Lead bismuth penetration and solidification behavior research experimental system and method

Abstract

The application provides a lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment system and method, the system comprises a melting tank, a constant temperature bath and an inlet pipeline, a penetration pipe is horizontally arranged in the constant temperature bath, the lower end of the melting tank is communicated with one end of the inlet pipeline, the other end of the inlet pipeline is communicated with one end of the penetration pipe, the other end of the penetration pipe is communicated with an outlet section, and one end of the inlet pipeline is higher than the other end; a first heating device is arranged on the outside of the melting tank, and a second heating device is arranged on the outside of the inlet pipeline; after the lead-bismuth alloy is melted into a liquid phase in the melting tank, the liquid phase is injected into the penetration pipe by gravity, and the liquid phase lead-bismuth is solidified under the cooling of the constant temperature bath, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid are obtained. The application has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, and the liquid phase lead-bismuth is located in the horizontal penetration pipe and solidified under the cooling of the constant temperature bath, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid are obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of experimental devices, in particular to a lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lead-bismuth coolant solidification and melting is an important scientific problem for the safe operation of lead-based fast reactors. The high-boiling liquid lead-bismuth alloy is used as a coolant in the primary circuit of a typical lead-bismuth fast reactor. Due to the high melting point of lead-bismuth alloy of 125℃, which is much higher than room temperature, there is a risk of solidification during the operation of the lead-bismuth fast reactor. Through excessive cooling of the primary heat exchanger or the wall of the pressure vessel and during shutdown, maintenance, refueling and emergency cooling system startup, the coolant is prone to solidification. On the one hand, the solidification and melting of the liquid lead-bismuth coolant forms additional stress on the reactor system pipeline, which is prone to pipeline damage and coolant leakage. On the other hand, the natural circulation of the lead-bismuth fast reactor is sensitive to changes in flow resistance, and the increase in resistance or even blockage caused by the solidification of the liquid lead-bismuth will significantly reduce the system's natural circulation capacity, which may lead to a decrease in the natural circulation capacity of the lead-based fast reactor and the nuclear heat transfer capacity of the reactor system, which will have a very adverse effect on the safe operation of the lead-based fast reactor. The K-45 alpha-class nuclear submarine was retired due to a solidification accident in the lead-based reactor system. Therefore, the damage to equipment and the failure of the cooling system caused by the solidification of the coolant under steady-state operation and accidents of the lead-based fast reactor is one of the reference accidents, and is a key problem that must be solved in the design, construction and operation of the lead-based fast reactor.

[0003] At present, there is almost no experimental research on the solidification phenomenon of lead-bismuth metal, and no experimental research reports in this field have been found by domestic researchers. At present, the understanding of the influence mechanism, heat and mass transfer mechanism of lead-bismuth metal solidification behavior is insufficient, and there is a lack of special solidification behavior prediction model and analysis tool, which to some extent restricts the design and development of China's independent lead-based reactor and the improvement of safety level. The lack of experimental phenomena and data restricts the understanding of the solidification mechanism in the lead-bismuth metal solidification process, resulting in a lack of sufficient data support for the establishment and evaluation of the solidification model and analysis method, and further mechanism-based experimental research is urgently needed to solve this problem. Therefore, in view of the above shortcomings, it is necessary to carry out lead-bismuth horizontal tube penetration solidification mechanism experiment.

[0004] The patent document with the publication number CN201464394U discloses a simple experimental device for studying alloy rapid solidification, which comprises an experimental platform, a vacuum pump, an argon bottle, a gas control device and an induction melting device; the gas control device and the induction melting device are arranged on the experimental platform; the vacuum pump and the argon bottle are connected with the third air pipe through the respective air pipes and the gas control device; the third air pipe is connected with a melting joint arranged in the induction melting device; and the melting joint is movably and sealingly connected with the upper end of the melting pipe of the melting and cooling device. The high-frequency induction heating device is used to melt the experimental alloy; finally, the pressure is applied by controlling the air valve, and the rapid solidification experiment with different cooling speeds is realized by using the differential pressure forming mode and combining different cooling devices. The device has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, convenience for popularization, realization of different cooling speeds by connecting different cooling devices, and meeting the preparation requirements of different amorphous alloys and amorphous composite materials. The device is especially suitable for the rapid solidification research of alloys in the laboratory. However, the device cannot adjust the inlet speed and is not suitable for the experiment of the solidification characteristics of lead-bismuth alloy fluid. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system and method.

[0006] The lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system provided by the present application comprises a melting tank, a constant temperature bath and an inlet pipe, the melting tank is used for melting lead-bismuth alloy, and the constant temperature bath is used for cooling the liquid phase lead-bismuth alloy.

[0007] A penetration pipe is horizontally arranged in the constant temperature bath, one end of the inlet pipe is connected with the lower end of the melting tank, the other end of the inlet pipe is connected with one end of the penetration pipe, the other end of the penetration pipe is connected with an outlet section, one end of the inlet pipe is higher than the other end, and the height difference between the two ends of the inlet pipe is adjustable.

[0008] A first heating device is arranged on the outside of the melting tank, and a second heating device is arranged on the outside of the inlet pipe. After the lead-bismuth alloy is melted into a liquid phase in the melting tank, the liquid phase lead-bismuth is injected into the penetration pipe by gravity, and the liquid phase lead-bismuth is solidified under the cooling of the constant temperature bath, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid are obtained.

[0009] Preferably, the first heating device comprises a melting tank heating belt and a first power adjusting device, and the melting tank heating belt is spirally and uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the melting tank.

[0010] The melting tank heating belt is connected with the first power adjusting device.

[0011] Preferably, the second heating device comprises a pipeline heating belt and a second power adjusting device, and the pipeline heating belt is spirally and uniformly arranged on the outside of the inlet pipe.

[0012] The pipeline heating belt is connected with a second power adjusting device.

[0013] Preferably, the inlet pipeline comprises an inlet U-shaped pipe section and an inlet horizontal pipe section.

[0014] The inlet U-shaped pipe section comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is communicated with the lower end of the melting tank, and the second end is communicated with one end of the inlet horizontal pipe section, and the other end of the inlet horizontal pipe section is communicated with the penetration pipe, the first end of the inlet U-shaped pipe section is higher than the second end, and the height difference between the first end and the second end can be adjusted.

[0015] Preferably, an argon gas cylinder is further included, the argon gas cylinder is communicated with the upper end of the melting tank, and a check valve is arranged between the argon gas cylinder and the melting tank.

[0016] The argon gas cylinder is used for continuously injecting argon gas during the melting of the lead-bismuth alloy and the experiment, so as to prevent oxygen from entering the melting tank to oxidize the lead-bismuth alloy.

[0017] Preferably, a sealing plug is arranged at the lower end inside the melting tank, and a push-pull rod is arranged on the sealing plug.

[0018] One end of the push-pull rod is connected with the sealing plug, and the other end of the push-pull rod extends upwards to the outside of the melting tank, so as to facilitate the external control of the sealing of the melting tank.

[0019] Preferably, a temperature regulator is arranged inside the constant-temperature bath.

[0020] Preferably, a thermocouple is arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, the bottom of the inlet U-shaped pipe section, the inside of the inlet horizontal pipe section, and the inside of the penetration pipe.

[0021] Two separate thermocouples are arranged at the two ends of the inside of the inlet horizontal pipe section.

[0022] According to the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment method provided by the application, the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment system is adopted, and the following steps are included:

[0023] Step 1: open the check valve between the argon gas cylinder and the melting tank, make the high-pressure argon gas enter the inlet pipeline and the penetration pipe, and flush for 5 minutes, after the air in the inlet pipeline and the penetration pipe is completely exhausted, seal the melting tank through the sealing plug;

[0024] Step 2: put the solid-phase lead-bismuth alloy into the upper end of the melting tank, and discharge the air in the melting tank through the high-pressure argon gas, after the air is sufficiently exhausted, seal the upper end of the melting tank, and continuously introduce the argon gas to isolate the oxygen from entering the melting tank;

[0025] Step 3: open the melting tank heating belt and the pipeline heating belt, adjust the power of the melting tank heating belt through the first power adjusting device, so that the solid lead-bismuth alloy melts, after the lead-bismuth alloy completely melts and reaches the first preset temperature, adjust the power of the melting tank heating belt, so that the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid is constant and h is kept, and the heating rate of the melting tank heating belt is <2℃ / min;

[0026] Step 4: adjust the power of the pipeline heating belt through the second power adjusting device, so that the wall temperature of the inlet pipeline reaches the second preset temperature and is kept for 1h, and the heating rate of the pipeline heating belt is <2℃ / min;

[0027] Step 5: adjust the power of the temperature regulator in the constant-temperature bath, so that the water temperature in the constant-temperature bath reaches the third preset temperature and is kept for 1h, and the heating rate of the temperature regulator is <2℃ / min;

[0028] Step 6: when the temperature in the whole lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system is stable, record all the thermocouple temperatures through the data acquisition system, open the sealing plug, and inject the lead-bismuth alloy fluid;

[0029] Step 7: when the temperature in the whole lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system decreases to room temperature, cut the penetration pipe, take a solidification photo of the lead-bismuth alloy, measure the penetration distance of the lead-bismuth alloy and record.

[0030] Preferably, the second preset temperature is higher than the solidification point temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The present application has the simple structure and convenient operation, adopts the technical means that the liquid-phase lead-bismuth is located in the horizontal penetration pipe and solidifies under the cooling of the constant-temperature bath, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid are obtained

[0033] 2. The present application adopts the technical means that the temperatures of the melting tank heating belt, the pipeline heating belt and the constant-temperature bath are variable, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid under different initial temperatures and cooling temperatures can be researched.

[0034] 3. The present application adopts the technical means that the height difference between the first end and the second end of the inlet U-shaped pipe section can be adjusted, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid under different inlet speeds can be researched. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent through reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the melting tank and the sealing plug in the present application.

[0038] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the melting tank and the sealing plug in the present application.

[0039] Melting tank 1 Constant temperature bath 7

[0040] Melting tank heating band 2 Penetrating tube 8

[0041] Sealing plug 3 Temperature regulator 9

[0042] Pipe heating band 4 Outlet section 10

[0043] Inlet U-shaped tube section 5 Argon cylinder 11

[0044] Inlet horizontal tube section 6 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present application will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of changes and improvements can be made. These are within the scope of the present application.

[0046] The present application discloses a lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system and method, which has simple structure, convenient operation, can obtain the solidification characteristics of lead-bismuth alloy fluid, and reveals the lead-bismuth solidification mechanism under different inlet velocities, initial temperatures and wall surface cooling temperatures. Figure 1 As shown in the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system.

[0047] According to the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system provided by the present application, the melting tank 1 is used for melting lead-bismuth alloy, and the constant temperature bath 7 is used for cooling liquid phase lead-bismuth alloy; the constant temperature bath 7 is internally provided with a penetrating tube 8, one end of the melting tank 1 is communicated with one end of the inlet pipe, the other end of the inlet pipe is communicated with one end of the penetrating tube 8, the other end of the penetrating tube 8 is communicated with the outlet section 10, one end of the inlet pipe is higher than the other end, and the height difference between the two ends of the inlet pipe is adjustable.

[0048] The inlet pipeline comprises an inlet U-shaped pipe section 5 and an inlet horizontal pipe section 6; the inlet U-shaped pipe section 5 comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is communicated with the lower end of the melting tank 1, and the second end is communicated with one end of the inlet horizontal pipe section 6, and the other end of the inlet horizontal pipe section 6 is communicated with the penetrating pipe 8; the first end of the inlet U-shaped pipe section 5 is higher than the second end, and the height difference between the first end and the second end can be adjusted. The inlet U-shaped pipe section 5 functions to buffer the speed of the lead-bismuth fluid, and can effectively control the height difference between the initial lead-bismuth fluid level and the horizontal pipe; and the inlet horizontal pipe section 6 functions to provide a constant wall cooling temperature for lead-bismuth solidification.

[0049] The outer side of the melting tank 1 is provided with a first heating device, and the outer side of the inlet pipeline is provided with a second heating device; after the lead-bismuth alloy is melted into a liquid phase in the melting tank 1, the lead-bismuth alloy is injected into the penetrating pipe 8 by gravity, and the liquid phase lead-bismuth is solidified under the cooling of the constant temperature bath 7, so that the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid are obtained. The system can study the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid under different initial temperatures, inlet speeds (controlled by the initial height difference between the lead-bismuth alloy and the horizontal penetrating pipe 8) and cooling temperatures. Preferably, the constant temperature water tank 7 is internally provided with a pressure gauge.

[0050] The first heating device comprises a melting tank heating belt 2 and a first power adjusting device, and the melting tank heating belt 2 is uniformly arranged in a spiral shape on the outer wall of the melting tank 1; and the melting tank heating belt 2 is connected with the first power adjusting device. The second heating device comprises a pipeline heating belt 4 and a second power adjusting device, and the pipeline heating belt 4 is uniformly arranged in a spiral shape on the outer side of the inlet pipeline; and the pipeline heating belt 4 is connected with the second power adjusting device. The constant temperature bath 7 is internally provided with a temperature regulator 9.

[0051] The system further comprises an argon gas cylinder 11, the argon gas cylinder 11 is communicated with the upper end of the melting tank 1, and a check valve is arranged between the argon gas cylinder 11 and the melting tank 1; the argon gas cylinder 11 is used for continuously injecting argon gas during the melting of the lead-bismuth alloy and the test process, so as to prevent oxygen from entering the melting tank 1 to oxidize the lead-bismuth alloy. Preferably, a pressure reducing valve is further arranged between the argon gas cylinder 11 and the melting tank 1.

[0052] A sealing plug 3 is arranged at the lower end in the melting tank 1, and a push-pull rod is arranged on the sealing plug 3; one end of the push-pull rod is connected with the sealing plug 3, and the other end of the push-pull rod extends upward until the outside of the melting tank 1, so as to facilitate the external control of the sealing of the melting tank 1. Preferably, the sealing plug 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant materials such as stainless steel.

[0053] The bottom of the melting tank 1, the bottom of the inlet U-shaped pipe section 5, the inside of the inlet horizontal pipe section 6 and the inside of the penetration pipe 8 are provided with thermocouples; the two ends of the inside of the inlet horizontal pipe section 6 are provided with separate thermocouples. The thermocouples inside the pipe are used to monitor the flow of lead bismuth during the experiment, and the thermocouples arranged on the pipe wall are used to monitor the temperature of the pipe wall, so that the temperature of the pipe wall is higher than the solidification point of lead bismuth before the experiment starts, so as to prevent the lead bismuth fluid from solidifying in the inlet section.

[0054] The separate thermocouples arranged at the two ends of the inlet horizontal pipe section 6 are not only used to monitor the inlet temperature of the lead bismuth fluid, but also used to measure the inlet speed of the lead bismuth fluid. The measurement method of the inlet speed is the distance between the thermocouples divided by the response time difference of the thermocouples. The final penetration distance of the lead bismuth alloy is measured by cutting the horizontal penetration pipe 8 after the experiment is completed and the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy is reduced to room temperature, finding the solidification front and measuring the penetration distance.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The embodiment discloses a lead bismuth horizontal pipe penetration test device, which comprises a melting tank 1, a melting tank heating belt 2, a metal sealing plug 3, a lead bismuth pipe heating belt 4, an inlet U-shaped pipe section 5, an inlet horizontal pipe section 6, a constant temperature bath 7, a horizontally arranged penetration pipe 8, a temperature regulator 9 for adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature bath 7, an outlet section 10, an argon bottle 11, and the like. The melting tank 1 is a cylindrical tank with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm, and a push-pull type quick clamp is connected above the tank, which is used as a push-pull rod and cooperates with the metal sealing plug 3 to seal the molten lead bismuth fluid. The melting tank 1 is connected with the argon bottle 11 above, which is used to continuously inject protective gas argon during the melting of the lead bismuth alloy and the experiment, so as to prevent oxygen from entering the melting tank to oxidize the lead bismuth alloy.

[0057] The inlet U-shaped pipe section 5 is used to buffer the speed of the lead bismuth fluid, and can effectively control the height difference between the initial lead bismuth fluid liquid surface and the penetration pipe 8. The horizontal penetration pipe 8 is composed of a 200 mm development section and a 2000 mm solidification section, which is directly connected with the constant temperature bath 7 through welding, and the pipe wall thickness is 2 mm. The constant temperature bath 7 is a hollow cylindrical barrel with a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 2000 mm, which is used to provide a constant wall cooling temperature for the solidification of the lead bismuth;

[0058] The heating belt outside the melting tank 1 is a 316 stainless steel metal heating belt, which has the advantages of fast heating, good heat conduction and insulation, high temperature resistance and the like, the rated power of the metal heating belt used in the research is 1000W / m. The heating belt outside the inlet pipeline is a glass fiber heating belt, mainly because it is soft enough to be tightly and uniformly wound on the outer wall of the pipeline, so that the wall temperature is uniform, the rated power of the glass fiber heating belt used in the research is 100W / m. All the temperatures in the test process are measured by using 0.5mm diameter N-type thermocouples.

[0059] According to the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental method provided by the application, the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system is used, and the following steps are included:

[0060] Step 1: open the check valve between the argon bottle 11 and the melting tank 1, make the high-pressure argon enter the inlet pipeline and the penetration pipe 8 and flush for 5 minutes, and then seal the melting tank 1 by the sealing plug 3 after the air in the inlet pipeline and the penetration pipe 8 is completely exhausted;

[0061] Step 2: put the solid-phase lead-bismuth alloy into the upper end of the melting tank 1, and exhaust the air in the melting tank 1 by the high-pressure argon, seal the upper end of the melting tank 1 after the air is fully exhausted, and continuously input the argon to isolate the oxygen from entering the melting tank 1;

[0062] Step 3: open the melting tank heating belt 2 and the pipeline heating belt 4, adjust the power of the melting tank heating belt 2 by the first power adjusting device, so that the solid-phase lead-bismuth alloy is melted, adjust the power of the melting tank heating belt 2 after the lead-bismuth alloy is completely melted and reaches the first preset temperature, so that the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid is constant and maintained for 1h, and the heating rate of the melting tank heating belt 2 is less than 2℃ / min;

[0063] Step 4: adjust the power of the pipeline heating belt 4 by the second power adjusting device, so that the wall temperature of the inlet pipeline reaches the second preset temperature and is maintained for 1h, and the heating rate of the pipeline heating belt 4 is less than 2℃ / min; the second preset temperature is higher than the solidification point temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy;

[0064] Step 5: adjust the power of the temperature regulator 9 in the constant-temperature bath 7, so that the water temperature in the constant-temperature bath 7 reaches the third preset temperature and is maintained for 1h, and the heating rate of the temperature regulator 9 is less than 2℃ / min;

[0065] Step 6: when the temperature in the whole lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system is stable, record all the thermocouple temperatures by the data acquisition system, open the sealing plug 3, and inject the lead-bismuth alloy fluid;

[0066] Step 7: when the temperature in the whole lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system decreases to room temperature, cut the penetration pipe 8, take a solidification photo of the lead-bismuth alloy, measure the penetration distance of the lead-bismuth alloy and record it.

[0067] Before the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment is carried out, the lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment system is debugged, and the debugging method comprises the following steps:

[0068] Check the sealing property of the melting tank 1: close the sealing plug 3 between the melting tank 1 and the test pipeline, then fill the melting tank 1 with water, wait for 30 min, and observe whether the water level of the melting tank 1 changes.

[0069] Check the thermocouple of the melting tank 1: fill the melting tank 1 with water about 20 cm high, slowly heat the water to 80 DEG C by using the melting tank heating belt 2, and maintain for 30 min, observe the temperature difference of the thermocouple in the melting tank 1, and record.

[0070] Check the thermocouple of the inlet U-shaped pipe section 6: adjust the power of the pipeline heating belt 4, so that the pipe wall temperature is stabilized at 130 DEG C, and maintain for 30 min, observe the temperature difference of the thermocouple, and record.

[0071] Check the thermocouple in the penetration pipe 8: fill the water tank of the constant temperature bath 7 with water about 15 cm high, slowly heat the water to 80 DEG C by using the temperature regulator 9, and maintain for 30 min, observe the temperature difference of the thermocouple in the water tank, and record; after checking the sealing property and the thermocouple, flush the test pipeline twice with normal temperature water, flush the pipeline with high pressure argon for 5 min, and dry.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The embodiment provides a lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experiment method, which comprises the following steps:

[0074] Flush the test pipeline with high pressure argon for 5 min, so that the air in the pipeline is completely exhausted, and then close the metal sealing plug 3 between the melting tank and the test pipeline;

[0075] Put the solid lead-bismuth block with a preset mass into the melting tank 1, then exhaust the air in the melting tank 1 with high pressure argon, and cover the melting tank 1 cover;

[0076] Connect the high pressure argon to the argon pipeline above the melting tank cover, and continuously input argon to isolate oxygen from entering the melting tank 1;

[0077] Turn on the power supply of the melting tank heating belt 2 and the pipeline heating belt 4, and turn on the temperature regulator 9;

[0078] Adjust the power of the melting tank heating belt 2, so that the solid lead-bismuth alloy block is slowly melted, after the lead-bismuth alloy is completely melted and the predetermined test temperature is reached, adjust the power of the heating belt, so that the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid is constant and maintained for 1 h, and the control loop temperature rising rate is less than 2 DEG C / min;

[0079] Adjust the power of the heating tape 4 to make the wall temperature reach the predetermined test temperature and keep for 1h, control the heating rate of the loop <2℃ / min;

[0080] Adjust the power of the temperature regulator 9 to make the water temperature slowly reach the predetermined test temperature and keep for 1h, control the heating rate of the loop <2℃ / min;

[0081] When all the temperatures of the whole system are stable, the system starts to record all the thermocouple temperatures;

[0082] Then open the sealing plug 3, inject the lead bismuth fluid, and quickly move away from the test device;

[0083] During the test, pay close attention to the temperature change in the tube, and after all the temperatures no longer change, wait for 15min, and then close the data acquisition system;

[0084] After all the temperatures are reduced to room temperature, cut the test tube, take a solidification photo, measure the penetration distance, and record.

[0085] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0086] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. An experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth, characterized in that, It includes a melting tank (1), a constant temperature bath (7) and an inlet pipe. The melting tank (1) is used to melt lead-bismuth alloy, and the constant temperature bath (7) is used to cool the liquid phase of the lead-bismuth alloy. The constant temperature bath (7) is horizontally provided with a penetrating pipe (8). The lower end of the melting tank (1) is connected to one end of the inlet pipe, the other end of the inlet pipe is connected to one end of the penetrating pipe (8), and the other end of the penetrating pipe (8) is connected to an outlet section (10). The melting tank (1) is provided with a first heating device on the outside and a second heating device on the outside of the inlet pipe. After the lead-bismuth alloy is melted into a liquid phase in the melting tank (1), it is injected into the penetrating pipe (8) by gravity. The liquid phase of lead-bismuth solidifies under the cooling of the constant temperature bath (7), thereby obtaining the solidification characteristics of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid. The inlet pipe includes an inlet U-shaped pipe section (5) and an inlet horizontal pipe section (6). The inlet U-shaped pipe section (5) includes a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the lower end of the melting tank (1), and the second end is connected to one end of the inlet horizontal pipe section (6). The other end of the inlet horizontal pipe section (6) is connected to the penetrating pipe (8). The first end of the inlet U-shaped pipe section (5) is higher than the second end, and the height difference between the first end and the second end can be adjusted.

2. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heating device includes a melting tank heating belt (2) and a first power regulating device. The melting tank heating belt (2) is spirally and uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the melting tank (1). The heating belt (2) of the melting tank is connected to the first power regulating device.

3. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heating device includes a pipe heating band (4) and a second power regulating device. The pipe heating band (4) is spirally and uniformly arranged on the outside of the inlet pipe. The pipeline heating belt (4) is connected to the second power regulating device.

4. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an argon cylinder (11), which is connected to the upper end of the melting tank (1), and a check valve is provided between the argon cylinder (11) and the melting tank (1); The argon cylinder (11) is used to continuously inject argon gas during the melting of lead-bismuth alloy and the test process to prevent oxygen from entering the melting tank (1) to oxidize the lead-bismuth alloy.

5. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing plug (3) is provided at the lower end of the interior of the melting tank (1), and a push-pull rod is provided on the sealing plug (3); One end of the push-pull rod is connected to the sealing plug (3), and the other end of the push-pull rod extends upward until it is located outside the melting tank (1), so as to facilitate the external control of the sealing of the melting tank (1).

6. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermostatic bath (7) is equipped with a temperature regulator (9).

7. The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that, Thermocouples are installed at the bottom of the melting tank (1), the bottom of the inlet U-shaped pipe section (5), the inside of the inlet horizontal pipe section (6), and the inside of the penetrating pipe (8); Each end of the inlet horizontal pipe section (6) is equipped with a separate thermocouple.

8. An experimental method for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth, characterized in that, The experimental system for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Step 1: Open the check valve between the argon cylinder (11) and the melting tank (1) to allow high-pressure argon to enter the inlet pipe and the penetration pipe (8) and flush for 5 minutes. After the air in the inlet pipe and the penetration pipe (8) is completely emptied, seal the melting tank (1) with the sealing plug (3). Step 2: Put solid lead-bismuth alloy into the upper end of the melting tank (1), and exhaust the air in the melting tank (1) with high pressure argon. After the air is fully exhausted, seal the upper end of the melting tank (1) and continue to introduce argon to prevent oxygen from entering the melting tank (1). Step 3: Turn on the heating belt (2) of the melting tank and the heating belt (4) of the pipeline. Adjust the power of the heating belt (2) of the melting tank through the first power adjustment device to melt the solid lead-bismuth alloy. After the lead-bismuth alloy is completely melted and reaches the first preset temperature, adjust the power of the heating belt (2) of the melting tank to keep the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy fluid constant and maintain it for 1 hour. The heating rate of the heating belt (2) of the melting tank is <2℃ / min. Step 4: Adjust the power of the pipe heating belt (4) through the second power adjustment device so that the inlet pipe wall temperature reaches the second preset temperature and is maintained for 1 hour. The heating rate of the pipe heating belt (4) is <2℃ / min. Step 5: Adjust the power of the temperature regulator (9) in the constant temperature bath (7) so that the water temperature in the constant temperature bath (7) reaches the third preset temperature and is maintained for 1 hour. The heating rate of the temperature regulator (9) is <2℃ / min. Step 6: After the temperature in the entire lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system stabilizes, record the temperature of all thermocouples through the data acquisition system, open the sealing plug (3), and inject lead-bismuth alloy fluid; Step 7: After the temperature in the entire lead-bismuth penetration solidification behavior research experimental system is reduced to room temperature, cut open the penetration tube (8), take a solidification photo of the lead-bismuth alloy, measure and record the penetration distance of the lead-bismuth alloy.

9. The experimental method for studying the penetration solidification behavior of lead-bismuth according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second preset temperature is higher than the solidification temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy.

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