Wind power plant with power conversion system

Abstract

A wind power plant (100, 200, 300, 400) for providing electrical power (141) to a utility grid (101) is described, the wind power plant comprising: at least one wind turbine (103) having a wind turbine generator coupled to a wind turbine rotational axis (105) to which a plurality of rotor blades (107) are mounted, the wind turbine providing electrical power at an output terminal (109); at least one power conversion system (110), each power conversion system comprising: a plant motor (111) electrically coupled and configured to receive electrical power (127) from the output terminal (109) of the at least one wind turbine (103) and convert it into rotational power of a plant motor shaft (113); a plant generator (115) mechanically coupled to the plant motor shaft (113) and electrically couplable to the electrical utility grid (101).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wind power plant for supplying electrical power to a utility grid, wherein the wind power plant includes at least one power conversion system. Background Technology

[0002] Power generation equipment supplies electrical power to the public power grid. It is well known that to ensure grid stability, power generation and power consumption must be balanced. Grid operators need to continuously forecast the amount of energy demand to schedule matching energy production.

[0003] To date, synchronous generation—where primary energy is based on fossil fuels (i.e., carbon, oil, and natural gas)—has dominated power generation and ensured grid stability. Fossil fuel-based power generation makes the grid more robust because dispatched demand and actual demand can be adjusted when imbalances in generation load occur. This is possible because primary energy is guaranteed, and synchronous generators with large mechanical inertia can balance transient generation-load differences.

[0004] In synchronous generators, rotational speed and electrical frequency are directly related. Each conventional synchronous generator in each power generation unit is coupled to the power grid; therefore, the inertia of the electrical system is the sum of the rotational masses of all synchronous generators coupled to the grid. By using the electrical frequency as the key control parameter and considering the large inertia of all synchronous generators coupled to the grid, grid stability can be easily controlled.

[0005] Today, due to the increasing decarbonization of the power grid, the high penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and thermal power is rapidly replacing conventional power generation. However, wind and solar (PV) energy is based on asynchronous generation. Wind turbines generate electricity asynchronously because varying speeds are required to optimize energy production. PV energy is generated asynchronously because the primary source is obtained from direct current (DC).

[0006] The main drawback of high penetration of renewable energy is that the replacement of synchronous generation with asynchronous generation significantly reduces grid inertia.

[0007] As indicated, high renewable energy penetration does not provide inertia to the system, and virtual inertia in renewable energy generation is necessary to ensure grid stability. Furthermore, renewable energy is intermittent and very difficult to dispatch. To avoid losing control of the grid due to these typical characteristics of renewable energy generation, grid operators have included specific requirements related to virtual inertia, frequency, and voltage in grid specifications. Additionally, new features such as grid formation and black-start capabilities are included / required.

[0008] To meet the expanded requirements of new grid specifications in terms of inertia, frequency, and voltage, various control and hardware solutions are being explored. However, several issues remain regarding the appropriate scale for deploying renewable energy sources. A key problem is that different countries have different grid specification requirements. Each country requires specific controls, and sometimes specific hardware. Moreover, new grid specifications are released annually, necessitating significant time investment in analysis, product development modifications, validation, modeling, and certification. All of this makes it difficult for generator system manufacturers (OEMs) to standardize and optimize their products.

[0009] Another issue relates to power quality. Asynchronous generation has poor frequency and voltage waveform quality, and therefore power consumers need to adapt their installations to avoid problems in their equipment.

[0010] According to existing technologies, renewable energy generation equipment, including wind turbines, is equipped with specific controls and hardware to comply with the specific grid specifications of different countries. However, it has been observed that only relatively low power quality response has been achieved. In particular, for each country, renewable energy manufacturers are seeking and securing specific control and hardware solutions. The low power quality that is now being gradually introduced may cause consumer problems in the coming years. Currently, these problems are not adequately considered and / or addressed. For example, the public power grid—to which power from conventional generation equipment is supplied—may not be able to ensure stable voltage and / or frequency to the multiple receivers of the power. Therefore, problems may occur at the equipment or devices of the receivers.

[0011] Therefore, there may be a need for wind power generation equipment used to supply power to the public grid, where components can be more standardized and the power quality of the power supplied to the public grid is improved. Furthermore, local grid regulations can be met to a better extent. In addition, the wind power generation equipment can operate reliably, particularly including black-start capability. Furthermore, the wind power generation equipment can comply with grid regulations regarding active and / or reactive power and / or voltage, including participation in frequency control, in an improved manner. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This need can be met by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wind power generation device for providing electrical power to a public power grid is provided, the wind power generation device comprising: at least one wind turbine having a wind turbine generator coupled to a rotating shaft of the wind turbine, a plurality of rotor blades being mounted to the rotating shaft of the wind turbine, the wind turbine providing electrical power at an output terminal; at least one power conversion system, each power conversion system comprising: a plant motor electrically coupled and configured to receive electrical power from the output terminal of the at least one wind turbine (e.g., at an input terminal of the power conversion system) and convert it into rotational power of the plant motor shaft; and a plant generator mechanically coupled to the plant motor shaft and electrically coupled to an electrical public power grid (e.g., coupled to an output terminal of the power conversion system, the output terminal of which is coupled to the electrical public power grid).

[0014] The wind power generation equipment may include, for example, 1 to 100 or 1 to 500 wind turbines. The wind power generation equipment may be an offshore or onshore wind power generation equipment. Furthermore, the wind power generation equipment may include one or more power generation devices or equipment that are different from wind turbines or not based on wind energy. This may include equipment capable of generating electrical energy and / or equipment capable of generating mechanical energy.

[0015] The electrical power may specifically include AC power, particularly three-phase AC power. The wind turbine generator may, for example, include a synchronous generator, particularly a permanent magnet synchronous generator or a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). Each wind turbine may include a specific wind turbine controller that controls the generator and / or converters coupled to the generator. The wind turbine converter may specifically include an AC-DC-AC converter capable of converting a variable-frequency AC power stream received from the wind turbine generator into a fixed-frequency AC power stream, for example, with a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz. The wind turbine may further specifically be coupled to a wind turbine transformer that transforms the fixed-frequency AC power to a higher voltage value.

[0016] This at least one power conversion system may be able to collect all the power contributions from all wind turbines (and especially other energy generation equipment) and supply that power to the equipment motor. The equipment motor can then drive the equipment generator via its motor shaft. The equipment generator can ultimately output the total electrical power (the sum of the contributions from the different power generation equipment) to the public electrical grid. Thus, in particular, the equipment transformer can be used to transform the voltage to a higher level.

[0017] By providing a combination of equipment motors coupled to the generator of the equipment, the power quality output by the wind power generation equipment can better comply with grid specifications, particularly grid specifications regarding voltage and / or active power and / or reactive power.

[0018] In a centralized variant of the invention, specifically, only one power conversion system is provided to which all wind turbines supply their electrical power, and optionally, additional energy generation equipment supplies electrical and / or mechanical power to the power conversion system. In a distributed variant of the wind power generation system, multiple power conversion systems may exist, and each of these systems may receive power from some of the wind turbines and / or some of the power from some of the other energy generation equipment. Finally, all the multiple power conversion systems may supply their output power to a common busbar, which may be coupled to or coupled to a public power grid, particularly via one or more equipment transformers. In certain embodiments, providing multiple conversion systems may be advantageous because, in this case, the rating of each of the multiple power conversion systems does not need to match the total power output of the entire wind power generation system.

[0019] The motor shaft—including all other mechanical components mechanically coupled to it—can provide sufficient inertia to provide a storage of mechanical energy, thus offering a buffer in the event of a lack of energy supply from the wind turbine or an excess of energy received from it. Specifically, some of the energy or power ultimately supplied to the utility grid can be temporarily stored within an inertial mass coupled to or included in the equipment motor shaft. This can thereby improve the quality of the power ultimately supplied to the utility grid from the equipment generator of at least one conversion system, particularly regarding voltage and / or active and / or reactive power.

[0020] The equipment motor can be driven by AC power, particularly three-phase AC power, such as 50Hz or 60Hz or even different frequencies. The equipment generator can also output AC power, particularly with a frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz, and especially provide three-phase AC power.

[0021] According to embodiments of the present invention, at least one device generator and / or device motor in the at least one power conversion system includes a synchronous machine, particularly an electrically excited synchronous machine. When using an electrically excited synchronous machine as the device motor, it is possible to control the voltage in the wind power equipment by controlling the excitation.

[0022] When the generator and / or motor of the equipment includes or consists of synchronous motors, conventionally available motors or generators can be used. Therefore, the frequency of the AC power output by the generator can be equal to the electrical speed of the generator, which is related to the rotational speed, the number of pole pairs, etc. The motor can rotate in a frequency corresponding to or synchronous with the AC power received from the wind turbine used to drive the motor. Thus, the wind power generation equipment can be simplified and implemented using conventionally available components.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the invention, at least one of the power conversion systems further includes: a mechanical inertial mass, particularly a flywheel, coupled to or potentially coupled to the shaft of a corresponding device motor.

[0024] Mechanical inertial mass allows rotational energy to be temporarily stored in the mechanical inertial mass coupled to the motor shaft of a device. This enables the device's generator to output a more constant power output than currently produced by wind turbines and other equipment, if needed.

[0025] The mechanical inertial mass can be driven not only by the device motor, but also optionally by other energy-generating equipment, such as steam turbines and / or gas turbines mechanically coupled to the mechanical inertial mass and / or the corresponding device motor shaft. Furthermore, in other embodiments, in addition to wind turbines, the device motor can be driven by other component energy-generating equipment, such as photovoltaic cells or thermal conversion systems.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the invention, the total inertia value (H[seconds]) of the wind power generation device is between 2 seconds and 5 seconds. The inertial mass can be configured as a flywheel and contribute to the inertia of the wind power generation device. The flywheel may comprise a wheel or disc of a heavy material (such as metal) coupled to the device's motor shaft.

[0027] In electrical systems, inertia (e.g., the inertia of a wind turbine or a utility grid) is typically referred to as the inertia constant H, measured in seconds. To calculate the inertia constant H from mechanical inertia, the following equation is used:

[0028] H [seconds] =

[0029] Where J is the mechanical inertia of the mechanical inertial mass (in kg*m). 2 (in units), w is the speed of the rotating machinery, and S is the electrical apparent power.

[0030] In an embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to introduce mechanical inertia into the system to increase the inertia constant H (of the wind power generation device) to between 2 and 5 seconds. This is achieved by adding [amount] kg*m [amount]. 2 The inertia of a unit mechanical mass will depend on the power and speed of the system.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the power conversion systems further includes: a power conversion system controller configured to control the active power and / or reactive power and / or voltage at the output terminals of the power conversion system and / or at the public grid and / or at the input terminals of the power conversion system based on at least one reference value and / or measurement value related to the public grid and / or the plant grid.

[0032] A power conversion system controller enables appropriate control of the equipment motor and generator. For different control objectives, one and / or the other, i.e., the equipment motor and / or generator, can be controlled. For this purpose, specific control communication lines can be provided between the power conversion system controller and the equipment motor and / or generator. Specifically, the power conversion system controller may expect and enable control of the output voltage of the entire wind turbine generator set, and / or the output active power and / or output reactive power of the entire wind turbine generator set. In particular, the wind turbine connected to the at least one power conversion system does not need to output power and / or reactive power or voltage that must conform to the corresponding grid specifications. To provide electrical power that meets the requirements of a specific grid specification, the conversion system can appropriately shape the output power to meet the requirements regarding voltage, active power / reactive power, as is normally done in conventional power generation equipment.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power conversion system controller includes a device motor controller communicatively coupled to a device motor and a device generator controller communicatively coupled to a device generator.

[0034] To provide power for each individual device, namely the motor and generator, a corresponding controller enables separate control of the motor and generator. This improves power quality, particularly with respect to power supplied to the utility grid, and also improves the power, voltage, or reactive power supplied at the device grid (via which wind turbines and optionally other energy-generating equipment are coupled). The corresponding controller may include some conventionally available equipment, such as a PI controller, which receives reference values ​​(regarding voltage and / or reactive power and / or active power) and actual values ​​(e.g., regarding voltage and / or reactive power and / or active power), and provides or generates control signals based on the error between the reference value and the measured or feedback value. Therefore, it becomes possible to control, for example, the device grid voltage to a desired value, control the utility grid voltage, and provide frequency response, particularly in cases where there is a frequency deviation from the nominal utility grid frequency.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wind power generation device further includes at least one power generation component, which is different from the wind turbine and is connected to supply electrical power and / or mechanical power to the device motor. The power generation component includes at least one of the following: at least one photovoltaic cell unit; at least one thermal energy storage device; and / or at least one electrical power storage system, such as a lithium-ion battery; at least one steam turbine; at least one gas turbine, wherein the at least one power generation component specifically enables black start of the wind power generation device in the event of insufficient wind.

[0036] Furthermore, providing at least one power generation component that differs from or is attached to a wind turbine can further improve the quality of the generated power. In particular, combinations with at least one photovoltaic cell unit and / or at least one thermal energy storage device and / or at least one steam turbine and / or at least one gas turbine and / or at least one electric power storage system (e.g., lithium-ion battery) enable the supply of power, particularly substantially or approximately constant power, to the equipment motor in mechanical and / or electrical forms under varying wind conditions.

[0037] In cases such as compared to thermal energy storage devices, using at least an electrical power storage system can provide faster power flow control.

[0038] Black start can refer to the startup of a wind turbine after it has been shut down, such as after low wind conditions or disturbances (e.g., grid disturbances that cause the wind turbine to shut down). Additionally, a diesel generator can be included within the wind turbine, which can additionally or alternatively provide black start capability. During black start, one of the power generation components, different from any of the wind turbines, can initially supply electrical power to the wind turbine or at least one wind turbine to enable the execution of control functions. After the control functions are executed, such as appropriately yawing the wind turbine or adjusting the blade pitch angle, the respective wind turbines can begin operating and supply power to the grid themselves. Thus, more and more wind turbines can begin operating and eventually supply power to the grid, and then also to the turbine's motors.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device motor controller is configured to: receive a device active power reference signal, determine an individual active power reference signal for at least one of the at least one wind turbine and / or power generation components based on the device active power reference signal, and supply the individual active power reference signal to the at least one wind turbine and / or power generation component.

[0040] A device motor controller can be communicatively coupled to a device motor for controlling its operation. For example, the device motor controller can be coupled to a specific stator winding of the device motor. A specific stator current can then be generated in the motor's stator winding, ultimately causing the rotor (particularly a rotor with permanent magnets mounted thereon) to rotate relative to the stator of the device motor. The device motor controller can further, at least indirectly, control a wind turbine and / or at least one power generation component that differs from the wind turbine in its active power output. Therefore, the respective individual power outputs of the different energy generation components or equipment can be orchestrated so that the sum of the active power received at the device motor conforms to a desired value. A reference signal for the respective individual active power can be supplied to the corresponding controller of the individual power generation equipment.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the equipment motor controller is configured to control the equipment grid voltage by controlling the equipment motor to output a reference equipment grid reactive power to the equipment grid in the case of a permanent magnet synchronous motor or an electrically excited synchronous generator, using an automatic voltage regulator (AVR).

[0042] When using a permanent magnet generator, the stator voltage can be controlled using the stator reactive power (leading or lagging). When using an electrically excited generator, the output voltage can be controlled using the field current, such as an AVR.

[0043] Therefore, the equipment motor controller can also be configured to control the grid voltage by appropriately controlling the equipment motor to output a reference grid reactive power or by appropriately controlling the excitation current. When the grid voltage meets the desired value, the entire wind power generation system can operate in an improved manner. The automatic voltage regulator may include one or more PI controllers that receive, for example, an error value of the grid voltage by deriving the difference between the reference grid voltage and the measured or estimated grid voltage. The grid voltage can be controlled by also controlling the individual reactive power output of different components of the wind power generation system. Therefore, the equipment motor controller can be configured to send corresponding individual reference reactive power signals to the individual power generation components, including the wind turbine, which will cause these power generation components to actually output individual reactive power corresponding to the reference reactive power signals. This reactive power can then be received at the equipment motor.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the invention, a device generator controller is configured to control the device generator to output a reference reactive power to the public power grid; the device generator controller thereby specifically utilizes an automatic voltage regulator that receives measurements of the public power grid voltage. When the device generator is controlled to output a specific, i.e., reference reactive power to the public power grid, it becomes possible to participate in controlling the voltage of the public power grid, or at least contribute to the control of the public power grid voltage. The device generator is an electrically excited synchronous generator. It may be equipped with an automatic voltage regulator (AVR), and the excitation current may be adjusted to deliver reactive power to the grid.

[0045] The automatic voltage regulator may include, for example, a PI controller that receives an error signal of the grid voltage, which is the difference between the nominal grid voltage and the actual grid voltage. The grid voltage may be controlled, for example, at the low-voltage side or high-voltage side of a transformer optionally included in the wind power generation equipment.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wind power generation device further includes a load frequency controller configured to: receive a measurement of the public grid frequency; determine an active power reference signal based on the public grid frequency; and supply the active power reference signal to the device motor controller.

[0047] When the power supplied to the grid is less than the power drawn from the grid by multiple consumers, the grid frequency can be reduced below the nominal grid frequency. In this case, it may be necessary to inject active power from one or more of the power generation equipment, or particularly the wind turbine, into the grid. Specifically, the equipment active power reference can be determined or calculated based on the difference between the reference or nominal grid frequency and the actual grid frequency. The derived active power reference signal can then be supplied to the equipment motor controller, which can then supply multiple individual reference active power signals to multiple energy generation devices, including the wind turbine. Thus, the grid frequency can be maintained or stabilized at the nominal grid frequency.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the invention, at least one wind turbine further includes a wind turbine converter connected to a wind turbine generator for converting generator power into power supplied to the output terminals of the wind turbine at a substantially fixed frequency; and / or the device further includes: a device transformer coupled to the output terminals of all at least one power conversion system to transform the voltage supplied to the electrical utility grid to a higher value.

[0049] This allows support for conventional wind turbines. The wind turbine converter can, for example, include multiple controllable switches, such as IGBTs. The equipment transformer can be connected to all power conversion systems included in the wind power generation equipment. The voltage on the low-voltage side of the equipment controller can, for example, total between 0.69kV and 15kV. The voltage on the high-voltage side of the equipment transformer can, for example, total between 20kV and 400kV.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the invention, the device includes exactly one power conversion system to which all wind turbines supply their output power. In this case, a so-called centralized configuration of the wind power generation device is established. This centralized version has lower complexity but requires relatively high ratings for the exactly one power conversion system, including relatively high ratings for the device motor and the device generator.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the invention, the device includes at least two power conversion systems, the output terminals of which are electrically connected to a busbar electrically connected to a public power grid, particularly via a device transformer. In this case, a distributed variant of the wind power generation device is provided. This distributed version is more complex and requires more components. However, the ratings of the individual power conversion systems are not as high as in the centralized variant. Therefore, it can be implemented using conventionally available device motors and / or device generators.

[0052] In one example, the wind power generation equipment may further include a hydrogen production plant.

[0053] Under certain weather conditions, the wind turbine may have excess energy, meaning it may generate more power than it can inject into the grid and / or store. Under these conditions, the wind turbine may typically avoid generating this extra energy. To utilize the wind turbine's maximum energy / power generation capacity, this surplus energy could be supplied to a hydrogen production facility that generates (green) hydrogen.

[0054] This wind power generation device can therefore be more efficient because it ensures that the maximum energy generation capacity of the wind power generation device is achieved and / or all generated power can be used under one or more conditions. Additionally, the wind power generation device can also be more versatile because it can generate or provide different services and / or products, such as electricity and hydrogen.

[0055] In some examples, the wind power generation device may include at least a thermal energy storage device and a hydrogen production device. In some examples, the wind power generation device may include an electrical energy storage system (such as a lithium-ion battery) and a hydrogen production device.

[0056] The aspects and other aspects of the invention defined above will become apparent from the examples of embodiments described below, and will be explained with reference to these examples. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples of embodiments, but the invention is not limited to these examples. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention is not limited to the illustrated or described embodiments.

[0058] Figure 1 A wind power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0059] Figure 2 A wind power generation device according to another embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated;

[0060] Figure 3 A wind power generation device according to another embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated; and

[0061] Figure 4 The illustration schematically depicts a wind power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, with an emphasis on control features. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The illustrations in the accompanying drawings are schematic. It should be noted that in different drawings, elements that are structurally and / or functionally similar or identical are provided with the same reference numerals or reference numerals that differ only in the first digit. Description of an element not described in one embodiment may be obtained from the description of that element in another embodiment.

[0063] Figure 1 The wind power generation device 100, schematically illustrated, is used to provide electrical power to a public power grid 101. The wind power generation device 100 thus includes at least one wind turbine 103, which has a wind turbine generator (not shown) coupled to a wind turbine shaft 105, and a plurality of rotor blades 107 are mounted on the wind turbine shaft 105. The wind turbine provides electrical power at an output terminal 109.

[0064] The wind power generation device 100 further includes at least one power conversion system 110, which includes a device motor 111 electrically coupled and configured to receive electrical power from the output terminal 109 of at least one wind turbine 103. The device motor 111 is further configured to convert the received electrical power into rotational power for a device motor shaft 113. The power conversion system 110 further includes a device generator 115 mechanically coupled to the device motor shaft 113 and electrically coupled to, or potentially electrically coupled to, a public power grid 101. Figure 1 In the embodiment 100 of the wind power generation equipment illustrated in the figure, the generator 115 and the motor 111 are configured as synchronous motors.

[0065] In addition, Figure 1 In embodiment 100 of the wind power generation device illustrated herein, the power conversion system includes a mechanical inertial mass 117, which may be configured, for example, as a flywheel. The mechanical inertial mass 117 is coupled to the device motor shaft 113. In particular, the device motor shaft 113 and a continuation of another shaft or device motor shaft 119 are rotatably supported by corresponding bearings 121.

[0066] exist Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment 100, multiple other wind turbines 103, together with at least one wind turbine 103, are connected to a common busbar 123 via their corresponding output terminals 109. This common busbar 123 is electrically connected to the input terminal 125 of the equipment motor (e.g., representing the input terminal of the power conversion system 110). Therefore, the accumulated electrical power 127 generated by the multiple wind turbines 103 is supplied to the equipment motor 111 as drive power.

[0067] The wind power generation equipment 100, and particularly the power conversion system 110, further includes a power conversion system controller 129 configured to control active power and / or reactive power and / or voltage at power conversion system output terminals 131 and / or power conversion system input terminals, which in the illustrated embodiment are defined by terminals 125 of the equipment motor 111. For control purposes, the power conversion system controller 129 can receive measurements related to the public power grid 101 or the equipment grid, which consists of power cables 133 including bus 123 and additional power cables not shown. The power conversion system controller 129 is communicatively connected to the equipment generator 115 and the equipment motor 111, and will be referred to below. Figure 4 To describe in more detail.

[0068] Figure 1 The illustration shows an embodiment 100 of a wind power generation device configured as a centralized variant, wherein the wind power generation device includes exactly one power conversion system 110 to which the cumulative power 127 of all wind turbines 103 is supplied.

[0069] At least one wind turbine 103 of the wind power generation equipment 100 may include a wind turbine converter (not shown) connected to the wind turbine generator for converting generator power into power at a substantially fixed frequency supplied to the wind turbine output terminal 109.

[0070] Embodiment 100 of the power generation equipment further includes a device transformer 135 coupled to the output terminals 131 of all at least one power conversion system 110 to transform the voltage supplied to the electrical utility grid 101 to a higher value. Thus, the device transformer includes a low-voltage side 136 and a high-voltage side 138. As illustrated using three power lines 139a, 139b, and 139c, the AC power 141 output by the power conversion system 110 is three-phase AC power. The AC power 141 can be transmitted to multiple consumers via transmission lines.

[0071] Figure 2 A wind power generation device 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated. The wind power generation device 200 has a... Figure 1 The wind power generation equipment 100 illustrated herein is similar, but it is configured here as a distributed version. This wind power generation equipment includes multiple power conversion systems 210a, 210b, and 210c. Each of these power conversion systems is electrically coupled to at least one wind turbine, namely at least one wind turbine 203a, at least one wind turbine 203b, or at least one wind turbine 203c. The corresponding output terminals 231a, 231b, and 231c of the respective power conversion systems 210a, 210b, and 210c are electrically connected to a bus 234, which is connected to an equipment transformer 235.

[0072] Figure 3 A wind power generation device 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated, wherein the wind power generation device is different from... Figure 1 and Figure 2The wind power generation devices 100 and 200 illustrated further include at least one power generation component 341a, 341b, which is different from a wind turbine and is connected to supply electrical and / or mechanical power to the device motor 311. The at least one power generation component may be at least one of the following: at least one photovoltaic cell; at least one thermal energy storage device; at least one steam turbine; at least one gas turbine; and / or at least an electrical power storage system, such as a lithium-ion battery.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiment, power generation component 341a is configured as or includes a plurality of photovoltaic cell units 343. Furthermore, power generation component 341b is configured as a steam turbine system including a heat storage device 345 and a steam turbine 347. The steam turbine 347 includes a conduit or pipe 349 that conducts hot steam already heated in a heat exchanger 351 included within the heat storage device 345. Hereinafter, the heat storage device includes an electric heater 353, which can be operated using AC power from at least one wind turbine 303 via an electrical cable 355. The turbine system 341b further includes a pump 357 and a valve 359 to circulate steam within the conduit 349 and direct it to the steam turbine 347 via the heat exchanger 351. The steam turbine 347 includes a steam turbine shaft 361 mechanically coupled to a motor shaft 313 of a device motor 317. Therefore, when the steam turbine shaft 361 rotates, the motor 317 is mechanically driven in addition to being driven by the electrical energy or power 327 received from the wind turbine 303 and the photovoltaic device 341a. Since the photovoltaic cell unit 343 generates DC power, a DC-AC converter 363 is connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic cell unit 343 to convert the DC power into AC power with the same frequency (e.g., 50Hz or 60Hz) as the AC power generated by the wind turbine 303.

[0074] Under certain conditions, such as during very favorable weather conditions, a wind power generator, according to any of the disclosed examples, may generate more power than it can inject into the grid and / or store, thus resulting in energy surplus. In such cases, the wind power generator can generally avoid generating more power than it can inject and / or store.

[0075] To avoid generating this extra energy, in some examples (not shown), the wind power generation device may further include a hydrogen production device. Thus, in the event of excess energy generation, the hydrogen production device can receive this generated extra energy to produce green hydrogen (H2).

[0076] The hydrogen power generation device can be connected to the output of the at least one wind turbine and / or at least one power generation component, such as a thermal energy storage device or an electric power storage system, in order to obtain power for operation, i.e., to generate hydrogen when excess energy is generated.

[0077] Therefore, this wind power generation equipment can be more efficient because any excess energy can be utilized for hydrogen production, rather than being lost or not produced at all. Additionally, the maximum energy generation capacity of the wind power generation equipment can be ensured, thereby further improving its efficiency.

[0078] In an example where the wind power generation equipment includes a hydrogen production unit, the power conversion system controller can determine the amount or percentage of generated power to be injected into the grid, stored, and / or supplied to the hydrogen production unit. In one example, approximately 40-60% of the generated power can be injected into the grid, approximately 20-40% can be stored, and approximately 10-20% can be supplied to the hydrogen production unit.

[0079] Embodiments of the present invention provide a wind power generation device as a "real grid forming synchronous renewable plant (RGFSRP)" in which two synchronous motors are used and coupled to a mechanical shaft. One of these motors (i.e., device generator 115) is coupled to device motor 111, such that device motor drives device generator 115. Mechanical inertia (such as flywheel 117) may optionally be included to provide the inertia that the utility grid 101 may require. Thus, in particular, frequency support for the utility grid can be provided. Moreover, steam turbines (e.g., Figure 3 The steam turbine 347 illustrated may optionally be included to provide thermal energy storage, thereby ensuring energy during times / dates when there is no renewable energy source, i.e., when there is no wind or sufficient solar radiation.

[0080] Synchronous motors can typically be used in conventional power generation equipment. Furthermore, it is proposed to use controls similar to or the same as those used in conventional power generation equipment to control the synchronous motor. Figure 4 A wind power generation device 400 according to another embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated, with an emphasis on control issues. Power generation equipment 441a, 441b are similar to... Figure 3 The power generation devices 341a and 341b shown in the figure are also similarly connected to the corresponding power output terminals of at least one wind turbine 403.

[0081] Figure 4The power conversion system controller 429 of embodiment 400 of the power generation equipment illustrated includes an equipment motor controller 463 and an equipment generator controller 465. The equipment motor controller 463 is configured to receive an equipment active power reference signal 467 and is configured to determine an individual active power reference signal 469 for at least one wind turbine 403 and / or at least one power generation assembly 441a, 441b, and supply the individual active power reference signal 469 to at least one wind turbine 403 and / or power generation assembly 441a, 441b. The equipment motor controller 463 is further configured to control the equipment grid voltage by controlling the equipment motor 411 to output a reference equipment grid reactive power to the equipment grid 423, 433. Thus, the equipment motor controller 463 utilizes an automatic voltage regulator 471, which receives a measurement 473 of the equipment grid voltage from a voltage sensor 475. The automatic voltage regulator 471 outputs a control signal to an excitation system 472 that controls the motor stator winding 474.

[0082] The equipment generator controller 465 is configured to control the equipment generator 415 to output reference reactive power to the public power grid 401. Thus, the equipment generator controller utilizes an automatic voltage regulator 477, which receives measurements 479 from a grid sensor 481 that measures electrical properties, such as the voltage of the public power grid 401. The automatic voltage regulator 477 outputs control signals to the excitation system 470 that controls the generator stator windings 476.

[0083] Furthermore, the wind power generation equipment 400 includes a load frequency controller 483 configured to receive a measurement of the grid frequency from a sensor 481 and determine an active power reference signal 485 based on the grid frequency. Additionally, the load frequency controller 483 is configured to supply the active power reference signal 485 to the equipment motor controller 463, specifically via signal 467.

[0084] Furthermore, the active power reference signal 485 is also supplied to the photovoltaic device 441a, particularly to the photovoltaic device controller 487. Additionally, the active power reference signal is supplied to the wind turbine 403, particularly via the wind turbine controller 489. Specifically, module 488 calculates an individual wind power reference for the wind turbine, and module 486 calculates an individual photovoltaic cell reference for the photovoltaic device 441a.

[0085] The active power reference signal 485 is also supplied to the steam turbine system 441b via module 491, from which the individual turbine power reference is calculated, and is supplied to the thermal storage controller 493, which controls the thermal storage device and the steam turbine.

[0086] According to one embodiment, for example in Figure 1 , 2 The real-world grid shown in Figures 3 and 4 forms a synchronous renewable energy device that supplies shaft torque to the device's generator via the renewable energy device's motor and / or energy storage turbine. Therefore, the load frequency controller 483 sends a torque reference to the renewable energy device's motor and turbine control unit. The renewable energy device's motor control unit sends a power reference to the renewable energy device, or it can be configured in a maximum power point tracker (MPPT).

[0087] In embodiments where renewable energy devices are synchronized with a real power grid, the voltage and reactive power delivery to the grid can be controlled by an automatic voltage regulator for the device's generator. In one embodiment, the voltage and reactive power delivery to the renewable energy device is controlled by an automatic voltage regulator for the device's motor. The automatic voltage regulator for the device's motor can be configured to operate the renewable energy device at its point of maximum efficiency.

[0088] Renewable energy equipment can be designed using the same standardized hardware and software globally, independent of country-specific grid regulations. Renewable energy generators, motors, and their control systems can be designed to comply with the grid regulations of a particular country or region.

[0089] In an embodiment of a real grid forming a synchronous renewable energy device with energy storage capacity, the device's generator can ensure the same power quality and availability as conventional power generation equipment.

[0090] Equipment generator (e.g., Figures 1 to 4 The generators (115, 215, 315, 415) shown in the diagram can be synchronous motors to simplify the system. They need to be wound-rotor motors (not PMS) to allow control of the magnetic flux (stator or permanent magnet).

[0091] The embodiments of the present invention can provide the following advantages:

[0092] Power quality in the power grid can be significantly improved to the same level as conventional power generation equipment, such as fossil fuel-based power generation equipment. Cost reduction and standardization of electrical components are possible, and the design can be optimized from an electrical-side evaluation perspective.

[0093] The cost of wind turbines can be reduced, particularly regarding mechanical components. With more time to respond to grid events, the equipment can be optimized for efficiency and mechanical load resistance (i.e., lower pitch speed requirements).

[0094] Embodiments of the present invention enable easier and cheaper integration of wind power with energy storage devices that require grid-synchronized generators.

[0095] Furthermore, by introducing redundant synchronous generators into the same drive, higher availability and reduced downtime can be achieved.

[0096] The power conversion system can further provide compliance with future grid specifications, while the wind turbine itself may not need to be replaced or modified. Furthermore, it can simplify the electrical studies necessary for integrating new wind power equipment into the grid.

[0097] A simple system can also be transformed into higher reliability and lower maintenance for the wind power generation equipment.

[0098] It should be noted that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a (a or an)" does not exclude multiple. Furthermore, elements described in conjunction with different embodiments can be combined. It should also be noted that the reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wind power generation device (100, 200, 300, 400) for supplying electrical power (141) to a public power grid (101), said wind power generation device comprising: At least one wind turbine (103) having a wind turbine generator coupled to a wind turbine rotating shaft (105), a plurality of rotor blades (107) being mounted to the wind turbine rotating shaft (105), the wind turbine providing electrical power at an output terminal (109); At least one power conversion system (110), each power conversion system comprising: The device motor (111) is electrically coupled and configured to receive electrical power (127) from the output terminal (109) of the at least one wind turbine (103) and convert it into rotational power for the device motor shaft (113); The equipment generator (115) is mechanically coupled to the equipment motor shaft (113) and electrically coupled to the electrical utility power grid (101). At least one of the power conversion systems (110) further includes: A power conversion system controller (129) is configured to control the active power at the output terminal (131) of the power conversion system based on at least one reference value related to the public power grid. The power conversion system controller (429) includes a device motor controller (463) communicatively coupled to the device motor (411) and a device generator controller (465) communicatively coupled to the device generator (415). The device motor controller (463) is configured to: receive a device active power reference signal (467), determine an individual active power reference signal (469) for at least one of the at least one wind turbine and / or power generation components based on the device active power reference signal, and supply the individual active power reference signal (469) to the at least one wind turbine and / or the power generation component, wherein the device active power reference signal (485) is based on the public grid frequency, and wherein the device generator (115) and / or device motor (111) of at least one of the at least one power conversion system (110) includes a synchronous motor, particularly an electrically excited synchronous motor.

2. The wind power generation equipment according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the power conversion systems (110) further comprises: Mechanical inertial mass (117), particularly the flywheel, which is coupled or can be coupled to the corresponding device motor shaft.

3. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the total inertia value (H) of the wind power generation device (117) is between 2 seconds and 5 seconds.

4. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the power conversion system controller (129) is further configured to control the active power at the power conversion system output terminal (131) and / or the public grid and / or the power conversion system input terminal (125) based on at least one reference value and / or a measurement value related to the public grid and / or the device grid.

5. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the power conversion system controller (129) is further configured to control the reactive power and / or voltage at the power conversion system output terminal (131) and / or the public grid and / or the power conversion system input terminal (125) based on at least one reference value and / or a measurement value related to the public grid and / or the device grid.

6. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one power generation component (341a, 341b), said power generation component being different from the wind turbine and connected to supply electrical power and / or mechanical power to the device motor (311), said power generation component comprising at least one of the following: At least one photovoltaic cell unit (341a); At least one thermal energy storage device (345); At least one energy storage device; At least one steam turbine (341b); At least one gas turbine, The at least one of the power generation components specifically enables black start of the wind power generation equipment in the event of insufficient wind.

7. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device motor controller (463) is configured to control the device grid voltage by controlling the device motor (411) to output a reference device grid reactive power to the device grid.

8. The wind power generation equipment according to the preceding claim, wherein, in order to control the grid voltage of the equipment, the equipment motor controller utilizes an automatic voltage regulator (471), the automatic voltage regulator (471) receiving a measurement (473) of the grid voltage of the equipment.

9. A wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device generator controller (465) is configured to: control the device generator (415) to output a reference public grid reactive power to the public grid; wherein the device generator controller thereby utilizes an automatic voltage regulator (477) that receives a measurement (479) of the public grid voltage.

10. The wind power generation equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a load frequency controller (483), said load frequency controller (483) being configured to: Receive the measured value of the public power grid frequency (482); The active power reference signal (485) of the equipment is determined based on the frequency of the public power grid; and The active power reference signal (485, 467) of the device is supplied to the motor controller (463) of the device.

11. The wind power generation equipment according to any one of the preceding claims, The at least one wind turbine further includes: A wind turbine converter connected to the wind turbine generator is used to convert generator power into power at a fundamental fixed frequency that is supplied to the output terminals of the wind turbine. and / or The device further includes: A device transformer (135) is coupled to the output terminal (131) of all at least one power conversion system (110) so as to transform the voltage supplied to the electrical utility grid to a higher value.

12. The wind power generation device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (100) includes exactly one power conversion system (110) to which all wind turbines (103) supply their output power.

13. The wind power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the device (200) comprises at least two power conversion systems (210a, 210b, 210c), the output terminals (231a, 231b, 231c) of the at least two power conversion systems being electrically connected to a bus (234), the bus (234) being electrically connected to a public power grid (201), particularly via a device transformer (235).

14. The wind power generation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 13 further includes a hydrogen production device.

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