Flashing and tunnel support systems

Abstract

The present invention provides a waterproofing panel and tunnel support system. The waterproofing panel comprises a first sub-waterproofing panel and a second sub-waterproofing panel, positioned opposite each other, and two or more transverse drainage walls disposed between the first and second sub-waterproofing panels. Two adjacent transverse drainage walls, the first and second sub-waterproofing panels, form a main drainage channel. The transverse drainage walls are provided with a weak connection portion, which has the smallest thickness and extends along the length of the transverse drainage wall. The waterproofing panel can maintain its waterproofing function even when concrete cracks expand or when relative displacement occurs between the primary support surface and the secondary lining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a waterproof board and a tunnel support system. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels and other underground projects often adopt the structural form of "shotcrete + waterproof layer + cast-in-place concrete". Shotcrete is used as the initial support, and cast-in-place concrete is used as the secondary lining for enhanced support. Generally speaking, the waterproof layer only serves to isolate water. In order to avoid or reduce the adverse effects of water pressure on the secondary lining structure, the waterproof layer must have the function of drainage in areas with high water pressure. A common practice is to use various waterproof boards such as PVC, EVA, and LDPE for waterproofing, and to arrange drainage pipes such as soft permeable pipes, spring water pipes, and HDPE corrugated pipes on the outside of the waterproof board for drainage and pressure relief. This method is very practical and has a very high popularity rate, but the structure is relatively complex, and the construction cost and material cost need to be optimized.

[0003] After tunnel excavation, a loosened rock zone forms within a certain radius around the tunnel. Within this zone, the surrounding rock deforms due to adjustments in the original ground stress, opening cracks that allow groundwater to flow into the tunnel along these cracks. There are many reasons for leaks and cracks, including: excessive strength of waterproof concrete, resulting in cracks due to shrinkage; insufficient water resistance, resulting in leakage; inclusion of debris such as soil in construction materials; inadequate support technology; loose arch lining; excessive surrounding rock pressure, leading to longitudinal cracking in the arch waist lining; and crushing and shedding of the arch lining, causing leakage. Delayed arch construction in soft rock areas prevents the lining from forming a ring in time, causing the wall foot to shift inward due to stress, resulting in longitudinal cracks in the side walls.

[0004] In order to cope with the expansion of cracks, technicians in this field tend to increase the tensile strength of waterproof boards. For example, CN213627610U discloses a crack-resistant waterproof board specifically for railway tunnels, CN202689197U discloses a high-strength composite waterproof board, and CN207297040U discloses a composite waterproof board used in tunnel engineering. The common feature of these solutions is that the structural strength is improved by composite reinforcements, which greatly increases the cost and difficulty of production, making it difficult to popularize. In addition, the hard plastic gasket is strongly fixed to the primary support surface made of concrete by nailing or other means, and the waterproof board and the plastic gasket are welded together. Once cracks appear on the primary support surface, a strong tearing force is generated between the plastic gaskets. The reinforced waterproof board is like a mantis trying to stop a car, and is also easily torn, resulting in waterproof failure. The secondary lining and the inner layer of the waterproof board are prone to adhesion. When relative displacement occurs between the secondary lining and the primary support surface, the waterproof board is also easily torn.

[0005] Before laying the waterproofing sheet, recessed areas must be smoothed with cement mortar. Exposed rebar, anchor bolt heads, and steel pipes must be cut, hammer-riveted, and then smoothed with mortar. Even so, the initial sprayed concrete still has a significant roughness that can easily scratch the waterproofing sheet. Therefore, a geotextile is often placed between the waterproofing sheet and the sprayed concrete layer to protect it. However, the use of the geotextile requires a separate construction process, making it difficult to reduce construction costs.

[0006] Another existing method for welding waterproofing sheets involves creating an overlapping area between two adjacent sheets, called the inter-ring lap joint or overlap. The overlap is typically 10 to 15 centimeters wide. In current welding techniques, two parallel, heat-melted, press-fit welds are formed in the center of the overlap, typically 1.5 to 2 centimeters wide. This overlap welding wastes the effective length of the waterproofing sheets. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof board that can maintain its waterproof function when the waterproof board is easily displaced due to expansion of concrete cracks or relative displacement between the primary support surface and the secondary lining.

[0008] A second object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel support system having the above-mentioned waterproof board.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention provides a waterproof board, including a first sub-waterproof board and a second sub-waterproof board arranged opposite to each other, and two or more transverse guide walls arranged between the first sub-waterproof board and the second sub-waterproof board; two adjacent transverse guide walls, the first sub-waterproof board and the second sub-waterproof board form a main drainage trough; a weak connection portion is provided on the transverse guide wall, and the thickness at the weak connection portion on the transverse guide wall is the smallest, and the weak connection portion extends in the length direction of the transverse guide wall.

[0010] As can be seen from the above scheme, by providing two parallel sub-waterproofing panels, connected by a transverse guide wall with a weak connection, a significant tearing force is generated between the first and second sub-waterproofing panels when concrete cracks expand or relative displacement occurs between the primary support surface and the secondary lining. The weak connection is torn, allowing the first and second sub-waterproofing panels to misalign, eliminating the tearing force between them and preventing the sub-waterproofing panels from tearing, thereby ensuring that the waterproofing function is not lost. Even if large cracks occur in the primary support shotcrete and significant displacement occurs between the plastic blocks anchored to the primary support concrete, only the sub-waterproofing panel near the primary support concrete will tear. Protected by the tearing recess, the sub-waterproofing panel near the secondary lining will not tear. Water flowing into the drainage trough is guided by the transverse guide wall to flow into the tunnel's built-in drainage trough, preventing a surge in water pressure. Furthermore, geotextiles are not required, and the waterproofing layer is laid in one go. The waterproofing panels can be fixed by butt welding, eliminating the overlap between adjacent waterproofing panels, avoiding material waste and compromising waterproofing performance.

[0011] A preferred solution is that the weak connection portion is located in the middle of the width direction of the transverse guide wall, and when the force applied to the first sub-waterproof board exceeds a preset value, the weak connection portion is torn.

[0012] A preferred solution is that a support rib is provided in the main drainage trough; the fixed end of the support rib is connected to the first sub-waterproof board, and the free end of the support rib is close to the second sub-waterproof board; or the fixed end of the support rib is connected to the second sub-waterproof board, and the free end of the support rib is close to the first sub-waterproof board.

[0013] It can be seen that the setting of the support ribs can prevent the sub-waterproofing boards from being crushed when pouring concrete for the secondary lining, and effectively ensure the structural integrity of the drainage trough.

[0014] A preferred solution is that a protective layer is provided on the surface of the first sub-waterproof board away from the second sub-waterproof board; and / or the protective layer is made of an elastic material.

[0015] A further solution is that the thickness of the protective layer is greater than or equal to 4 mm; and / or the thickness of the first sub-waterproof board is greater than or equal to 2 mm; and / or the thickness of the second sub-waterproof board is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0016] It can be seen that the protective layer can prevent the primary shotcrete from scratching the waterproof board.

[0017] A preferred solution is that a V-shaped groove is provided on the transverse guide wall, and the weak connection portion is located at the bottom of the V-shaped groove.

[0018] A preferred solution is that each transverse guide wall is provided with two V-shaped grooves, and the two V-shaped grooves are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the transverse guide wall.

[0019] It can be seen that the two V-shaped grooves are symmetrically arranged. When the second sub-waterproofing board on the lower side is stationary, the first sub-waterproofing board on the upper side moves to the left or right, and the weak connection part is easily torn.

[0020] A preferred solution is that a secondary drainage groove is provided inside the transverse guide wall, the secondary drainage groove extends along the length direction of the transverse guide wall and penetrates the transverse guide wall in the length direction, and the weak connection part is located on the side wall of the secondary drainage groove.

[0021] It can be seen that even if the weak connection part is torn, the secondary drainage groove can still ensure normal drainage. At the same time, multiple drainage grooves can improve drainage efficiency.

[0022] A further solution is that the number of the auxiliary drainage grooves is more than two, and the plurality of auxiliary drainage grooves are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the transverse guide wall.

[0023] To achieve the above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention provides a tunnel support system, including primary support, secondary lining and the above-mentioned waterproof board arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining; the waterproof board is arc-shaped, the first sub-waterproof board is located radially outside the second sub-waterproof board, the axis of the waterproof board is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the weak connection part and the transverse guide wall both extend along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a partial view of the first embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the connection position of two adjacent waterproof boards in the first embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram and a partial enlarged diagram of the second embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram and a partial enlarged diagram of the third embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram and a partial enlarged diagram of the fourth embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram and a partial enlarged diagram of the fifth embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram and a partial enlarged diagram of the sixth embodiment of the waterproof board of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] First embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 4 The tunnel support system includes a primary support, a secondary lining, and multiple waterproof panels 10 disposed between the primary and secondary linings. The panels 10 are curved, with their axes parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The panels 10 are butted together along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and fixedly connected by welding.

[0036] Each waterproofing board 10 includes a first sub-waterproofing board 11 and a second sub-waterproofing board 12, which are arranged opposite each other, and two or more transverse guide walls 13 disposed between the first sub-waterproofing board 11 and the second sub-waterproofing board 12. The first sub-waterproofing board 11 and the second sub-waterproofing board 12 are arranged in parallel, with the first sub-waterproofing board 11 located radially outward from the second sub-waterproofing board 12. The transverse guide walls 13 are perpendicularly connected to the first sub-waterproofing board 11 and the second sub-waterproofing board 12, respectively.

[0037] Two adjacent transverse guide walls 13, the first sub-waterproofing board 11, and the second sub-waterproofing board 12 form a main drainage channel 14. A V-shaped groove 15 and a weak link 16 are provided in the middle of the width of the transverse guide wall 13. The weak link 16 is located at the bottom of the V-shaped groove 15. The thickness of the transverse guide wall 13 is the smallest at the weak link 16, preferably between 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The weak link 16 extends along the length of the transverse guide wall 13. Both the weak link 16 and the transverse guide wall 13 extend circumferentially along the tunnel and extend from the first side edge 101 to the second side edge 102 of the waterproofing board 10. When the force acting on the first sub-waterproofing board 11 exceeds a preset value, the weak link 16 tears.

[0038] In addition, a protective layer 17 is provided on the surface of the first sub-waterproofing board 11 away from the second sub-waterproofing board 12. This protective layer 17 is made of an elastic material, preferably a thermoplastic foam layer. The thickness of the protective layer 17 is greater than or equal to 4 mm, and the thickness of both the first sub-waterproofing board 11 and the second sub-waterproofing board 12 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. This protective layer 17 prevents scratches on the waterproofing board 10 caused by the primary shotcrete.

[0039] The waterproofing sheet 10 is formed by extrusion, and the thermoplastic foam layer 17 is produced by foaming. The thermoplastic foam layer 17 is secured to the waterproofing sheet 10 by bonding or welding. Adjacent waterproofing sheets 10 are secured together using electromagnetic welding. The first sub-waterproofing sheet 11 is welded to its two opposing side walls, and the second sub-waterproofing sheet 12 is welded to its two opposing side walls.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, after welding, the main drainage trough 14 is formed between the transverse guide wall 13 near the welding position on the first waterproof board 10 and the transverse guide wall 13 near the welding position on the second waterproof board 10. The main drainage trough 14 is closed after connecting a pressure gauge at one end, and is closed after connecting a one-way pipe valve for pressurization at the other end. After pressurizing the drainage trough to a predetermined pressure, the pressurization is stopped and a pressure holding test is performed. After the predetermined time is reached, the final air pressure value is observed. If the air pressure value is within the allowable threshold, the seal is deemed qualified. The pressure holding test is completed after removing the sealing thermoplastic at both ends of the main drainage trough 14 and taking out the air pressure gauge and the one-way pipe valve. During the pressure holding process, the leak point can be checked with soapy water for repair welding.

[0041] As can be seen from the above, by providing two parallel sub-waterproofing panels, connected by a transverse guide wall with a weak connection, a significant tearing force is generated between the first and second sub-waterproofing panels when concrete cracks expand or relative displacement occurs between the primary support surface and the secondary lining. This tearing of the weak connection allows for misalignment between the first and second sub-waterproofing panels, eliminating the tearing force between them and preventing the sub-waterproofing panels from tearing, thereby ensuring that the waterproofing function remains intact. Even if large cracks develop in the primary support shotcrete and significant displacement occurs between the plastic blocks anchored to the primary support concrete, only the sub-waterproofing panel near the primary support concrete will tear. Protected by the tearing recess, the sub-waterproofing panel near the secondary lining will not tear. Water flowing into the drainage trough is guided by the transverse guide wall toward the tunnel's built-in drainage trough, preventing a surge in water pressure. Furthermore, geotextiles are not required; the waterproofing layer is laid in one go. Furthermore, the waterproofing panels can be welded together to eliminate the overlap between adjacent waterproofing panels, avoiding material waste and compromising waterproofing performance. Furthermore, the waterproof board features a simple manufacturing process and a simple, effective structure. Installation can be performed via conventional electromagnetic welding, allowing for a single installation, reducing both manufacturing and operational costs. Furthermore, the present invention overcomes the technical bias among those skilled in the art that enhanced waterproofing performance requires strengthening the material properties of the waterproof board. Instead, the present invention improves waterproofing reliability by weakening the structure, ultimately saving both manufacturing and operational costs.

[0042] Second embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0043] As an explanation of the second embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system of the present invention, only the differences from the first embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system described above are described below.

[0044] See also Figure 5 In this embodiment, each main drain channel 24 is provided with a support rib 241. The fixed end of the support rib 241 is connected to the second sub-waterproofing board 22, while the free end of the support rib 241 is adjacent to the first sub-waterproofing board 21, with a predetermined gap therebetween. Preferably, the thickness of the support rib 241 is greater than or equal to 2.5 mm. The provision of the support rib 241 prevents the sub-waterproofing boards from collapsing during the pouring of concrete for the secondary lining, effectively ensuring the structural integrity of the drain channel.

[0045] Third embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0046] As an explanation of the third embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system of the present invention, only the differences from the second embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system described above are described below.

[0047] See also Figure 6 In this embodiment, the fixed end of the support rib 341 is connected to the first sub-waterproof board 31, and the free end of the support rib 341 is close to the second sub-waterproof board 32 and has a predetermined gap with the second sub-waterproof board 32.

[0048] Fourth embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0049] As an explanation of the fourth embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system of the present invention, only the differences from the first embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system described above are described below.

[0050] See also Figure 7 In this embodiment, each transverse guide wall 43 has two V-shaped grooves 431 disposed opposite each other in the thickness direction of the transverse guide wall 43. The two V-shaped grooves 431 are symmetrically arranged. When the lower second sub-waterproofing board 42 is stationary, the upper first sub-waterproofing board 41 moves leftward or rightward, and the weak connection 46 is easily torn.

[0051] Fifth embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0052] As an explanation of the fifth embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system of the present invention, only the differences from the first embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system described above are described below.

[0053] See also Figure 8In this embodiment, the main drainage groove 54 is a regular hexagon. Each transverse guide wall 53 is provided with a secondary drainage groove 531 and a secondary drainage groove 532. Both the secondary drainage groove 531 and the secondary drainage groove 532 extend along the length of the transverse guide wall 53 and penetrate the transverse guide wall 53 in the longitudinal direction. The secondary drainage grooves 531 and the secondary drainage grooves 532 are spaced apart along the width of the transverse guide wall 53, with the secondary drainage groove 531 located near the first sub-waterproof board 51 and the secondary drainage groove 532 located near the second sub-waterproof board 52.

[0054] The cross-sections of the secondary drainage groove 531 and the secondary drainage groove 532 are both isosceles trapezoidal, and the longer base of the isosceles trapezoidal secondary drainage groove 531 is arranged close to the first sub-waterproof board 51, and the longer base of the isosceles trapezoidal secondary drainage groove 532 is arranged close to the second sub-waterproof board 52, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary drainage groove 531 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary drainage groove 532. The weak connection portion 56 is located on the side wall of the secondary drainage groove 531, and in this embodiment, specifically on the two waists of the isosceles trapezoidal secondary drainage groove 531.

[0055] Sixth embodiment of waterproof board and tunnel support system

[0056] As an explanation of the sixth embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system of the present invention, only the differences from the fifth embodiment of the waterproofing board and tunnel support system described above are described below.

[0057] See also Figure 9 In this embodiment, there are three auxiliary drainage grooves, namely auxiliary drainage groove 631, auxiliary drainage groove 632, and auxiliary drainage groove 633. The auxiliary drainage grooves 631, 632, and 633 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the transverse guide wall 53. The auxiliary drainage groove 631 is close to the first sub-waterproof board 61, and the auxiliary drainage groove 633 is close to the second sub-waterproof board 62.

[0058] The cross-sections of the auxiliary drainage groove 631 and the auxiliary drainage groove 633 are both isosceles trapezoidal. The longer base of the isosceles trapezoidal auxiliary drainage groove 631 is arranged close to the first sub-waterproof board 61, and the longer base of the isosceles trapezoidal auxiliary drainage groove 632 is arranged close to the second sub-waterproof board 62. The cross-section of the auxiliary drainage groove 632 is surrounded by two opposite arc edges and two opposite straight edges. The weak connection portion 66 is located on the side wall of the auxiliary drainage groove 632 and is opposite to the arc edge of the auxiliary drainage groove 632.

[0059] The number, size, and shape of the primary and secondary drain grooves can be varied as needed. Support ribs may be provided in only some of the primary drain grooves. Secondary drain grooves may also be provided on only some of the transverse guide walls. These variations can still achieve the objectives of the present invention.

[0060] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Waterproof board, characterized in that, It includes a first sub-waterproof board and a second sub-waterproof board that are arranged opposite to each other, and two or more transverse guide walls that are arranged between the first sub-waterproof board and the second sub-waterproof board; Two adjacent transverse drainage walls, the first sub-waterproof board and the second sub-waterproof board form a main drainage trough; A weak connection portion is provided on the transverse guide wall, wherein the thickness of the weak connection portion is the smallest on the transverse guide wall, and the weak connection portion extends in the length direction of the transverse guide wall; A V-shaped groove is provided on the transverse guide wall, the weak connection portion is located at the bottom of the V-shaped groove, the weak connection portion is located in the middle of the width direction of the transverse guide wall, and when the force applied to the first sub-waterproof board exceeds a preset value, the weak connection portion is torn; or An auxiliary drainage groove is provided inside the transverse guide wall. The auxiliary drainage groove extends along the length direction of the transverse guide wall and penetrates the transverse guide wall in the length direction. The weak connection portion is located on the side wall of the auxiliary drainage groove.

2. The waterproof board according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support ribs are provided in the main drainage trough; The fixed end of the support rib is connected to the first sub-waterproof board, and the free end of the support rib is close to the second sub-waterproof board; or The fixed end of the support rib is connected to the second sub-waterproof board, and the free end of the support rib is close to the first sub-waterproof board.

3. The waterproof board according to claim 1, wherein: A protective layer is provided on the surface of the first sub-waterproof board away from the second sub-waterproof board; and / or The protective layer is made of elastic material.

4. The waterproof board according to claim 3, wherein: The thickness of the protective layer is greater than or equal to 4 mm; and / or The thickness of the first sub-waterproof board is greater than or equal to 2 mm; and / or The thickness of the second sub-waterproof board is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

5. The waterproof board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Two V-shaped grooves are formed on each of the transverse guide walls, and the two V-shaped grooves are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the transverse guide wall.

6. The waterproof board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The number of the auxiliary drainage grooves is more than two, and the plurality of auxiliary drainage grooves are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the transverse drainage guide wall.

7. Tunnel support system, characterized in that, comprising a primary support, a secondary lining, and a waterproof board according to any one of claims 1 to 6 arranged between the primary support and the secondary lining; The waterproof board is arc-shaped, the first sub-waterproof board is located radially outside the second sub-waterproof board, the axis of the waterproof board is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the weak connection part and the transverse guide wall both extend along the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

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