A hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen refueling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation

Abstract

The present application discloses a hydrogen refueling station and a hydrogen refueling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, relating to the technical field of hydrogen refueling. The hydrogen refueling station includes a hydrogen storage tank for storing liquid hydrogen and a submersible pump, and further includes a first adjustment unit for roughly adjusting the temperature of hydrogen, a compression unit for compressing hydrogen, a second adjustment unit for roughly adjusting the temperature of hydrogen, an output unit, and a controller for coordinating and controlling the operation of each unit. Among them, the second adjustment unit uses the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen to cool the hydrogen heated up after compression, reducing the number of equipment and floor area of the hydrogen refueling station, reducing the failure rate of the system, improving the hydrogen refueling capacity, reducing the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station, effectively utilizing the energy of liquid hydrogen itself. The hydrogen refueling method undergoes rough adjustment by the input adjustment unit and fine adjustment by the output adjustment unit, and for the gas with unqualified reflux temperature, it can achieve simultaneous control of the hydrogen flow rate and temperature for external output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of hydrogen refueling, and more specifically, it relates to a hydrogen refueling station and a hydrogen refueling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a clean, efficient, and pollution-free alternative energy source, has received extensive attention worldwide. Subsequently, various countries around the world have vigorously developed hydrogen energy-related technologies. Fuel cell vehicles are an important way to utilize hydrogen energy, and hydrogen refueling stations are important infrastructure for the popularization and development of fuel cell vehicles. The external hydrogen supply sources of hydrogen refueling stations are divided into high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen. Among them, liquid hydrogen transportation has the advantages of high transportation density, low pressure, and large transportation volume. It has great development potential.

[0003] There are two hydrogen refueling processes for existing liquid hydrogen transportation hydrogen refueling stations. One mainly uses a liquid hydrogen tanker to provide liquid hydrogen. After the liquid hydrogen is heated and vaporized, it is compressed by a compressor and stored in a high-pressure hydrogen storage container in the station. When refueling, the hydrogen is cooled again. This process has the following problems: 1. The liquid hydrogen needs to be heated after vaporization, and the hydrogen needs to be cooled during refueling. The cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and the heat energy of the gaseous hydrogen cannot be utilized, resulting in energy waste. 2. The large number of equipment and complex process flow lead to a large floor area for the entire station and a high system failure rate. 3. There is a large amount of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen stored in the station, with high equipment investment costs and certain safety hazards in high-pressure storage. 4. The hydrogen refueling capacity is small, limited by the capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container and the hydrogen pre-cooling capacity.

[0004] The second process is to directly obtain high-pressure ultra-low temperature hydrogen using a high-pressure submersible pump. A part of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen is heated and then stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen refueling station. When refueling a fuel cell vehicle, a part of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen and a part of the normal temperature gas in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container are pre-mixed and then used to refuel the fuel cell vehicle. This process has the following problems: 1. The high-pressure submersible pump has a high cost and great technical difficulty, resulting in a high investment cost for the entire station. 2. A large amount of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage still needs to be configured in the station, with high equipment investment costs and certain safety hazards in high-pressure storage. 3. The requirements for the pre-mixed hydrogen temperature and hydrogen temperature are too high, and it is difficult to meet the temperature control requirements. 4. The cold energy of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen cannot be reused. 5. The hydrogen refueling capacity is limited by the configuration of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container and the displacement of the submersible pump, and the technical requirements for the configuration of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container and the submersible pump are high.

[0005] The above hydrogen refueling process flows all have many disadvantages and need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the problems of excessive energy consumption, high equipment investment cost, and excessive floor area of hydrogen refueling stations for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation in practical applications, one object of this application is to propose a hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, which uses the cold energy of low-temperature hydrogen to cool the equipment that needs to be cooled in the system and the hydrogen that has been heated up after compression, and uses the loop control method of hydrogen to roughly adjust the temperature of liquid hydrogen and finely adjust the temperature of gaseous hydrogen, reducing the number of equipment and floor area of the hydrogen refueling station, reducing the failure rate of the system, improving the hydrogen refueling capacity, reducing the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station, and effectively utilizing the energy of liquid hydrogen itself; the second object of this application is to provide a hydrogen refueling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation. Through the rough adjustment of the input adjustment unit and the fine adjustment of the output adjustment unit, the gas with an unqualified reflux temperature can achieve the simultaneous control of the hydrogen flow rate and temperature for external output.

[0007] The specific solutions are as follows:

[0008] A hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation includes a hydrogen storage tank for storing liquid hydrogen and a submersible pump for pressurizing and gasifying liquid hydrogen, and further includes:

[0009] A first adjustment unit, including a preheating device for roughly adjusting the temperature of the gasified liquid hydrogen;

[0010] A compression unit, including a compression device for compressing low-pressure hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen;

[0011] A second adjustment unit is arranged between the first adjustment unit and the compression unit, and includes a low-temperature pipeline connected to the outlet of the preheating device and a high-temperature pipeline connected to the outlet of the compression device. The low-temperature pipeline and the high-temperature pipeline are arranged adjacent to each other, and the temperature of the compressed hydrogen is finely adjusted by using the heat difference between the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-temperature pipeline and the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-temperature pipeline;

[0012] An output unit is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange adjustment device to output product hydrogen with a constant temperature and pressure;

[0013] A controller is connected to each unit for control, and controls the hydrogen filling rate by controlling the working states of the submersible pump and the compression device.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the first adjustment unit is used to preliminarily adjust the temperature of the hydrogen input into the entire hydrogen refueling station to ensure that the temperature of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen is within the temperature range that can be processed subsequently; since the temperature of the compressed hydrogen will rise and is generally higher than the temperature of the product hydrogen output by the hydrogen refueling station, the cold energy of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen at the front end of the hydrogen refueling station is used to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen after compression and temperature rise. Without the need to equip heating equipment and while equipping refrigeration equipment, compared with conventional hydrogen refueling stations, there is no need to set up a pre-cooling device for the hydrogen dispenser and a large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage device. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the number of equipment and floor area of the hydrogen refueling station, reduces the failure rate of the system, and improves the hydrogen refueling capacity. On the other hand, it reduces the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station, effectively utilizes the energy of the liquid hydrogen itself. At the same time, there is no need to store a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen, reducing the safety hazards of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0015] Preferably, the compression unit further includes an oil circuit heat exchange component, and the oil circuit heat exchange component includes an oil pipeline for the power oil and lubricating oil of the compression device to circulate, and a hydrogen cooling pipeline arranged in an intersecting manner with the oil pipeline. The air inlet of the hydrogen cooling pipeline is connected to the air outlet of the low-temperature pipeline, and the air outlet of the hydrogen cooling pipeline is connected to the air inlet of the compression device.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the cold energy of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen is used to cool the unit and the oil circuit whose temperature rises due to continuous work in the compression unit. On the one hand, the cold energy of the hydrogen is effectively utilized, and there is no need to additionally set up a water cooling device for the compression unit, reducing the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station. On the other hand, it reduces the equipment in the hydrogen refueling station.

[0017] Preferably, the preheating device includes a preheating hydrogen pipeline, the air inlet of the preheating hydrogen pipeline is connected to the air outlet of the submersible pump, and a first heat exchange pipeline is arranged outside the preheating hydrogen pipeline, and the first heat exchange pipeline is connected to an external heat exchange device to preheat the ultra-low temperature hydrogen flowing in the preheating hydrogen pipeline.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat exchange agent continuously circulating inside the first heat exchange pipeline is used to preliminarily heat the ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen after pressurization and gasification by the submersible pump, so that the temperature of the hydrogen is within the temperature range that can be processed subsequently by the hydrogen refueling station. The first adjustment unit performs rough adjustment on the temperature, retains the low-temperature characteristics of the hydrogen, avoids wasting the cold energy of the gasified hydrogen, and realizes the maximum utilization of energy.

[0019] Preferably, a first control valve is connected to the outlet of the preheating device. The first control valve is configured as a three-way valve. One intake port of the first control valve is communicated with the outlet of the preheating hydrogen pipeline. The first outlet port of the first control valve is communicated with the intake port of the preheating hydrogen pipeline through the preheating return pipeline. The second outlet port of the first control valve is communicated with the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline of the second regulating unit.

[0020] A first temperature sensor is arranged at the second outlet port to obtain the temperature of the hydrogen output by the preheating device in real time and output a first temperature signal to the controller. The controller receives and responds to the first temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the first control valve.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the first temperature signal of the hydrogen heated by the preheating device is detected by the first temperature sensor. When the first temperature signal indicates that the current hydrogen temperature is appropriate and the subsequent equipment can process it, the controller opens the second outlet port of the first control valve and closes the first outlet port, so that the hydrogen with appropriate temperature enters the second regulating unit for subsequent processing. When the first temperature signal indicates that the current hydrogen temperature is too high and the subsequent equipment cannot process it, the controller opens the first outlet port of the first control valve and closes the second outlet port, and uses the preheating return pipeline to send the hydrogen with too high temperature back to the front end of the preheating device for reheating until the temperature meets the set value. Through the above settings, the temperature of the hydrogen output by the first regulating unit is relatively constant, and the subsequent second regulating unit can adjust it to the temperature of the product hydrogen.

[0022] Preferably, the output unit includes an output pipeline, and a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen refueling station is arranged in the output pipeline. The second temperature sensor outputs a second temperature signal to the controller.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the second temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen refueling station in real time and output a second temperature signal to the controller. By detecting the temperature of the output hydrogen in real time, the working states of the front-end first regulating unit and the second regulating unit can be feedback-adjusted to ensure that the hydrogen output by the hydrogen refueling station is at a constant temperature and pressure.

[0024] Preferably, the high-temperature pipeline of the second regulating unit includes a plurality of cooling outlets, and the plurality of cooling outlets are arranged on the high-temperature pipeline along the length direction of the high-temperature pipeline;

[0025] A second control valve is arranged at each of the plurality of cooling outlets. The plurality of second control valves are respectively communicated with the output unit and respond to the control signal output by the controller.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the controller can control the heat exchange area of hydrogen by controlling the opening and closing of different second control valves. When the second control valve farther from the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline is opened, the heat exchange area of hydrogen is larger, the heat exchange path is longer, and the hydrogen cools down more. When the second control valve closer to the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline is opened, the heat exchange area of hydrogen is smaller, the heat exchange path is shorter, and the hydrogen cools down less. By detecting the hydrogen temperature at the output end of the hydrogen refueling station and feedback-controlling the opening of different second control valves, the temperature of the output hydrogen can be adjusted within a certain range, with convenient adjustment and fast response speed.

[0027] Preferably, the output unit further includes a reflux gas mixing tank. The intake port of the reflux gas mixing tank is connected to the output pipeline, and the outlet of the reflux gas mixing tank is connected to the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline of the second adjustment unit.

[0028] A third control valve is provided at the connection between the reflux gas mixing tank and the output pipeline. The third control valve is connected to the controller for control, and receives and responds to the control signal output by the controller.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the temperature difference between the output hydrogen detected at the output end of the hydrogen refueling station and the set temperature is too large, and the output hydrogen cannot reach the set temperature by adjusting the heat exchange path of the second adjustment unit, the third control valve is controlled to make the hydrogen with unqualified temperature flow back to the front end to be mixed with the hydrogen to be processed.

[0030] Preferably, the submersible pump is configured as a low-pressure submersible pump.

[0031] Traditional liquid hydrogen storage and transportation type hydrogen refueling stations use the normal temperature gas and ultra-low temperature high-pressure gas of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers for real-time mixing and refueling. The temperature control accuracy of hydrogen before refueling is low, the system control requirements are high, and the requirements for the configuration of submersible pumps are high. By adopting the above technical solution, the requirements for the configuration of submersible pumps in the hydrogen refueling station are reduced, and the traditional high-pressure submersible pump is replaced with a low-pressure submersible pump. On the one hand, the cost and technical requirements are saved. On the other hand, the hydrogen refueling rate of the hydrogen refueling station is no longer limited by the displacement of the submersible pump, and the hydrogen refueling capacity of the hydrogen refueling station is improved.

[0032] Preferably, the controller includes a control module and a data processing module;

[0033] The data processing module receives the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal, judges the hydrogen temperature state based on the set algorithm, and outputs a temperature state signal to the control module;

[0034] The control module is connected to the first control valve, the second control valve, and the third control valve for control, and is signal-connected to the data processing module for controlling the temperature of the output product hydrogen.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the data processing module receives the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal, compares them with the set value, and outputs the comparison result to the control module. The control module controls the on-off states of the first control valve, the second control valve, and the third control valve, and precisely controls the temperature of the output hydrogen through the first and second adjustment units. The whole process has strong anti-interference ability, high adjustment accuracy, and fast response.

[0036] A hydrogen refueling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, based on a hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation. The hydrogen refueling station includes an input adjustment unit for roughly adjusting the temperature of the front-end hydrogen and an output adjustment unit for precisely adjusting the temperature of the rear-end hydrogen; the method includes the following steps:

[0037] Set and store the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range;

[0038] Collect and obtain the hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen filling rate information in real time;

[0039] Based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjust the working states of the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit;

[0040] Based on the hydrogen filling rate information, adjust the working states of the submersible pump and the compressor.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the raw material gas is transported by the submersible pump. After the rough adjustment of the front-end hydrogen temperature by the input adjustment unit and the precise adjustment of the rear-end hydrogen temperature by the output adjustment unit, for the gas with an unqualified reflux temperature, the simultaneous control of the hydrogen flow rate and temperature of the external output can be achieved, and the hydrogen filling rate can be adjusted according to the rear-end requirements.

[0042] Preferably, the hydrogen temperature signal includes an input hydrogen temperature signal representing the hydrogen temperature input to the compression device and an output hydrogen temperature signal representing the hydrogen temperature output from the compression device.

[0043] By adopting the above technical solution, the hydrogen temperature is detected in time after the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit, which is convenient for subsequent corresponding processing to adjust the hydrogen temperature.

[0044] Preferably, based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjusting the working states of the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit includes:

[0045] Divide the input hydrogen into qualified input hydrogen and unqualified input hydrogen according to whether the input hydrogen temperature signal belongs to the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range;

[0046] If it is qualified input hydrogen, then perform subsequent hydrogen temperature and rate adjustment;

[0047] If the input hydrogen is unqualified, return the unqualified input hydrogen to the input regulation unit.

[0048] By adopting the above technical solution, the temperature of hydrogen is stabilized within the range that the output regulation unit can handle, offsetting the influence brought by the temperature fluctuation of the front-end raw material and the air temperature.

[0049] Preferably, based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjusting the working states of the input regulation unit and the output regulation unit includes:

[0050] Divide the input hydrogen into qualified output hydrogen, adjustable output hydrogen, and reflux output hydrogen according to the relationship between the output hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen output temperature range;

[0051] If it is qualified output hydrogen, output the qualified output hydrogen;

[0052] If it is adjustable output hydrogen, adjust the heat exchange area of hydrogen to adjust the output hydrogen temperature;

[0053] If it is reflux output hydrogen, return it before the output regulation unit to adjust the output hydrogen temperature.

[0054] By adopting the above technical solution, the unqualified output hydrogen is adjusted and processed, always ensuring that the output pressure and temperature of the hydrogen refueling station meet the standard product hydrogen. Different treatments are carried out for the temperature of unqualified hydrogen, with stronger pertinence, more convenient adjustment, and higher control accuracy of the output hydrogen temperature.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0056] (1) Since the temperature of compressed hydrogen will rise, and the temperature is generally higher than the temperature of the product hydrogen output by the hydrogen refueling station, the cold energy of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen at the front end of the hydrogen refueling station is used to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen after compression and temperature rise. Without the need to equip heating equipment and while equipping refrigeration equipment, compared with a conventional hydrogen refueling station, there is no need to set up a pre-cooling device for the hydrogen dispenser and a large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage device. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the number of equipment and the floor area of the hydrogen refueling station, reduces the failure rate of the system, and improves the hydrogen refueling capacity. On the other hand, it reduces the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station, effectively utilizes the energy of liquid hydrogen itself. At the same time, there is no need to store a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen, reducing the safety hazards of the hydrogen refueling station;

[0057] (2) Control and adjust the temperature of hydrogen through two links of the first regulation unit and the second regulation unit. The control accuracy of the hydrogen filling temperature and flow rate is high, the control system is simple, and it ensures that the temperature and pressure of the output product hydrogen meet the standards;

[0058] (3) By utilizing the cold energy of ultra-low temperature hydrogen to cool the oil circuit and the unit in the compression unit whose temperature rises due to continuous work, the cold energy of hydrogen is effectively utilized, eliminating the need to additionally set up water-cooling equipment for the compression unit, reducing the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station. On the other hand, the equipment in the hydrogen refueling station is reduced;

[0059] (4) By replacing the traditional high-pressure submersible pump with a low-pressure submersible pump, the configuration requirements for the submersible pump in the hydrogen refueling station are reduced. On the one hand, costs and technical requirements are saved. On the other hand, the hydrogen refueling rate of the hydrogen refueling station is no longer limited by the displacement of the submersible pump, enhancing the hydrogen refueling capacity of the hydrogen refueling station. Description of the Drawings

[0060] Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the hydrogen refueling station of this application;

[0061] Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the second adjustment unit of the hydrogen refueling station of this application;

[0062] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the steps of the hydrogen refueling method of this application;

[0063] Figure 4 is the partial process schematic diagram of the hydrogen refueling method of this application;

[0064] Figure 5 is the partial process schematic diagram of the hydrogen refueling method of this application.

[0065] Reference numerals: 11, hydrogen storage tank; 12, submersible pump; 2, first adjustment unit; 21, preheating device; 22, preheating hydrogen pipeline; 23, first heat exchange pipeline; 24, preheating return pipeline; 25, first temperature sensor; 26, first control valve; 3, compression unit; 31, compression device; 32, oil circuit heat exchange component; 4, second adjustment unit; 41, low-temperature pipeline; 42, high-temperature pipeline; 43, second control valve; 44, cooling outlet; 5, output unit; 51, output pipeline; 52, second temperature sensor; 53, return gas mixing tank; 54, third control valve; 6, controller. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0066] The following further elaborates on this application in conjunction with the embodiments and the drawings, but the implementation manners of this application are not limited thereto.

[0067] This application Figure 1 In the figure, solid lines represent pipelines where ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen is located, sparse dashed lines represent pipelines where low-temperature and low-pressure hydrogen is located, dotted horizontal lines represent pipelines where high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is located, and dense dashed lines represent pipelines where low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is located.

[0068] As Figure 1-2As shown in the figure, a hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation includes a hydrogen storage tank 11 for storing liquid hydrogen and a submersible pump 12. It also includes a first adjustment unit 2 for roughly adjusting the temperature of hydrogen, a compression unit 3 for compressing hydrogen, a second adjustment unit 4 for roughly adjusting the temperature of hydrogen, an output unit 5 for outputting hydrogen with a set temperature and pressure, and a controller 6 for coordinating and controlling the operation of each unit. Among them, each unit is connected by pipelines, and the second adjustment unit 4 uses the cold energy of the low-temperature hydrogen at the front end of the hydrogen refueling station to cool the hydrogen heated up after compression. Compared with a conventional hydrogen refueling station, there is no need to set up a pre-cooling device for the hydrogen dispenser and a large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage device. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the number of devices and the floor area of the hydrogen refueling station, reduces the failure rate of the system, and improves the hydrogen refueling capacity. On the other hand, it reduces the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station and effectively utilizes the energy of liquid hydrogen itself.

[0069] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown in the figure, an off-site liquid hydrogen tanker transports liquid hydrogen into the station and stores it in the hydrogen storage tank 11. The submersible pump 12 pressurizes and vaporizes the liquid hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 11, and outputs ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen.

[0070] The first adjustment unit 2 includes a preheating device 21. The preheating device 21 includes a preheating hydrogen pipeline 22. The inlet of the preheating hydrogen pipeline 22 is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump 12, and ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen output by the submersible pump 12 flows inside. A first heat exchange pipeline 23 is arranged outside the preheating hydrogen pipeline 22, which can be specifically arranged as a coil pipe to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange effect. The first heat exchange pipeline 23 is connected to an external heat exchange device, and a heat exchange medium flows inside. In the embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange medium is configured as hot oil, which can preheat the ultra-low temperature hydrogen flowing in the preheating hydrogen pipeline 22, perform preliminary and rough temperature adjustment, ensure that the temperature of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen after vaporization is within the temperature range that subsequent units can handle, and maintain the stability of the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen entering the back end of the hydrogen refueling station, offsetting the influence brought by the temperature fluctuation of the front-end raw materials and the ambient temperature.

[0071] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a first control valve 26 is connected to the outlet of the preheating device 21, which is used to control the flow direction of the hydrogen gas adjusted by the preheating device 21. The first control valve 26 is configured as a three-way valve. One intake port of the first control valve 26 is connected to the outlet of the preheating hydrogen gas pipeline 22. The first outlet port of the first control valve 26 is connected to the intake port of the preheating hydrogen gas pipeline 22 through the preheating return pipeline 24. The second outlet port of the first control valve 26 is connected to the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline 41 of the second adjustment unit 4. A first temperature sensor 25 is provided at the second outlet port to obtain the temperature of the hydrogen gas output by the preheating device 21 in real time and output a first temperature signal to the controller 6. The controller 6 receives and responds to the first temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the first control valve 26.

[0072] When the first temperature signal indicates that the current hydrogen gas temperature is appropriate and the subsequent equipment can process it, the controller 6 opens the second outlet port of the first control valve 26 and closes the first outlet port, so that the hydrogen gas with appropriate temperature enters the second adjustment unit 4 for subsequent processing. When the first temperature signal indicates that the current hydrogen gas temperature is too high and the subsequent equipment cannot process it, the controller 6 opens the first outlet port of the first control valve 26 and closes the second outlet port, and uses the preheating return pipeline 24 to send the hydrogen gas with too high temperature back to the front end of the preheating device 21 for heating again until the temperature meets the set value. Through the above temperature feedback adjustment, the temperature of the hydrogen gas output by the first adjustment unit 2 is relatively constant, and the subsequent second adjustment unit 4 can adjust it to the set temperature of the product hydrogen gas.

[0073] The controller 6 is also connected to the external heat exchange equipment for control. When the first temperature signal indicates that the current hydrogen gas temperature is inappropriate, the flow rate of the heat exchange water in the first heat exchange pipeline 23 can also be adjusted by adjusting the power of the external heat exchange equipment, thereby adjusting the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the preheating hydrogen gas pipeline 22.

[0074] As Figure 1 shown in the figure, the compression unit 3 includes a compression device 31 for pressurizing hydrogen gas, and the low-pressure hydrogen gas is compressed into hydrogen gas with a set pressure by the compression device 31.

[0075] The compression device 31 is configured as a hydrogen gas compressor, including a compression motor, a gearbox, and an oil tank. During the process of the compression device 31 compressing hydrogen gas, on the one hand, the increase in the pressure of hydrogen gas will lead to an increase in the intermolecular thermal motion, and thus the temperature of hydrogen gas will rise. On the other hand, the power oil and lubricating oil of the compression device 31 will continuously increase in temperature due to the continuous operation of the compression device 31. Therefore, the hydrogen gas compressed to a high-pressure state and the power oil and lubricating oil need to be cooled.

[0076] In order to maximize the utilization of the cold energy of the hydrogen at the front end of the hydrogen refueling station and reduce the energy consumption of the entire hydrogen refueling station, in the embodiments of the present application, an oil circuit heat exchange assembly 32 and a second adjustment unit 4 are provided to cool the hydrogen in a high-pressure state and the oil circuit respectively by using the ultra-low temperature hydrogen at the front end.

[0077] Specifically, as Figure 1-2 shown, the second adjustment unit 4 includes a low-temperature pipeline 41 and a high-temperature pipeline 42. The intake port of the low-temperature pipeline 41 is communicated with the second outlet port of the first control valve 26, and the ultra-low temperature hydrogen that has been pre-heated and roughly adjusted in temperature flows into the low-temperature pipeline 41. The intake port of the high-temperature pipeline 42 is communicated with the outlet port of the compressor, and the outlet port is communicated with the output unit 5. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen after being compressed and heated flows into the high-temperature pipeline 42 from the compressor. Since there is a heat exchange interface between the high-temperature pipeline 42 and the low-temperature pipeline 41, the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen in the high-temperature pipeline 42 is cooled by the ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen in the low-temperature pipeline 41 and is cooled into low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen that meets the output requirements.

[0078] The oil circuit heat exchange assembly 32 includes an oil pipeline for the power oil and lubricating oil of the compression device 31 to circulate, and a hydrogen cooling pipeline arranged in an alternating manner with the oil pipeline. As long as the compression device 31 compresses hydrogen, ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen flows into the compressor. The intake port of the hydrogen cooling pipeline is communicated with the outlet port of the low-temperature pipeline 41. The pre-treated ultra-low temperature hydrogen first cools the high-temperature hydrogen, and then flows into the hydrogen cooling pipeline to cool the high-temperature power oil and lubricating oil to be cooled, and then enters the gas inlet of the compressor for pressurization, flows into the high-temperature pipeline 42 to be cooled, and finally is output from the output unit 5.

[0079] Through the above settings, the cold energy of the ultra-low temperature hydrogen after gasification is fully utilized. Compared with traditional hydrogen refueling stations, there is no need to additionally set up equipment such as compressor water chillers and hydrogen dispenser pre-cooling equipment. On the one hand, the floor area of the hydrogen refueling station is reduced, the problems of excessive energy consumption and excessive equipment investment cost of existing hydrogen refueling stations are solved, the failure rate of the hydrogen refueling station system is reduced, and the maintenance cost is saved. At the same time, due to the above settings, the submersible pump 12 in the embodiments of the present application can be replaced from a traditional high-pressure submersible pump 12 with a lower-cost and lower technical requirement low-pressure submersible pump 12, and a large-capacity high-pressure hydrogen storage device is cancelled in the station, and a large amount of high-pressure hydrogen does not need to be stored in the station, eliminating the safety hazards brought by storing high-pressure hydrogen. The hydrogen refueling capacity of traditional hydrogen refueling stations mainly depends on the configuration of high-pressure hydrogen storage containers and the displacement of the submersible pump 12. Through the above settings, the hydrogen refueling capacity of the hydrogen refueling station is also improved.

[0080] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, in order to precisely control the temperature of the product hydrogen gas output by the output unit 5, the output unit 5 includes an output pipeline 51 and a reflux mixing tank 53 connected to the output pipeline 51. When the temperature of the output product hydrogen gas is unqualified, the unqualified hydrogen gas is introduced into the front end of the hydrogen refueling station through the reflux mixing tank 53 for temperature regulation again. A plurality of cooling outlets 44 are also provided on the high-temperature pipeline 42 of the second regulating unit 4, which is convenient for regulating the temperature of the output product hydrogen gas.

[0081] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown in the figure, a plurality of cooling outlets 44 are provided along the length direction of the high-temperature pipeline 42. Second control valves 43 are provided at the plurality of cooling outlets 44. The plurality of second control valves 43 are respectively connected to the output pipeline 51 of the output unit 5. A second temperature sensor 52 is provided in the output pipeline 51 to detect the temperature of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen gas in the output pipeline 51 in real time. The second temperature sensor 52 is signal-connected to the controller 6 and outputs a second temperature signal to the controller 6. The plurality of second control valves 43 are all connected to the controller 6 for control and open and close in response to the control signal output by the controller 6.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling outlet 44 is set to two, namely a primary cooling outlet 44 with a shorter cooling path and a secondary cooling outlet 44 with a longer cooling path. When the controller 6 detects that the output hydrogen gas temperature is too low, it outputs a control signal to the two second control valves 43 to open the primary cooling outlet 44 with a shorter cooling path, shortening the cooling path of the hydrogen gas and reducing the heat exchange area. On the contrary, when the output hydrogen gas temperature is too high, the hydrogen gas flows out from the secondary cooling outlet 44, increasing the heat exchange area, and adjusting the temperature of the output hydrogen gas in real time and simply.

[0083] A third control valve 54 is provided at the connection between the output pipeline 51 and the reflux mixing tank 53, configured as a three-way solenoid valve and connected to the controller 6 for control. When the controller 6 detects that the deviation between the second temperature signal and the set value is too large and the temperature cannot be made to conform to the set range through a limited number of second control valves 43, at this time, the hydrogen gas with too large a temperature deviation needs to be refluxed to the front end to participate in the temperature regulation again.

[0084] Through the dual feedback control of the second regulating unit 4 and the output unit 5, the temperature of the output product hydrogen gas conforms to the setting, and the output rate is stable.

[0085] In this application, the controller 6 can be configured as a single-chip microcomputer or a PLC module, and is also equipped with an internal memory for storing the set temperature and pressure data. The controller 6 includes a control module and a data processing module. The data processing module receives the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal, judges the hydrogen temperature state based on a set algorithm, and outputs a temperature state signal to the control module. Among them, the set algorithm will be described in detail below. The control module is connected to the first control valve 26, the second control valve 43, and the third control valve 54 for control, and is signal-connected to the data processing module for controlling the temperature of the output product hydrogen.

[0086] Hydrogen state change process of the embodiment of this application:

[0087] Liquid hydrogen is converted into ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen through the submersible pump 12. The ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen remains ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen after passing through the preheating hydrogen pipeline 22 of the first regulating unit 2 and the low-temperature pipeline 41 of the second regulating unit 4. The ultra-low temperature and low-pressure hydrogen is converted into low-temperature and low-pressure hydrogen through the hydrogen cooling pipeline of the compression unit 3. The low-temperature and low-pressure hydrogen is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen through the compressor. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is cooled into low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen through the high-temperature pipeline 42 of the second regulating unit 4, and finally outputs low-temperature and high-pressure product hydrogen.

[0088] A hydrogen filling method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, as Figure 3 shown, based on a hydrogen filling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation. The hydrogen filling station includes an input regulating unit for roughly adjusting the front-end hydrogen temperature and an output regulating unit for precisely adjusting the back-end hydrogen temperature. The hydrogen filling method mainly includes the following steps:

[0089] S100. Set and store the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range. Among them, the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range refers to the hydrogen temperature range that the output regulating unit of the hydrogen filling station can process, and the hydrogen output temperature range refers to the temperature range that meets the regulations output by the hydrogen filling station.

[0090] S200. Real-time collect and obtain the hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen filling rate information.

[0091] The hydrogen temperature signal includes an input hydrogen temperature signal representing the output of the input regulating unit and an output hydrogen temperature signal representing the output of the output regulating unit.

[0092] S300. Based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjust the working states of the input regulating unit and the output regulating unit.

[0093] As Figure 4-5 shown, step 300 further includes the following steps:

[0094] S301. Divide the input hydrogen into qualified input hydrogen and unqualified input hydrogen according to whether the input hydrogen temperature signal belongs to the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range. If it is qualified input hydrogen, perform subsequent hydrogen temperature and rate adjustment. If it is unqualified input hydrogen, return the unqualified input hydrogen to the input adjustment unit.

[0095] S302. Divide the input hydrogen into qualified output hydrogen, adjustable output hydrogen, and reflux output hydrogen according to the relationship between the output hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen output temperature range. If it is qualified output hydrogen, output the qualified output hydrogen. Both adjustable output hydrogen and reflux output hydrogen are unqualified output hydrogen. Divide them into adjustable output hydrogen and reflux output hydrogen by judging whether the output unit can adjust them to qualified output hydrogen. If it is adjustable output hydrogen, adjust the hydrogen heat exchange area to adjust the output hydrogen temperature. If it is reflux output hydrogen, return it before the output adjustment unit to adjust the output hydrogen temperature.

[0096] S400. Based on the hydrogen filling rate information, adjust the working states of the submersible pump 12 and the compressor.

[0097] Through the above adjustment feedback, the hydrogen refueling station can output hydrogen with temperature and pressure meeting the standards, and it is convenient to control the hydrogen filling rate, with a fast response speed. The whole system has strong independence and is not easily interfered by the outside world.

[0098] The above is only the preferred implementation mode of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions within the idea of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present application should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, comprising a hydrogen storage tank (11) for storing liquid hydrogen and a submersible pump (12) for pressurizing and gasifying the liquid hydrogen, characterized in that, It further includes: A first regulating unit (2), including a preheating device (21) for roughly regulating the temperature of the vaporized liquid hydrogen; A compression unit (3), including a compression device (31) for compressing low-pressure hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen; A second regulating unit (4), disposed between the first regulating unit (2) and the compression unit (3), including a low-temperature pipeline (41) connected to the outlet of the preheating device (21) and a high-temperature pipeline (42) connected to the outlet of the compression device (31). The low-temperature pipeline (41) and the high-temperature pipeline (42) are arranged adjacent to each other, and the temperature of the compressed hydrogen is precisely regulated by using the heat difference between the low-pressure hydrogen in the low-temperature pipeline (41) and the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-temperature pipeline (42); An output unit (5), connected to the outlet of the second regulating unit (4), for outputting product hydrogen with a constant temperature and pressure; A controller (6), controllably connected to each unit, and controlling the hydrogen filling rate by controlling the operating states of the submersible pump (12) and the compression device (31); A first control valve (26) is connected and arranged at the outlet of the preheating device (21). The first control valve (26) is configured as a three-way valve. One intake port of the first control valve (26) is connected to the outlet of the preheating hydrogen pipeline (22), the first outlet port of the first control valve (26) is connected to the intake port of the preheating hydrogen pipeline (22) through a preheating return pipeline (24), and the second outlet port of the first control valve (26) is connected to the intake port of the low-temperature pipeline (41) of the second regulating unit (4); A first temperature sensor (25) is arranged at the second outlet port, for real-time acquisition of the temperature of the hydrogen output by the preheating device (21) and outputting a first temperature signal to the controller (6). The controller (6) receives and responds to the first temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the first control valve (26).

2. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 1, wherein The compression unit (3) further includes an oil circuit heat exchange assembly (32). The oil circuit heat exchange assembly (32) includes an oil pipeline for the power oil and lubricating oil of the compression device (31) to circulate, and a hydrogen cooling pipeline arranged in an intersecting manner with the oil pipeline. The intake port of the hydrogen cooling pipeline is connected to the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline (41), and the outlet port of the hydrogen cooling pipeline is connected to the intake port of the compression device (31).

3. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that The preheating device (21) includes a preheating hydrogen pipeline (22). The intake port of the preheating hydrogen pipeline (22) is connected to the outlet of the submersible pump (12). A first heat exchange pipeline (23) is arranged outside the preheating hydrogen pipeline (22), and the first heat exchange pipeline (23) is connected to an external heat exchange device for preheating the ultra-low temperature hydrogen flowing in the preheating hydrogen pipeline (22).

4. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that The output unit (5) includes an output pipeline (51). A second temperature sensor (52) for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen filling station is arranged in the output pipeline (51). The second temperature sensor (52) outputs a second temperature signal to the controller (6).

5. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-temperature pipeline (42) of the second adjustment unit (4) includes a plurality of cooling outlets (44), and the plurality of cooling outlets (44) are arranged on the high-temperature pipeline (42) along the length direction of the high-temperature pipeline (42); A second control valve (43) is provided at each of the plurality of cooling outlets (44), and the plurality of second control valves (43) are respectively communicated with the output unit (5) and respond to the control signal output by the controller (6).

6. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that The output unit (5) further includes a reflux mixing gas tank (53). The air inlet of the reflux mixing gas tank (53) is communicated with the output pipeline (51), and the air outlet of the reflux mixing gas tank (53) is communicated with the air inlet of the low-temperature pipeline (41) of the second adjustment unit (4); A third control valve (54) is provided at the connection between the reflux mixing gas tank (53) and the output pipeline (51). The third control valve (54) is connected to the controller (6) for control, and receives and responds to the control signal output by the controller (6).

7. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The submersible pump (12) is configured as a low-pressure submersible pump (12).

8. The hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller (6) includes a control module and a data processing module; The data processing module receives the first temperature signal and the second temperature signal, judges the hydrogen temperature state based on a set algorithm, and outputs a temperature state signal to the control module; The control module is connected to the first control valve (26), the second control valve (43) and the third control valve (54) for control, and is signal-connected to the data processing module, and is used to control the temperature of the output product hydrogen.

9. A hydrogenation method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, characterized in that, Based on the hydrogen refueling station based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to any one of claims 1-8, the hydrogen refueling station includes an input adjustment unit for roughly adjusting the hydrogen temperature at the front end and an output adjustment unit for finely adjusting the hydrogen temperature at the rear end; comprising the following steps: Set and store the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range; Real-time collect and obtain the hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen filling rate information; Based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjust the working states of the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit; Based on the hydrogen filling rate information, adjust the working states of the submersible pump (12) and the compressor.

10. The hydrogenation method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The hydrogen temperature signal includes an input hydrogen temperature signal characterizing the hydrogen temperature of the input compression device (31) and an output hydrogen temperature signal characterizing the hydrogen temperature output by the compression device (31).

11. The hydrogenation method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 10, wherein, Based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjusting the working states of the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit includes: Dividing the input hydrogen into qualified input hydrogen and unqualified input hydrogen according to whether the input hydrogen temperature signal belongs to the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range; If it is qualified input hydrogen, perform subsequent hydrogen temperature and rate adjustment; If it is unqualified input hydrogen, return the unqualified input hydrogen to the input adjustment unit.

12. The hydrogenation method based on liquid hydrogen storage and transportation according to claim 10, wherein Based on the hydrogen pretreatment temperature range and the hydrogen output temperature range, adjusting the working states of the input adjustment unit and the output adjustment unit includes: The input hydrogen is divided into qualified output hydrogen, adjustable output hydrogen, and reflux output hydrogen according to the relationship between the output hydrogen temperature signal and the hydrogen output temperature range; If it is qualified output hydrogen, then output the qualified output hydrogen; If it is adjustable output hydrogen, then adjust the hydrogen heat exchange area to adjust the output hydrogen temperature; If it is reflux output hydrogen, then return it before the output adjustment unit to adjust the output hydrogen temperature.

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