A blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring, comprising a plurality of groups of acceleration sensors, a signal acquisition base station, a communication base station, a GPS timing and a data processing server, wherein the plurality of groups of acceleration sensors respectively form a plurality of acquisition channels with the signal acquisition base station, the communication base station, the GPS timing and the data processing server, calculate and process the vibration signal collected by each acquisition channel, perform characterization processing and energy calculation using a characteristic function, obtain blasthole information and charge quantity information calculated using the collected vibration signal, thereby comparing the information with an actual blasthole arrangement plan, determining whether all blastholes are blasted, and avoiding entering a blasting area to cause explosion damage without knowing about a dud after the blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microseismic monitoring, and more particularly to a blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring. Background Art

[0002] At present, rock drilling and blasting is the main operation method used in shaft tunneling, chamber excavation and stope recovery in metal mines. However, due to its huge destructiveness and uncertainty, blasting operations can easily lead to safety accidents and casualties. During mining or excavation operations in mines, a large number of blastholes need to be deployed on the working surface and loaded with explosives for micro-difference blasting. In this process, if there is interference or the detonation time between blastholes is not handled properly, some of the explosives in the blastholes will not be triggered to explode within the scheduled time, which will become duds. Duds may still explode for a period of time after blasting, and the existence of duds brings great uncertainty to production safety.

[0003] However, the existing blasting management technology and blasting operation environment make it difficult for operators to know whether there are duds, and they cannot know the effectiveness of the blasting operation. Due to the particularity of the mining environment, personnel cannot conduct intuitive observations, and there is no better way or equipment to enter the blasting area for inspection. They can only rely on experience or take risks to enter the blasting area for inspection. However, most of the accidents related to explosives in mines are caused in this way.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the safety of blasting operation management is an urgent problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring, which can obtain the efficiency information of blasting operation without exposing the operators to safety risks, eliminate the risk of duds, and effectively know the effect of blasting operation without the need for personnel or equipment to enter the blasting area. The application of the present invention can greatly ensure the safety of blasting operation during rock engineering construction and ensure the personal safety of operators.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Use several groups of acceleration sensors to collect vibration signals during blasting operations in the blasting operation area and form a vibration signal stream; each group of acceleration sensors forms a group of channels, and the sensor position of each group of channel acceleration sensors is obtained; the sensor position is the coordinate of the installation position of the acceleration sensor;

[0009] Step 2: The vibration signal stream of each group of channels is characterized by using a characteristic function to obtain a signal stream characteristic value, and the first arrival is obtained according to the signal stream characteristic value; the number of blasting holes is obtained according to the first arrival; each acceleration sensor can collect the vibration signal stream generated when all blasting holes are blasted, and each vibration signal stream is calculated to obtain a number of first arrivals, each first arrival corresponds to the time of a collected blasting hole vibration, so the number of blasting holes can be determined according to the number of first arrivals calculated according to a single vibration signal stream;

[0010] Step 3: positioning each blast hole according to the first arrival and sensor position of all channels, obtaining the blast hole position and the detonation time during the blasting operation;

[0011] Step 4: According to the vibration signal stream of each channel, the vibration energy generated by all blasting holes from the first arrival of detonation to the end of blasting is calculated using the characteristic function; the first arrival of detonation is the earliest first arrival in the characteristic value of the signal stream, that is, the moment when the collected detonating cord ignites the explosive earliest to generate the initial vibration;

[0012] Step 5: The average value of the vibration energy of all channels is taken as the total detonation release energy, and the charge amount of all blasting holes is obtained from the total detonation release energy; charge amount = total detonation release energy / unit release energy of explosives;

[0013] Step 6: Compare the number of blasting holes, blasting hole positions, and charge with the actual number of holes, actual hole positions, and actual charge. If they are consistent, the blasting is safe. If they are inconsistent, determine the dud position based on the comparison result using the actual hole position that does not correspond to the blasting hole position, and perform targeted bomb disposal.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2, STA / LTA is used as a characteristic function for characterization processing, and the formula is:

[0015]

[0016] Where CF(i) is the eigenvalue corresponding to the i-th sampling point in the vibration signal stream; A is the amplitude of the vibration signal stream; N sta is the number of sampling points in the short-time window; N lta is the number of sampling points in the long time window. When the sampling rate is 10kHz and the short time window length is N sta =100, long time window length N lta =2000 hours; the first arrival is the time when the vibration signal generated by the actual blasting hole in the blasting operation reaches the acceleration sensor.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3, the sensor position is P n (X n ,Y n ,Zn ), m acceleration sensors are arranged, n = 1, 2, ..., m, and the formula for locating each blasting hole is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] S hn is the distance between the hth blasting hole and the current nth acceleration sensor; t h0 is the detonation time of the hth blasthole; t hn is the first arrival of the vibration signal caused by the detonation of the hth blast hole at the nth acceleration sensor; V is the transmission speed of the signal in the mine rock mass; (X h0 , Y h0 , Z h0 ) is the position of the hth blast hole. The first arrivals corresponding to the same blast hole generated by each group of channel acquisition signals are used to perform column calculation to obtain the position and detonation time of each blast hole.

[0020] Preferably, the formula for calculating the vibration energy according to the vibration signal flow of each channel in step 4 is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where E is the vibration energy; p_start is the sampling point position at the beginning of the blast; p_end is the sampling point position at the end of the blast; A n (i) The amplitude of the vibration signal stream at the i-th sampling point; m is the number of acceleration sensors.

[0023] A blasting management system based on microseismic monitoring includes a plurality of acceleration sensors, a signal acquisition base station, a communication base station, a GPS timing and data processing server; the acceleration sensors are distributed in the blasting operation area, collect vibration signals and transmit them to the signal acquisition base station; the signal acquisition base station transmits the vibration signals to the GPS timing and data processing server through the communication base station; the GPS timing and data processing server is timed by the GPS timing and data processing server through the communication base station, and the GPS timing and data processing server performs safety management according to the vibration signals.

[0024] It can be known from the above technical scheme that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring, including several acceleration sensors, signal acquisition base stations, communication base stations, GPS timing and data processing servers, forming several acquisition channels, calculating and processing the vibration signals collected by each acquisition channel, using characteristic functions for characterization processing and energy calculation, obtaining the blasthole information and charge information calculated using the collected vibration signals, thereby comparing with the actual blasthole arrangement plan to determine whether all blastholes have been blasted, and avoiding entering the blasting area without knowing about the duds after the blasting to cause explosion damage. The present invention is suitable for the safety management of blasting operations in rock engineering, such as tunneling, tunnel excavation, stope recovery, open-pit blasting recovery, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a mine blasting operation safety management system based on microseismic monitoring provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of a vibration signal flow collected during a blasting operation provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the vibration signal flow after characterization provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of calculating the actual number of detonation holes and the first arrival provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a blasting management system and method based on microseismic monitoring, which monitors blasting vibration, calculates blasting borehole information according to vibration signals, and uses the calculation results to infer whether the blasting is completely completed and whether there are duds, so as to provide guidance for subsequent construction processing.

[0032] Example

[0033] A microseismic monitoring system with high-sensitivity acceleration sensors is deployed near the mine or blasting operation area to collect vibration signals in the rock mass. Figure 1 As shown, it includes more than four acceleration sensors, a signal acquisition base station, a communication base station, a GPS timing and data processing server.

[0034] S1: During the blasting operation, the microseismic monitoring system is continuously operated to continuously collect signals from the rock mass. According to the blasting design plan, the vibration signal stream collected from the start to the end of the blasting operation is intercepted and retained in the microseismic monitoring system, such as Figure 2 As shown;

[0035] S2: The vibration signal flow during the blasting operation is characterized using the characteristic function CF, and STA / LTA is used as the characteristic function calculation algorithm, namely:

[0036]

[0037] Where CF(i) is the eigenvalue corresponding to the i-th sampling point in the vibration signal stream, A is the amplitude of the vibration signal stream, N sta is the number of sampling points in the short time window, N lta is the number of sampling points in the long time window. When the sampling rate is 10kHz and the short time window length is N sta =100, long time window length N lta =2000, if Figure 2 The signal flow shown is characterized as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents amplitude. Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents CF value; Figure 4 As shown in the figure, through the characteristic function, the number of blasting holes actually detonated during the blasting operation and the time when the vibration signal reaches the acceleration sensor (i.e., the first arrival) can be obtained. The horizontal axis in the figure represents time, and the vertical axis represents the CF value. In the fluctuation curve in the figure, each rising edge indicates that a blasting hole is detected to be detonated;

[0038] S3: After the above processing is performed on the data channel collected by each acceleration sensor, the number of blasting holes actually detonated during the blasting operation and the first arrival of the vibration signal to the acceleration sensor monitored by all acceleration sensors are obtained, and then the blasting holes are located according to the first arrival of each channel and the position of the acceleration sensor; there are m sensors, and the coordinates of a single sensor are P n (X n , Y n , Z n), n = 1, 2, ..., m, then the position of the blasthole can be solved by the following set of equations:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, S hn is the distance between the hth blasting hole and the current nth acceleration sensor; t h0 is the detonation time of the hth blasthole, t hn is the first arrival of the vibration signal caused by the detonation of the hth blasthole obtained by the nth sensor; V is the transmission speed of the signal in the mine rock mass; (X h0 , Y h0 , Z h0 ) is the position of the hth blast hole; by solving the equations, the detonation time t of the blast hole can be obtained h0 and location;

[0041] S4: According to the vibration signal stream of each channel, the vibration energy E generated by each blasting hole from the beginning of blasting to the end of blasting is obtained by using the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] p_start is the sampling point position at the beginning of blasting; p_end is the sampling point position at the end of blasting; A n (i) is the amplitude of the vibration signal stream at the i-th sampling point of the n-th channel; m is the number of acceleration sensors;

[0044] S5: The average value of the vibration energy of all channels is taken as the total detonation release energy, and the charge amount of all blasting holes is obtained from the total detonation release energy; through the above processing, using the microseismic monitoring system, we obtain the number of blasting holes actually detonated in this blasting operation, the location of the detonated blasting holes, the total detonation release energy, etc.;

[0045] S6: By comparing these actual parameters with the blasting design plan and the actual blasting layout of the blasting holes and the amount of explosives, it is possible to effectively determine whether each blasting hole has been detonated and whether the explosives have been fully exploded; if there are duds, the location of the duds can be eliminated through the location of the detonated blast holes, and a fixed-point bomb disposal plan can be implemented.

[0046] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: using a plurality of groups of acceleration sensors to collect vibration signals during blasting operations in the blasting operation area and form a vibration signal stream; each group of acceleration sensors forms a group of channels, and the sensor position of each group of acceleration sensors is obtained; Step 2: using a characteristic function to characterize the vibration signal stream of each group of channels, obtaining a signal stream characteristic value, obtaining a first arrival according to the signal stream characteristic value; and obtaining the number of blasting holes according to the first arrival; Step 3: positioning each blast hole according to the first arrival and sensor position of all channels, obtaining the blast hole position and the detonation time during the blasting operation; Step 4: According to the vibration signal flow of each channel, the vibration energy generated by all blasting holes from the beginning of blasting to the end of blasting is calculated using the characteristic function; Step 5: The average value of the vibration energy of all channels is taken as the total detonation release energy, and the charge amount of all blasting holes is obtained from the total detonation release energy; Step 6: Compare the number of blasting holes, the position of blasting holes, and the charge with the actual number of blasting holes, the actual position of blasting holes, and the actual charge. If they are consistent, the blasting is safe. If there is any inconsistency, the location of the dud is determined based on the comparison results, and targeted bomb disposal is performed; In step 2, STA / LTA is used as the characteristic function for characterization processing, and the formula is: Where CF(i) is the eigenvalue corresponding to the i-th sampling point in the vibration signal stream; A is the amplitude of the vibration signal stream; N sta is the number of sampling points in the short-time window; N lta is the number of sampling points in the long time window.

2. The blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 3, the sensor position is P n (X n , Y n , Z n ), m acceleration sensors are arranged, n = 1, 2, ..., m, and the formula for locating each blasting hole is as follows: Among them, S hn is the distance between the hth blasting hole and the current nth acceleration sensor; t h0 is the detonation time of the hth blasthole; t hn is the first arrival of the vibration signal caused by the detonation of the hth blasthole obtained by the nth acceleration sensor; V is the transmission speed of the signal in the mine rock mass; (X h0 , Y h0 , Z h0 ) is the hth blasting hole position.

3. The blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The formula for calculating the vibration energy according to the vibration signal flow of each channel in step 4 is as follows: Where E is the vibration energy; p_start is the sampling point position at the beginning of the blast; p_end is the sampling point position at the end of the blast; A n (i) is the amplitude of the vibration signal stream at the i-th sampling point of the n-th channel; m is the number of acceleration sensors.

4. The blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 6, after comparison, the actual blast hole position that does not correspond to the blast hole position is determined as a dud position, and the dud is subjected to targeted bomb disposal.

5. A system for blasting management method based on microseismic monitoring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It includes several acceleration sensors, a signal acquisition base station, a communication base station, a GPS timing and data processing server; the acceleration sensors are distributed in the blasting operation area, collect vibration signals and transmit them to the signal acquisition base station; the signal acquisition base station transmits the vibration signals to the GPS timing and data processing server through the communication base station; GPS provides timing for the GPS timing and data processing server through the communication base station, and the GPS timing and data processing server performs safety management according to the vibration signals.

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