Method for filling deep rut in asphalt pavement
By combining pre-coated asphalt crushed stone with slurry mixture, the problems of multiple traffic closures and high construction difficulty in deep rut repair are solved, achieving rapid molding and low-cost repair results, which are applicable to various road surface types.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
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Figure CN115928547B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of asphalt pavement maintenance technology, in particular to a method for filling deep rut of asphalt pavement. BACKGROUND
[0002] The rut with a depth less than 10mm has little effect on driving safety and can be generally not treated; the rut with a depth greater than 10mm has great effect on driving safety and must be treated, especially for the safety of vehicles driving at high speed and in rainy days. The deep rut refers to the rut with a depth greater than 10mm. The Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement (JTG F40-2004) provides that the rut with a depth not more than 4cm can be directly filled by micro-surfacing, and the rut with a depth more than 4cm should be milled and treated by asphalt concrete.
[0003] The micro-surfacing for filling the rut is a scientific and economic technical scheme. The micro-surfacing is a road pavement structure formed by mixing aggregate with different particle sizes in a proportion range, mixing the aggregate with modified emulsified asphalt and water, and rapidly paving on the original pavement, and curing (i.e. water consumption process).
[0004] At present, the deep rut is mostly filled by two or more layers of micro-surfacing, which can be combined in different types, and the combination principle is that the sum of thicknesses of the single layers of micro-surfacing is equal to or slightly greater than (but generally not more than 5mm) the depth of the rut. The existing micro-surfacing types include MS-3 type (wherein MS is the abbreviation of English Micro-Surfacing, and the number 3 is the type, the same below; the maximum size of the crushed stone is 10mm, and the thickness of the single layer is 10mm, which is called coarse micro-surfacing), and MS-2 type (the maximum size of the crushed stone is 5mm, and the thickness of the single layer is 5mm). The Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement (JTG F40-2004) provides that when the micro-surfacing is paved in multiple layers, the traffic should be opened for at least 24 hours after the lower layer is paved, and then the upper layer can be paved, which results in multiple constructions and multiple traffic closures in the same road section, and not only causes great influence on the highway traffic, but also causes great economic loss.
[0005] In actual application, the two or more layers of micro-surfacing made of the above-mentioned slurry mixture has poor rut resistance, and new rut will appear in the two or more layers of micro-surfacing after a period of use. The reason is that the oil-stone ratio is large, the aggregate gradation is fine, and the content of coarse particle size stone is small, which cannot form a skeleton in the multiple layers of micro-surfacing structure and is suspended in the cementing material, and the rut will appear quickly under the action of load and high temperature.
[0006] However, in single-layer microsurfacing, the maximum gravel particle size and thickness are essentially the same, and it does not itself generate ruts. Therefore, various models of ultra-coarse microsurfacing have been developed to fill ruts of different depths. The selection principle is that the maximum gravel particle size in the microsurfacing is the same as or close to the rut depth. Such microsurfacing types include MS-4 (maximum gravel particle size 13.2 mm, single-layer thickness 13 mm), MS-5 (maximum gravel particle size 16 mm, single-layer thickness 16 mm), MS-6 (maximum gravel particle size 20 mm, single-layer thickness 20 mm), and MS-7 (maximum gravel particle size 30 mm, single-layer thickness 30 mm). The problem is that as the maximum size of the crushed stone in the aggregate increases, the workability of the slurry mixture deteriorates rapidly, increasing the difficulty of construction and often leading to construction failure. Therefore, no micro-surfacing material coarser than the MS-7 type has been developed. In addition, in sunny weather at around 20°C, the setting time of the ultra-coarse slurry mixture after paving is generally 2 to 4 days. In non-sunny weather, the setting time will be even longer, which seriously affects the opening of traffic. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavements. In this method, the deep rut filling material itself does not generate ruts, and the method is easy to construct, allowing traffic to be opened as soon as possible.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0009] A method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavement includes the following steps:
[0010] The first step is to determine the mix proportions and loose paving coefficient of the slurry mixture.
[0011] The second step is to repair the existing road surface ruts, measure the rut depth, and divide the construction sections.
[0012] The third step is to prepare pre-coated asphalt crushed stone.
[0013] The fourth step is to spray asphalt.
[0014] Step 5: Spread pre-coated asphalt gravel
[0015] Step 6: Trim the pre-coated asphalt gravel.
[0016] Step 7: Stabilize and pre-coat asphalt crushed stone
[0017] The pre-coated asphalt gravel that has been repaired is compacted with a rubber-tired roller to firmly adhere it to the original road surface.
[0018] Step 8: Mixing / Spreading / Incorporating the Slurry Mixture
[0019] The slurry seal vehicle is driven to the pre-wrapped and attached gravel chips with stable pressure, and the slurry mixture is mixed and paved;
[0020] The mixing and paving of the slurry mixture is performed according to the Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement (JTG F40-2004);
[0021] While the slurry mixture is mixed and paved, it is penetrated into the gaps of the pre-wrapped and attached gravel chips;
[0022] Step 9, vacuum water absorption
[0023] The vacuum pump is started, the vacuum degree in the slurry mixture is gradually increased, water is absorbed, and when the water absorption is normal, the vacuum degree is controlled at 0.08 MPa. When water cannot be absorbed, the vacuum degree is gradually increased for water absorption until the vacuum degree is increased to 0.13 MPa. When water cannot be absorbed for 2 minutes, the water absorption is ended;
[0024] Step 10, rolling
[0025] After vacuum water absorption, the rubber-tired road roller is used for rolling to make the rut filling body dense;
[0026] Step 11, maintenance
[0027] The maintenance is to spread the maintenance material, i.e. gravel, and the amount is 1.5-2 m 3 / 1000 m 2 ;
[0028] Step 12, opening traffic
[0029] After the gravel is spread, the traffic is opened.
[0030] Further, the method is used to fill one, two or more of the wearing type deep rut, the already stable compacted type deep rut and the already stable unstable type deep rut.
[0031] Further, when filling the already stable unstable type deep rut, the method cuts off the part of the raised sides of the unstable type deep rut when repairing the original pavement rut.
[0032] Further, the specific process of preparing the pre-wrapped and attached gravel chips in the third step is as follows:
[0033] (1) The hot asphalt at 120-140°C is mixed with the dry gravel at normal temperature, and the obtained material is called pre-wrapped and attached asphalt gravel;
[0034] (2) After the pre-wrapped and attached asphalt gravel is mixed uniformly, it is immediately mixed with gravel, and the mixing time is less than 20 seconds, so that the gravel is adhered around the pre-wrapped and attached asphalt gravel. Then, the mixed material is sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 10 mm, and the gravel not adhered by the asphalt is sieved out. The obtained material is called pre-wrapped and attached asphalt gravel, which is simply called pre-wrapped and attached gravel chips, and is ready for use.
[0035] Further, the oil stone ratio of the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate in the step (1) is controlled at 1% to 2%.
[0036] Further, the volume ratio of the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate and the stone chips in the step (2) is controlled at 2:1.
[0037] Further, the finishing method of the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate is that a K-shaped harrow is dragged to run on the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate, so as to scrape the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate higher than the original road surface to the position with deep rut, and drop the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate with the particle size equal to the depth of the rut, so that all the aggregate is not higher than the original road surface.
[0038] Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that:
[0039] 1. The deep rut filling method can effectively avoid the repeated occurrence of the rut. In the rut filling body, there are many aggregate particles with the particle size equal to the thickness of the position, that is, there are many equal-thickness particle size aggregate (as shown in the figure), so that the rut filling body itself will not produce the rut, and the problem of the self rut of the multi-layer micro-surfacing filling deep rut is solved. At the same time, the slurry mixture used for filling the deep rut is the MS-3 type, which is a commonly used slurry mixture, and the technical maturity is high, and there is no difficulty, so that a general construction technician can master it, and the smooth construction can be ensured. Figure 2
[0040] 2. The method can simplify the process, significantly shorten the road rut repair period, and significantly reduce the influence time of the closed traffic on driving. Therefore, the engineering cost, management cost and social cost can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the road and the vehicle passing efficiency can be improved.
[0041] 3. The method uses vacuum water absorption, accelerates the forming speed of the deep rut filling body, and the traffic can be opened generally 2h to 3h after the slurry mixture is filled, and the effect is very ideal. The existing super coarse slurry mixture filling deep rut technology relies on natural water evaporation, and even in summer, it needs several days to form, and measures such as slow cracking fast setting emulsified asphalt, coagulation or fast coagulation or rapid coagulation additives are also used, but the effect is still very unsatisfactory, and the opening of the traffic is seriously affected.
[0042] 4. The method has wide application, can be used not only for deep rut repair, but also as a protective layer, a wearing layer, a bridge deck pavement, and preventive maintenance of an old road, a local or temporary road simple pavement, and a pavement layer beautification, and is particularly suitable for being used in the positions or layers prone to rutting, such as the climbing ramp of the expressway, the bus lane, the guide way, the bus stop, the middle and lower layers of the multi-layer asphalt surface layer, and the like.
[0043] 5、The deep rut filling method of the present application can also directly fill ruts with a depth greater than 40mm, as long as the maximum particle size of the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate matches the rut depth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0044] Figure 1 The figure is a structural schematic diagram of the K-shaped harrow of the present application;
[0045] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate after trimming;
[0046] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the deep rut filling construction process of the asphalt pavement of the present application;
[0047] In the figure, 1 is the K-shaped harrow, 2 is the pre-wrapped asphalt aggregate, 3 is the original road surface, and 4 is the rut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] The technical solutions and effects of the present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific examples, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. The materials used in the filling method of the present application and the requirements in the construction process all conform to the relevant provisions of the JTG F40-2004 Highway Asphalt Pavement Construction Technical Specification.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] The conditions of this example are as follows: the asphalt pavement of a certain section has produced unstable deep ruts, but has stabilized, the construction stake number is K0+000~K6+000, and the evaporation residue content of the modified emulsified asphalt is 60%.
[0051] The deep rut filling method of the asphalt pavement of this example, as shown in Figure 3 , includes the following steps:
[0052] Step 1: Determine the mixture proportion of the slurry and the loose laying coefficient
[0053] The MS-3 type is adopted for the slurry mixture, and the mix proportion design and determination of the loose laying coefficient are performed according to the relevant provisions of the Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement (JTG F40-2004). The results are as follows: the total weight of the design used stone is 100 kg, the amount of the stone with a particle size of 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm is 25 kg, the amount of the stone with a particle size of 2.36 mm to 4.75 mm is 25 kg, and the amount of the stone with a particle size of less than 2.36 mm is 50 kg; through the consistency test, the total amount of water is 10% of the total weight of the stone, i.e. 100 kg x 10% = 10 kg, which meets the specification requirements; through the wet wheel abrasion test and the load wheel sand sticking test, the oil-stone ratio is 8%, i.e. the amount of asphalt is 100 kg x 8% = 8 kg, which is converted into the amount of modified emulsified asphalt as 8 kg ÷ 60% = 13.3 kg; the water content in the 13.3 kg of modified emulsified asphalt is 13.3 kg - 8 kg = 5.33 kg, so the amount of the added water is 10 kg - 5.33 kg = 4.67 kg; through the test research, no additive is used. The loose laying coefficient is determined as 1.2 through the test road section.
[0054] The second step is to repair the original road rut since the deep rut of the unstability type is already stable, i.e. the part of the two sides of the unstability type deep rut is cut off by the milling machine; then the rut depth is measured and the construction section is divided. Through the measurement, the rut depth of the K0+000-K2+000 section is 35 mm to 39 mm, and the rut depth of the K2+000-K6+000 section is 32 mm to 35 mm. The rut shape is irregular, and the depth is not a constant. The maximum depth R max of the rut in the construction section and the minimum depth R min are averaged as the representative depth R d of the rut in the construction section. Therefore, the K0+000-K2+000 is taken as the first construction section, and the K2+000-K6+000 is taken as the second construction section. The representative rut depth R d1 of the first construction section is (39 mm + 35 mm) ÷ 2 = 37 mm, and the representative rut depth R d2 of the second construction section is (32 mm + 35 mm) ÷ 2 = 32.5 mm.
[0055] The third step is to prepare the pre-wrapped asphalt stone
[0056] (1) The pre-wrapped asphalt stone is prepared by mixing the hot asphalt with a temperature of 120°C to 140°C and the dry stone at normal temperature. The oil-stone ratio of the pre-wrapped asphalt stone is controlled as 1%.
[0057] The maximum stone particle size D max of the pre-wrapped asphalt stone is selected according to the maximum depth R max of the rut in the construction section. When the rut depth R max in the repair road section is less than the maximum stone particle size D max of the pre-wrapped asphalt stone, the pre-wrapped asphalt stone with the maximum stone particle size D max is used.d When the rut depth varies greatly, the ones with similar depth are classified into one construction section, and one size of stone is used. When classifying the construction section, the ones with two adjacent integer multiples of 5mm rut depth are classified into one construction section, for example, the ones between 20mm
[0058] The size of the stone in the pre-coated asphalt stone is selected according to Table 1.
[0059] Table 1 Corresponding selection table of the size of the stone in the pre-coated asphalt stone and the maximum rut depth
[0060]
[0061] The gradation of the stone in the pre-coated asphalt stone is not required, and the mixture between the sieves with the maximum particle size and 10mm is taken. For example, for the stone with the size of 10mm
[0062] The size of the stone in the first construction section of the embodiment is 10mm-40mm stone, and the size of the stone in the second construction section is 10mm-35mm stone. The construction requirements are implemented according to the relevant provisions of (JTG F40-2004) "Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement".
[0063] (2) After the pre-coated asphalt stone is uniformly mixed, it is immediately mixed with the stone chips, the mixing time is 15s, and the pre-coated asphalt stone is full of stone chips. Then the mixed mixture is sieved through a sieve with a sieve hole of 10mm, and the pre-coated asphalt stone without being adhered by asphalt is sieved out and reserved. Among them: when the pre-coated asphalt stone is mixed with the stone chips, the volume ratio is controlled at 2:1. The function of the pre-coated asphalt stone adhering to the stone chips is to prevent the asphalt stone from sticking and clumping.
[0064] Fourth step, spreading asphalt
[0065] The spreading asphalt uses 70# hot asphalt, the temperature is controlled between 120℃-140℃, the amount of spreading asphalt is 0.6kg / m 2 , and the spreading width is 1.5m. The construction requirements are implemented according to the relevant provisions of (JTG F40-2004) "Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement".
[0066] Fifth step, spreading pre-coated asphalt chip stone
[0067] The spreading width is 1.3m.
[0068] Sixth step, trimming pre-coated asphalt chip stone
[0069] The trimming method of the pre-coated asphalt chip stone is: pulling the K-shaped harrow 1 (its structure is as Figure 1The arrow represents the direction of dragging) on the spread pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone 2, the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone higher than the original road surface 3 is scraped to the position where the rut 4 is deeper, and is dropped at the position where the particle size is equal to the depth of the rut, so that all the stones are not higher than the original road surface 3, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 The original road surface 3 refers to the road surface top surface when no rut is generated.
[0070] The K-shaped harrow is adjusted manually when the static distance between the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stones exceeds the range of 2cm to 3cm.
[0071] The length of the K-shaped harrow is 1.6m, and it is heavy enough to ensure that the two ends of the harrow slide on the original road surface during dragging, thereby ensuring that the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone does not exceed the original road surface, and the surface is smooth after the rut is filled, and the driving is comfortable. If the harrow is lifted by the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone during dragging, it needs to be weighted until it is not lifted.
[0072] The K-shaped harrow has an arch function. The arch degree of the K-shaped harrow is the distance from the middle line of the bottom surface of the harrow to the original road surface, denoted as C k . The arch degree of the K-shaped harrow is determined according to the maximum particle size D max of the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone and the maximum depth R max of the rut in the construction section, C k =D max -R max .
[0073] The arch degree of the K-shaped harrow in the first construction section is C k1 =D max -R max =40mm-39mm=1mm, and the arch degree of the K-shaped harrow in the second construction section is C k2 =D max -R max =35mm-35mm=0mm.
[0074] The K-shaped harrow is dragged on the spread pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone 2, and the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone higher than the original road surface 3 is scraped to the position where the rut is deeper, and is dropped at the position where the particle size is equal to the depth of the rut, so that all the stones are not higher than the original road surface.
[0075] The static distance between the pre-wrapped asphalt chip stones is checked, and the static distance exceeding the range of 2cm to 3cm is adjusted manually.
[0076] Step 7, stable pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone
[0077] The pre-wrapped asphalt chip stone 2 is rolled by a 19t rubber tire roller for two times, so that it is stably bonded to the original road surface.
[0078] The eighth step, mixing / paving / penetrating the slurry mixture
[0079] The slurry seal vehicle is driven onto the pre-wrapped asphalt chip and the slurry mixture is mixed / paved. The slurry mixture is paved with a 1.5m wide special paving box. The paving box has a camber C a The distance between the center line of the bottom surface of the paving box (i.e. the slurry mixture paved at the center line of the track) and the top surface of the original road, i.e. the camber, is determined according to the loose laying coefficient L c of the slurry mixture, and the determination method is as follows: C a = (L c - 1) x R d , where R is the thickness of the slurry mixture. When the calculated result is less than 5mm, take 5mm. The cambers of the paving boxes for the first construction section and the second construction section in this embodiment are respectively: C a1 = (1.2 - 1) x 37mm ≈ 7mm and C a2 = (1.2 - 1) x 32.5mm ≈ 7mm.
[0080] The mixing / paving of the slurry mixture is carried out according to the relevant provisions of (JTG F40-2004) "Technical Specification for Construction of Highway Asphalt Pavement".
[0081] The mixing / paving of the slurry mixture is penetrated into the gaps of the pre-wrapped asphalt chip at the same time.
[0082] The ninth step, vacuum water absorption
[0083] According to (T 0753-2011) "Emulsion Slurry Mixture Breaking Time Test", the breaking time of the slurry mixture is 15 minutes.
[0084] The vacuum water absorption starts 15 minutes after the paving of the slurry mixture is completed.
[0085] The vacuum degree in the slurry mixture gradually increases as the vacuum pump is started, and the water is absorbed out. When the water absorption is normal, the vacuum degree is controlled at 0.08MPa. When the water cannot be absorbed out, the vacuum degree is gradually increased for water absorption until the vacuum degree is increased to 0.13MPa. When the water cannot be absorbed out for 2 minutes, the water absorption is ended.
[0086] The vacuum water absorption equipment includes a vacuum water absorption filter cloth, a vacuum water absorption pad, a vacuum water absorption pipe and a vacuum pump.
[0087] Vacuum water absorption filter cloth is laid on the road surface on which emulsified asphalt has been spread, and vacuum water absorption pad is laid thereon, the vacuum water absorption pad being connected with vacuum water absorption pipe and vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is started to suck out and discharge the water produced after the emulsified asphalt is demulsified. When the vacuum water absorption pad is laid, 5mm-thick and 30mm-50mm-wide emulsified asphalt cement paste is filled between the periphery and the road surface and is tightly sealed; the cement emulsified asphalt paste is made of cement and emulsified asphalt and has a consistency of 1.6cm. The size of the vacuum water absorption filter cloth is 1.6m×20m, and the size of the vacuum water absorption pad is 1.8m×20.2m.
[0088] After the vacuum water absorption is completed, the emulsified asphalt cement paste is removed.
[0089] Step 10, rolling
[0090] After the vacuum water absorption, the road is rolled 4 times by a 19t rubber-tired road roller.
[0091] Step 11, maintenance
[0092] Maintenance material, i.e. stone chips, is spread, and the amount of the stone chips is 1.5m 3 / 1000m 2 The stone chips are spread uniformly.
[0093] Step 12, opening to traffic
[0094] The road is opened to traffic after the stone chips are spread.
[0095] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavement, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The first step is to determine the mix proportions and loose paving coefficient of the slurry mixture. The second step is to repair the existing road surface ruts, measure the rut depth, and divide the construction sections. The third step is to prepare pre-coated asphalt crushed stone. The fourth step is to spray asphalt. Step 5: Spread pre-coated asphalt gravel Step 6: Trim the pre-coated asphalt gravel. Step 7: Stabilize and pre-coat asphalt crushed stone The pre-coated asphalt gravel that has been repaired is compacted with a rubber-tired roller to firmly adhere it to the original road surface. Step 8: Mixing / Spreading / Incorporating the Slurry Mixture Drive the slurry seal truck onto the compacted pre-coated asphalt crushed stone and mix / spread the slurry mixture; while mixing / spreading the slurry mixture, penetrate into the gaps of the pre-coated asphalt crushed stone. Step 9: Vacuum water removal Vacuum water extraction begins after the slurry mixture has been demulsified. The vacuum pump is started, and the vacuum level in the slurry mixture gradually increases, drawing out the water. When water extraction is normal, the vacuum level is controlled at 0.08 MPa. When no more water can be extracted, the vacuum level is gradually increased until the vacuum level reaches 0.13 MPa. Water extraction ends when no more water can be extracted after 2 minutes. Step 10, rolling After vacuum dewatering, the rut filler is compacted using a rubber-tired roller to make it dense. Step 11, Maintenance Maintenance involves spreading a maintenance material, i.e., stone chips, at a rate of 1.5~2m³. 3 / 1000m 2 ; Step 12: Open traffic Traffic will be opened immediately after the stone chips are scattered. The specific process for preparing the pre-coated asphalt crushed stone in the third step is as follows: (1) The material obtained by mixing hot asphalt at 120℃~140℃ with crushed stone dried at room temperature is called pre-coated asphalt crushed stone. (2) After the pre-coated asphalt crushed stone is mixed evenly, it is immediately mixed with stone chips. The mixing time is less than 20 seconds, and the pre-coated asphalt crushed stone is covered with stone chips. Then, the mixed material is passed through a sieve with a mesh size of 10 mm to remove stone chips that are not adhered to by asphalt. The resulting material is called pre-coated asphalt crushed stone, or simply pre-coated asphalt crushed stone, and is ready for use. In step (1), the asphalt-aggregate ratio of the pre-coated asphalt-aggregate is controlled at 1% to 2%. In step (2), when the pre-coated asphalt crushed stone and stone chips are mixed, the volume ratio is controlled at 2:
1.
2. The method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, This method is used to fill one, two, or more of the following: wear-type deep ruts, stable compacted deep ruts, and stable unstable deep ruts.
3. The method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavement according to claim 2, characterized in that, This method involves cutting away the raised portions on both sides of the unstable deep ruts when filling stabilized, unstable deep ruts and repairing the original road surface ruts.
4. The method for filling deep ruts in asphalt pavement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sixth step of the trimming method for pre-coated asphalt gravel is as follows: drag a K-shaped flat rake over the spread pre-coated asphalt gravel to scrape the pre-coated asphalt gravel that is higher than the original road surface to a deeper rut, where it falls down at a point where the particle size is equal to the rut depth, so that all gravel is no higher than the original road surface.
Citation Information
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