Fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system and method, which comprises a fuel cell, three circuits arranged between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, namely a heat exchange circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit and a refrigeration circuit; a cold and warm air supply assembly is internally sequentially provided with a fan, a refrigeration heat exchanger and a warm air core body from an air inlet end to an air outlet end; an absorption refrigeration unit is arranged on the refrigeration circuit and is in communication with the refrigeration heat exchanger; the warm air core body is located on the waste heat recovery circuit; and the air outlet end of the cold and warm air supply assembly is connected with multiple air outlets through an air outlet pipeline. The application performs integrated thermal management on the fuel cell, lithium battery, motor and air conditioning system and the like, a part of waste heat of the fuel cell enters the absorption refrigeration unit and is used for refrigeration in summer; and the waste heat of the fuel cell heats outside air in winter, thereby meeting the demand of cabin heating or heat preservation in winter.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of thermal management, in particular to a fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the enhancement of the awareness of marine and inland river environmental protection in the world, the environmental pollution problem caused by the shipping industry is increasingly becoming the focus of international attention. Diesel engine as the main power of the ship, the pollutant emissions caused by it are subject to increasingly stringent restrictions. The World Maritime Organization has made clear requirements for CO2, NOx, SOx and other emissions of ocean-going ships. In this background, it is of great significance to develop clean and efficient green ships. Hydrogen energy is considered as the most potential clean energy in the 21st century, and hydrogen fuel cell system as the power device of the ship has good application prospect.

[0003] At present, hydrogen fuel cell ships are mainly small ships in inland rivers or coastal areas. The fuel cell system generally adopts independent water cooling, the lithium battery system mostly adopts air cooling, and the cabin air conditioning system generally also adopts independent air conditioning. There is a lack of integration between modules, and the overall energy efficiency of the ship is low. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system and method, which integrates the thermal management of fuel cells, lithium batteries, motors and air conditioning systems, and improves the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0005] Therefore, the technical scheme of the present application is: a fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system, comprising a fuel cell, three circuits are arranged between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, which are a heat exchange circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit and a refrigeration circuit; further comprising a first water-cooled plate radiator, an absorption refrigeration unit and a cold and warm air supply assembly, the cold and warm air supply assembly is sequentially provided with a fan, a refrigeration heat exchanger and a warm air core body from the air inlet end to the air outlet end; the first water-cooled plate radiator is arranged on the heat exchange circuit, the absorption refrigeration unit is arranged on the refrigeration circuit, and the absorption refrigeration unit is in communication with the refrigeration heat exchanger; the warm air core body is located on the waste heat recovery circuit; the air outlet end of the cold and warm air supply assembly is connected to a plurality of air outlets through an air outlet pipeline.

[0006] The application can be provided with multiple groups of fuel cells, a fuel cell water pump is arranged at the outlet of each group of fuel cells, and is used for driving high-temperature water for cooling the fuel cells, the high-temperature water flows into three circuits respectively, the high-temperature water flows into a heat exchange circuit, is cooled by a first water-cooled plate radiator, and then low-temperature water flows back into the fuel cells; the high-temperature water flows into a waste heat recovery circuit, the temperature of a warm air core body is increased, when the fan works and inhales air, the air is heated by the warm air core body, and hot air can be provided to a lithium battery compartment, a cockpit, a living cabin and other cabins to realize the temperature increasing function; the high-temperature water flows into a refrigeration circuit, and an absorption refrigeration unit provides circulating cold water to a refrigeration heat exchanger under the action of the high-temperature water, when the fan works and inhales air, the air is cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger, and cold air can be provided to the lithium battery compartment, the cockpit, the living cabin and other cabins to realize the temperature decreasing function.

[0007] Preferably, a heat storage circuit is further arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell, and a phase change heat storage unit is arranged on the heat storage circuit, and the phase change heat storage unit is used for fuel cell cold start preheating. The phase change heat storage unit can store excess heat during the discharge of the fuel cell, and preheat the fuel cell for cold start at low temperature.

[0008] Preferably, the phase change heat storage unit is internally provided with a PTC heating module. The phase change heat storage unit has a temperature threshold, but when the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the temperature threshold, the PTC heating module is needed to assist preheating.

[0009] Preferably, the heat exchange channel of the first water-cooled plate radiator is connected with the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell, and the cooling channel is connected with an external water source through a main cooling water pump. The first water-cooled plate radiator mainly draws seawater or river water from the outside through the main cooling water pump to cool the high-temperature water of the fuel cell, and has higher heat transfer efficiency.

[0010] Preferably, the second water-cooled plate radiator is further arranged, the cooling channel of the second water-cooled plate radiator is connected with the main cooling water pump together with the cooling channel of the first water-cooled plate radiator, and the heat exchange channel of the second water-cooled plate radiator is connected with a motor system and a DCDC converter. The motor system and the DCDC converter in the ship are cooled separately by the second water-cooled plate radiator, the second water-cooled plate radiator also draws seawater or river water from the outside through the main cooling water pump, and shares the main cooling water pump with the fuel cell, so that the equipment cost is reduced.

[0011] Preferably, a first control valve is arranged on the waste heat recovery circuit, and a second control valve is arranged on the refrigeration circuit, the first control valve and the second control valve can be opened and closed according to the use requirement, and the flow of the corresponding circuit and the opening and closing of the corresponding circuit are realized.

[0012] Preferably, the fuel cell is connected with the waste heat recovery circuit and the refrigeration circuit through a three-way valve, and the three-way valve controls the flow and the opening and closing of the waste heat recovery circuit and the refrigeration circuit.

[0013] Preferably, a cold water circulating pump is arranged between the absorption refrigeration unit and the refrigeration heat exchanger.

[0014] Another technical solution of the application is a fuel cell ship integrated thermal management method, including a refrigeration mode, a heating mode and a dehumidification mode.

[0015] 1) Refrigeration mode:

[0016] 1.1) Close the first control valve on the waste heat recovery circuit, open the second control valve on the refrigeration circuit, and start the absorption refrigeration unit.

[0017] 1.2) Hot water from the fuel cell is sent to the absorption refrigeration unit, the absorption refrigeration unit supplies cold water to the refrigeration heat exchanger, and the fan inhales external air, which is cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger and then blown out from the air outlets.

[0018] 2) Heating mode:

[0019] 2.1) Open the first control valve on the waste heat recovery circuit, close the second control valve on the refrigeration circuit, and stop the absorption refrigeration unit.

[0020] 2.2) High-temperature water from the fuel cell is sent to the warm air core, and the fan inhales external air, which is heated by the warm air core and then blown out from the air outlets.

[0021] 3) Dehumidification mode:

[0022] 3.1) Open the first control valve and the second control valve at the same time, and start the absorption refrigeration unit.

[0023] 3.2) Hot water from the fuel cell is sent to the warm air core and the absorption refrigeration unit at the same time, and the absorption refrigeration unit supplies cold water to the refrigeration heat exchanger.

[0024] 3.3) The fan inhales external air, which is first cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger, and then heated by the warm air core to blow out dry warm air from the air outlets.

[0025] Preferably, there is also a fuel cell low-temperature starting mode, when the fuel cell temperature is greater than the temperature threshold, the heat stored in the phase change heat storage unit is used for fuel cell cold start preheating; when the fuel cell temperature is less than or equal to the temperature threshold, the PTC heating module starts to work together with the heat stored in the phase change heat storage unit to preheat the fuel cell for cold start.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. Integrated thermal management for fuel cell, lithium battery, motor and air conditioning system, part of the waste heat of fuel cell enters the absorption refrigerator unit to produce cold water, the outside air is cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger and used for lithium battery, bridge and other cabin cooling in summer;

[0028] 2. In winter, the waste heat of fuel cell is used to heat the outside air through the warm air core to meet the demand of winter heating or insulation of each cabin;

[0029] 3. Part of the waste heat of fuel cell is stored in the phase change heat storage unit, when the fuel cell is shut down, the phase change heat storage unit releases the stored heat for fuel cell cold start preheating;

[0030] 4. The excess waste heat of fuel cell is exchanged with seawater or river water through the first water-cooled plate radiator, and the motor and DC / DC converter use a separate cooling circuit to exchange heat with the second water-cooled plate radiator, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The following will be further described in detail in combination with the drawings and embodiments of the present application

[0032] Figure 1 The flowchart of the present application is shown.

[0033] In the figure, the marks are: fuel cell 1, fuel cell water pump 2, first water-cooled plate radiator 3, main cooling water pump 4, second water-cooled plate radiator 5, motor system 6, DCDC converter 7, motor / DCDC cooling water pump 8, fan 9, refrigeration heat exchanger 10, warm air core 11, first control valve 12, second control valve 13, absorption refrigerator unit 14, cold water circulating pump 15, lithium battery room 17, bridge cabin 18, living cabin 19, other cabin 20;

[0034] Heat exchange circuit S1, waste heat recovery circuit S2, refrigeration circuit S3, heat storage circuit S4;

[0035] ① Seawater / river water, ② high temperature water, ③ low temperature water, ④ circulating cold water, ⑤ air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that for the orientation words, such as the terms "center", "transverse (X)", "longitudinal (Y)", "vertical (Z)", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and cannot be understood as limiting the specific protection scope of the present application.

[0037] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Therefore, the "first", "second" features can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more features, and in the description of the present application, the meaning of "several", "several" is two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0038] Referring to the drawings. The fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system described in the embodiment comprises a fuel cell 1, four circuits are arranged between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, which are heat exchange circuit S1, waste heat recovery circuit S2, refrigeration circuit S3 and heat storage circuit S4. The fuel cell 1 can be provided with multiple groups, and a fuel cell water pump 2 is arranged at the outlet of each group of fuel cell 1. The fuel cell water pump 2 can drive high-temperature water for cooling the fuel cell, and the high-temperature water flows into each circuit respectively.

[0039] A first water-cooled plate radiator 3 is arranged on the heat exchange circuit S1, and the heat exchange channel of the first water-cooled plate radiator 3 is connected with the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell 1. The cooling channel is connected with external seawater and river water through a main cooling water pump 4, and the seawater and river water outside are used to cool the high-temperature water of the fuel cell 1. The low-temperature water after cooling flows back to the inlet of the fuel cell.

[0040] At the same time, the main cooling water pump 4 is also connected with a second water-cooled plate radiator 5, and the second water-cooled plate radiator shares the main cooling water pump 4 with the first water-cooled plate radiator 3. The heat exchange channel of the second water-cooled plate radiator 5 is connected with a motor system 6, a DCDC converter 7 and a motor / DCDC cooling water pump 8. The motor system and the DCDC converter in the ship are cooled separately by the second water-cooled plate radiator. The second water-cooled plate radiator also extracts seawater and river water outside through the main cooling water pump, and shares the main cooling water pump with the fuel cell, thereby reducing the equipment cost.

[0041] The waste heat recovery circuit S2 and the refrigeration circuit S3 are connected to a cold and warm air supply assembly, which comprises a shell, the two ends of the shell being an air inlet end and an air outlet end, and a fan 9, a refrigeration heat exchanger 10 and a warm air core 11 being arranged in the shell from the air inlet end to the air outlet end.

[0042] The waste heat recovery circuit S2 is provided with a first control valve 12, which can control the on-off of the waste heat recovery circuit, and the refrigeration circuit S3 is provided with a second control valve 13, which can control the on-off of the refrigeration circuit. The first control valve 12 and the second control valve 13 can be two independent control valves, or a three-way valve with one inlet and two outlets, to adjust the flow and on-off of the corresponding circuit.

[0043] The waste heat recovery circuit is connected to the warm air core 11, so that the waste heat of the fuel cell 1 can be sent to the warm air core 11, the high-temperature water flows into the waste heat recovery circuit, the temperature of the warm air core is raised, when the fan 9 works and inhales air, the air is heated by the warm air core 11, and the heated air can be provided to the lithium battery compartment 17, the cockpit 18, the living cabin 19 and other cabins 20, to realize the temperature rising function.

[0044] The refrigeration circuit is further provided with an absorption refrigeration unit 14, which is connected to the refrigeration heat exchanger 10 and is further provided with a cold water circulating pump 15 between the two. The high-temperature water flows into the refrigeration circuit S3, and the absorption refrigeration unit 14 provides circulating cold water to the refrigeration heat exchanger 10 under the action of the high-temperature water, when the fan 9 works and inhales air, the air is cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger 10, and the cooled air can be provided to the lithium battery compartment 17, the cockpit 18, the living cabin 19 and other cabins 20, to realize the temperature lowering function.

[0045] The heat storage circuit S4 is provided with a phase change heat storage unit 16, which is used for fuel cell cold start preheating. The phase change heat storage unit can store excess heat during the discharge of the fuel cell, and preheat the fuel cell for cold start at low temperature. The phase change heat storage unit 16 is provided with a PTC heating module inside. The phase change heat storage unit has a temperature threshold, but when the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the temperature threshold, the PTC heating module is needed to assist preheating.

[0046] The fuel cell ship integrated thermal management system described in the embodiment includes a refrigeration mode, a heating mode, a dehumidification mode and a battery low-temperature start mode.

[0047] 1) Refrigeration mode:

[0048] 1.1) Close the first control valve 12 on the waste heat recovery circuit S2, and open the second control valve 13 on the refrigeration circuit S3;

[0049] 1.2) High temperature water from fuel cell 1 enters refrigeration circuit S3, at this time absorption refrigeration unit 14 starts to work, absorption refrigeration unit 14 supplies cold water to refrigeration heat exchanger 10; high temperature water becomes low temperature water after passing through absorption refrigeration unit, and flows back to fuel cell 1;

[0050] 1.3) Fan 9 starts to work, inhales outside air, and blows out cold air to each air outlet after the outside air is cooled by refrigeration heat exchanger 10; provides cold energy for lithium battery room 17, cockpit 18, living cabin 19, and other cabins 20.

[0051] 2) Heating mode:

[0052] 2.1) Open first control valve 12 on waste heat recovery circuit S2, close second control valve 13 on refrigeration circuit S3, and stop absorption refrigeration unit 14 from working;

[0053] 2.2) High temperature water from fuel cell 1 is sent to warm air core 11, and low temperature water after heat exchange with air flows back to fuel cell 1;

[0054] 2.3) Fan 9 starts to work, inhales outside air, and blows out hot air to each air outlet after the outside air is heated by warm air core 11; provides heat for lithium battery room 17, cockpit 18, living cabin 19, and other cabins 20.

[0055] 3) Dehumidification mode:

[0056] 3.1) Open first control valve 12 on waste heat recovery circuit S2 and second control valve 13 on refrigeration circuit S3 at the same time;

[0057] 3.2) Part of high temperature water from fuel cell 1 enters refrigeration circuit S3, at this time absorption refrigeration unit 14 starts to work, absorption refrigeration unit 14 supplies cold water to refrigeration heat exchanger 10; another part of high temperature water from fuel cell is sent to warm air core 11;

[0058] 3.3) Fan 9 starts to work, inhales outside air, and blows out dry warm air to each air outlet after the outside air is first cooled by refrigeration heat exchanger 10, and then heated by warm air core 11, which plays a dehumidification function.

[0059] 4) Fuel cell low temperature start-up mode:

[0060] 4.1) When the temperature of fuel cell > temperature threshold value, the heat stored in phase change heat storage unit 16 is used for fuel cell cold start preheating; the temperature threshold value can be -5℃, and the temperature threshold value can be changed (can be increased or decreased) after changing the mass of phase change material;

[0061] 4.2) When the fuel cell temperature is ≤ temperature threshold, the PTC heating module is activated to pre-heat the fuel cell for cold start together with the heat stored in the phase change thermal storage unit.

[0062] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any technical scheme falling within the concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary skilled persons in the art, some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application shall also be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell vessel integrated thermal management system, characterized by: The application relates to a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell, three circuits arranged between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, namely a heat exchange circuit, a waste heat recovery circuit and a refrigeration circuit; a first water-cooled plate radiator, an absorption refrigeration unit and a cold and warm air supply assembly; the cold and warm air supply assembly is sequentially provided with a fan, a refrigeration heat exchanger and a warm air core body from an air inlet end to an air outlet end; the first water-cooled plate radiator is arranged on the heat exchange circuit, the absorption refrigeration unit is arranged on the refrigeration circuit, and the absorption refrigeration unit is communicated with the refrigeration heat exchanger; the warm air core body is arranged on the waste heat recovery circuit; the air outlet end of the cold and warm air supply assembly is connected with multiple air outlets through an air outlet pipeline. A heat storage circuit is further arranged between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, and a phase change heat storage unit is arranged on the heat storage circuit, which is used for fuel cell cold start preheating. The heat exchange channel of the first water-cooled plate radiator is connected with the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell, and the cooling channel is connected with an external water source through a main cooling water pump. A first control valve is arranged on the waste heat recovery circuit, and a second control valve is arranged on the refrigeration circuit. The fuel cell is connected with the waste heat recovery circuit and the refrigeration circuit through a three-way valve, and the three-way valve controls the flow and opening and closing of the waste heat recovery circuit and the refrigeration circuit. A cold water circulating pump is arranged between the absorption refrigeration unit and the refrigeration heat exchanger.

2. An integrated thermal management system for a fuel cell marine vessel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A PTC heating module is arranged in the phase change heat storage unit.

3. An integrated thermal management system for a fuel cell marine vessel as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: A second water-cooled plate radiator is further arranged, and the cooling channel of the second water-cooled plate radiator is connected with the main cooling water pump together with the cooling channel of the first water-cooled plate radiator; the heat exchange channel of the second water-cooled plate radiator is connected with a motor system and a DCDC converter.

4. A method of integrated thermal management of a fuel cell vessel comprising the thermal management system of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The system comprises a refrigeration mode, a heating mode and a dehumidification mode. 1) the refrigeration mode: 1.1) the first control valve on the waste heat recovery circuit is closed, the second control valve on the refrigeration circuit is opened, and the absorption refrigeration unit is started; 1.2) the high-temperature water of the fuel cell is sent into the absorption refrigeration unit, the absorption refrigeration unit supplies cold water to the refrigeration heat exchanger, the fan inhales external air, and the external air is blown out from the air outlets in the form of cold air after being cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger; 2) the heating mode: 2.1) the first control valve on the waste heat recovery circuit is opened, the second control valve on the refrigeration circuit is closed, and the absorption refrigeration unit stops working; 2.2) the high-temperature water of the fuel cell is sent into the warm air core body, the fan inhales external air, and the external air is blown out from the air outlets in the form of hot air after being heated by the warm air core body; 3) the dehumidification mode: 3.1) the first control valve and the second control valve are opened, and the absorption refrigeration unit is started; 3.2) the high-temperature water of the fuel cell is sent into the warm air core body and the absorption refrigeration unit, and the absorption refrigeration unit supplies cold water to the refrigeration heat exchanger; 3.3) the fan inhales external air, the external air is first cooled by the refrigeration heat exchanger, the moisture is condensed into water, and then the water is heated by the warm air core body, and the dry warm air is blown out from the air outlets.

5. A method of integrated thermal management of a fuel cell vessel as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that: The fuel cell low-temperature starting mode is also provided, when the fuel cell temperature is greater than a temperature threshold, the heat stored in the phase change heat storage unit is used for fuel cell cold starting preheating; when the fuel cell temperature is less than or equal to the temperature threshold, the PTC heating module is started, and the heat stored in the phase change heat storage unit is used for fuel cell cold starting preheating together.

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