A tar cracking device and method in a biomass gasifier

Abstract

The present invention provides a tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier, comprising: a biomass gasifier, a tar condensation recovery tank is installed on the gas outlet at the upper end of the biomass gasifier, the biomass gasifier and the tar condensation recovery tank are installed on an equipment support platform, the biomass gasifier is inclined, a feed inlet is provided on one side of the biomass gasifier, a slag discharge port is provided at the lower end of the biomass gasifier, a grate is provided in the biomass gasifier below the feed inlet, and a tar catalytic cracking plate is provided in the biomass gasifier above the feed inlet. The present invention can realize multiple tar recovery and cracking of the gas generated by biomass gasification, not only improving the tar recovery efficiency, but also preventing the tar from blocking the pipeline and ensuring the service life of the overall equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass utilization equipment, and in particular to a tar cracking device and method in a biomass gasifier. Background Art

[0002] The biomass pyrolysis technology is one of the cutting-edge technologies in the research of biomass energy in the world. This technology can convert biomass mainly composed of waste such as wood chips into high-quality substitute liquid fuels (bio-oil) that are easy to store, transport, have a high energy density and are convenient to use through a continuous process and industrialized production method. It can not only be directly used for the combustion of existing boilers, gas turbines and other equipment, but also can make the quality of the liquid fuel close to that of conventional power fuels such as diesel or gasoline through further improvement and processing. In addition, chemical products with commercial value can be extracted from it. Compared with conventional fossil fuels, bio-oil can be regarded as a green fuel in the 21st century because of its extremely small content of harmful components such as sulfur and nitrogen.

[0003] The Chinese patent discloses a device for catalytic cracking of agricultural and forestry waste to produce biochar, biodiesel and gas (patent number: 201520254564.8), including: a feeding device, a pyrolysis device, a cyclone dust collector, a purifier, and a gas collector. The feeding device is installed on one side of the pyrolysis device. One side of the pyrolysis device is connected to the cyclone dust collector, the cyclone dust collector is connected to the purifier, and the gas collector is connected to the gas pipeline. However, it cannot solve the problem of tar condensation blocking the pipeline in the gas, and moreover, it cannot recycle the tar. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tar cracking device and method in a biomass gasifier to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: A tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier, comprising: a biomass gasifier, a tar condensation recovery tank is installed on the gas outlet at the upper end of the biomass gasifier, the biomass gasifier and the tar condensation recovery tank are installed on an equipment support platform, the biomass gasifier is inclined, a feed inlet is provided on one side of the biomass gasifier, a slag discharge port is provided at the lower end of the biomass gasifier, a grate is provided in the biomass gasifier below the feed inlet, a tar catalytic cracking plate is provided in the biomass gasifier above the feed inlet, the tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined in the biomass gasifier, the tar catalytic cracking plate comprises a cracking support plate, a plurality of catalytic converter mounting holes are provided on the cracking support plate, the catalytic converter mounting holes are evenly distributed on the cracking support plate, a cracking catalytic converter is provided in the catalytic converter mounting hole, the cracking catalytic converter comprises a hollowed-out cap body and a hollow fixed sleeve, a plurality of through grooves are provided on the hollowed-out cap body, the through grooves communicate with the inside of the hollow fixed sleeve, the hollow fixed sleeve communicates with the inside of the biomass gasifier, catalyst embedding grooves are provided on the hollowed-out cap body on both sides of the through groove, a tar cracking catalyst is provided in the catalyst embedding groove, and the outside of the hollow fixed sleeve is installed on the catalytic converter mounting hole by means of threads.

[0006] Further, a temperature control layer is provided on the outside of the tar condensation recovery tank, a gas secondary output pipe is provided on the tar condensation recovery tank, a gas input pipe is provided at one end of the tar condensation recovery tank, a tar collection pipe is provided at the lower end of the tar condensation recovery tank, and the tar collection pipe is connected to a tar recovery injection pipe on the biomass gasifier through a tar circulation pipe.

[0007] Further, a tar primary collection pipe is provided at the top end of the biomass gasifier, a collection baffle is provided in the biomass gasifier on the side of the tar primary collection pipe, and the tar primary collection pipe is connected to a tar recovery injection pipe on the biomass gasifier through a tar circulation pipe.

[0008] Further, a heating layer is provided on the outside of the tar circulation pipe to prevent tar from sticking and solidifying, and a tar transfer pump is provided on the tar circulation pipe.

[0009] Further, a temperature control liquid circulation pipe is provided on the outside of the biomass gasifier, one end of the temperature control liquid circulation pipe is connected to a circulation input pipe, and the other end is connected to a circulation output pipe, and circulation control valves are provided on the circulation input pipe and the circulation output pipe.

[0010] Further, the circulation control valve comprises a control valve body, connection flanges are provided at both ends of the control valve body, a valve body seal cover is provided at the upper end of the control valve body, and a valve body control wheel is provided on the control valve body.

[0011] Further, the equipment support platform includes an upper support platform and a lower support platform. The upper support platform is installed on the lower support platform through a number of support columns. The lower support platform is fixedly installed on the equipment support base. The tar condensation recovery tank is installed on the upper support platform, and the biomass gasifier is installed on the lower support platform.

[0012] A method for cracking tar in a biomass gasifier includes the following steps:

[0013] Step (1). Feed the biomass raw material into the biomass gasifier through the feed port and start the biomass gasifier.

[0014] Step (2). The preliminary tar produced by the biomass gasifier is catalytically cracked on the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier.

[0015] Step (3). As the temperature at the top of the biomass gasifier changes, the tar produced by the biomass gasifier will gradually liquefy, and then be injected onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier through the top tar primary collection pipe, tar circulation pipe, and tar recovery injection pipe for catalytic cracking.

[0016] Step (4). Further control the separation of tar in the gas through the temperature control layer on the outside of the tar condensation recovery tank, and then inject it onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier through the tar collection pipe, tar circulation pipe, and tar recovery injection pipe on the tar condensation recovery tank; this can ensure the full treatment of tar and prevent pipeline blockage.

[0017] Further, the temperature of the biomass gasifier outside the tar catalytic cracking plate is 800 - 1000 °C, and the temperature inside the tar condensation recovery tank is 80 - 280 °C.

[0018] Further, the catalyst on the tar catalytic cracking plate is one or a mixture of several of dolomite, olivine, clay ore, charcoal, alkali metal compounds, and nickel-based catalysts.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention can achieve multiple tar recovery and cracking of the gas produced by biomass gasification, not only improving the tar recovery efficiency, but also preventing tar from blocking the pipeline and ensuring the service life of the overall equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tar catalytic cracking plate of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cracking catalytic converter of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the circulation control valve of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature-controlled liquid circulation pipe of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] In order to make the implementation means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components.

[0026] Embodiment 1

[0027] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, a tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier includes: a biomass gasifier 1, a tar condensation recovery tank 6 is installed on the gas outlet 3 at the upper end of the biomass gasifier 1. The biomass gasifier 1 and the tar condensation recovery tank 6 are installed on an equipment support platform. The biomass gasifier 1 is inclined. There is a feed inlet 2 on one side of the biomass gasifier 1, a slag discharge port 4 at the lower end of the biomass gasifier 1, a grate 5 in the biomass gasifier 1 below the feed inlet 2, and a tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier 1 above the feed inlet 2. The tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined and arranged in the biomass gasifier 1. The tar catalytic cracking plate includes a cracking support plate 51. There are several catalytic converter mounting holes 53 on the cracking support plate 51. The catalytic converter mounting holes 53 are evenly distributed on the cracking support plate 51. A cracking catalytic converter 52 is arranged in the catalytic converter mounting holes 53. The cracking catalytic converter 52 includes a hollow cap body 521 and a hollow fixing sleeve 522. There are several through grooves 523 on the hollow cap body 521. The through grooves 523 communicate with the inside of the hollow fixing sleeve 522. The hollow fixing sleeve 522 communicates with the inside of the biomass gasifier 1. Catalyst embedding grooves are arranged on the hollow cap body 521 on both sides of the through grooves 523. Tar cracking catalysts are arranged in the catalyst embedding grooves. The outside of the hollow fixing sleeve 522 is installed on the catalytic converter mounting holes 53 by threads.

[0028] Embodiment 2

[0029] As Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, a tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier includes: a biomass gasifier 1, a tar condensation recovery tank 6 is installed on the gas outlet 3 at the upper end of the biomass gasifier 1. The biomass gasifier 1 and the tar condensation recovery tank 6 are installed on an equipment support platform. The biomass gasifier 1 is inclined. One side of the biomass gasifier 1 is provided with a feed inlet 2, the lower end of the biomass gasifier 1 is provided with a slag discharge port 4, a grate 5 is arranged in the biomass gasifier 1 below the feed inlet 2, and a tar catalytic cracking plate is arranged in the biomass gasifier 1 above the feed inlet 2. The tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined in the biomass gasifier 1. A temperature control layer is arranged outside the tar condensation recovery tank 6. A gas secondary output pipe 8 is arranged on the tar condensation recovery tank 6. One end of the tar condensation recovery tank 6 is provided with a gas input pipe 7, and the lower end of the tar condensation recovery tank 6 is provided with a tar collection pipe 9. The tar collection pipe 9 is connected to a tar recovery injection pipe 13 on the biomass gasifier 1 through a tar circulation pipe 11. A tar primary collection pipe 10 is arranged at the top end of the biomass gasifier 1. A collection baffle is arranged in the biomass gasifier 1 beside the tar primary collection pipe 10. The tar primary collection pipe 10 is connected to the tar recovery injection pipe 13 on the biomass gasifier 1 through the tar circulation pipe 11. A heating layer is arranged outside the tar circulation pipe 11 to prevent tar from sticking and solidifying. A tar delivery pump 12 is arranged on the tar circulation pipe 11.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] As Figures 1 to 5 shown in the figure, a tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier includes: a biomass gasifier 1, a tar condensation recovery tank 6 is installed on the gas outlet 3 at the upper end of the biomass gasifier 1. The biomass gasifier 1 and the tar condensation recovery tank 6 are installed on an equipment support platform. The biomass gasifier 1 is inclined. One side of the biomass gasifier 1 is provided with a feed inlet 2, the lower end of the biomass gasifier 1 is provided with a slag discharge port 4, a grate 5 is arranged in the biomass gasifier 1 below the feed inlet 2, and a tar catalytic cracking plate is arranged in the biomass gasifier 1 above the feed inlet 2. The tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined in the biomass gasifier 1. A temperature control liquid circulation pipe is arranged outside the biomass gasifier 1. One end of the temperature control liquid circulation pipe is connected to a circulation input pipe 15, and the other end is connected to a circulation output pipe 14. Circulation control valves 16 are arranged on the circulation input pipe 15 and the circulation output pipe 14. The circulation control valve 16 includes a control valve body 161. Connection flanges 164 are arranged at both ends of the control valve body 161. A valve body seal cover 162 is arranged at the upper end of the control valve body 161. A valve body control wheel 163 is arranged on the control valve body 161.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] As Figures 1 to 5As shown in the figure, a tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier includes: a biomass gasifier 1. A tar condensation recovery tank 6 is installed on the gas outlet 3 at the upper end of the biomass gasifier 1. The biomass gasifier 1 and the tar condensation recovery tank 6 are installed on an equipment support platform. The biomass gasifier 1 is inclined. There is a feed inlet 2 on one side of the biomass gasifier 1. There is a slag discharge port 4 at the lower end of the biomass gasifier 1. A grate 5 is provided in the biomass gasifier 1 below the feed inlet 2. A tar catalytic cracking plate is provided in the biomass gasifier 1 above the feed inlet 2. The tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined and arranged in the biomass gasifier 1. The equipment support platform includes an upper support platform 18 and a lower support platform 17. The upper support platform 18 is installed on the lower support platform 17 through a number of support columns 19. The lower support platform 17 is fixedly installed on an equipment support seat 20. The tar condensation recovery tank 6 is installed on the upper support platform 18. The biomass gasifier 1 is installed on the lower support platform 17.

[0034] A method for tar cracking in a biomass gasifier includes the following steps:

[0035] Step (1). Put the biomass raw material into the biomass gasifier 1 through the feed inlet 2 and start the biomass gasifier 1.

[0036] Step (2). The preliminary tar produced by the biomass gasifier 1 is catalytically cracked on the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier 1.

[0037] Step (3). With the temperature change at the top of the biomass gasifier 1, the tar produced by the biomass gasifier 1 will gradually liquefy, and then be injected onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier 1 through the tar primary collection pipe 10, tar circulation pipe 11, and tar recovery injection pipe 13 at the top for catalytic cracking.

[0038] Step (4). Further control the separation of tar in the gas through the temperature control layer outside the tar condensation recovery tank 6, and then inject it onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier 1 through the tar collection pipe 9, tar circulation pipe 11, and tar recovery injection pipe 13 on the tar condensation recovery tank 6 for catalytic cracking; it can ensure the full treatment of tar and prevent pipeline blockage.

[0039] The temperature of the biomass gasifier 1 outside the tar catalytic cracking plate is 800 - 1000 °C, and the temperature inside the tar condensation recovery tank 6 is 80 - 280 °C.

[0040] The catalyst on the tar catalytic cracking plate is one or a mixture of dolomite, olivine, clay ore, charcoal, alkali metal compounds, and nickel-based catalysts.

[0041] Inside the biomass gasifier 1 above the feed inlet 2 of the present invention, there is a tar catalytic cracking plate. The tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined and arranged inside the biomass gasifier 1. A temperature control layer is provided outside the tar condensation recovery tank 6. A secondary gas output pipe 8 is provided on the tar condensation recovery tank 6. One end of the tar condensation recovery tank 6 is provided with a gas input pipe 7. The lower end of the tar condensation recovery tank 6 is provided with a tar collection pipe 9. The tar collection pipe 9 is connected to the tar recovery injection pipe 13 on the biomass gasifier 1 through a tar circulation pipe 11. A primary tar collection pipe 10 is provided at the top of the biomass gasifier 1. A collection baffle is provided inside the biomass gasifier 1 beside the primary tar collection pipe 10. The primary tar collection pipe 10 is connected to the tar recovery injection pipe 13 on the biomass gasifier 1 through a tar circulation pipe 11. A heating layer is provided outside the tar circulation pipe 11 to prevent tar from sticking and solidifying. A tar transfer pump 12 is provided on the tar circulation pipe 11, which can achieve multiple tar recovery and cracking of the gas generated by biomass gasification, not only improving the tar recovery efficiency, but also preventing tar from blocking the pipeline and ensuring the service life of the overall equipment.

[0042] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier, comprising: Biomass gasifier (1), characterized in that: a tar condensation recovery tank (6) is installed on the gas outlet (3) at the upper end of the biomass gasifier (1), the biomass gasifier (1) and the tar condensation recovery tank (6) are installed on an equipment support platform, the biomass gasifier (1) is inclined, a feed inlet (2) is provided on one side of the biomass gasifier (1), a slag discharge port (4) is provided at the lower end of the biomass gasifier (1), a grate (5) is provided in the biomass gasifier (1) below the feed inlet (2), a tar catalytic cracking plate is provided in the biomass gasifier (1) above the feed inlet (2), the tar catalytic cracking plate is inclined and arranged in the biomass gasifier (1), the tar catalytic cracking plate includes a cracking support plate (51), a number of catalytic converter mounting holes (53) are provided on the cracking support plate (51), the catalytic converter mounting holes (53) are evenly distributed on the cracking support plate (51), a cracking catalytic converter (52) is provided in the catalytic converter mounting holes (53), the cracking catalytic converter (52) includes a hollowed-out cap body (521) and a hollow fixed sleeve (522), a number of through grooves (523) are provided on the hollowed-out cap body (521), the through grooves (523) communicate with the inside of the hollow fixed sleeve (522), the hollow fixed sleeve (522) communicates with the inside of the biomass gasifier (1), catalyst embedding grooves are provided on the hollowed-out cap body (521) on both sides of the through grooves (523), tar cracking catalysts are provided in the catalyst embedding grooves, and the outer side of the hollow fixed sleeve (522) is installed on the catalytic converter mounting holes (53) by threads.

2. The tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature control layer is provided on the outer side of the tar condensation recovery tank (6), a gas secondary output pipe (8) is provided on the tar condensation recovery tank (6), a gas input pipe (7) is provided at one end of the tar condensation recovery tank (6), a tar collection pipe (9) is provided at the lower end of the tar condensation recovery tank (6), and the tar collection pipe (9) is connected to a tar recovery injection pipe (13) on the biomass gasifier (1) through a tar circulation pipe (11).

3. The tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: A tar primary collection pipe (10) is provided at the top end of the biomass gasifier (1), a collection baffle is provided in the biomass gasifier (1) beside the tar primary collection pipe (10), and the tar primary collection pipe (10) is connected to a tar recovery injection pipe (13) on the biomass gasifier (1) through a tar circulation pipe (11).

4. A tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: A heating layer is provided on the outer side of the tar circulation pipe (11) to prevent tar from sticking and solidifying, and a tar delivery pump (12) is provided on the tar circulation pipe (11).

5. A tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature control liquid circulation pipe is provided on the outer side of the biomass gasifier (1), one end of the temperature control liquid circulation pipe is connected to a circulation input pipe (15), the other end is connected to a circulation output pipe (14), and circulation control valves (16) are provided on the circulation input pipe (15) and the circulation output pipe (14).

6. The tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circulating control valve (16) includes a control valve body (161), connection flanges (164) are provided at both ends of the control valve body (161), a valve body sealing cover (162) is provided at the upper end of the control valve body (161), and a valve body control wheel (163) is provided on the control valve body (161).

7. A tar cracking device in a biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standby support platform includes an upper support platform (18) and a lower support platform (17). The upper support platform (18) is installed on the lower support platform (17) through a plurality of support columns (19). The lower support platform (17) is fixedly installed on an equipment support base (20). The tar condensation recovery tank (6) is installed on the upper support platform (18), and the biomass gasifier (1) is installed on the lower support platform (17).

8. A method for tar cracking using the device according to claim 4, comprising the following steps: Step (1), feeding biomass raw materials into the biomass gasifier (1) through the feed port (2), and starting the biomass gasifier (1); Step (2), the preliminary tar produced by the biomass gasifier (1) is catalytically cracked on the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier (1); Step (3), as the temperature at the top of the biomass gasifier (1) changes, the tar produced by the biomass gasifier (1) will gradually liquefy, and then be injected onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier (1) through the top tar primary collection pipe (10), tar circulation pipe (11), and tar recovery injection pipe (13) for catalytic cracking; Step (4), further controlling the separation of tar in the gas by the temperature control layer outside the tar condensation recovery tank (6), and then injecting it onto the tar catalytic cracking plate in the biomass gasifier (1) through the tar collection pipe (9), tar circulation pipe (11), and tar recovery injection pipe (13) on the tar condensation recovery tank (6) for catalytic cracking; it can ensure the full treatment of tar and prevent pipeline blockage.

9. The tar cracking method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of the biomass gasifier outside the tar catalytic cracking plate is 800 - 1000 °C, and the temperature inside the tar condensation recovery tank is 80 - 280 °C.

10. The tar cracking method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The catalyst on the tar catalytic cracking plate is one or a mixture of several of dolomite, olivine, clay ore, charcoal, alkali metal compounds, and nickel-based catalysts.

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