Hard rock cutterhead and tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hard rock cutterhead and a tunnel boring machine. The hard rock cutterhead includes a cutterhead panel whose forward projection contour line is a plane spiral line. A center cutter is provided in the central area of ​​the cutterhead panel, and a plurality of front cutters are arranged spirally around the center cutter in the radial direction. The cutterhead panel and the cutter arrangement thereon are asymmetric structures, which can reduce the vibration of the equipment and avoid abnormal damage such as uneven wear and chipping of the cutter cutters. Under the driving action of the rotary drive system, the cutterhead panel rotates relative to the tunnel face, and the center cutter and the front cutter provided on the cutterhead panel rotate synchronously relative to the tunnel face. The rotation of the center cutter and the front cutter is similar to the principle of a spiral drill, which has a tendency to advance in the axial direction. The cutting area can cover the entire tunnel face together with the spirally arranged front cutters and the center cutter, thereby having a high rock breaking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring equipment, in particular to a hard rock cutter head and a tunnel boring machine. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of underground space development both domestically and internationally has placed higher demands on the design of full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs). During TBM excavation operations, the balance of the cutterhead directly impacts excavation efficiency, service life, and costs. In existing technology, TBM cutterheads utilize a flat surface with disc cutters arranged at equal spacing. Typically, only one disc cutter is located on a concentric circle at the same distance from the cutterhead center.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with an application publication date of 2012.00.18 and an authorization announcement number of CN102322270A discloses a shield cutterhead for composite formations, including a cutterhead body with a box structure, with cutters installed on the front of the cutterhead body. The cutters include a number of single-edge standard cutters installed on a cross-shaped cutter beam, a number of single-edge center cutters installed on a straight-line cutter beam located in the center area of ​​the cross-shaped cutter beam, a number of single-edge standard cutters and single-edge eccentric cutters installed in the edge area, wherein the single-edge standard cutters, the single-edge center cutters, and the single-edge eccentric cutters are all symmetrical about the center of the planar cutterhead body.

[0004] For example, the utility model patent with the authorization announcement date of 2019.05.24 and the authorization announcement number CN208900103U discloses a multi-arm cantilever tunnel boring machine equipped with a roller cutter for breaking rock. Its cantilever is connected to the cutterhead through a rotating shaft. The cutterhead is provided with a roller cutter and a center cutter. The roller cutters and the center cutters are symmetrical about the center of the cutterhead body.

[0005] As shown in the above-mentioned prior art, the arrangement of disc cutters on the cutterhead must ensure that the force applied to the cutterhead is as even as possible and is not affected by radial loads. However, due to factors such as geological conditions, the force applied to the flat cutterhead cannot be maintained uniformly during actual operation, causing vibration in the equipment, reducing rock breaking efficiency, increasing equipment wear, and thus affecting project progress. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a hard rock cutterhead and a tunnel boring machine, which solves the technical problem that the existing hard rock cutterhead is affected by its own structure and geological conditions, and cannot maintain uniform force during construction, causing vibration of the equipment and affecting the construction progress.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a hard rock cutterhead, comprising a cutterhead panel, wherein the forward projection contour line of the cutterhead panel is a plane spiral line, a center cutter is provided in the central area of ​​the cutterhead panel, and a plurality of front cutters are arranged spirally around the center cutter in the radial direction. The cutterhead panel and the arrangement of the cutters thereon are asymmetric structures, which can reduce the vibration of the equipment and avoid abnormal damage to the cutters such as eccentric wear and chipping; under the driving action of the rotary drive system, the cutterhead panel rotates relative to the tunnel face, and the center cutter and the front cutters provided on the cutterhead panel rotate synchronously relative to the tunnel face. The rotation of the center cutter and the front cutters is similar to the principle of a spiral drill, which has an axial forward trend, and its cutting area can cover the entire tunnel face together with the spirally arranged front cutters and the center cutter, thereby having a high rock breaking efficiency.

[0008] Furthermore, the blade height of the center cutter is higher than that of the front cutter, constructing a cutting form with a columnar spiral structure, which not only strengthens the axial forward movement trend, but also can simultaneously break rock at different depths of the face. It can advance rock breaking in the center of the face to reduce the overall strength of the rock, and facilitate subsequent rock breaking by the front cutter with a lower blade height, further improving the rock breaking efficiency and rock breaking capacity.

[0009] Furthermore, there are several center cutters, and the blade heights of each center cutter are the same, further ensuring the stability of the equipment in the contact stage at the early stage of rock breaking; or the heights of each center cutter gradually decrease from the center of the central area to the surrounding areas. Since the contact stage at the early stage of rock breaking is short and the impact is small, setting the center cutters to have a height difference can further enhance the rock breaking ability and efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, the blade height of the front cutter decreases in a spiral shape, which improves the stability and forward movement trend of the equipment during the entire rock breaking process. At the same time, it also makes the cutting points of the front cutter on the tunnel face continuous in both radial and axial directions, further enhancing the rock breaking ability and efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the cutterhead panel is spirally shaped in the axial direction. While maintaining uniform specifications for the front hob, the cutting edge height of the front hob can be sequentially reduced through the pitch of the cutterhead panel. This simplifies the number of components and standardizes the specifications for the front hob, saving manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs, improving assembly and maintenance efficiency, and further enhancing construction efficiency.

[0012] Furthermore, the blade height of the front hob is sequentially lowered by using hobs of different specifications or / and hob seats of different specifications or / and hob seats at different axial positions, thereby simplifying the structure of the cutter head panel.

[0013] Furthermore, the height difference between the blades of adjacent front cutters is 5-50 mm, and different height differences can be selected according to different tunneling equipment, geological conditions and excavation sections.

[0014] Furthermore, in the radial direction, the included angles of the adjacent front hobs with respect to the central hob are equal.

[0015] Furthermore, the radius differences of adjacent front hobs relative to the center of the cutter head panel are equal or the growth rates of the radius differences of adjacent front hobs relative to the center of the cutter head panel are the same.

[0016] A tunnel boring machine is a cantilever tunnel boring machine or a full-face tunnel boring machine. In the case of a cantilever tunnel boring machine, the cantilever of the cantilever tunnel boring machine is connected to a main shaft arm, and the main shaft arm is connected to the above-mentioned hard rock cutter head through the above-mentioned cutter head panel; in the case of a full-face tunnel boring machine, the main drive of the full-face tunnel boring machine is connected to the cutter head panel of the above-mentioned hard rock cutter head, and a slag outlet is provided on the cutter head panel.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of slag outlets are provided, each of which is provided in the area between the two front roller cutters (3) and extends in the radial direction, so that the plurality of slag outlets are arranged in a spiral shape, adapted to the spirally arranged front roller cutters 3 and the spiral cutter head panel 1, and having a more efficient slag discharge efficiency than the traditional cutter head rock breaking, so that the crushed slag is discharged quickly, further reducing the probability of abnormal damage such as eccentric wear and chipping of the roller cutters, and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention include:

[0019] 1. The traditional flat cutterhead structure is changed, and the cutterhead panel and tool layout are designed to have a spiral structure in the axial and radial directions, which has high rock breaking efficiency, can improve the efficiency of hard rock excavation, and achieve high efficiency of tunnel excavation equipment;

[0020] 3. The center cutter and the front cutter cooperate with each other, so that the center cutter contacts the tunnel face first and the front cutter contacts the tunnel face later, which improves the stability and rock breaking ability of the entire tunneling construction process;

[0021] 2. The overall structure and the arrangement of the tools are asymmetrical, which will reduce the vibration of the equipment and avoid abnormal damage such as uneven wear and chipping of the hob. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A perspective view of the hard rock cutterhead and the spindle arm after assembly in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of

[0026] Figure 4 The radial distribution diagram of the center hob and the front hob tracks of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of excavation using a hard rock cutterhead;

[0028] In the picture:

[0029] 1. Cutter head panel:

[0030] 101. Forward projection contour line, 102. Slag outlet, 103. Center area, 104. Pitch surface, 105. Mounting hole;

[0031] 2. Center hob:

[0032] 201, #1 hob, 202, #2 hob, 203, #3 hob, 204, #4 hob, 205, center cutter box;

[0033] 3. Front hob:

[0034] 305, #5 hob, 306, #6 hob, 307, #7 hob, 308, #8 hob, 309, #9 hob, 310, #10 hob, 311, #11 hob, 312, #12 hob;

[0035] 4. Hob seat; 5. Slag outlet; 6. Connecting flange; 7. Spindle arm; 8. Tunnel face;

[0036] α, radial angle of the front hob. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1, a hard rock cutterhead, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a cutterhead panel 1, and the forward projection contour line 101 of the cutterhead panel 1 is a plane spiral line, that is, the cutterhead panel 1 is spiral in the radial direction. The plane spiral line can be implemented as an Archimedean spiral, an involute spiral, an equiangular spiral, a hyperbolic spiral, etc. No matter what kind of spiral line is implemented, its purpose is to make the cutterhead panel 1 construct a radial spiral surface in the radial direction, which not only meets the needs of cutterhead rotation excavation, but also makes the cutterhead panel 1 an asymmetric structure different from the existing symmetrical cutterhead panel.

[0039] The center area of ​​the cutterhead panel 1 is provided with a plurality of central cutters 2. In this embodiment, four central cutters 2 are selected, namely cutter #1 201, cutter #2 202, cutter #3 203, and cutter #4 204. The cutting edges of the central cutters 2 are of the same height. Assuming the tunnel face is flat, each central cutter 2 can simultaneously contact the tunnel face, ensuring uniform force distribution and fully ensuring the stability of the equipment during the initial contact phase of rock breaking.

[0040] In the radial direction of the cutterhead panel 1, a plurality of front cutters 3 are arranged spirally around the central cutter 2. In this embodiment, seven front cutters 3 are selected, namely, cutter #5 305, cutter #6 306, cutter #7 307, cutter #8 308, cutter #9 309, cutter #10 310, cutter #11 311, and cutter #12 312.

[0041] The cutterhead panel 1 and the cutter arrangement thereon are asymmetrical structures, which can reduce the vibration of the equipment and avoid abnormal damage such as uneven wear and chipping of the cutters. When the hard rock cutterhead is used in a tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead panel 1 rotates relative to the tunnel face under the drive of the rotary drive system, and the center cutter 2 and the front cutter 3 set on the cutterhead panel 1 rotate synchronously relative to the tunnel face. The rotation of the center cutter 2 and the front cutter 3 is similar to the principle of an auger. They have an axial forward trend, and their cutting area can cover the entire tunnel face together with the spirally arranged front cutters and the center cutter, achieving high rock breaking efficiency.

[0042] Example 2, a hard rock cutterhead, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the blade height of the center cutter 2 is higher than that of the front cutters 3. The blade height difference between adjacent front cutters 3 is 5-50mm, and different height differences can be selected based on different tunneling equipment, geological conditions, and excavation sections. The resulting columnar spiral cutting structure not only strengthens the axial forward motion but also enables simultaneous rock breaking at different depths in the tunnel face. This allows for advanced rock breaking in the center of the tunnel face, reducing overall rock strength and facilitating subsequent rock breaking by the front cutters 3 with lower blade heights, further improving rock breaking efficiency and capacity.

[0043] Furthermore, the blade height of the front cutter 3 decreases in a spiral shape, that is, the blade connection lines of each front cutter 3 form a cylindrical spiral line in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the cylindrical spiral line formed by the blade connection lines in the radial direction covers the entire tunnel face, thereby improving the stability of the equipment during the entire rock breaking process and the tendency of forward movement. At the same time, it also makes the cutting points of the front cutter 3 on the tunnel face continuous in both the radial and axial directions, further enhancing the rock breaking ability and efficiency.

[0044] Specifically, the cutterhead panel 1 is spirally shaped in the axial direction. While the specifications of the front cutters 3 are uniform, the blade height of the front cutters 3 can be sequentially reduced by the pitch of the cutterhead panel 1. This means that while the blade height of the front cutters 3 sequentially decreases along the spiral shape, the number of components is simplified, the specifications of the front cutters 3 are standardized, and manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs are reduced. This also improves assembly and maintenance efficiency, further enhancing construction efficiency.

[0045] At this time, the cutterhead panel 1 is provided with spirally distributed mounting holes 105, and each front hob 3 is respectively installed in the mounting holes 105 through the hob seat 4. The central area of ​​the cutterhead panel 1 is provided with a central cutter box 205, which is used to compensate for the height of the pitch surface 104 of the cutterhead panel 1. Each central hob 2 is respectively installed on the central cutter box 205 through the hob seat 4.

[0046] Furthermore, in the radial direction, the angle between adjacent front cutters 3 and the center cutter 2 is recorded as the front cutter radial angle α, and the front cutter radial angle α is selected according to the specific shape of the cutter head panel 1, geological conditions, excavation section, etc., that is, for example, the adjacent front cutter radial angles α are equal, or the adjacent front cutter radial angles α gradually increase as the spiral extends, or the adjacent front cutter radial angles α gradually decrease as the spiral extends.

[0047] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the radius differences of adjacent front hobs 3 relative to the center of the cutter head panel 1 are equal; or the growth rates of the radius differences of adjacent front hobs 3 relative to the center of the cutter head panel 1 are the same.

[0048] The mechanical structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

[0049] Example 3, a hard rock cutterhead, the height of each center cutter 2 gradually decreases from the center of the central area to the surrounding areas. Since the contact stage in the early stage of rock breaking is short and the impact is small, setting the center cutter to have a height difference can further enhance the rock breaking ability and efficiency.

[0050] Alternatively, an odd number of center cutters 2 are provided, so that the center cutter 2 in the center can stably contact the tunnel face regardless of whether the tunnel face is flat or not, and regardless of whether the blade heights of the center cutters 2 are the same, or the blade height of the center cutter 2 in the center is higher than the blade heights of the surrounding center cutters 2.

[0051] The mechanical structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 or 2.

[0052] Example 4, a hard rock cutterhead, the blade height of the front cutter 3 is successively lowered by using cutters of different specifications or / and cutter seats of different specifications or / and cutter seats 4 of different axial positions, that is, the structure of the cutterhead panel 1 is simplified relative to the implementation method of Example 2, and there is no need to use an axially spirally extended cutterhead panel 1, but a spirally extended blade is constructed using components that are easier to process.

[0053] The mechanical structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, 2 or 3.

[0054] Example 5, a cantilever tunnel boring machine, such as Figure 5 As shown, the cantilever of the boom tunnel boring machine is connected to a main shaft arm 7, which is connected to the cutterhead panel 1 via a connecting flange 6. During construction, the cantilever drives the main shaft arm 7 to change position and reach the tunnel face 8. The main shaft arm 7 drives the cutterhead panel 1 to rotate via the connecting flange 6. In turn, the center cutter 2 and the front cutter 3 on the cutterhead panel 1 rotate synchronously with the cutterhead panel 1 around the main shaft arm 7. As the cantilever extends forward, the cutter at the center of the center cutter 2 breaks rock first, followed by the cutters on the front cutter 3. The thrust of the cantilever on the cutterhead panel 1 gradually increases from zero to full, and the cutters begin to break rock, forming a tunnel face with a spiral surface.

[0055] Furthermore, the debris after excavation by the cantilever tunneling machine can be discharged from the edge due to its gravity and spiral extrusion force, or fall through the movement of the cantilever; or a slag outlet 102 is set on the cutter head panel 1, and during the excavation process, the cantilever does not need to move, and the debris can be automatically discharged from the slag outlet 102.

[0056] The structure of the hard rock cutterhead in this embodiment is as described in any one of Examples 1-4.

[0057] Example 6, a full-face tunnel boring machine, wherein the main drive of the full-face tunnel boring machine is connected to the cutterhead panel 1, and the cutterhead panel 1 is provided with a slag outlet 102. During construction, the main drive of the full-face tunnel boring machine drives the cutterhead panel 1 to rotate, and then the center cutter 2 and the front cutter 3 on the cutterhead panel 1 rotate synchronously with the cutterhead panel 1. As the full-face tunnel boring machine advances forward, the cutter at the center of the center cutter 2 breaks rock first, followed by the cutters on the front cutter 3. The thrust of the cantilever on the cutterhead panel 1 is gradually increased from zero to full, and each cutter begins to break rock, forming a spiral face.

[0058] Furthermore, there are several slag outlets 102, and each slag outlet 102 is respectively arranged in the area between the two front rollers 3 and extends in the radial direction, so that the multiple slag outlets are arranged in a spiral shape, which is adapted to the spirally arranged front rollers 3 and the spiral cutter head panel 1. Compared with the traditional cutter head rock breaking, it has a more efficient slag discharge efficiency, so that the crushed slag can be discharged quickly, further reducing the probability of abnormal damage such as uneven wear and chipping of the roller, and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0059] The structure of the hard rock cutterhead in this embodiment is the same as that described in any one of Embodiments 1-4.

[0060] Any details not provided in the present invention are conventional technical means known to those skilled in the art.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock cutterhead, comprising a cutterhead panel (1), characterized in that: The forward projection contour line (101) of the cutterhead panel (1) is a plane spiral line, a central cutter (2) is provided in the central area of ​​the cutterhead panel (1), and a plurality of front cutters (3) are arranged in a spiral shape around the central cutter (2) in the radial direction; The blade height of the central hob (2) is higher than the blade height of the front hob (3); The central hobs (2) are provided in a plurality of numbers, and the blade heights of the central hobs (2) are the same; or the heights of the central hobs (2) gradually decrease from the center of the central area to the surrounding areas, and the blade heights of the front hobs (3) are sequentially decreased by hobs of different specifications or / and hob seats of different specifications and / or hob seats (4) at different axial positions; The blade height of the front hob (3) decreases in sequence along a spiral shape; the cutter head panel (1) is spiral in the axial direction, and the blade height of the front hob (3) decreases in sequence through the pitch of the cutter head panel (1).

2. The hard rock cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the radial direction, the angles between adjacent front hobs (3) and the center hob (2) are equal.

3. The hard rock cutterhead according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The radius differences of adjacent front hobs (3) relative to the center of the cutter head panel (1) are equal or the growth rates of the radius differences of adjacent front hobs (3) relative to the center of the cutter head panel (1) are the same.

4. A roadheader, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine is a cantilever tunnel boring machine or a full-face tunnel boring machine. When it is a cantilever tunnel boring machine, the cantilever of the cantilever tunnel boring machine is connected to a main shaft arm (7), and the main shaft arm (7) is connected to the hard rock cutter head described in any one of claims 1 to 3 through the above-mentioned cutter head panel (1); when it is a full-face tunnel boring machine, the main drive of the full-face tunnel boring machine is connected to the cutter head panel (1) of the hard rock cutter head described in any one of claims 1 to 3, and a slag outlet (102) is provided on the cutter head panel (1).

5. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of slag outlets (102) are provided, and each slag outlet (102) is respectively provided in the area between the two front hobs (3) and extends in the radial direction.

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