Brushless reverse claw-pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator

Abstract

The application provides a brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator, and belongs to the technical field of automobile electromotor and electric appliance. The generator is composed of a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a front end cover and a rear end cover. A brushless reverse claw pole structure electric excitation rotor and a combined asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor are arranged on a rotating shaft. The electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor share an armature winding. The magnetic potential generated by the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is combined in a magnetic circuit. According to the change of the output voltage of the generator, the size and direction of the electric excitation winding current are adjusted, so that the size of the combined magnetic field in the armature winding is adjusted. The generator has the advantages of short axial length, large electric excitation winding arrangement space, high efficiency, high power density and compact structure. Meanwhile, the whole generator adopts a brushless structure, and the carbon brush slip ring structure which is easy to wear is omitted, so that the generator is safe and reliable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application provides a brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator, and belongs to the technical field of automobile motors and electrical appliances. BACKGROUND

[0002] The generator is one of the key components of internal combustion engine vehicles, new energy hybrid electric vehicles, military vehicles, engineering vehicles and other vehicles. In recent years, people's growing demand for a better life also determines that the requirement for the intelligentization of vehicles is getting higher and higher. The "intelligentization" of vehicles cannot be separated from the support of various auxiliary electrical equipment, and the corresponding power consumption increases puts forward new requirements for the generator of the vehicle. At present, the common generators are mostly electrically excited traditional claw pole generators and permanent magnet generators. The electrically excited traditional claw pole generator has simple structure and simple control system, but has low efficiency and power density, while the permanent magnet generator has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency, superior performance, large overload capacity and the like. However, the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic steel in the rare earth permanent magnet generator after magnetization are difficult to adjust, so when the load and speed of the motor change, the voltage of the generator is difficult to stabilize. In order to solve the problem of difficult voltage stabilization of ordinary rare earth permanent magnet generators, hybrid excitation technology is proposed. Although the hybrid excitation motor inherits the advantages of high efficiency and high power density of the permanent magnet motor and the simple control of the electrically excited motor, the hybrid excitation motor has both electrically excited and permanent magnet rotors, which increases the axial length of the motor and the layout space. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the application is to provide a brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator which can overcome the above-mentioned defects, has short axial length, large electric excitation winding layout space, high efficiency, large power density, wide speed regulation range, small cogging torque and compact structure. The technical content is:

[0004] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator composed of a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a front end cover and a rear end cover, characterized in that: an electric excitation rotor and a permanent magnet rotor are mounted on the rotating shaft, the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor share an armature winding, and the magnetic potential generated by the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is combined in the magnetic circuit.

[0005] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator is characterized in that the electric excitation rotor is a reverse claw pole structure, the reverse claw pole electric excitation rotor is composed of a front claw pole, a rear claw pole, an electric excitation winding, a magnetic conducting ring and a plastic framework, the claw part of the front claw pole and the rear claw pole adopts the same isosceles trapezoidal variable cross-section structure, the thickness and the width at the claw tip are smaller than those at the claw root, the claw tips of the front claw pole and the rear claw pole point in the same direction, the length from the claw tip to the claw root is the same as the stator axial length, the front claw pole is outwardly flared at the front claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support part of the front claw pole, the outer circle diameter of the front claw pole yoke is larger than the maximum outer circle diameter at the claw root, the outer circle diameter of the claw pole support part of the front claw pole is larger than the inner circle diameter of the stator and smaller than the outer circle diameter of the stator, the rear claw pole is inwardly contracted at the rear claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support part of the rear claw pole, the magnetic conducting ring, the electric excitation winding and the plastic framework are arranged between the two claw pole support parts, the electric excitation winding is wound on the plastic framework, the plastic framework is sleeved on the magnetic conducting ring, the magnetic conducting ring is fixed on the rear end cover through screws, the rear claw pole is welded on the front claw pole through a non-magnetic conducting material, the front claw pole is press-fitted on the rotating shaft, the N poles and the S poles are arranged at intervals, the pole numbers are equal, and the poles are uniformly distributed along the circle;

[0006] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator is characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor is a combined asymmetric magnetic pole structure, the combined asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor is composed of a permanent magnet rotor core, a first rectangular permanent magnet, a second rectangular permanent magnet, a tangential permanent magnet and a semicircular permanent magnet.

[0007] An even number of first 'V' shaped permanent magnets composed of two first rectangular permanent magnets are arranged along the circumferential direction near the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core, the outer side of the first 'V' shaped permanent magnet is arranged at intervals of N and S poles, the distance from the midpoint of the line connecting the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets constituting the first 'V' shaped permanent magnet to the center of the permanent magnet rotor core is 2 / 3 of the outer circle radius of the permanent magnet rotor core, the included angle between the two first rectangular permanent magnets constituting the first 'V' shaped permanent magnet is 80°, there is a 1.5mm non-communication part between the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets constituting the first 'V' shaped permanent magnet, and the first circular arc magnetic gap is arranged at the inner and outer ends of the first rectangular permanent magnet, and there is a 1.5mm non-communication part between the first circular arc magnetic gaps and the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core.

[0008] The outer side of the first "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel with N polarity towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core is designed with a second "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel composed of two second rectangular permanent magnet steels, the included angle between the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels composing the second "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel is 90°, there is a 1.5mm discontinuous part between the inner ends of the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels composing the second "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel, the inner and outer ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel are both provided with right trapezoidal magnetic gap, the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap is communicated with the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel and the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap is smaller than the length of the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel, the two angles of the oblique waist side of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap are both rounded, and the outer end of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap is 1.5mm away from the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core.

[0009] The outer side of the first "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel with S polarity towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core is designed with a semicircular permanent magnet steel, the center of the semicircular permanent magnet steel is on the symmetry line of the first "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel, and the outer end of the semicircular permanent magnet steel is 1.5mm away from the rotor outer circle.

[0010] A tangential permanent magnet steel is arranged between every two adjacent first "V"-shaped permanent magnet steels, the polarities of the opposite surfaces of the two adjacent tangential permanent magnet steels are the same as the polarity of the first "V"-shaped permanent magnet steel between the two tangential permanent magnet steels towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core, the distance from the midpoint of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel to the rotor center is 1 / 2 of the rotor radius, the outer side of the tangential permanent magnet steel is provided with a second circular-arc-shaped magnetic gap, there is a 1.5mm discontinuous part between the second circular-arc-shaped magnetic gaps away from the rotor outer circle, the inner side of the tangential permanent magnet steel is provided with a "convex"-shaped magnetic gap composed of a rectangular magnetic gap and a fan-ring-shaped magnetic gap, the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is communicated with the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel and the width of the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is smaller than the width of the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel, the centers of the two circular-arc sides of the fan-ring-shaped magnetic gap are both located at the rotor center, the angles of the fan-ring-shaped magnetic gap are all rounded, and there is a 1.5mm discontinuous part between the adjacent "convex"-shaped magnetic gaps.

[0011] Working principle: the target stable voltage of the designed hybrid excitation generator is 28V, when the output voltage of the generator is lower than 28V, the electromagnetic coupling stable voltage controller supplies the electric excitation coil with forward current, the generated magnetic field is superimposed with the permanent magnetic field, the effective magnetic field in the armature winding is strengthened, the output voltage of the generator is increased, when the output voltage of the generator is higher than 28V, the electromagnetic coupling stable voltage controller supplies the electric excitation coil with reverse current, the generated magnetic field weakens the permanent magnetic field, the effective magnetic field in the armature winding is reduced, the output voltage of the generator is decreased, and the process is repeated, so as to ensure that the generator outputs stable DC voltage in a wide speed and wide load range.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the reverse claw pole electrically excited rotor has the same direction of the front claw pole and the rear claw pole, and the claw pole yoke is located on the same side of the claw pole, so that the thickness of the stator is reduced by the ineffective length of the claw pole yoke, and the axial length of the whole machine can be obviously shortened when the claw tip of the reverse claw pole electrically excited rotor is arranged to point to the permanent magnet rotor.

[0013] The claw part of the front claw pole and the rear claw pole of the reverse claw pole electrically excited rotor adopts the isosceles trapezoidal variable cross-section structure, the thickness of the claw tip is obviously smaller than that of the claw root, the distance between the adjacent two claws is increased, the magnetic flux leakage is reduced, the additional magnetic separation material is not needed between the adjacent two claws, the high air gap magnetic density is achieved, and the efficiency of the electrically excited rotor is effectively improved.

[0014] The front claw pole is outwardly expanded in a horn shape at the front claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support part of the front claw pole, the radial size of the motor is increased without reducing the size of the claw part, the phenomenon that the magnetic field at the claw root reaches saturation earlier than that at the claw tip is avoided, the magnetic field distribution is more uniform, the content of the harmonic in the induced electromotive force is effectively reduced, the arrangement space of the electrically excited winding is increased, and the power density of the electrically excited rotor is improved.

[0015] The combined asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor can effectively weaken the air gap magnetic density harmonic, reduce the cogging torque of the motor, avoid the phenomenon that the center of the air gap magnetic field is concave, increase the sinusoidal property of the air gap magnetic density curve, increase the air gap magnetic density, improve the efficiency and power density of the permanent magnet rotor, and improve the noise and vibration problems of the whole machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the electrically excited rotor cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown;

[0018] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the right view of the permanent magnet rotor of the embodiment shown.

[0019] In the figure: 1, rear end cover 2, shaft 3, magnetic conducting ring 4, rear claw pole 5, plastic framework 6, electrically excited winding 7, front claw pole 8, armature winding 9, stator 10, second rectangular permanent magnet steel 11, first rectangular permanent magnet steel 12, tangential permanent magnet steel 13, "convex" shaped magnetic separation air gap 14, front end cover 15, screw 16, bearing 17, permanent magnet rotor core 18, semicircular permanent magnet steel 19, first circular arc-shaped magnetic separation air gap 20, second circular arc-shaped magnetic separation air gap 21, right-angle trapezoidal magnetic separation air gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings:

[0021] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator composed of the rotor assembly, the stator assembly, the front end cover 14 and the rear end cover 1, characterized in that the rotating shaft is provided with the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor, the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor share an armature winding, and the magnetic potential generated by the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is combined in the magnetic circuit;

[0022] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator, characterized in that the electric excitation rotor is of a reverse claw pole structure, the reverse claw pole electric excitation rotor is composed of a front claw pole 7, a rear claw pole 4, an electric excitation winding 6, a magnetic conducting ring 3 and a plastic framework 5, the claw portions of the front claw pole 7 and the rear claw pole 4 adopt the same isosceles trapezoidal variable cross-section structure, the thickness and the width at the claw tips are smaller than those at the claw roots, the claw tips of the front claw pole 7 and the rear claw pole 4 point in the same direction, the length from the claw tip to the claw root is the same as the axial length of the stator, the front claw pole 7 expands outward in a horn shape at the front claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support portion of the front claw pole 7, the outer diameter of the front claw pole yoke is larger than the maximum outer diameter at the claw root, the outer diameter of the claw pole support portion of the front claw pole 7 is larger than the inner diameter of the stator and smaller than the outer diameter of the stator, the rear claw pole 4 shrinks inward at the rear claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support portion of the rear claw pole 4, the magnetic conducting ring 3, the electric excitation winding 6 and the plastic framework 5 are arranged between the two claw pole support portions, the electric excitation winding 6 is wound on the plastic framework 5, the plastic framework 5 is sleeved on the magnetic conducting ring 3, the magnetic conducting ring 3 is fixed on the rear end cover 1 through screws 14, the rear claw pole 7 is welded on the front claw pole 7 through a non-magnetic conducting material, the front claw pole 7 is press-fitted on the rotating shaft 2, the N poles and the S poles are arranged at intervals, the number of poles is equal, and they are uniformly distributed along a circle;

[0023] The brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator, characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor is of a combined asymmetric magnetic pole structure, the combined asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor is composed of a permanent magnet rotor core 17, a first rectangular permanent magnet steel 11, a second rectangular permanent magnet steel 10, a tangential permanent magnet steel 12 and a semicircular permanent magnet steel 18;

[0024] An even number of first "V" shaped permanent magnet steels composed of two first rectangular permanent magnet steels 11 are arranged along the circumferential direction near the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core 17, the outer side of the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel is arranged at intervals with N and S poles, the distance from the midpoint of the connecting line of the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels 11 to the center of the permanent magnet rotor core 17 is 2 / 3 of the outer circle radius of the permanent magnet rotor core 17, the included angle between the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels 11 is 80°, there is a 1.5mm non-communication part between the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels 11, the first rectangular permanent magnet steel 11 is provided with a first circular arc-shaped magnetic gap 19 at both the inner and outer ends, and there is a 1.5mm non-communication part between the first circular arc-shaped magnetic gaps 19 and the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core 17.

[0025] The outer side of the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel with N polarity towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core 17 is designed with a second "V" shaped permanent magnet steel composed of two second rectangular permanent magnet steels 10, the included angle between the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels 10 composing the second "V" shaped permanent magnet steel is 90°, there is a 1.5mm discontinuous part between the inner ends of the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels 10 composing the second "V" shaped permanent magnet steel, the inner and outer ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 10 are both provided with a right trapezoidal magnetic gap 21, the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap 21 is continuous with the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 10 and the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap 21 is smaller than the length of the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 10, the two angles of the oblique waist side of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap 21 are both rounded, and the outer end of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap 21 is 1.5mm away from the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core 17;

[0026] The outer side of the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel with S polarity towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core 17 is designed with a semicircular permanent magnet steel 18, the center of the semicircular permanent magnet steel 18 is on the symmetry line of the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel, and the outer end of the semicircular permanent magnet steel 18 is 1.5mm away from the rotor outer circle;

[0027] A tangential permanent magnet steel 12 is arranged between every two adjacent first "V" shaped permanent magnet steels, the polarities of the opposite faces of the two adjacent tangential permanent magnet steels 12 are the same as the polarity of the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel between the two tangential permanent magnet steels 12 towards the outer circle side of the permanent magnet rotor core 17, the distance from the midpoint of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel 12 to the rotor center is 1 / 2 of the rotor radius, the outer side of the tangential permanent magnet steel 12 is provided with a second circular arc magnetic gap 20, the distance between the two outer circles of the second circular arc magnetic gap 20 is 1.5mm, the inner side of the tangential permanent magnet steel 12 is provided with a "convex" shaped magnetic gap 13 composed of a rectangular magnetic gap and a fan ring magnetic gap, the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is continuous with the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel 12 and the width of the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is smaller than the width of the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel 12, the centers of the two circular arc sides of the fan ring magnetic gap are both located at the rotor center, the angles of the fan ring magnetic gap are all rounded, and the distance between the adjacent "convex" shaped magnetic gaps 13 is 1.5mm.

Claims

1. A brushless reverse claw pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excitation generator, consisting of a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a front end cover (14), a rear end cover (1), characterized in that: The shaft is provided with an electric excitation rotor and a permanent magnet rotor, the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor share an armature winding, and the magnetic potential generated by the electric excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is combined in a magnetic circuit; The electric excitation rotor is a reverse claw pole structure, the reverse claw pole electric excitation rotor is composed of a front claw pole (7), a rear claw pole (4), an electric excitation winding (6), a magnetic conductive ring (3) and a plastic skeleton (5), the claw portions of the front claw pole (7) and the rear claw pole (4) adopt the same isosceles trapezoidal variable cross-section structure, the thickness and the width at the claw tips are smaller than those at the claw roots, the claw tips of the front claw pole (7) and the rear claw pole (4) point in the same direction, the length from the claw tip to the claw root is the same as the axial length of the stator, the front claw pole (7) is outwardly flared at the front claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support portion of the front claw pole (7), the outer diameter of the front claw pole yoke is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the claw root, the outer diameter of the claw pole support portion of the front claw pole (7) is larger than the inner diameter of the stator and smaller than the outer diameter of the stator, the rear claw pole (4) is inwardly contracted at the rear claw pole yoke to form a claw pole support portion of the rear claw pole (4), the magnetic conductive ring (3), the electric excitation winding (6) and the plastic skeleton (5) are arranged between the two claw pole support portions, the electric excitation winding (6) is wound on the plastic skeleton (5), the plastic skeleton (5) is sleeved on the magnetic conductive ring (3), the magnetic conductive ring (3) is fixed on the rear end cover (1) through screws (14), the rear claw pole (7) is welded on the front claw pole (7) through a non-magnetic conductive material, the front claw pole (7) is press-fitted on the shaft (2), the N poles and the S poles are arranged at intervals, the number of poles is equal, and they are uniformly distributed along the circle; The permanent magnet rotor is a combined asymmetric magnetic pole structure, the combined asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor is composed of a permanent magnet rotor core (17), a first rectangular permanent magnet steel (11), a second rectangular permanent magnet steel (10), a tangential permanent magnet steel (12) and a semicircular permanent magnet steel (18); An even number of first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steels composed of two first rectangular permanent magnet steels (11) are arranged at the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) in the circumferential direction; The outer side of the first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steel with the N pole facing the outer side of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) is designed with a second "V-shaped" permanent magnet steel composed of two second rectangular permanent magnet steels (11); The outer side of the first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steel with the S pole facing the outer side of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) is designed with a semicircular permanent magnet steel (18), and the center of the semicircular permanent magnet steel (18) is on the symmetry line of the first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steel; A tangential permanent magnet steel (12) is arranged between every two adjacent first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steels, the polarities of the opposite faces of the two adjacent tangential permanent magnet steels (12) are the same as the polarity of the first "V-shaped" permanent magnet steel between the two tangential permanent magnet steels (12) facing the outer side of the permanent magnet rotor core (17). The inner side of the tangential permanent magnet steel (12) is provided with a "convex" shaped magnetic gap (13) combined by a rectangular magnetic gap and a sector ring magnetic gap, the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is communicated with the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel (12), and the width of the outer side of the rectangular magnetic gap is smaller than the width of the short side of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel (12), and the centers of the two circular arc sides of the sector ring magnetic gap are located at the center of the rotor.

2. The brushless reversed claw-pole electromagnetic and combined asymmetric permanent magnet hybrid excited generator of claim 1, wherein: The distance from the midpoint of the connecting line of the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels (11) constituting the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel to the center of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) is 2 / 3 of the outer radius of the permanent magnet rotor core (17), the included angle between the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels (11) constituting the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel is 80°, there is a 1.5mm unconnected part between the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnet steels (11) constituting the first "V" shaped permanent magnet steel, and the inner and outer ends of the first rectangular permanent magnet steel (11) are provided with first arc-shaped magnetic gaps (19), and the first arc-shaped magnetic gaps (19) are separated from the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) by a 1.5mm unconnected part; The included angle between the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels (10) constituting the second "V" shaped permanent magnet steel is 90°, there is a 1.5mm unconnected part between the inner ends of the two second rectangular permanent magnet steels (10) constituting the second "V" shaped permanent magnet steel, the inner and outer ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel (10) are provided with right trapezoidal magnetic gaps (21), the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap (21) is communicated with the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel (10), and the height of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap (21) is smaller than the length of the short side of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel (10), the two angles on one side of the oblique waist of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap (21) are rounded, and the outer end of the right trapezoidal magnetic gap (21) is separated from the outer circle of the permanent magnet rotor core (17) by a 1.5mm unconnected part; The outer end of the semicircular permanent magnet steel (18) is separated from the outer circle of the rotor by a 1.5mm unconnected part; The distance from the midpoint of the inner end of the tangential permanent magnet steel (12) to the center of the rotor is 1 / 2 of the radius of the rotor, the outer side of the tangential permanent magnet steel (12) is provided with a second arc-shaped magnetic gap (20), and the second arc-shaped magnetic gap (20) is separated from the outer circle of the rotor by a 1.5mm unconnected part; The angles of the sector ring magnetic gaps are rounded, and there is a 1.5mm unconnected part between the adjacent "convex" shaped magnetic gaps (13).

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