A mulberry cultivation method suitable for drug extraction and silkworm breeding

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, and specifically discloses a mulberry cultivation method suitable for drug extraction and taking into account silkworm breeding, including a step of winter felling from December of the previous year to January of the current year, and two steps of cutting branches from April to August; the two cutting branches in April to August and the branches and leaves obtained from the winter felling are picked for silkworm breeding, and the branches remaining after the leaves are picked are used for extracting the effective components of active drugs in mulberry branches; the method also includes the step of picking leaves from mulberry trees for silkworm breeding in autumn. The method of the present invention increases the time for enterprise acquisition and production by 5 months compared with the traditional method, greatly reduces the difficulty of enterprises to acquire mulberry branches, prolongs the production time, and reduces the inventory cycle. In addition, the growth period of the cut mulberry branches is shorter, and the alkaloid content is relatively high, thereby improving the extraction efficiency. The method of the present invention can take into account silkworm farmers and silkworm breeding. Although the annual output of mulberry leaves decreases, the labor cost saved by changing the leaf picking method from leaf picking to leaf picking after cutting branches and the income from selling mulberry branches can make up for its loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a mulberry cultivation method which is suitable for drug extraction and silkworm breeding. Background Art

[0002] The whole mulberry tree is a treasure. Mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and mulberry roots can all be used as medicine. Mulberry leaves are used to feed silkworms, and mulberry branches are used to extract medicine. This not only increases the income of silkworm farmers, but also solves the problem of having nowhere to pile up mulberry branches.

[0003] There are two ways to harvest mulberry leaves: leaf harvesting and strip harvesting. The former is to pick leaves and transport them back to the silkworm room for silkworm rearing (leaf harvesting), while the latter is to cut (cut) the entire branch with leaves and branches and transport them back to the silkworm room for silkworm rearing (strip mulberry rearing). Although the northwest region of Guangxi is the most concentrated area for sericulture, the average scale of mulberry planting and silkworm rearing per household is small, and most of them still adopt the traditional leaf harvesting method. At the same time, due to the high temperature and drought in autumn and scarce rainfall in the northwest region of Guangxi, the growth of mulberry trees after delayed cutting is slow, which not only reduces the yield in autumn of the current year but also affects the yield in spring of the following year. Therefore, the region rarely adopts the strip mulberry rearing method for silkworm rearing. Some of the silkworm areas in Guangdong and southeastern Guangxi adopt the strip mulberry harvesting method, cutting the branches twice a year before and after the summer solstice and winter solstice, which greatly improves the efficiency of mulberry leaf harvesting and is also conducive to the promotion of mechanized harvesting of mulberry leaves.

[0004] Regardless of whether it is leaf harvesting or strip harvesting, mulberry branches are only cut twice a year. For pharmaceutical companies that use mulberry branches as raw materials for production and processing, there are basically only two months of mulberry branch purchasing time each year, which makes it impossible for the companies to produce continuously. This not only wastes the processing capacity of the companies, but also reduces the mulberry branch income of silkworm farmers. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to explore a method for improving the uniformity of annual supply of mulberry branches and increasing the content of effective ingredients of active drugs in mulberry branches while taking into account the yield of mulberry leaves.

[0006] One of the active ingredients of mulberry twig active drugs is alkaloids, the main form of which is 1-deoxynojirimycin.

[0007] The present invention can change the winter cutting height of mulberry trees, combine the spring and summer mulberry harvest, autumn leaf harvest, and the change of fertilization and irrigation, so that the cutting time of mulberry trees can be carried out in 7 months from April to August and December to January of the following year, which increases the mulberry branch acquisition time by 5 months compared with the traditional harvesting method, prolongs the production time of enterprises, and reduces the inventory cycle of enterprises. In addition, the growth period of the mulberry branches cut is shorter, and the alkaloid content is relatively high, thereby improving the extraction efficiency of enterprises. The method of mulberry cultivation and harvesting takes into account the silkworm farmers' silkworm breeding. Although the annual output of mulberry leaves decreases, the labor cost saved by the leaf picking method from leaf picking to leaf picking after cutting and the income from selling mulberry branches can fully make up for its loss.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a mulberry tree cultivation method which is suitable for drug extraction and takes into account silkworm breeding, which specifically includes the steps of performing winter felling from December of the previous year to January of the current year and performing two fellings from April to August; the height of the two fellings from April to August from the ground is 20±5 cm, and the height of the winter felling from the ground is 40±5 cm to 60±5 cm; the leaves obtained from the two fellings from April to August and the winter felling are picked for silkworm breeding, and the remaining branches after picking the leaves are used for extracting the effective ingredients of the active drugs in the mulberry branches; the method also includes the step of picking leaves from mulberry trees for silkworm breeding in autumn.

[0009] In the above method, the two fellings in April-August and the winter felling are to fell all the mulberry branches above the corresponding height above the ground.

[0010] In the above method, the two times of cutting branches in April-August are specifically the first time in April-May and the second time in July-August.

[0011] In the above method, the height of the branches cut in winter is 40±5 cm or 60±5 cm from the ground.

[0012] In the above method, the height of the winter felling can be determined specifically according to the growth strength of the mulberry trees. The height of the winter felling of mulberry trees with vigorous growth (one-year-old branches with a length of more than 1.5-2.0 meters) is 40±5 cm from the ground, and the height of the winter felling of mulberry trees with weak growth (one-year-old branches with a length of less than 1.5 meters, especially less than 1.2) is 60±5 cm from the ground.

[0013] In the above method, the timing of the two fellings in April-August and the timing and height from the ground of the winter felling can be carried out according to the combination of A1 or A2:

[0014] A1. Winter felling is carried out once in mid-January every year. The height of winter felling is 60±5 cm from the ground. Cutting is carried out once in April and July respectively.

[0015] A2. Winter felling is carried out once in late January every year. The height of winter felling from the ground is 40±5 cm. Felling is carried out once in May and August.

[0016] In the above method, the time of the two fellings in April-August and the time and height above the ground of the winter felling are preferably rotated annually according to the combination of A1 and the combination of A2. That is, the combination of A1 is used for one year and the combination of A2 is used for the next year, and then the rotation is repeated in this order.

[0017] In the above method, the mulberry trees are mulberry trees in a common hybrid mulberry garden used for mulberry planting and silkworm breeding. The mulberry trees are mature mulberry trees over 2 years old, and the planting density is 4000-8000 plants / mu.

[0018] In the above method, the active ingredient of the mulberry twig active drug may be an alkaloid, and the alkaloid is preferably 1-deoxynojirimycin.

[0019] In the above method, the cutting is performed twice in April-August, and weeding, fertilization and irrigation are performed after each cutting. Specifically, fertilizer is applied once within 3 days after each cutting. The specific amount of fertilizer applied can be: 40 kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 15 kg / mu of urea.

[0020] In the above method, after each winter felling, ditches are dug between the mulberry trees and fertilizer is applied once during the budding period of the mulberry trees. Specifically, the fertilizer can be 40kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 15kg / mu of urea. Specific fertilizers can also be added: 20kg / mu of calcium and magnesium fertilizer, 0.5kg / mu of boron fertilizer, and 100kg / mu of organic fertilizer.

[0021] In the above method, the method is applicable to the northwest region of Guangxi, with specific longitude and latitude of 105-110° east longitude and 23-26° north latitude.

[0022] This application has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. The present invention provides a mulberry cultivation method suitable for drug extraction and sericulture. The cultivation method is to control the pruning height of the mulberry trees, adjust the pruning time of the mulberry branches, pick leaves for silkworms in spring and summer after cutting the branches, and directly pick leaves from the mulberry trees for silkworms in autumn. The method can be applied to the production and processing of mulberry branch related drugs while taking sericulture into consideration.

[0024] 2. The cultivation method of the present invention was tested in the northwest of Guangxi, where mulberry cultivation and silkworm breeding are most concentrated in China. In addition to the traditional cutting of mulberry trees around the summer solstice in June and the cutting of mulberry trees around the winter solstice, the mulberry gardens using the method of the present invention also added one more cutting in April-August, which is one more cutting than the traditional method. In addition, the time of winter cutting is also postponed by 15-30 days compared with the traditional winter solstice.

[0025] 3. By adopting the cultivation method of the present invention, pharmaceutical companies can purchase and produce in the 7 months from April to August and from December to January of the following year. Compared with only adopting the traditional cultivation and pruning method, the company has increased the harvesting time by 5 months, which can significantly reduce the difficulty of pharmaceutical companies in purchasing mulberry branches, extend the production time of the company, and reduce the company's inventory cycle.

[0026] 4. The cultivation method of the present invention can obtain mulberry branches with relatively high alkaloid content, thereby improving the extraction efficiency of the enterprise.

[0027] 5. The cultivation method of the present invention, except in autumn, changes the leaf picking method from picking leaves directly from branches to picking leaves from branches after cutting the branches, thus saving labor costs.

[0028] In short, this mulberry cultivation method can take into account the silkworm farmers' silkworm breeding, save labor, and extend the mulberry branch purchase period of pharmaceutical companies. Moreover, since it is not a traditional mulberry branch harvesting season, companies are willing to increase the price to purchase mulberry branches. The losses caused by the reduced production of mulberry branches and mulberry leaves can be fully accepted by silkworm farmers, achieving a win-win situation for pharmaceutical companies and silkworm farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is the HPLC spectrum of 1-deoxynojirimycin standard.

[0030] Figure 2 The HPLC spectrum of the alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin content in the mulberry branch sample in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0032] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The test was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone with sufficient sunlight and rainfall. The planting plot is a slope with a slope of 5-6 degrees, a high groundwater level, irrigation conditions, and good drainage. The mulberry variety is "Guisangyou No. 12", which is a 4-year-old mulberry tree.

[0035] The multi-factor experiment was set up with three treatments, each treatment had three replications, and the planting area of ​​each treatment and one replication was 0.5 mu. 6,000 mulberry trees were planted per mu, with a row spacing of 0.14 m × 0.8 m.

[0036] Treatment 1 (control): The mulberry trees were cut down once in winter around the winter solstice, and once in summer around the summer solstice of the following year (mid-June). Both summer and winter cutting were carried out at a height of 20±5 cm from the ground, and leaves were picked for silkworm rearing throughout the year.

[0037] Treatment 2: Winter felling was carried out in mid-January at a height of 60±5 cm above the ground; cutting was carried out at a height of 20±5 cm above the ground in mid-April and mid-July; leaves were picked from the branches and leaves obtained from the three fellings for silkworm rearing, and the remaining branches after the leaves were purchased by pharmaceutical companies for the extraction of active ingredients of mulberry branch active drugs; leaves were picked in autumn for silkworm rearing. Weeding, fertilization and irrigation were carried out after each felling.

[0038] Treatment 3: Winter felling was carried out in late January at a height of 40±5 cm above the ground; cutting was carried out at a height of 20±5 cm above the ground in mid-May and mid-August. The branches and leaves obtained from the three fellings were picked for silkworm rearing. The remaining branches after the leaves were picked were purchased by pharmaceutical companies for the extraction of active ingredients of mulberry branch active drugs; leaves were picked in autumn for silkworm rearing. Weeding, fertilization and irrigation were carried out after each felling.

[0039] In this method, the felling height and felling time of treatment 2 and treatment 3 are rotated once a year, that is, the winter felling and spring and summer felling of the plots are carried out according to the felling height and felling time of treatment 2, the winter felling and spring and summer felling of the plots are carried out according to the felling height and felling time of treatment 3 in the next year, and the winter felling and spring and summer felling of the plots are carried out according to the felling height and felling time of treatment 2 in the third year. The winter felling height can also be determined according to the growth strength of the mulberry trees. The winter felling height of the mulberry trees with strong growth is 40±5 cm above the ground, otherwise it is 60±5 cm above the ground.

[0040] After each winter felling, dig trenches between the mulberry rows and apply fertilizer once. Except for winter felling, apply fertilizer (broadcast fertilizer) once within 3 days after felling at other times.

[0041] Each time fertilization was applied, 50 kg of compound fertilizer plus 15 kg of urea was applied per mu in treatment 1, and 40 kg of compound fertilizer plus 15 kg of urea was applied per mu in treatments 2 and 3. After winter felling of mulberry trees in all treatments, 20 kg of calcium and magnesium fertilizer per mu, 0.5 kg of boron fertilizer per mu, and 100 kg of organic fertilizer per mu were added.

[0042] The compound fertilizer used was Jinsu 17-17-17 produced by Stanley Agricultural Group Co., Ltd., with a total nutrient content of 51%.

[0043] The urea used was Zhongcheng industrial urea produced by Jinan Zhongcheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with a total content of ≥46.4%.

[0044] The organic fertilizer used can be microbial organic fertilizer, specifically the Lvyun microbial organic fertilizer produced by Shijiazhuang Lvyun Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with an organic matter content of ≥ 60%.

[0045] The calcium magnesium fertilizer used was Jinsheng brand calcium magnesium nitrate produced by Shanxi Jiaocheng Jinsheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with calcium oxide ≥16% and magnesium oxide ≥6%.

[0046] The boron fertilizer used was Borui granular boron produced by Anhui Borui Agrochemical Co., Ltd., with a boron content of ≥10.8%.

[0047] Irrigate immediately after fertilizing, and then do a good job of drainage and irrigation depending on the weather.

[0048] 1. Determination of mulberry leaf yield and mulberry branch yield

[0049] The yield of mulberry leaves and mulberry branches was investigated in each treatment area, and the yield per 667 m 2 The yield of mulberry leaves and mulberry branches was determined by weighing the leaves after cutting. The control group cut branches in mid-June and December, and the annual yield was calculated by adding up the two times. Treatment 2 was cut in mid-January, cut branches in mid-April and mid-July, and treatment 3 was cut in late January, cut branches in mid-May and mid-August. The annual yield of treatment 2 and treatment 3 was calculated by adding up the three times. Due to the problem of leaf fall in autumn, the autumn mulberry leaf yield survey of the three groups was conducted in early November. The average values ​​of the three-year measurement results are shown in Table 1:

[0050] Table 1 Comparison of mulberry leaf and mulberry branch yields under different pruning treatments

[0051] deal with Mulberry leaf yield (kg / mu) Mulberry branch yield (kg / mu) Treatment 1 (conventional felling) <![CDATA[1484.5 a ]]> <![CDATA[1532.0 a ]]> Treatment 2 (winter felling 60±5cm above the ground) <![CDATA[1315.0 b ]]> <![CDATA[1048.0 b ]]> Treatment 3 (winter felling 40±5cm above the ground) <![CDATA[1307.0 b ]]> <![CDATA[1091.0 b ]]>

[0052] Note: Data in the same column followed by different lowercase letters indicate significant differences after multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).

[0053] The results of variance analysis and post hoc multiple comparison of the mulberry leaf and mulberry branch yields of each pruning and harvesting treatment showed (see Table 1): the mulberry leaf and mulberry branch yields of each group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with treatment 1, the mulberry leaf yields of treatments 2 and 3 decreased by 11.4% and 12.0%, respectively, and the mulberry branch yields decreased by 31.6% and 28.8%.

[0054] 2. Determination of the content of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry alkaloids

[0055] The alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin in one-year-old mulberry branches was determined in each treatment and sub-area. The cut mulberry branches were randomly sampled, and one-year-old mulberry branches with no pests and diseases and the same growth were selected from each plot as samples. After drying and crushing, they were stored at low temperature for later use.

[0056] The extraction method of mulberry alkaloids is carried out according to the method of Example 1 in the patent application with publication number CN 110393738 A. The HPLC spectrum of the alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin content of the standard sample is shown in Figure 1 HPLC chart of 1-deoxynojirimycin content of mulberry branch alkaloids is shown in Figure 2 The mass percentage of 1-deoxynojirimycin, an alkaloid of mulberry branches under different pruning treatments, is shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2 Comparison of the mass percentage of 1-deoxynojirimycin, an alkaloid of mulberry branches, under different pruning treatments

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Note: Data in the same column followed by different lowercase letters indicate significant differences after multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).

[0061] The results of variance analysis and post hoc multiple comparisons were performed on the alkaloid content of mulberry branches in each cutting and harvesting treatment. The results showed that the differences in alkaloid content were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with treatment 1, the content of mulberry branch alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin in treatments 2 and 3 increased by 18.6% and 16.9%, respectively (the results are shown in Table 2).

[0062] The efficiency of artificial mulberry cutting and harvesting is 6-8 times higher than that of manual leaf picking, and mechanized harvesting is 25-30 times higher. The price of mulberry leaves is RMB 1 per kilogram, and the price of artificial mulberry leaves from trees is RMB 1 per kilogram. According to the price of silk cocoons in recent years, RMB 50 per kilogram, the reduction of the annual output of mulberry leaves is controlled within 30%, and silkworm farmers can accept this method of mulberry leaf picking that reduces labor intensity. In the traditional mode, summer and winter cutting of mulberry branches are concentrated around the summer solstice and the winter solstice, causing enterprises to rot before they have time to purchase fresh mulberry branches. Although the method of the present invention reduces the output of mulberry branches by 31.6%-28.8%, the alkaloid content increases by 18.6% and 16.9%, and the key is that enterprises greatly reduce the energy consumption of extraction. In the non-traditional mulberry branch harvesting seasons from April to May and August and the end of January of the second year, enterprises are willing to increase the price by 1-2 times to purchase mulberry branches to achieve balanced and continuous production. Therefore, this mulberry tree cultivation and harvesting mode achieves a win-win situation for pharmaceutical companies and silkworm farmers.

[0063] The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented in a wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without the need for unnecessary experimentation. Although the present invention provides specific embodiments, it should be understood that further improvements may be made to the present invention. In short, according to the principles of the present invention, this application intends to include any changes, uses or improvements to the present invention, including changes made by conventional techniques known in the art that depart from the scope disclosed in this application. Applications of some of the basic features may be made within the scope of the following appended claims.

Claims

1. A mulberry cultivation method suitable for drug extraction and silkworm breeding, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of performing winter felling once in mid-to-late January and performing branch felling twice in April-August; the branch felling twice in April-August is 20±5 cm above the ground, and the branch felling height in winter is 40±5 cm to 60±5 cm above the ground; leaves obtained from the branch felling twice in April-August and the winter felling are picked for silkworm breeding, and the remaining branches after the leaf picking are used for extracting effective components of active drugs in mulberry branches; the method further comprises the step of picking leaves from mulberry trees for silkworm breeding in autumn; The two times of cutting in April to August are: the first cutting in April to May and the second cutting in July to August; The method is applicable to the northwest region of Guangxi.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winter felling height from the ground is 40±5 cm or 60±5 cm.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of winter felling is determined according to the growth strength of the mulberry trees. The height of winter felling for vigorously growing mulberry trees is 40±5 cm from the ground, and the height of winter felling for weakly growing mulberry trees is 60±5 cm from the ground.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The time of felling twice in April-August and the time and height from the ground of winter felling are carried out according to the combination of A1 or A2: A1. Winter felling is carried out once in mid-January every year. The height of winter felling is 60±5 cm from the ground. Cutting is carried out once in April and July respectively. A2. Winter felling is carried out once in late January every year. The height of winter felling from the ground is 40±5 cm. Felling is carried out once in May and August.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The timing of the two fellings from April to August and the timing and height from the ground of the winter felling are rotated every year according to the combination of A1 and the combination of A2.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mulberry trees are mature mulberry trees over 2 years old, with a planting density of 4000-8000 trees per mu.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The branches are cut twice from April to August, and fertilizer is applied once within 3 days after each cutting.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Apply fertilizer once after each winter felling.

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