Method of mining by slot draw with forced fill body and extrusion blasting
By using the forced filling body compression blasting trenching mining method, and utilizing mechanized rock drilling rigs and micro-differential blasting technology, the problems of low efficiency and high cost of existing construction cutting raises and blasting wells have been solved, enabling rapid upgrading of the ore preparation room and improvement of safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA HUAYE GROUP
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods of constructing wells by cutting and blasting have problems such as complicated construction processes, long cycles, low efficiency, and high costs.
The mining method of squeezing and blasting backfill is adopted. Mechanized rock drilling rigs are used to excavate and cut tunnels, vertical medium-deep holes are arranged and micro-differential blasting is carried out. Taking advantage of the low density and low strength of the backfill, multiple rows of blasting are carried out from the inside out, providing ample free space.
It enables rapid upgrading of ore preparation sites, reduces costs, improves safety, provides sufficient blasting compensation space, and reduces construction time and resource consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN116006176B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine construction technology, and more specifically, to a method for high-pressure backfilling, compression blasting, and slotting mining. Background Technology
[0002] During the construction and production phases of a mine, blasting mining requires a certain amount of free space, necessitating the construction of a raise to provide sufficient compensation space for each blast. Raises are generally used for ore and rock haulage, underground ventilation, and providing blasting compensation space. Existing raise construction methods include drilling and cutting to create raises and blasting to create raises.
[0003] For well-forming methods that use a reverse drilling rig to cut and create a well, the current common practice is to use a reverse drilling rig or manual cutting to create the well. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the existing riser cutting operation. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Section A–A, see reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the excavation sequence of the raise boring machine is as follows:
[0004] 1. Pilot hole construction: Drill a pilot hole with a diameter of 300mmd vertically downward along the center line of the well. Drill the hole to the lower chamber in one go. Pay attention to the direction when drilling and do not deviate.
[0005] 2. Raised Drilling Enlargement: After the pilot hole is completed, a cutterhead is installed at the bottom of the drill pipe. The cutterhead rotates and cuts the rock, enlarging the borehole from bottom to top. The excavated waste falls into the cutting chamber below and is then transported to the waste disposal site by machinery.
[0006] The above-mentioned method of cutting the riser during reverse drilling cannot reach the designed cross-section in one go. It requires repeated cutting and expansion of the well to ensure the width of the blasting compensation space. Moreover, the diameter of the reverse drilling rig is only 1.2-1.4m, the equipment cost is high, and the upgrade to a prepared mine is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly.
[0007] Blasting for well construction is a simple and efficient method. Currently, there are two main modes: layered blasting with multi-hole spherical explosive charges and straight-hole cut-out blasting. Both modes have certain problems in engineering applications. In the layered blasting mode, as the number of blasting layers increases, the volume of the funnel formed by the blast decreases, the actual blasting height decreases, the number of blasts required increases, the explosive consumption increases, and the blasting effect and efficiency deteriorate. In the straight-hole cut-out blasting mode, the drilling angle is critical, the blasting hole is prone to deviation, and the large size of the blasted fragments and insufficient compensation space can lead to well construction failure or unsatisfactory results.
[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a construction scheme to improve the above-mentioned well-forming method. Summary of the Invention
[0009] In view of the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for strong-push filling body compression blasting trench mining, so as to solve the problems of cumbersome construction process, long cycle, low efficiency and high cost of existing construction cutting well and blasting well construction.
[0010] The present invention provides a method for forced-push filling body compression blasting channel mining, characterized by comprising the following steps:
[0011] S100: Mechanized rock drilling rigs are used for tunneling construction, cutting through the tunnel to the filling body, forming a tunnel from the borehole entrance to the filling body;
[0012] S200: Vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows are arranged in the filling body and the cut-off roadway; wherein, the vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows include rows of blasting holes perpendicular to the filling body and the cut-off roadway;
[0013] S300: Fill the blast hole with explosives;
[0014] S400: Perform a micro-delay blasting groove on the blasting hole, and the blasting sequence is carried out from the inside to the outside.
[0015] Alternatively, the drilling rig can be a YT-28 handheld rock drill.
[0016] In addition, an optional technical solution is that the tunnel width during the tunneling construction is 10m ± 1m.
[0017] In addition, an optional technical solution is to, after the tunneling reaches the filling body, further include: using a YGZ-90 rock drill to construct a deep-hole trenching blast ...
[0018] Alternatively, an optional technical solution is to arrange five blast holes in the filling body, with a blast hole depth of 16.5m.
[0019] In addition, an alternative technical solution is that the blasting holes arranged in the cut-off roadway have a row spacing of 0.5m between the first three rows of blasting holes, a row spacing of 1m between the subsequent rows of blasting holes, and a spacing of 0.5m between blasting holes in the same row.
[0020] In addition, an optional technical solution is that the time delay of the micro-differential blasting is 400ms.
[0021] In addition, an optional technical solution is to further include, after performing a micro-differential blasting groove on the blasting hole, cleaning the blasted slag by using a shovel to remove the slag.
[0022] In addition, an optional technical solution is to, after cleaning the blasted slag with a shovel, perform another blasting and slotting operation after the empty area is seen in the cleaning process, until the entire rock drilling tunnel forms a free space of the cut length.
[0023] Alternatively, an optional technical solution is to use a 1m³ trackless diesel loader to load the blasting area slag into mine cars during the slag removal process by using a loader to remove slag, and then transport the mine cars to the surface by rail.
[0024] The aforementioned method of forced-push backfill compression blasting and slotting mining eliminates the need for constructing cut-down risers. It only requires identifying the boundaries of the backfill, arranging reinforced blast holes, and blasting simultaneously in both the backfill and ore body. This significantly reduces costs, increases safety, and allows for rapid upgrades to the prepared ore chamber. Furthermore, the backfill itself has low density and strength, making it easily compressible. Forcefully compressing the backfill by the ore body effectively achieves slotting, providing free space.
[0025] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects of the invention include the features that will be described in detail below. The following description and accompanying drawings illustrate certain exemplary aspects of the invention. However, these aspects indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention can be used. Furthermore, the invention is intended to encompass all such aspects and their equivalents. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Other objects and results of the invention will become more apparent and readily understood with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of cutting the riser for existing reverse drilling operations;
[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Section A–A;
[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the forced-push filling body compression blasting groove construction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0031] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals indicate similar or corresponding features or functions. Detailed Implementation
[0032] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes and to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it will be apparent that these embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form for ease of description of one or more embodiments.
[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the following terms, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the content or structure of this invention.
[0034] To address the problems of cumbersome construction process, long cycle, low efficiency and high capital consumption in existing construction cutting wells, this invention proposes a method of strong-push filling body compression blasting trenching mining, which adopts the open field subsequent filling method to meet the compensation space provided by the strong-push filling body compression blasting trenching.
[0035] To describe in detail the structure of the method for strong-push filling body extrusion blasting trench mining according to the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0036] As mentioned earlier, conventional construction methods for cutting risers require repeated cutting by manual labor or using raise boring machines, resulting in long cycles, low efficiency, and slow upgrades to the ore preparation area. Manual construction requires checking and prying loose rocks off the well wall after each blast and necessitates temporary shotcrete support, leading to low safety and slow construction speed. Furthermore, while using raise boring machines can solve safety issues, it also incurs significant costs and complicated preparation work due to the long initial construction period.
[0037] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for mining by forcefully pushing and filling a backfill body through blasting and slotting. This method employs a method of filling an open area before blasting and slotting, thereby solving the problem of blasting and slotting in conventional construction methods that involve cutting and cutting wells.
[0038] Compression blasting, also known as slag-retaining compression blasting, refers to blasting without leaving sufficient compensation space. This can improve the utilization rate of explosive energy and enhance the quality of ore and rock fragmentation. In deep-hole mining, multi-row micro-delay compression blasting is commonly used. However, existing multi-row micro-delay blasting methods offer limited free space and are unsuitable for hard rocks. The multi-row micro-delay blasting method of this invention requires first blasting the filling material, and then using multiple rows of micro-delay blasting to cut the tunnel from the inside out. This results in a low blasting space density, facilitates compaction, and provides greater free space.
[0039] Figure 3 The present invention illustrates a method flow for high-pressure backfilling compression blasting trench mining according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the forced-push filling body compression blasting groove construction according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
[0040] S100: Mechanized rock drilling rigs are used for tunneling construction, cutting through the tunnel to the filling body, forming a tunnel from the borehole entrance to the filling body.
[0041] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the mechanized rock drilling rig is a YT-28 handheld rock drill. The specific parameters of sufficient free space can be determined according to the cutting width. For example, when the cutting width reaches 10 meters, sufficient free space is achieved when the cutting height can be blasted through the upper layers. Therefore, in this embodiment, the designed cutting width is greater than or equal to 10m, and can be selected as 10m, 12m, or 13m, etc.
[0042] The tunneling construction must ensure that the cut width reaches approximately 10 meters, and that there is sufficient free space for each slotting blast. This free space is sufficient to provide compensation space for the next blast, enough to stockpile the volume of slag after the next blast (taking into account the looseness factor). For example, if there is a 10-cubic-meter empty area after slotting blast, the next blast will produce 8 cubic meters of slag, facilitating the stockpiling and removal of slag after the next blast.
[0043] Since the first tunneling operation only initially explored the boundary of the filling body after reaching it, and the exact location of the boundary was not determined, the boundary of the goaf could only be determined first. A second exploration of the filling boundary was needed to effectively guide the placement of medium and deep holes during the subsequent construction and trenching process.
[0044] In one specific embodiment of the invention, after tunneling to the filling body, a YGZ-90 rock drill is used to construct a deep-hole trenching blasting blasting rig, followed by one or two more blasts, with a blasting rig spacing of 1m, tunneling through the filling body for approximately 4m, to further determine the boundary between the filling body and the ore body. This effectively improves construction efficiency and quickly upgrades the cut-out roadway into a ready-to-mine stope.
[0045] Furthermore, when constructing trenching blasting platoons in deep holes near the junction of the explored filling body and the ore body, several additional reinforced platoons can be constructed, with the platoon spacing reduced to 0.5m. This can increase the blasting speed and ensure sufficient explosive force to compress and push the filling body, with the line of minimum resistance in the direction of the filling body.
[0046] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the upper cutting roadway is a roadway that has already undergone grooving construction and serves as a roof protection roadway; the lower grooving cutting roadway is the grooving roadway to be constructed according to this invention. During construction, a top-down sequence is adopted, that is, the upper cutting roadway is first grooved to form a safe cutting roadway, and then the lower grooving cutting roadway is constructed.
[0047] S200: Vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows are arranged in the filling body and the cut-off roadway, the vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows including rows of blasting holes perpendicular to the filling body and the cut-off roadway.
[0048] Specifically, blasting holes are arranged in the filling body, and the blasting holes are arranged in rows from the inside to the outside in the cut-off roadway. The number of rows of blasting holes in the cut-off roadway is constructed according to the length of the cut-off roadway.
[0049] Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, a row of blasting holes is arranged in the filling body, including five blasting holes perpendicular to the filling body with a depth of 16.5m.
[0050] The blasting holes set in the cut-off tunnel can be the same as those set in the filling material.
[0051] The blasting holes can be arranged in multiple rows according to the actual site conditions. Technicians can determine the number of rows, row spacing, and spacing between adjacent blasting holes within the same row based on the actual site conditions. Specifically, as an example, in one specific embodiment of the invention, the row spacing and number of rows are designed such that the row spacing between the first three rows is 0.5m, and the row spacing between the subsequent rows is 1m. Technicians can measure and mark the construction positions of the blasting holes on site, and the spacing between blasting holes within the same row is 0.5m.
[0052] The depth of the blasting hole is the layer height minus the roadway height. The angle of the blasting hole in the filling body and the angle of the blasting hole in the cutting roadway are both 90°, i.e., vertical blasting holes.
[0053] S300: Fill the blast hole with explosives.
[0054] S400: Perform a micro-delay blast to create a groove, with the blasting sequence proceeding from the inside out.
[0055] The process involves first filling the first three rows of blast holes near the filling body, then blasting multiple times, and finally, the first blasting of the tunnel to compress the filling body in sections, creating a forced groove and providing compensation space.
[0056] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the first blasting filling material and the tunnel cutting are blasted together, and the delay time of the micro-delay blasting is 400ms.
[0057] After the aforementioned tunneling and slotting are completed in multiple stages, the entire drilling tunnel forms a free space of the tunneling length (the goaf formed after blasting). During the slotting process, the blasted slag is handled promptly, and sufficient free space is provided by forcibly compressing the filling material. Generally, tunneling and slotting are completed in 3-5 stages. After the previous blasting is completed, and the goaf is visible after the slag is removed by a loader, the next blasting and slotting can begin. After the tunneling and blasting are completed, the entire blasting area has been cleared of slag, thus forming free space. Except for the first tunneling and slotting which involves a row of filling material, each subsequent slotting is carried out sequentially, with no difference in the blasting holes and the method of filling explosives, using the same amount of explosives and the same number of holes.
[0058] In one specific embodiment of the invention, a 1m³ trackless diesel loader is used to load the blasting zone slag into a mine car and transport it out by rail.
[0059] The aforementioned method of forced-push backfill compression blasting and slotting mining eliminates the need for constructing cut-down risers. It only requires identifying the boundaries of the backfill, arranging reinforced blast holes, and blasting simultaneously in the backfill and ore body. This significantly reduces costs, increases safety, and allows for rapid upgrades to the ore preparation area. The backfill itself has low density and strength, making it easily compressible. Forcefully compressing the backfill by the ore body effectively achieves slotting, providing free space.
[0060] The above-mentioned construction method of filling body extrusion blasting slotting mining not only ensures construction speed and saves construction cutting risers, but also ensures safety during operation.
[0061] The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trenching mining according to the present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications can be made to the method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trenching mining proposed above without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100: Mechanized rock drilling rigs are used for tunneling construction, cutting through the tunnel to the filling body, forming a tunnel from the borehole entrance to the filling body; S200: Vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows are arranged in the filling body and the cut-off roadway; wherein, blasting holes are arranged in rows from the inside to the outside in the cut-off roadway, and the number of rows of blasting holes in the cut-off roadway is based on the length of the cut-off roadway; the vertical medium-deep hole construction slotting rows include rows of blasting holes perpendicular to the filling body and the cut-off roadway; the depth of the blasting holes is the layer height excluding the roadway height, and the angle of the blasting holes in the filling body and the angle of the blasting holes in the cut-off roadway are both 90°; S300: Fill the blast hole with explosives; S400: Perform a micro-delay blasting groove on the blasting holes. The blasting sequence is from the inside out. First, blast the filling body, and then use multiple rows of micro-delay blasting to cut the roadway from the inside out. Specifically, first, the first three rows of blasting holes closest to the filling body are filled, and then blasting is carried out in multiple stages. The first blasting of the roadway cuts the filling body in sections by compressing it and forcibly cutting the groove to provide compensation space.
2. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rock drilling rig is a YT-28 handheld rock drill.
3. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel width for the tunneling construction is 10m ± 1m.
4. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the tunneling work reaches the filling body, it also includes: During the construction of the filling body, a deep-hole drilling rig with a YGZ-90 rock drill is used to create a groove and blasting path. One or two more blasts are then used to explore the boundary between the filling body and the ore body for the second time.
5. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of blast holes arranged in the filling body is 5, and the blast hole depth is 16.5m.
6. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The blasting holes arranged in the cut-off roadway have a row spacing of 0.5m between the first three rows and a row spacing of 1m between the subsequent rows. The spacing between blasting holes in the same row is 0.5m.
7. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The time delay for the micro-delay blasting is 400ms.
8. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, After performing a micro-delay blasting groove on the blast hole, the method further includes: The blasted slag is cleaned by shoveling a loader.
9. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 8, characterized in that, After cleaning the blasted slag using a loader, the process also includes: After clearing the slag and finding the empty area, the next blasting and slotting is carried out until the entire rock drilling tunnel forms a free space of the cut length.
10. The method for forced-push filling body compression blasting trench mining as described in claim 8, characterized in that, During the process of cleaning up the blasted slag using a loader, A 1m³ trackless diesel shovel is used to load the blasting zone slag into a mine car, which is then transported to the surface by rail.