A 1,4-butanediol reactor based on catalytic reaction and method of use thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction and its method of use, comprising: a base on which a reactor is mounted, the reactor being formed by a reactor housing and a reactor cover; a lifting assembly mounted on the base for driving the reactor cover to engage or disengage from the reactor housing; and a switching mechanism mounted on the base, the switching mechanism including a transmission assembly and a rotating assembly, the rotating assembly having multiple loading components mounted thereon. When the reactor cover rises, the transmission assembly drives the rotating assembly to rotate, positioning one of the loading components between the reactor housing and the reactor cover. When the reactor cover descends, the transmission assembly drives the rotating assembly downwards, thereby eliminating the need to transfer reactants, reducing the required reactor size to lower production costs, simplifying the reaction process, and increasing the reaction rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 1,4-butenediol preparation, specifically a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The Reppe process for producing 1,4-butenediol involves placing acetylene and formaldehyde in a reactor consisting of several slurry-bed reactors connected in series. Using a modified Cu catalyst, the reaction proceeds at 79–90 °C and 0.12–0.13 MPa to produce butynediol. After filtration, the catalyst is separated from the reactants and remains in the reactor. The liquid phase flows out of the reactor for purification and then enters the next reactor. A modified Pd / C catalyst is added to the next reactor, and the butynediol is hydrogenated at 60–70 °C and 2.0–2.5 MPa. Then, in a packed reactor, using Ni as a catalyst, 1,4-butenediol is produced at 120–150 °C. Finally, the 1,4-butenediol is purified by distillation and thin-film evaporation to a purity ≥99%.

[0003] Currently, the industrial production of 1,4-butenediol mainly involves the reaction of acetylene and formaldehyde, with the addition of a catalyst to produce butynediol. The butynediol is then filtered and fed into the next reactor, where hydrogen and another catalyst are added. Finally, hydrogen and a final catalyst are added to the reactor again to produce 1,4-butenediol. The 1,4-butenediol is then purified by distillation and thin-film evaporation.

[0004] Because this production process needs to be carried out in three steps, a corresponding catalyst needs to be added in each step of the reaction, and filtration is required after the reaction is completed to ensure that the reactants are separated from the catalyst. This makes the production process complicated and the production cycle long, thereby increasing the production time cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction and its method of use, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction, comprising:

[0008] A base on which a reactor is mounted, the reactor being formed by a reactor housing and a reactor cover;

[0009] A lifting assembly, mounted on the base, is used to drive the reactor cover to engage or disengage from the reactor housing.

[0010] A switching mechanism is provided on the base. The switching mechanism includes a transmission component and a rotating component. Multiple loading components are installed on the rotating component. When the reactor cover is raised, the transmission component can drive the rotating component to rotate and position one of the loading components between the reactor body and the reactor cover. When the reactor cover is lowered, the transmission component can drive the rotating component to move downward.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the lifting assembly is fixedly installed on the upright plate on the base, the upright plate is provided with a sliding groove along its length, a slider is slidably installed in the sliding groove, and the slider is fixedly connected to an electric push rod fixedly installed on the upright plate;

[0012] A connecting plate is also installed on the slider, and the end of the connecting plate away from the slider is connected to the reactor cover.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the transmission assembly includes a ratchet rotatably mounted on the upright plate and a connecting rod fixedly mounted on the slider, wherein a plurality of pawls with upward teeth are rotatably mounted on the connecting rod, and the pawls are adapted to the ratchet;

[0014] The transmission assembly also includes a driven shaft rotatably mounted on the base, the driven shaft being connected to a bevel gear set disposed on the upright plate via a belt, and the bevel gear set being connected to the ratchet.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the rotating assembly includes:

[0016] A fixed sleeve is fixedly installed on the base, and the driven shaft passes through the fixed sleeve;

[0017] A telescopic structure is slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve, and the telescopic structure is fixedly connected to the loading component.

[0018] A guide structure is connected to the fixed sleeve, and the guide assembly can drive the telescopic structure to extend outward as the loading component rotates toward the reactor box.

[0019] An abutment structure is disposed on the driven shaft and connected to the telescopic structure. The abutment structure is used to drive the telescopic structure to move upward when the reactor cover moves upward.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the telescopic structure includes a rotating component slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve, wherein a plurality of hysteresis chambers are formed inside the rotating component, and a telescopic rod connected to the loading component is slidably installed in each of the hysteresis chambers;

[0021] The rotating component is also provided with multiple crossbars, which are slidably connected to the protrusions fixed on the telescopic rod and passing through the rotating component. A second spring is also sleeved on the crossbar, with one end of the second spring connected to the end of the crossbar and the other end connected to the protrusion.

[0022] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the guide structure includes a pulley rotatably mounted on the telescopic rod and passing through the rotating member, and a driven disk connected to the abutting structure. The driven disk is provided with a track, and a fitting groove is provided in the track, so that the pulley can roll in the fitting groove.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the abutting structure includes a connecting cover plate installed on the upper end of the driven shaft, a vertical rod penetrating the rotating component is connected to the connecting cover plate, a No. 1 spring is sleeved on the vertical rod, one end of the No. 1 spring is connected to the vertical rod, and the other end is connected to the rotating component;

[0024] The abutment structure also includes a horizontal plate fixedly installed on the fixed sleeve. Two follower fittings are symmetrically installed on the horizontal plate. A lifting rod that is fixedly connected to the driven disc is slidably installed in the follower fitting.

[0025] A method of using a catalytic reaction-based 1,4-butenediol reactor as described above includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: By controlling the lifting assembly, the reactor cover is separated from the reactor body;

[0027] Step 2: Load the catalyst to be used into the loading unit and connect the loading unit to the rotating assembly, while placing acetylene and formaldehyde in the reactor chamber;

[0028] Step 3: Activate the lifting assembly to drive the reactor cover downwards until it is combined with the reactor housing. At the same time, the reactor cover drives the rotating assembly downwards. At this time, one of the loading components is located in the chamber formed by the reactor housing and the reactor cover, and then the catalytic reaction is controlled to proceed.

[0029] Step 4: After the first catalytic reaction is completed, start the lifting component and move the reactor cover upward. At the same time, the rotating component moves upward synchronously. After the rotating component separates from the reactor cover, the transmission component drives the rotating component to rotate, so as to rotate another loading component to the top of the reactor box.

[0030] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 above to carry out the multi-step catalytic reaction;

[0031] Step 6: Remove the 1,4-butenediol produced by the reaction to complete the production process.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] By using lifting, transmission, and rotating components, the catalyst added to the reaction can be automatically filtered, discharged, and collected after each reaction step is completed. After filtration, the next catalyst can be automatically added to the reactor, thus eliminating the need to transfer reactants. This reduces the number of reactors required for the reaction, thereby lowering production costs and simplifying the reaction process, which in turn increases the reaction rate.

[0034] Specifically, the lifting component improves the sealing effect when the reactor cover is combined with the reactor housing, thus preventing the gas produced during the reaction from escaping and affecting the yield. The rotating component reduces the space occupied by the device during use, making the device more compact and suitable for areas with limited space. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction from another angle in one embodiment.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction from another angle in one embodiment.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission component in one embodiment of a catalytic reaction-based 1,4-butenediol reactor.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the switching mechanism in one embodiment of a catalytic reaction-based 1,4-butenediol reactor.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of the contact structure in one embodiment of a catalytic reaction-based 1,4-butenediol reactor.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic and guiding structures in one embodiment of a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the extension and guiding structures at another angle in one embodiment of a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Reactor housing; 3. Reactor cover; 4. Vertical plate; 5. Slider; 6. Electric push rod; 7. Connecting plate; 8. Connecting rod; 9. Pawl; 10. Ratchet; 11. Bevel gear set; 12. Belt; 13. Driven shaft; 14. Fixed sleeve; 15. Spring No. 1; 16. Rotating component; 17. Telescopic rod; 18. Loading component; 19. Crossbar; 20. Spring No. 2; 21. Connecting cover plate; 22. Crossbar; 23. Follower fitting; 24. Lifting rod; 25. Pulley; 26. Driven disc; 27. Fitting groove; 28. Vertical rod. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Furthermore, elements in this invention are referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, which may be directly on the other element or may also include an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or may also include an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0046] Please see Figures 1-8 In this embodiment of the invention, a 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction includes: a base 1, a lifting assembly, and a switching mechanism.

[0047] A reactor is provided on the base 1, and the reactor is formed by a reactor box 2 and a reactor cover 3.

[0048] The lifting assembly is mounted on the base 1 and is used to drive the reactor cover 3 to engage or disengage from the reactor housing 2.

[0049] The lifting assembly is fixedly installed on the upright plate 4 on the base 1. The upright plate 4 is provided with a sliding groove along its length. A slider 5 is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The slider 5 is fixedly connected to the electric push rod 6 fixedly installed on the upright plate 4.

[0050] A connecting plate 7 is also installed on the slider 5, and the end of the connecting plate 7 away from the slider 5 is connected to the reactor cover 3.

[0051] During use, the electric push rod 6 is controlled to move, causing the reactor cover 3 to engage or disengage from the reactor housing 2. This makes catalyst replacement more convenient and faster. Meanwhile, the upper edge of the reactor housing 2 is provided with a groove, and the lower edge of the reactor cover 3 is provided with a protrusion. The groove and the protrusion cooperate with each other to improve the sealing effect when the reactor cover 3 is engaged with the reactor housing 2, thereby preventing the gas produced during the reaction from escaping and affecting the yield.

[0052] Please see Figure 4 The switching mechanism is mounted on the base 1. The switching mechanism includes a transmission component and a rotating component. Multiple loading components 18 are mounted on the rotating component. When the reactor cover 3 rises, the transmission component can drive the rotating component to rotate and position one of the loading components 18 between the reactor body 2 and the reactor cover 3. When the reactor cover 3 falls, the transmission component can drive the rotating component to move downward.

[0053] The transmission assembly includes a ratchet 10 rotatably mounted on the vertical plate 4 and a connecting rod 8 fixedly mounted on the slider 5. Multiple pawls 9 with upward-facing teeth are rotatably mounted on the connecting rod 8, and the pawls 9 are adapted to the ratchet 10.

[0054] The transmission assembly also includes a driven shaft 13 rotatably mounted on the base 1. The driven shaft 13 is connected to a bevel gear set 11 disposed on the upright plate 4 via a belt 12. The bevel gear set 11 is connected to the ratchet 10.

[0055] The bevel gear set 11 includes a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear that are rotatably mounted on the vertical plate 4 and mesh with each other. The first bevel gear is coaxially connected to the ratchet 10, and the second bevel gear is connected to the belt 12.

[0056] After a portion of the catalytic reaction is completed, the electric push rod 6 drives the reactor cover 3 to move upward and separate from the reactor housing 2. At this time, the slider 5 is in an upward movement state, causing the connecting rod 8 to move upward. After the reactor cover 3 separates from the rotating assembly, the reactor cover 3 will continue to move upward. At the same time, the pawl 9 on the connecting rod 8 cooperates with the ratchet 10 to drive the ratchet 10 to rotate at a certain angle (the specific rotation angle depends on the number of loading parts 18. Taking this invention as an example, if three loading parts 18 are required, the ratchet 10 will rotate 120° at a time). During the rotation of the ratchet 10, the driven shaft 13 is driven to rotate through the bevel gear set 11 and the belt 12, so that the rotating assembly rotates. When the rotating assembly rotates, it drives the loading parts 18 to rotate, so that the first catalyst is moved away and the other catalyst is rotated to the top of the reactor housing 2. Then the above steps are repeated to achieve the joint preparation of 1,4-butenediol by multiple catalysts.

[0057] With the above settings, the catalyst added to the reaction can be automatically filtered out and collected after each reaction step is completed. After filtration, the next catalyst can be automatically added to the reactor, thus eliminating the need to transfer reactants. This reduces the number of reactors required for the reaction, thereby lowering production costs. At the same time, it simplifies the reaction process and increases the reaction rate.

[0058] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 The rotating assembly includes: a fixed sleeve 14, a telescopic structure, a guide structure, and an abutment structure.

[0059] The fixed sleeve 14 is fixedly installed on the base 1, and the driven shaft 13 passes through the fixed sleeve 14;

[0060] The telescopic structure is slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve 14, and the telescopic structure is fixedly connected to the loading component 18.

[0061] The telescopic structure includes a rotating component 16 that is slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve 14. Multiple hysteresis chambers are formed inside the rotating component 16, and a telescopic rod 17 connected to the loading component 18 is slidably installed in each of the hysteresis chambers.

[0062] The rotating component 16 is also provided with a plurality of crossbars 19. The crossbars 19 are slidably connected to the protrusion fixed on the telescopic rod 17 and passing through the rotating component 16. A second spring 20 is also sleeved on the crossbar 19. One end of the second spring 20 is connected to the end of the crossbar 19, and the other end is connected to the protrusion.

[0063] The guide structure is connected to the fixed sleeve 14. The guide assembly can drive the telescopic structure to extend outwards as the loading member 18 rotates towards the reactor housing 2. The guide structure includes a pulley 25 rotatably mounted on the telescopic rod 17 and passing through the rotating member 16, and a driven disk 26 connected to the abutment structure. A track is provided within the driven disk 26, and a fitting groove 27 is formed within the track, allowing the pulley 25 to roll within the fitting groove 27.

[0064] It should be noted that the above-mentioned track has a cam-shaped structure, that is, the track consists of a large-diameter semicircle, a small-diameter semicircle, and two straight surfaces. When the rotating part 16 rotates, when the pulley 25 moves from the small-diameter semicircle to the large-diameter semicircle, the second spring 20 releases elastic potential energy, causing the telescopic rod 17 to move away from the rotating part 16, thereby driving the loading part 18 to extend outward. At this time, the loading part 18 enters the upper part of the reactor box 2, while the pulleys 25 on the remaining telescopic rods 17 are inside the small-diameter semicircle. At this time, the telescopic rods 17 are in the state of being retracted into the rotating part 16.

[0065] The above design reduces the space occupied by the device during use, making the device more compact and suitable for areas with limited space.

[0066] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 8 The abutting structure is disposed on the driven shaft 13 and connected to the telescopic structure. The abutting structure is used to drive the telescopic structure to move upward when the reactor cover 3 moves upward. The abutting structure includes a connecting cover plate 21 installed on the upper end of the driven shaft 13. A vertical rod 28 penetrating the rotating member 16 is connected to the connecting cover plate 21. A first spring 15 is sleeved on the vertical rod 28. One end of the first spring 15 is connected to the vertical rod 28, and the other end is connected to the rotating member 16.

[0067] The abutment structure also includes a horizontal plate 22 fixedly installed on the fixed sleeve 14. Two follower fittings 23 are symmetrically installed on the horizontal plate 22. A lifting rod 24 fixedly connected to the driven disc 26 is slidably installed in the follower fitting 23.

[0068] When the reactor cover 3 moves downward, it will abut against the telescopic rod 17, driving the telescopic rod 17 and the loading component 18 to move downward. At this time, the rotating component 16 moves downward and compresses the first spring 15. Then, when the reactor cover 3 is combined with the reactor box 2, the loading component 18 is located between the reactor cover 3 and the reactor box 2 to carry out the catalytic reaction. At the same time, when the reactor cover 3 moves upward, the rotating component 16 moves upward under the action of the first spring 15. After the rotating component 16 is reset, the rotating component 16 will stop rising under the action of the upper limit ring of the fixed sleeve 14. At this time, the reactor cover 3 continues to rise, while driving the rotating component 16 to rotate.

[0069] The above settings improve the sealing effect between the reactor cover 3 and the reactor housing 2 during the reaction, while also preventing interference between the rotating part 16 and the telescopic rod 17 and the reactor cover 3 when they rotate.

[0070] As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for using a catalytic reaction-based 1,4-butenediol reactor as described above is also proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: By controlling the lifting assembly, the reactor cover 3 is separated from the reactor body 2;

[0072] Step 2: Load the catalyst to be used into the loading unit 18 and connect the loading unit 18 to the rotating assembly, while placing acetylene and formaldehyde in the reactor box 2;

[0073] Step 3: Start the lifting assembly to drive the reactor cover 3 downward to combine with the reactor box 2. At the same time, the reactor cover 3 drives the rotating assembly downward. At this time, one of the loading components 18 is located in the chamber formed by the reactor box 2 and the reactor cover 3, and then the catalytic reaction is controlled to proceed.

[0074] Step 4: After the first catalytic reaction is completed, start the lifting component and drive the reactor cover 3 to move upward. At the same time, the rotating component moves upward synchronously. After the rotating component separates from the reactor cover 3, the rotating component is driven to rotate under the action of the transmission component to rotate another loading component 18 to the top of the reactor box 2.

[0075] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 above to carry out the multi-step catalytic reaction;

[0076] Step 6: Remove the 1,4-butenediol produced by the reaction to complete the production process.

[0077] In summary, during use, the electric push rod 6 is controlled to move the reactor cover 3 to engage or disengage from the reactor housing 2, making catalyst replacement more convenient and rapid. Furthermore, the upper edge of the reactor housing 2 has a groove, and the lower edge of the reactor cover 3 has a protrusion. The groove and protrusion work together to improve the sealing effect when the reactor cover 3 is engaged with the reactor housing 2, thus preventing the escape of gases generated during the reaction and affecting the yield.

[0078] After a portion of the catalytic reaction is completed, the electric push rod 6 drives the reactor cover 3 to move upward and separate from the reactor housing 2. At this time, the slider 5 is in an upward movement state, causing the connecting rod 8 to move upward. After the reactor cover 3 separates from the rotating assembly, the reactor cover 3 will continue to move upward. At the same time, the pawl 9 on the connecting rod 8 cooperates with the ratchet 10 to drive the ratchet 10 to rotate at a certain angle (the specific rotation angle depends on the number of loading parts 18. Taking this invention as an example, if three loading parts 18 are required, the ratchet 10 will rotate 120° at a time). During the rotation of the ratchet 10, the driven shaft 13 is driven to rotate through the bevel gear set 11 and the belt 12, so that the rotating assembly rotates. When the rotating assembly rotates, it drives the loading parts 18 to rotate, so that the first catalyst is moved away and the other catalyst is rotated to the top of the reactor housing 2. Then the above steps are repeated to achieve the joint preparation of 1,4-butenediol by multiple catalysts.

[0079] The aforementioned track has a cam-shaped structure, consisting of a large-diameter semicircle, a small-diameter semicircle, and two straight surfaces. When the rotating component 16 rotates, as the pulley 25 moves from the small-diameter semicircle toward the large-diameter semicircle, the second spring 20 releases its elastic potential energy, causing the telescopic rod 17 to move away from the rotating component 16, thereby driving the loading component 18 to extend outward. As a result, the loading component 18 enters above the reactor box 2, while the pulleys 25 on the remaining telescopic rods 17 are inside the small-diameter semicircle. At this time, the telescopic rods 17 are retracted into the rotating component 16.

[0080] When the reactor cover 3 moves downward, it will abut against the telescopic rod 17, driving the telescopic rod 17 and the loading component 18 to move downward. At this time, the rotating component 16 moves downward and compresses the first spring 15. Then, when the reactor cover 3 is combined with the reactor box 2, the loading component 18 is located between the reactor cover 3 and the reactor box 2 to carry out the catalytic reaction. At the same time, when the reactor cover 3 moves upward, the rotating component 16 moves upward under the action of the first spring 15. After the rotating component 16 is reset, the rotating component 16 will stop rising under the action of the upper limit ring of the fixed sleeve 14. At this time, the reactor cover 3 continues to rise, while driving the rotating component 16 to rotate.

[0081] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0082] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction, characterized in that, include: A base (1) is provided with a reactor, which is formed by a reactor box (2) and a reactor cover (3); A lifting assembly is provided on the base (1) for driving the reactor cover (3) to engage or disengage from the reactor housing (2); A switching mechanism is provided on the base (1). The switching mechanism includes a transmission component and a rotating component. Multiple loading components (18) are installed on the rotating component. The catalyst to be used is loaded into the loading component (18). The transmission component can drive the rotating component to rotate when the reactor cover (3) rises, and make one of the loading components (18) located between the reactor box (2) and the reactor cover (3). When the reactor cover (3) falls, the rotating component can be driven to move downward. The lifting assembly is fixedly installed on the upright plate (4) on the base (1). The upright plate (4) is provided with a sliding groove along its length. A slider (5) is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The slider (5) is fixedly connected to an electric push rod (6) fixedly installed on the upright plate (4). A connecting plate (7) is also installed on the slider (5), and the end of the connecting plate (7) away from the slider (5) is connected to the reactor cover (3); The transmission assembly includes a ratchet (10) rotatably mounted on the vertical plate (4) and a connecting rod (8) fixedly mounted on the slider (5). Multiple pawls (9) with their teeth facing upwards are rotatably mounted on the connecting rod (8), and the pawls (9) are adapted to the ratchet (10). The transmission assembly also includes a driven shaft (13) rotatably mounted on the base (1), the driven shaft (13) being connected to a bevel gear set (11) disposed on the upright plate (4) via a belt (12), the bevel gear set (11) being connected to the ratchet (10); When the lifting assembly moves upward, the pawl (9) and ratchet (10) work together to drive the ratchet (10) to rotate the first catalyst away and the other catalyst to rotate above the reactor box (2).

2. The 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating component includes: A fixed sleeve (14) is fixedly installed on the base (1), and the driven shaft (13) passes through the fixed sleeve (14). The telescopic structure is slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve (14), and the telescopic structure is fixedly connected to the loading component (18); A guide structure is connected to the fixed sleeve (14), which can drive the telescopic structure to extend outward as the loading component (18) rotates toward the reactor box (2); An abutment structure is provided on the driven shaft (13) and connected to the telescopic structure. The abutment structure is used to drive the telescopic structure to move upward when the reactor cover (3) moves upward.

3. A 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic structure includes a rotating component (16) that is slidably sleeved on the fixed sleeve (14), so that multiple hysteresis chambers are formed inside the rotating component (16), and a telescopic rod (17) connected to the loading component (18) is slidably installed in each of the hysteresis chambers. The rotating component (16) is also provided with a plurality of crossbars (19). The crossbars (19) are slidably connected to the protrusion fixed on the telescopic rod (17) and passing through the rotating component (16). A second spring (20) is also sleeved on the crossbar (19). One end of the second spring (20) is connected to the end of the crossbar (19), and the other end is connected to the protrusion.

4. A 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide structure includes a pulley (25) rotatably mounted on the telescopic rod (17) and passing through the rotating member (16) and a driven disk (26) connected to the abutment structure. The driven disk (26) is provided with a track and a fitting groove (27) is provided in the track. The pulley (25) can roll in the fitting groove (27).

5. A 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The abutment structure includes a connecting cover plate (21) installed on the upper end of the driven shaft (13), and a vertical rod (28) that passes through the rotating part (16) is connected to the connecting cover plate (21). A first spring (15) is sleeved on the vertical rod (28), one end of the first spring (15) is connected to the vertical rod (28), and the other end is connected to the rotating part (16). The abutment structure also includes a horizontal plate (22) fixedly installed on the fixed sleeve (14), and two follower fittings (23) are symmetrically installed on the horizontal plate (22). A lifting rod (24) fixedly connected to the driven disc (26) is slidably installed in the follower fitting (23).

6. A method of using the 1,4-butenediol reactor based on a catalytic reaction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: By controlling the lifting assembly, the reactor cover (3) is separated from the reactor box (2); Step 2: Load the catalyst to be used into the loading unit (18) and connect the loading unit (18) to the rotating assembly, while placing acetylene and formaldehyde in the reactor box (2); Step 3: Start the lifting assembly to drive the reactor cover (3) downward to combine with the reactor box (2). At the same time, the reactor cover (3) drives the rotating assembly downward. At this time, one of the loading parts (18) is located in the chamber formed by the reactor box (2) and the reactor cover (3), and then the catalytic reaction is controlled to proceed. Step 4: After the first catalytic reaction is completed, start the lifting component and drive the reactor cover (3) to move upward. At the same time, the rotating component moves upward synchronously. After the rotating component separates from the reactor cover (3), the rotating component is driven to rotate under the action of the transmission component to rotate another loading component (18) above the reactor box (2). Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 above to carry out the multi-step catalytic reaction; Step 6: Remove the 1,4-butenediol produced by the reaction to complete the production process.

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