried out but human factors activities are created, the concentration of particulate matter is compared with the initial concentration after 2 hours.

[0095] For Application Example 2 of the present application, the experimental objects are the covering soil, exposed surface, ground, roads, etc. of the construction site, and the duration of the curing effect of the bonding layer formed by the polymer film-forming agent is investigated.

[0096] The performance tests of various embodiments and comparative examples are shown in Table 4 below.

[0097] Table 4

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] In Examples 1-5, the content of the polymer film-forming agent in Example 1 is relatively low, and its dust suppression efficiency is lower than that in Examples 2-5. The content of the biological enzyme component in Example 4 is increased, and the active groups of the polymer film-forming agent are grafted to form a rich spatial network structure, and its dust suppression efficiency is better.

[0101] In Examples 6-8, zinc oxide and zinc stearate are added to the foaming agent. Zinc oxide is used as a reinforcing agent to enhance the wind erosion resistance of the bonding layer, and the overall performance is better.

[0102] In Examples 9-11, sodium carboxycellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are added to increase the richness of active groups in the polymer film-forming agent. Under the catalytic action of biological enzymes, a richer three-dimensional spatial network structure is formed inside the bonding layer, and its solidification moisture content, moisture absorption strength and dust suppression effect are further enhanced.

[0103] In comparative example 1, no polymer film-forming agent is added, but the dust suppressant contains UV glue, which can also solidify and stick to the surface of sand under light, and has a certain water retention. In this application, the UV glue is mainly aimed at dust in the air, and the polymer film-forming agent plays a major role in the sand. If there is no polymer film-forming agent, after a period of curing, dust will continue to be generated due to the decrease in the solidification moisture content.

[0104] In Comparative Example 2, no silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant was added, and its anti-wind erosion ability was relatively weakened.

[0105] No biological enzyme was added in Comparative Example 3. The main function of the biological enzyme is to graft the active groups in the polymer film-forming agent to form a three-dimensional network structure, which makes the bonding layer have strong water retention and dust suppression effect. After curing for a period of time, although it has certain water retention and moisture absorption strength, its dust suppression efficiency is relatively poor because the active groups are not grafted.

[0106] In comparative example 4, no UV glue is added. The UV glue is mainly used to remove dust in the initial air and can quickly reduce dust. It has little coating effect on application environments such as covering soil. The absolute role is played by the polymer film-forming agent forming a bonding layer under the action of biological enzymes.

[0107] The control example is water sprinkling to suppress dust generation. The experimental data results show that its solidification moisture content, moisture absorption strength and dust suppression efficiency are almost lost.

[0108] In application example 1, within 15 minutes, the dust particle concentration in the construction workshop decreased by 98.60%, and during human activities, the average particle concentration decreased by 97.50% compared with the initial concentration within 2 hours. It has a very good dust reduction efficiency for the dust particles in the air, and during human activities, dust no longer turns into dust.

[0109] In Application Example 2, the consolidation time of the topsoil, exposed surface, ground, roads, etc. at the construction site can reach 100-150 days, meeting the actual needs of production projects.

[0110] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A dust suppressant, characterized in that: Based on 100 parts by weight of the raw materials, the composition comprises 2-4 parts of a foaming agent, 1-7 parts of a polymer film-forming agent, 35-50 parts of a surfactant, 2-4 parts of a UV adhesive, 1-6 parts of a biological enzyme, and the balance of solvent; Based on the foaming agent, the foaming agent includes 5-15 parts of azodicarbonamide, 2-3 parts of zinc oxide, and 1-4 parts of zinc stearate; Based on the polymer film-forming agent, the polymer film-forming agent includes 2-4 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of sodium carboxycellulose, and 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; The biological enzyme is one or more of tyrosinase, peroxidase and laccase.

2. A dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent includes petroleum ether and deionized water, and the weight ratio of the petroleum ether to water is 1:(6-10).

3. A dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surfactant is a silicon-modified nonionic surfactant.

4. A dust suppressant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant is prepared by the following steps: Step 1), the nonionic surfactant is heated and stirred for 10-15 minutes under a protective nitrogen atmosphere; Step 2), after being fully dissolved, under the protection of supercritical CO2, adding organic filler, and then dropping silicon-based modifier in sequence to obtain the silicon-based modified nonionic surfactant.

5. A dust suppressant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The organic filler is a fluorosilicone resin; the silicon-based modifier is a mixture of 2-3 parts of polyglycerol monoalkyl ether, 2-3 parts of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, and 1-2 parts of tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane; The mass ratio of fluorosilicone resin to nonionic surfactant is (1-4):100; The mass ratio of the silicon-based modifier to the nonionic surfactant is (1-2):

100.

6. A method for preparing a dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, drying the raw materials except the solvent at 50-60°C for 6-8h to remove moisture from the formula raw materials; S2, heating the solvent to 70-80°C, slowly adding the foaming agent and polymer film-forming agent in the formula, stirring thoroughly for 5-10 minutes, and obtaining material A through an ultrasonic foaming machine; S3, stir the surfactant, UV glue and biological enzyme evenly, and let them stand for activation for 30-40 minutes to obtain material B; S4, mixing the prepared material A and material B and filling them under pressure to obtain the dust suppressant.

Images