Antenna design method, device and equipment based on reconfigurable metasurface and medium

Abstract

The application discloses a reconfigurable metasurface-based antenna design method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a mathematical model according to the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain; solving the mathematical model to obtain initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximum; and performing parameter scanning in the preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters through full-wave simulation to obtain optimized antenna structure parameters. According to the reconfigurable metasurface-based antenna design method provided in the application, the structure of the reconfigurable metasurface antenna can be quickly optimized, the time required for optimization is reduced, good performance is achieved, and the optimization effect is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an antenna design method, apparatus, device, and medium based on a reconfigurable metasurface. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demand for data traffic in future wireless networks is growing dramatically. To meet this rapidly increasing demand, millimeter wave technology is considered a promising solution. However, due to the short wavelength and severe spatial attenuation of millimeter waves, single-antenna-based transmission systems cannot meet user signal quality requirements. Therefore, dense base station deployments and large-scale array antennas with beamforming capabilities are needed to compensate for the loss of millimeter wave signal gain.

[0003] Current large-scale array antennas primarily employ phased array antennas. However, because each element in a phased array antenna requires a separate RF circuit module to achieve phase modulation, the feed network structure is complex. Furthermore, as the operating frequency increases, the cost of phase shifters and power amplifiers that make up the RF circuitry rises, resulting in expensive millimeter-wave phased array antennas. In addition, since the electronic components used in the RF circuitry of phased array antennas are all active devices, energy loss is significant. Therefore, existing phased array antennas are unsuitable for millimeter-wave communication networks requiring large-scale antenna deployment. With the rapid development of tunable metamaterials, the emergence of low-cost and low-power reconfigurable metasurfaces (RIS) offers a promising solution to overcome the shortcomings of phased arrays. However, current RIS antenna design techniques suffer from drawbacks such as long development cycles or poor performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna design method, apparatus, device, and medium based on a reconfigurable metasurface. To provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, a brief summary is given below. This summary is not intended as a general commentary, nor is it intended to identify key / important components or describe the scope of protection of these embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simple form as a prelude to the detailed description that follows.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface, comprising:

[0006] A mathematical model is constructed based on the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain;

[0007] Solve the mathematical model to obtain the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximized;

[0008] By performing full-wave simulation, the parameters are scanned within the preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters to obtain the optimized antenna structure parameters.

[0009] In one embodiment, before constructing a mathematical model based on the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain, the following steps are also included:

[0010] Establish a spatial coordinate system, with the reconfigurable metasurface located in the XOY plane.

[0011] In one embodiment, parameter scanning is performed within a preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters to obtain optimized antenna structure parameters, including:

[0012] Obtain the initial antenna structure parameters;

[0013] The initial antenna structure parameters are added to or subtracted by preset values ​​to obtain the antenna structure parameter scanning range;

[0014] Based on the antenna structure parameter scanning range, antenna structure parameters within multiple preset ranges are obtained. Full-wave simulation is then performed based on these preset ranges of antenna structure parameters, and the antenna structure parameter with the highest system gain is selected as the optimized antenna structure parameter.

[0015] In one embodiment, after obtaining the optimized antenna structure parameters, the method further includes:

[0016] Calculate the system gain based on the optimized antenna structure parameters;

[0017] Determine whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold;

[0018] If the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, the optimized antenna structure parameters are deemed to meet the requirements.

[0019] In one embodiment, after determining that the optimized antenna structure parameters meet the requirements, the method further includes:

[0020] Configure the antenna system based on the optimized antenna structure parameters.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna design apparatus based on a reconfigurable metasurface, comprising:

[0022] The model building module is used to construct a mathematical model based on the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain.

[0023] The first calculation module is used to solve the mathematical model to obtain the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximum.

[0024] The second calculation module is used to perform parameter scanning within the preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters through full-wave simulation to obtain the optimized antenna structure parameters.

[0025] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0026] The verification module is used to calculate the system gain based on the optimized antenna structure parameters;

[0027] Determine whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold;

[0028] If the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, the optimized antenna structure parameters are deemed to meet the requirements.

[0029] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the above embodiments when executing the program instructions.

[0030] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions, which are executed by a processor to implement an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface provided in the above embodiments.

[0031] The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment may include the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The reconfigurable metasurface antenna design method provided in this application first constructs an optimization problem based on the relationship between antenna system parameters and gain. Then, it optimizes and solves the antenna structure parameters using numerical calculation methods to obtain initial antenna structure parameters. Finally, it uses full-wave simulation software to scan the parameters around this numerical solution and selects the optimal value as the final result. This method can significantly reduce the optimization time required because numerical optimization takes little time, and subsequent full-wave simulation only needs to search around the numerically optimized solution, greatly reducing the state space. Furthermore, combining numerical calculation with full-wave optimization achieves excellent performance.

[0033] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna system based on a reconfigurable metasurface, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna design device based on a reconfigurable metasurface, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a computer storage medium according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice them.

[0042] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0044] Currently, existing phased array antennas are unsuitable for millimeter-wave communication networks requiring large-scale antenna deployment. With the rapid development of tunable metamaterials, the emergence of low-cost and lightweight reconfigurable metasurfaces (RIS) offers a promising solution to overcome the shortcomings of phased arrays. Compared to phased array antennas, metasurface antennas require only simple control circuitry to change the antenna pattern, reducing antenna design and manufacturing costs. RIS eliminates the need for power-consuming phase-shifting circuits, achieving beam control solely with low-power diodes, significantly reducing antenna manufacturing costs and power loss.

[0045] With the emergence of various metamaterial antennas, the forms of product display are becoming increasingly diverse. As a crucial component of communication systems, the performance of antennas is vital to the overall system performance. Current design methods for reconfigurable metasurface antenna structures include using full-wave simulation software to scan parameters such as the number of metasurface elements, element spacing, and feed incident angle to find the optimal structural parameters that optimize antenna bandwidth. However, the large number and wide range of parameters in the metasurface structure to be designed result in a large state space, and the time required for each set of parameters in full-wave simulation is excessive and unacceptable. Another approach involves using numerical calculation software to calculate the optimal phase configuration to improve antenna radiation performance. However, the models used and the actual radiation of the reconfigurable metasurface antenna have errors, so the solutions obtained by algorithms in numerical calculation software are not necessarily the optimal solutions, leading to unsatisfactory RIS antenna performance.

[0046] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface, which will be described below in conjunction with the attached diagram. Figure 1 This application provides a detailed description of the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces, as illustrated in the embodiments. See also... Figure 1 The method specifically includes the following steps.

[0047] S101 constructs a mathematical model based on the relationship between antenna structural parameters and gain.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna system based on a reconfigurable metasurface, according to an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the antenna system includes an antenna support, a smart metasurface, a control circuit, and a feed. The reconfigurable metasurface is composed of a metasurface array consisting of 32*32 periodically arranged elements. The control circuit is fixed on the antenna support as part of the array, and the feed is also mounted on the antenna support.

[0049] This application example illustrates how optimizing the antenna gain can be achieved by designing the feed position. By optimizing the feed position, the antenna gain is made not lower than a preset threshold. In an exemplary embodiment, the threshold is 22 dBi, ensuring that the antenna gain is not lower than 22 dBi.

[0050] Specifically, a spatial coordinate system is first established. The reconfigurable metasurface is located in the XOY plane, the axis perpendicular to the metasurface is the Z-axis, and the feed source is located at a point in the OYZ plane.

[0051] Furthermore, based on the radiation model of the reconfigurable metasurface antenna, an optimization problem is constructed. For example, the relationship between antenna structural parameters such as feed location and size of the reconfigurable metasurface array and gain is established, and the constructed mathematical model is shown below:

[0052]

[0053] Where, r ′ mn Let θ represent the distance between the feed and the metasurface array, θ represent the pitch angle in the spherical coordinate system centered at the midpoint of the metasurface (i.e., the angle between the projection of the vector onto the xoz plane and the z-axis), φ represent the azimuth angle in the spherical coordinate system, and β represent the distance between the feed and the metasurface array. mn =z f / r ′ mn ,z f The axial distance between the feed and the metasurface is represented by Gain(θ,φ), which represents the antenna gain in the (θ,φ) direction in the far-field pattern. The array is composed of 32*32 elements. M and N represent the number of elements in the x and y directions of the array, respectively. r represents the distance between each element and the observation point. Since it is located in the far-field region, the distance of each element can be equivalent to r.

[0054] Based on this step, a mathematical model can be constructed according to the relationship between the feed position and gain in the antenna system.

[0055] S102 solves the mathematical model to obtain the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximized.

[0056] After obtaining the constructed mathematical model, a genetic algorithm is used in MATLAB software to solve the mathematical model and obtain the initial feed position when the system gain is maximized. In one embodiment, the initial feed position (0, 80 mm, 153 mm) is obtained by solving the mathematical model.

[0057] Alternatively, those skilled in the art may use other software or other algorithms to solve the problem, such as deep learning-based algorithms, ant colony algorithms, etc. The specific solution method for the model is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0058] S103 performs full-wave simulation and parameter scanning within the preset range of initial antenna structure parameters to obtain optimized antenna structure parameters.

[0059] Because the mathematical model used and the actual radiation of the reconfigurable metasurface antenna have errors, the solution obtained by the algorithm in the numerical calculation software is not the actual optimal solution, resulting in the reconfigurable metasurface antenna's performance failing to meet requirements. Therefore, after obtaining the initial feed position, full-wave simulation is used to perform parameter scanning within a preset range of the initial feed position to obtain the optimized feed position.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, parameter scanning is performed within a preset range of the initial feed position to obtain an optimized feed position, including: obtaining the Y-axis coordinates and Z-axis coordinates of the initial feed position; adding or subtracting preset values ​​based on the Y-axis coordinates and Z-axis coordinates to obtain the Y-axis coordinate scanning range and Z-axis coordinate scanning range; obtaining feed positions within multiple preset ranges based on the Y-axis coordinate scanning range and Z-axis coordinate scanning range; performing full-wave simulation based on the feed positions within multiple preset ranges; and selecting the feed position with the highest system gain as the optimized feed position.

[0061] Specifically, the initial position of the feed (0, 80mm, 153mm) is obtained. Since the X-axis coordinate is fixed at 0, scanning is only performed near the Y-axis and Z-axis coordinates. Preset values ​​are added to and subtracted from the Y-axis and Z-axis coordinates to obtain the Y-axis and Z-axis scanning ranges. For example, if the Y-axis coordinate is 80mm, adding or subtracting 5mm gives the Y-axis range as [75mm, 85mm]. To avoid obstruction of the feed's reflected beam, the feed height should be greater than or equal to the height of the array's upper surface. The corrected Y-axis range is...

[0062] [80mm, 85mm]. The scanning range of the z-axis is [148mm, 158mm]. Based on the scanning range of the Y-axis and Z-axis, the feed position within multiple preset ranges is obtained, such as (0, 80mm, 148mm), (0, 80mm, 149mm), (0, 80mm, 150mm), (0, 80mm, 151mm), (0, 80mm, 152mm), (0, 80mm, 153mm), (0, 80mm, 154mm), (0, 81mm, 153mm), (0, 82mm, 153mm), etc.

[0063] Furthermore, full-wave simulation was performed based on feed positions within multiple preset ranges, and the feed position with the highest system gain was selected as the optimized feed position. The obtained feed positions were then sequentially input into the three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic field simulation software CST for full-wave simulation, calculating the system gain corresponding to each coordinate, and the position with the highest system gain was selected as the optimized feed position. The final optimized position was (0, 82mm, 150mm), with a corresponding gain of 22.5dBi, which meets the requirements.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, after obtaining the optimized feed position, the method further includes: calculating the system gain based on the optimized feed position, determining whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold, and if the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, determining that the optimized feed position meets the requirements.

[0065] Furthermore, the feed source is controlled to move to the optimized feed source position. In an exemplary embodiment, the final optimized position is (0, 82mm, 150mm), with a corresponding gain of 22.5dBi, which is greater than the preset threshold of 22dBi and meets the requirements. The feed source is then controlled to move to the position (0, 82mm, 150mm).

[0066] This step yields the optimized feed position, and setting the antenna structure based on the optimized feed position ensures the high gain requirement of the antenna system.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface according to an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 2 As shown, an optimization problem is first constructed based on the radiation model of the RIS antenna, relating the variable to be optimized to the objective. Then, an optimization algorithm is used to solve this problem in numerical computation software. The obtained numerical solution is used as the initial point, and full-wave simulation software is used to scan the parameters around this numerical solution, selecting the optimal value as the final result.

[0068] The antenna structure parameter optimization method provided in this application embodiment can also optimize other structure parameters, such as antenna size, feed gain, etc. By constructing a mathematical model of other structure parameters and system gain, initial values ​​are obtained, and then full-wave simulation is performed near the initial values ​​to obtain the optimal structure parameters.

[0069] The optimization design method provided in this application significantly reduces the optimization time compared to methods relying solely on full-wave simulation parameter scanning. Since numerical optimization takes little time, and subsequent full-wave simulation only requires searching near the numerically optimized solution, greatly reducing the state space, the full-wave simulation time is drastically shortened. Compared to methods using only numerical calculation software for rapid optimization, this application's method further improves performance to meet performance requirements, as pure numerical calculation does not yield the actual optimal solution. Furthermore, this application's method, by combining numerical simulation with full-wave simulation parameter scanning, ensures the optimality of the results, thereby further enhancing the optimization effect.

[0070] This application also provides an antenna design apparatus based on a reconfigurable metasurface, which is used to execute the antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface described above. Figure 4 As shown, the device includes:

[0071] Model building module 401 is used to build a mathematical model based on the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain;

[0072] The first calculation module 402 is used to solve the mathematical model and obtain the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximum.

[0073] The second calculation module 403 is used to perform parameter scanning within the preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters through full-wave simulation to obtain the optimized antenna structure parameters.

[0074] In one embodiment, it also includes:

[0075] The verification module is used to calculate the system gain based on the optimized antenna structure parameters;

[0076] Determine whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold;

[0077] If the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, the optimized antenna structure parameters are deemed to meet the requirements.

[0078] It should be noted that the antenna design apparatus based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the functional modules described above when executing the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces. In practical applications, the functions described above can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the antenna design apparatus based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the above embodiments and the antenna design method embodiments based on reconfigurable metasurfaces belong to the same concept, and the implementation process is detailed in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] This application also provides an electronic device corresponding to the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the foregoing embodiments, to execute the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces described above.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 5 This illustrates a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device includes: a processor 500, a memory 501, a bus 502, and a communication interface 503. The processor 500, the communication interface 503, and the memory 501 are connected via the bus 502. The memory 501 stores a computer program that can run on the processor 500. When the processor 500 runs the computer program, it executes the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurface provided in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0081] The memory 501 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 503 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, or metropolitan area network.

[0082] Bus 502 can be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. Buses can be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. Memory 501 is used to store programs. After receiving execution instructions, processor 500 executes the programs. The antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application can be applied to processor 500, or implemented by processor 500.

[0083] The processor 500 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of the processor 500 or by instructions in software form. The processor 500 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 501. The processor 500 reads the information in memory 501 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0084] The electronic device provided in this application embodiment and the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurface provided in this application embodiment are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods they adopt, operate or implement.

[0085] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium corresponding to the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the foregoing embodiments. Please refer to... Figure 6 The computer-readable storage medium shown is an optical disc 600, on which a computer program (i.e., a program product) is stored. When the computer program is run by a processor, it executes the antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0086] It should be noted that examples of computer-readable storage media may also include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other optical and magnetic storage media, which will not be elaborated here.

[0087] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above embodiments of this application and the antenna design method based on reconfigurable metasurfaces provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the application programs stored therein.

[0088] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0089] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface, characterized in that, include: A spatial coordinate system is established, with the reconfigurable metasurface located in the XOY plane, the axis perpendicular to the metasurface being the Z-axis, and the feed located at a point in the OYZ plane. A mathematical model is constructed based on the relationship between antenna structural parameters and gain. The constructed mathematical model is shown below: in, This indicates the distance between the feed source and the metasurface array. Let represent the pitch angle in a spherical coordinate system centered at the midpoint of the hypersurface. Represents the azimuth angle in a spherical coordinate system. , This indicates the axial distance between the feed source and the metasurface. This represents the antenna gain in the (θ,φ) direction of the far-field pattern, where M and N represent the number of array elements along the x and y axes, respectively, and r represents the distance between each element and the observation point. Solving the mathematical model yields the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximized; the structure parameters include the feed location and the size of the reconfigurable metasurface array. Full-wave simulation is used to scan parameters within a preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters to obtain optimized antenna structure parameters. This includes: acquiring the initial antenna structure parameters; adding or subtracting preset values ​​from the initial antenna structure parameters to obtain the antenna structure parameter scanning range; obtaining antenna structure parameters within multiple preset ranges based on the antenna structure parameter scanning range; performing full-wave simulation based on the antenna structure parameters within multiple preset ranges; and selecting the antenna structure parameter with the highest system gain as the optimized antenna structure parameter.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After obtaining the optimized antenna structure parameters, the following is also included: Calculate the system gain based on the optimized antenna structure parameters; Determine whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold; If the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, the optimized antenna structure parameters are deemed to meet the requirements.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After confirming that the optimized antenna structure parameters meet the requirements, the following steps are also included: Configure the antenna system based on the optimized antenna structure parameters.

4. An antenna design device based on a reconfigurable metasurface, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to establish a spatial coordinate system. The reconfigurable metasurface is located in the XOY plane, the axis perpendicular to the metasurface is the Z-axis, and the feed source is located at a point in the OYZ plane. A mathematical model is constructed based on the relationship between antenna structure parameters and gain. The constructed mathematical model is shown below: in, This indicates the distance between the feed source and the metasurface array. Let represent the pitch angle in a spherical coordinate system centered at the midpoint of the hypersurface. Represents the azimuth angle in a spherical coordinate system. , Indicates the axial distance between the feed source and the metasurface. This represents the antenna gain in the (θ,φ) direction of the far-field pattern, where M and N represent the number of array elements along the x and y axes, respectively, and r represents the distance between each element and the observation point. The first calculation module is used to solve the mathematical model to obtain the initial antenna structure parameters when the system gain is maximized; the structure parameters include the feed position and the size of the reconfigurable metasurface array. The second calculation module is used to perform parameter scanning within a preset range of the initial antenna structure parameters through full-wave simulation to obtain optimized antenna structure parameters. This includes: acquiring the initial antenna structure parameters; adding or subtracting preset values ​​from the initial antenna structure parameters to obtain the antenna structure parameter scanning range; obtaining antenna structure parameters within multiple preset ranges based on the antenna structure parameter scanning range; performing full-wave simulation based on the antenna structure parameters within multiple preset ranges; and selecting the antenna structure parameter with the highest system gain as the optimized antenna structure parameter.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The verification module is used to calculate the system gain based on the optimized antenna structure parameters; Determine whether the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to a preset gain threshold; If the calculated system gain is greater than or equal to the preset gain threshold, the optimized antenna structure parameters are deemed to meet the requirements.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory storing program instructions, the processor being configured to, when executing the program instructions, perform the antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. A computer-readable medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-readable instructions that are executed by a processor to implement an antenna design method based on a reconfigurable metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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