An electrical component, circuit board and switching power supply

Abstract

This application provides an electrical component, a circuit board, and a switching power supply. The electrical component includes: a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core disposed opposite to each other, the first and second magnetic cores forming a space for accommodating a winding, and the first and second magnetic cores also serving to confine magnetic field lines. It also includes a third magnetic core located within the space enclosed by the first and second magnetic cores, the third magnetic core being used for winding the winding. The third magnetic core is fixedly connected to both the first and second magnetic cores, and at least one magnetic core within the first and / or second magnetic core has an air gap. In the above technical solution, by placing the air gap within the first or second magnetic core, and eliminating the air gap on the third magnetic core, there is no dissipating magnetic flux. The generated magnetic field lines are more confined within the first and second magnetic cores, reducing the possibility of additional cutting losses. This solves the problem of needing to avoid magnetic cores and windings in high-density designs, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical technology, and in particular to an electrical component, circuit board and switching power supply. Background Technology

[0002] A switching power supply, also known as a switching converter or switching power supply unit, is a high-frequency power conversion device and a type of power supply. Its function is to convert an input voltage of a certain type into the voltage or current required by the user through different architectures. Switching power supplies typically input AC power (such as mains power) or DC power, while their output is mostly for devices requiring DC power, making them widely used in various fields.

[0003] In recent years, people have placed greater emphasis on green, environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe energy. There is a desire for lower-cost and smaller-sized switching power supplies, thus driving the development of switching power supplies towards higher efficiency and higher density. This miniaturization of switching power supplies inevitably leads to smaller magnetic components. Furthermore, as the switching frequency of switching power supplies increases, the efficiency of magnetic components must also be increased while remaining smaller. Under these conditions, optimizing losses caused by magnetic flux dispersion at the air gap in the core design becomes particularly important. However, the currently common segmented air gap method is no longer suitable for high-density, high-efficiency applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an electrical component, a circuit board, and a switching power supply to improve the circuit board's ability to adapt to high-density wiring requirements.

[0005] In a first aspect, an electrical component is provided, which is applied to a circuit board. The electrical component includes: a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core disposed opposite to each other, the first and second magnetic cores forming a space for accommodating a winding. Furthermore, the first and second magnetic cores also serve to confine magnetic field lines, allowing more magnetic field lines to flow within the first and second magnetic cores. The electrical component also includes a third magnetic core disposed within the space enclosed by the first and second magnetic cores, the third magnetic core being used to wind the winding. During assembly, the third magnetic core is fixedly connected to both the first and second magnetic cores, and at least one of the first and / or second magnetic cores has an air gap. In the above technical solution, by placing the air gap in the first or second magnetic core, and eliminating the air gap on the third magnetic core, there is no dissipating magnetic flux. The resulting magnetic field lines are more confined within the first and second magnetic cores, reducing additional cutting losses. This solves the problem of needing to avoid magnetic cores and windings in high-density designs, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0006] In a specific feasible implementation, there are multiple ways to set the air gap. For example, the air gap can be set only in the first magnetic core or the second magnetic core; or there can be two air gaps, one in the first magnetic core and the other in the second magnetic core. The air gap can be set in different ways.

[0007] In one specific implementation, at least one of the first and second magnetic cores is provided with a groove for receiving the end of the third magnetic core, and an air gap is formed between each groove and the end of the third magnetic core into which it is inserted. The aforementioned air gap is formed between the groove and the third magnetic core by creating grooves on the first and / or second magnetic cores.

[0008] In one specific implementation, the air gap is an insulating layer, and the end of the third magnetic core is fixedly connected to the corresponding groove through the insulating layer. Using the insulating layer as an air gap facilitates the connection between magnetic cores and also facilitates the formation of the air gap.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the insulating layer may be made of different materials; for example, the insulating layer may be an epoxy resin layer or an adhesive layer.

[0010] In one specific implementation, the thickness of the insulating layer is less than the depth of the corresponding groove. Reducing the spacing between the third magnetic core and the other magnetic cores facilitates the entry of magnetic field lines into the first or second magnetic core.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the opening area of ​​each groove is larger than the end face area of ​​the corresponding insertion end of the third magnetic core. This avoids the third magnetic core being too close to other magnetic cores, which could short-circuit the air gap and facilitate the entry of magnetic field lines into the first or second magnetic core.

[0012] In one specific implementation, each sidewall of each groove is spaced apart from the opposite sidewall of the third magnetic core. This prevents the third magnetic core from being too close to the other magnetic cores, thus avoiding short-circuiting the air gap and facilitating the entry of magnetic field lines into the first or second magnetic core.

[0013] In one specific implementation, the thickness of the insulating layer is less than the gap between each sidewall of each groove and the opposite sidewall on the third magnetic core, to ensure that the air gap is at the bottom.

[0014] In one specific implementation, the number of third magnetic cores is one, and the third magnetic core is an integral structure with the first magnetic core; the air gap is provided inside the second magnetic core. This achieves a specific configuration of one air gap.

[0015] In one specific implementation, the first magnetic core and the third magnetic core form an E-shaped core, and the second magnetic core has a plate-like structure. This facilitates the connection between the magnetic cores.

[0016] In one specific implementation, there are two third magnetic cores; the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are both C-shaped magnetic cores; one of the third magnetic cores is fixedly connected to the first magnetic core; the other third magnetic core is fixedly connected to the second magnetic core; the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are respectively provided with air gaps. This achieves a configuration with two air gaps.

[0017] In one specific implementation, the two air gaps are the same size.

[0018] Secondly, a circuit board is provided, comprising a wiring layer and the electrical components described in any of the above claims; the circuitry of the wiring layer is spaced apart from the electrical components by a predetermined distance. In the above technical solution, by setting an air gap in the first or second magnetic core, and eliminating the air gap on the third magnetic core, there is no dissipating magnetic flux. The resulting magnetic field lines are more confined within the first and second magnetic cores, reducing the risk of additional cutting losses. This solves the problem of needing to avoid magnetic cores and windings in high-density designs, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0019] Thirdly, a switching power supply is provided, comprising a housing and the aforementioned circuit board or any of the aforementioned electrical components disposed within the housing. In the above technical solution, by placing an air gap in the first or second magnetic core, and eliminating the air gap on the third magnetic core, there is no dissipating magnetic flux. The resulting magnetic field lines are more confined within the first and second magnetic cores, reducing additional cutting losses. This solves the problem of needing to avoid magnetic cores and windings in high-density designs, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 An exploded view of electrical components in the prior art;

[0021] Figure 2 An exploded view of the electrical components provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first magnetic core of the electrical component provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second magnetic core of the electrical component provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of magnetic leakage flux of electrical components in the prior art;

[0025] Figure 6A schematic diagram showing the direction of the magnetic field lines of the electrical component provided in the embodiments of this application on both sides of the air gap;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electrical component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electrical component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the direction of the magnetic field lines of the electrical component provided in the embodiments of this application on both sides of the air gap;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To facilitate understanding, the application scenarios of the electrical components provided in this application embodiment are first explained. These electrical components, acting as magnetic clips, can be applied to circuit boards, but are not limited to them. Taking circuit boards as an example, the electrical components can be applied to various types of circuit boards, such as those in communication equipment or autonomous vehicles. Circuit boards often employ high-density, high-efficiency wiring methods; however, due to magnetic leakage, existing electrical components require a certain distance from other wiring to ensure the circuit board's performance, thus affecting the wiring density on the circuit board. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an electrical component in the prior art. The component includes a first magnetic core 1 and a second magnetic core 2 mating with it, forming a space to accommodate a winding. A third magnetic core 3 is disposed between the first magnetic core 1 and the second magnetic core 2. The third magnetic core 3 has a segmented structure, with an air gap 4 between adjacent segments. When the third magnetic core 3 is segmented, the air gap is also segmented, and segmented air gaps are prone to leakage flux. Therefore, this application provides an electrical component, which will be described below with reference to specific drawings and embodiments.

[0031] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar structures and do not represent a specific order or sequence.

[0032] The electrical components provided in the embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, magnetic components such as inductors and transformers.

[0033] Figure 2An exploded view of an electrical component according to an embodiment of this application is shown. For ease of description, a reference direction 'a' is introduced, which is parallel to the axis of the winding. The electrical component includes a magnetic core and a winding (not shown in the figure). The magnetic core supports the winding, which is wound around the magnetic core. The winding method of the winding can adopt common winding methods and is not specifically limited in this application.

[0034] The magnetic core includes a first magnetic core 10 and a second magnetic core 20, which are stacked along direction a. The first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 are positioned opposite each other and form a space to accommodate the winding. In addition, the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 are also used to bind magnetic field lines, allowing more magnetic field lines to flow within the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20.

[0035] The first magnetic core 10 is a C-shaped magnetic core with a first groove 11. A first insulating layer 60 is disposed in the first groove 11, and the first insulating layer 60 can serve as a solid air gap.

[0036] The second magnetic core 20 is a C-shaped core, and the opening direction of the second magnetic core 20 is opposite to that of the first magnetic core 10. The second magnetic core 20 has a second groove 21, and a second insulating layer 50 is disposed in the second groove 21. The second insulating layer 50 can serve as a solid air gap.

[0037] When the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 are placed opposite each other, the first groove 11 and the second groove 21 are also placed opposite each other, and the first insulating layer 60 and the second insulating layer 50 are also placed opposite each other.

[0038] As an alternative, the axes of the first groove 11, the second groove 21, the first insulating layer 60, and the second insulating layer 50 are coaxial. The axes of the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 may also be coaxial with the axes of the aforementioned components such as the first groove 11 and the second groove 21.

[0039] The magnetic core also includes two third magnetic cores, namely third magnetic core 30 and third magnetic core 40. Third magnetic cores 30 and 40 are used to wind the aforementioned windings; the specific winding method will not be detailed here. Third magnetic cores 30 and 40 are located between the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20. When the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 are fixed together, third magnetic core 30 and fourth magnetic core 40 form a single, integrated inner magnetic core.

[0040] As an alternative, the third magnetic core 30 and the third magnetic core 40 can be cylindrical magnetic cores, but are not limited to this.

[0041] The third magnetic core 30 is fixedly connected to the first magnetic core 10; the third magnetic core 40 is fixedly connected to the second magnetic core 20. For example, the end of the third magnetic core 30 is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer 60; the end of the third magnetic core 40 is fixedly connected to the second insulating layer 50.

[0042] For example, the fixing connection method between any two of the first magnetic core 10, the first insulating layer 60, and the third magnetic core 30 mentioned above includes, but is not limited to, common connection methods such as bonding or welding. Similarly, the fixing connection method between any two of the second magnetic core 20, the second insulating layer 50, and the third magnetic core 40 mentioned above includes, but is not limited to, common connection methods such as bonding or welding.

[0043] The windings are wound around the third magnetic core 30 and the fourth magnetic core 40. The winding material can be multi-strand wire, excitation wire, PCB winding, etc., but is not limited to these.

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first magnetic core is shown. The first magnetic core 10 includes a first plate-like structure 12 and two first sidewalls 13 connected to the first plate-like structure 12. The two first sidewalls 13 are positioned opposite each other and together with the first plate-like structure 12 form a space for accommodating the winding. A first groove 11 of the first magnetic core 10 is disposed in the first plate-like structure 12. A first insulating layer 60 within the first groove 11 can serve as a solid air gap. As an example, the material of the first insulating layer 60 includes, but is not limited to, an epoxy resin layer, an adhesive layer, or an epoxy board, etc.

[0045] Although the first magnetic core 10 described above is divided into a first plate-like structure 12 and two first sidewalls 13, this division is only for the convenience of describing the structure of the first magnetic core 10 and does not represent the actual structure of the first magnetic core 10. The first plate-like structure 12 and the two first sidewalls 13 can be an integral structure.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment, the opening shape of the first groove 11 matches the end face shape of the third magnetic core 30. For example, the opening shape of the first groove 11 includes, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, rectangular, irregular, and other shapes.

[0047] In one optional configuration, the first groove 11, the first insulating layer 60, and the third magnetic core 30 satisfy the following condition: D ≥ d1 > d2. D1 is the dimension of the first groove 11 in direction b, d2 is the dimension of the first insulating layer 60 in direction b, and d3 is the dimension of the first magnetic core 30 in direction b; wherein direction b is perpendicular to direction a. Figure 3Although only the dimensions of the first groove 11, the first insulating layer 60, and the third magnetic core 30 in the b direction are shown, the dimensions of the first groove 11, the first insulating layer 60, and the third magnetic core 30 in other directions perpendicular to the a direction and in the same plane as the b direction all satisfy the above formula.

[0048] As can be seen from the above description, the opening area of ​​the first groove 11 is larger than the end face area of ​​the corresponding insertion end of the third magnetic core 30. This prevents the third magnetic core 30 from being too close to other magnetic cores (first magnetic core 10) and short-circuiting the air gap, thus facilitating the entry of magnetic field lines into the first magnetic core 10. For example, each sidewall of the first groove 11 is spaced apart from the opposite sidewall of the third magnetic core 30, thereby increasing the distance between the third magnetic core 30 and the first magnetic core 10, preventing the air gap from being short-circuited, and further facilitating the entry of magnetic field lines into the first magnetic core 10. When the opening shape of the first groove 11 is circular, each sidewall of the first groove 11 refers to the inner sidewall of the first groove 11.

[0049] When the first groove 11, the first insulating layer 60 and the third magnetic core 30 are arranged in a coaxial manner, the gap between the first groove 11 and the third magnetic core 30 is an annular gap of equal width, and the width of the annular gap in the direction b is d3.

[0050] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first insulating layer 60 and the first groove 11 are not specifically limited. They can be either d1=D, meaning the outer edge of the first insulating layer 60 matches the inner edge of the first groove 11, or d1<D, meaning there is a gap between the outer edge of the first insulating layer 60 and the inner edge of the first groove 11.

[0051] The depth of the first groove 11 along direction a is H, and the thickness of the first insulating layer 60 along direction a is h. When specifically setting the first insulating layer 60 and the first groove 11, H ≥ h or H < h can be selected.

[0052] In one alternative embodiment, the first groove 11 and the first insulating layer 60 satisfy the condition H > h, thereby allowing a portion of the end of the third magnetic core 30 to be inserted into the first groove 11. The insertion depth of the third magnetic core 30 into the first groove 11 is Hh. The specific insertion depth of the third magnetic core 30 into the first groove 11 can be determined by the size of the first insulating layer 60. For example, when a larger air gap is required, the thickness of the first insulating layer 60 is larger, and the insertion depth of the third magnetic core 30 is lower.

[0053] When the winding is wound around the third magnetic core 30, the end of the third magnetic core 30 inserted into the first groove 11 (its size is Hh) is not wound with the winding; only the part of the third magnetic core 30 exposed outside the first groove 11 is wound with the winding. The first groove 11 is only used to accommodate the first insulating layer 60 to form an air gap and is not used to accommodate the winding.

[0054] In one alternative scheme, h < d3, that is, the thickness of the first insulating layer 60 along direction a is less than the gap between the sidewall of the first groove 11 and the opposite sidewall of the third magnetic core 30, so that the air gap formed is located between the bottom surface of the third magnetic core 30 and the first groove 11.

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the second magnetic core is shown. The second magnetic core 20 includes a second plate-like structure 22 and two second sidewalls 23 connected to the second plate-like structure 22. The two second sidewalls 23 are positioned opposite each other and together with the second plate-like structure 22 form a space for accommodating the winding. A second groove 21 of the second magnetic core 20 is disposed in the second plate-like structure 22. A second insulating layer 50 within the second groove 21 serves as a solid air gap. As an example, the material of the second insulating layer 50 includes, but is not limited to, an epoxy resin layer, an adhesive layer, or an epoxy board, etc.

[0056] Although the second magnetic core 20 described above is divided into a second plate-like structure 22 and two second sidewalls 23, this division is only for the convenience of describing the structure of the second magnetic core 20 and does not represent the actual structure of the second magnetic core 20. The second plate-like structure 22 and the two second sidewalls 23 can be an integral structure.

[0057] The opening shape of the second groove 21 only needs to match the end face shape of the third magnetic core 40. For example, the opening shape of the second groove 21 includes, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, rectangular, irregular, and other shapes.

[0058] In one alternative embodiment, the second groove 21, the second insulating layer 50, and the third magnetic core 40 satisfy the following condition: D'≥d'1>d'2. D'1 is the dimension of the second groove 21 in direction b, d'1 is the dimension of the second insulating layer 50 in direction b, and d'3 is the dimension of the second magnetic core 20 in direction b; wherein direction b is perpendicular to direction a. Figure 4 Although only the dimensions of the second groove 21, the second insulating layer 50, and the third magnetic core 40 in the b direction are shown, the dimensions of the second groove 21, the second insulating layer 50, and the third magnetic core 40 in other directions perpendicular to the a direction and in the same plane as the b direction all satisfy the above formula.

[0059] As can be seen from the above formula, the opening area of ​​the second groove 21 is larger than the end face area of ​​the inserted end of the third magnetic core 40. This avoids the third magnetic core 40 being too close to other magnetic cores (second magnetic core 20) and short-circuiting the air gap, which is more conducive to the entry of magnetic field lines into the second magnetic core 20. For example, each sidewall of the second groove 21 is spaced apart from the opposite sidewall of the third magnetic core 40, thereby increasing the distance between the third magnetic core 40 and the second magnetic core 20, avoiding short-circuiting the air gap, and making it more conducive to the entry of magnetic field lines into the second magnetic core 20. When the opening shape of the second groove 21, the shape of the second insulating layer 50, and the end face of the third magnetic core 40 are all circular, each sidewall of the second groove 21 refers to the inner sidewall of the second groove 21.

[0060] When the second groove 21, the second insulating layer 50 and the third magnetic core 40 are arranged in a coaxial manner, the gap between the second groove 21 and the third magnetic core 40 is an annular gap of equal width, and the width of the annular gap in the direction b is d'3.

[0061] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the second insulating layer 50 and the second groove 21 are not specifically limited. Either d'1=D', meaning the outer edge of the second insulating layer 50 matches the inner edge of the second groove 21, or d'1<D', meaning there is a gap between the outer edge of the second insulating layer 50 and the inner edge of the second groove 21.

[0062] The depth of the second groove 21 along direction a is H', and the thickness of the second insulating layer 50 in direction a is h'. When specifically configuring the second insulating layer 50 and the second groove 21, H' ≥ h' or H' < h' can be selected.

[0063] In one alternative embodiment, the second groove 21 and the second insulating layer 50 satisfy the condition H' > h', allowing the third magnetic core 40 to be partially inserted into the second groove 21. The insertion depth of the third magnetic core 40 into the second groove 21 is H' - h'. The specific insertion depth of the third magnetic core 40 into the second groove 21 can be determined by the size of the second insulating layer 50. For example, when a larger air gap is required, the thickness of the second insulating layer 50 is greater, resulting in a lower insertion depth of the third magnetic core 40.

[0064] When the winding is wound around the third magnetic core 40, the end of the third magnetic core 40 inserted into the second groove 21 (its size is H'-h') is not wound with the winding; only the part of the third magnetic core 40 exposed outside the second groove 21 is wound with the winding. The second groove 21 is only used to accommodate the second insulating layer 50 to form an air gap and is not used to accommodate the winding.

[0065] In one alternative scheme, H' < d'3, that is, the thickness of the second insulating layer 50 along direction a is less than the gap between the sidewall of the second groove 21 and the opposite sidewall of the third magnetic core 40, so that the air gap formed is located between the bottom surfaces of the third magnetic core 40 and the second groove 21.

[0066] When the above scheme is adopted, the air gap is set in the first magnetic core 10 or the second magnetic core 20. There is no air gap on the third magnetic core 40, so there is no magnetic flux dispersion. The generated magnetic field lines are more confined within the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20, which reduces the situation of additional cutting loss caused by leakage flux. It solves the problem of winding avoidance in high-density design, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board adaptable to high-density and high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0067] Please refer to the above. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 are shown in the diagram. When setting two air gaps, the two air gaps can be the same size. That is, the air gap on the first magnetic core 10 and the air gap on the second magnetic core 20 are equal in size and arranged in an axially symmetrical manner. It should be understood that the above is only an example of a specific air gap arrangement. In the embodiments of this application, the two air gaps can also be of unequal sizes, such as the air gap on the first magnetic core 10 being larger than the air gap on the second magnetic core 20, or the air gap on the first magnetic core 10 being smaller than the air gap on the second magnetic core 20.

[0068] To facilitate understanding, a comparison diagram is provided between the electrical components provided in the embodiments of this application and existing electrical components. (See reference...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the magnetic field lines of two different electrical components is shown. Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the magnetic field line distribution when using a segmented air gap in the prior art. Figure 5 The component numbers in the document can be referenced. Figure 2 The same label in the text. (By) Figure 5 It can be seen that on both sides of the air gap, the magnetic field lines (curves with arrows) point from the magnetic core on one side of the air gap to the magnetic core on the other side, resulting in leakage magnetic flux in the air. When routing on a circuit board, it is necessary to avoid areas with leakage magnetic flux to prevent interference from electrical components. Figure 6 As can be seen, the air gap is located within the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20 at the ends. Magnetic field lines (curved lines with arrows) point directly from the third magnetic cores 30 and 40 into the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 20, confining the magnetic field lines within them and reducing leakage flux. When routing on the circuit board, the wiring can be placed close to electrical components, resulting in a denser wiring density and making the circuit board suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0069] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another electrical component provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 7 for Figure 2 A variation of the electrical component shown. Figure 7 Some of the labels in the text can be referenced. Figure 2 Descriptions with the same labels in the text.

[0070] The third magnetic core 70 in the electrical component is integral with the first magnetic core 10, forming an E-shaped core. The second magnetic core 20 has a C-shaped structure. The third magnetic core 70 and the second magnetic core 20 are fixedly connected by the second insulating layer 50. At this time, the electrical component has only one air gap, which is located within the second magnetic core 20.

[0071] The second insulating layer 50 is disposed in the second groove 21 of the second magnetic core 20. For the specific arrangement and connection method with the third magnetic core 70, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 The relevant description in the document.

[0072] Similarly, the third and second magnetic cores can be integrated into a single structure, forming an E-shaped core. The first magnetic core has a C-shaped structure. The third and first magnetic cores are fixedly connected by a first insulating layer. In this case, the electrical component has only one air gap, which is located within the first magnetic core. For details on the specific arrangement of the first insulating layer, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant description in the document.

[0073] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third type of electrical component provided in the embodiments of this application is shown. Figure 8 for Figure 2 A variation of the electrical component shown. Figure 8 Some of the labels in the text can be referenced. Figure 2 Descriptions with the same labels in the text.

[0074] Figure 8 In the electrical components shown, the third magnetic core 80 is a single magnetic core, and the third magnetic core 80 and the first magnetic core 10 are an integral structure, forming an E-shaped magnetic core; the second magnetic core 90 is a plate-like structure.

[0075] An air gap is provided within the second magnetic core 90. The second magnetic core 90 has a plate-like structure and a second groove 91 for accommodating the end of the third magnetic core 80, and a second insulating layer 50 disposed within the second groove 91, the second insulating layer 50 serving as a solid air gap. The fit between the second groove 91, the second insulating layer 50, and the third magnetic core 80 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 The relevant description in the document.

[0076] To facilitate understanding, a comparison diagram is provided between the electrical components provided in the embodiments of this application and existing electrical components. (See reference...) Figure 5and Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the magnetic field lines of two different electrical components is shown. Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the magnetic field line distribution when using a segmented air gap in the prior art. Figure 5 The component numbers in the document can be referenced. Figure 2 The same label in the text. (By) Figure 5 It can be seen that on both sides of the air gap, the magnetic field lines (curves with arrows) point from the magnetic core on one side of the air gap to the magnetic core on the other side, and leakage magnetic flux appears in the air. When wiring on the circuit board, it is necessary to avoid the area of ​​leakage magnetic flux in order to avoid being affected by electrical components. Figure 9 For reference, please refer to the partial numbering in the text. Figure 8 The same number in the [database / system]. By [them / them / etc.] Figure 9 As can be seen, the air gap is located within the second magnetic core 90 at the end, and the magnetic field lines directly point from the third magnetic core 70 to the second magnetic core 90, confining the magnetic field lines within the first magnetic core 10 and the second magnetic core 90, thus reducing the occurrence of leakage flux. When routing on the circuit board, the wiring can be placed close to electrical components, resulting in a denser wiring density on the circuit board, making it suitable for high-density, high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0077] In combination with the above Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As can be seen from the three specific electrical components shown, the electrical components provided in this application embodiment are fabricated by using an air gap between the third magnetic core and at least one of the first and second magnetic cores, and the air gap is located within the first magnetic core and / or the second magnetic core. This can effectively improve the leakage flux. When the electrical components are arranged on the circuit board, the wiring layer can be closer to the electrical components, thereby increasing the wiring density of the circuit board.

[0078] In this embodiment, the specific number of air gaps is not limited; air gaps may be provided only in the first magnetic core or the second magnetic core, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the diagram. Alternatively, there can be two air gaps, one in the first magnetic core and the other in the second magnetic core, as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0079] In implementing the aforementioned air gap, a groove is created in the first magnetic core and / or the second magnetic core. At least one of the first and second magnetic cores has a groove for accommodating the end of the third magnetic core, such as... Figure 2 The first magnetic core shown has a first groove, and the second magnetic core has a second groove; as shown Figure 7 and Figure 8 The diagram shows that only the second magnetic core has the second groove, or only the first magnetic core has the first groove. The aforementioned air gap is formed between the groove and the third magnetic core by creating grooves on the first and / or second magnetic cores.

[0080] An insulating layer is provided in each groove, and the insulating layer is fixedly connected to the end into which the third magnetic core is inserted, forming a solid air gap through the insulating layer. For example... Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As can be seen, when a groove is made on any magnetic core, an insulating layer is placed in that groove. For example, a first insulating layer is placed in the first groove on the first magnetic core, and a second insulating layer is placed in the second groove on the second magnetic core. The insulating layer serves as an air gap, facilitating the connection between magnetic cores and also making it easier to form an air gap.

[0081] When specifically designing the insulating layer, grooves, and third magnetic core, the dimensional relationships in directions a and b can be referenced. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The relevant description is provided. For example, if the thickness of the insulating layer is less than the depth of the corresponding groove, combined with... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first and second magnetic cores shown in the diagram represent the first insulating layer having a thickness less than the depth of the first groove, and the second insulating layer having a thickness less than the depth of the second groove.

[0082] This application also provides a circuit board, which can be of various types, such as those used in communication equipment or autonomous vehicles. Circuit boards often employ high-density, high-efficiency wiring methods. For example... Figure 10 The circuit board shown includes a wiring layer 200 and an electrical component 300 as described above; wherein the circuit of the wiring layer 200 and the electrical component 300 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance.

[0083] In a specific configuration, the circuit board includes a body 100, a wiring layer 200, and electrical components 300, all of which are mounted on the body 100. The electrical components 300 can be magnetic components such as inductors or transformers. The electrical components 300 can be as described above... Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Any of the structures shown. When the electrical component 300 adopts the above structure, the air gap is set in the first magnetic core or the second magnetic core. There is no air gap on the third magnetic core, so there is no magnetic flux dispersion. The generated magnetic field lines are more confined in the first and second magnetic cores, which reduces the situation that leads to additional cutting losses. It solves the problem that the windings need to avoid each other in high-density design, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density and high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0084] This application provides a switching power supply, which includes a housing and a circuit board, or any of the aforementioned electrical components, disposed within the housing. When using the circuit board, the circuit board can employ, for example... Figure 10The structure is shown. When only the above-described electrical components are used, the electrical components can be magnetic components such as inductors or transformers. The electrical components can be as described above... Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Any of the structures shown. When the electrical components adopt the above structure, the air gap is set in the first or second magnetic core. There is no air gap on the third magnetic core, so there is no magnetic flux dispersion. The generated magnetic field lines are more confined in the first and second magnetic cores, reducing the situation that leads to additional cutting losses. It solves the problem that the windings need to avoid each other in high-density designs, increases the wiring density on the circuit board, and makes the circuit board suitable for high-density and high-efficiency wiring scenarios.

[0085] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An electrical component, characterized in that, include: A first magnetic core and a second magnetic core are positioned opposite each other, and the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core form a space to accommodate the winding; A third magnetic core is located within the space enclosed by the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core, and the third magnetic core is used to wind the winding; The third magnetic core is fixedly connected to the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core respectively, and at least one of the first magnetic core and / or the second magnetic core is provided with an air gap; At least one of the first and second magnetic cores is provided with a groove for receiving the end of the third magnetic core; Each groove has an air gap between it and the end into which the third magnetic core is inserted. The air gap is an insulating layer, and the end of the third magnetic core is fixedly connected to the corresponding groove through the insulating layer; The thickness of the insulating layer is less than the gap between the sidewall of the groove and the sidewall of the third magnetic core.

2. The electrical component as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The opening area of ​​each groove is larger than the end face area of ​​the corresponding insertion end of the third magnetic core.

3. The electrical component as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each sidewall of each groove is spaced apart from the opposite sidewall on the third magnetic core.

4. The electrical component as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the third magnetic cores is one, and the third magnetic core and the first magnetic core are integrally formed; the air gap is provided inside the second magnetic core.

5. The electrical component as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first magnetic core and the third magnetic core form an E-shaped magnetic core, and the second magnetic core has a plate-like structure.

6. The electrical component as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the third magnetic cores is two; the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are both C-shaped magnetic cores; One of the third magnetic cores is fixedly connected to the first magnetic core; Another third magnetic core is fixedly connected to the second magnetic core; The first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are respectively provided with the air gap.

7. A circuit board, characterized in that, Includes a wiring layer and electrical components as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; The circuitry of the wiring layer is spaced apart from the electrical components.

8. A switching power supply, characterized in that, It includes a housing and a circuit board as described in claim 7 disposed within the housing, or an electrical component as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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