Anchoring device, system and method for the combined support of a rock bolt and a profiled steel

Abstract

The application discloses a combined supporting device of anchor rod and section steel, which comprises a supporting section steel, a first arc-shaped plate, a second arc-shaped plate, a reinforcing anchor rod and a supporting anchor rod; the first arc-shaped plate is arranged directly above the second arc-shaped plate, the second arc-shaped plate is supported on the floor of a roadway through the supporting section steel, and a waist-shaped groove is formed on the second arc-shaped plate along the circumferential direction of the arc surface of the second arc-shaped plate; the upper end of the supporting anchor rod is fixed on the first arc-shaped plate, and the lower end of the supporting anchor rod slides in the waist-shaped groove along the circumference of the second arc-shaped plate; and the reinforcing anchor rod is arranged on the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate. The application further discloses a combined supporting system and a combined supporting method based on the combined supporting device of anchor rod and section steel. The combined supporting device of anchor rod and section steel has high shearing capacity and high bearing capacity, improves the roadway supporting strength, and improves the supporting capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel support technology. Specifically, it relates to a combined support device, system, and method of anchor bolts and steel profiles. Background Technology

[0002] In inclined coal seam fully mechanized longwall mining, the weight of the overlying strata is distributed into forces in multiple directions due to the surrounding rock environment. This often leads to deformation or breakage of the roadway roof. To maintain the roadway's cross-sectional dimensions and specifications and prevent dangerous deformation of the surrounding rock, various methods must be employed to maintain the roadway. Roadway support methods include timber supports, metal supports, bolt supports, and riprap concrete arches. Currently, U-shaped metal supports and bolt supports are the most commonly used. However, U-shaped supports are mostly point-contact supports, resulting in a small contact area between the metal supports and the roadway wall, limiting their load-bearing capacity. Bolt supports typically use solid bolts with poor shear resistance, making them prone to shear breakage during plastic deformation of the surrounding rock, leading to reduced anchoring effectiveness or failure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combined support device, combined support system and method of anchor bolt and steel section with high shear resistance and high load bearing capacity.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles includes supporting steel profiles, a first arc-shaped plate, a second arc-shaped plate, reinforcing anchor bolts, and supporting anchor bolts. The first arc-shaped plate is positioned directly above the second arc-shaped plate, which is supported on the roadway floor by the supporting steel profiles. The second arc-shaped plate has a waist-shaped groove extending circumferentially along its arc surface. The upper end of the supporting anchor bolt is fixed to the first arc-shaped plate, and the lower end of the supporting anchor bolt slides circumferentially within the waist-shaped groove of the second arc-shaped plate. The reinforcing anchor bolt is positioned on the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the waist-shaped groove extends vertically through the second arc-shaped plate, and the supporting anchor rod is provided with a first fastener abutting against the upper side of the second arc-shaped plate and a second fastener abutting against the lower side of the second arc-shaped plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the axial widths of the first and second arc-shaped plates are the same.

[0008] Furthermore, the number of reinforcing anchors is one or more, the extended square of the reinforcing anchors is parallel to the axial direction of the first arc-shaped plate, and the two ends of the reinforcing anchors are connected to the two axial ends of the first arc-shaped plate by fasteners.

[0009] Furthermore, the two ends of the reinforced anchor rod are welded with reinforced threaded heads; the fixing member includes a fixing ring welded to the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate and a reinforced fastening nut that matches the reinforced threaded head; the reinforced threaded head passes through the fixing ring and is threadedly connected to the reinforced fastening nut, and the two reinforced fastening nuts abut against the opposite sides of the fixing ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the supporting steel and the second arc-shaped steel are detachably connected by a connector.

[0011] A combined support system of anchor bolts and steel profiles includes the combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles as described in any of the preceding claims, hoisting anchor bolts, and steel mesh; the combined support device is arranged at intervals along the roadway direction, and a steel mesh is connected between two adjacent second arc-shaped plates, and the anchor bolts are set in the middle of the steel mesh to fix the steel mesh to the top of the roadway.

[0012] Furthermore, the combined support device is equidistantly arranged along the roadway direction. Let the arc length of the second arc-shaped steel be d, then the distance between the two second arc-shaped steels is 2d to 3d.

[0013] A combined support method using anchor bolts and structural steel includes the following steps:

[0014] ① Embed the first arc-shaped plate at the top of the roadway: First, install reinforcing anchors and supporting anchors on the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate, and then compact the concrete at the embedded point; the lower end of the supporting anchor extends out of the top of the roadway.

[0015] ② Install a second arc-shaped plate in the roadway: Place the second arc-shaped plate below the first arc-shaped plate, insert a reinforcing anchor rod into the waist-shaped groove, and set a limiting component on the reinforcing anchor rod so that the installed reinforcing anchor rod can only slide along the circumference of the second arc-shaped plate;

[0016] ③ Install supporting steel in the roadway: Measure the height of the lowest point of the edge of the second arc plate, make supporting steel of the corresponding height, and use the supporting steel to support the second arc plate on the ground of the roadway.

[0017] Furthermore, the pre-embedded depth of the first arc-shaped plate is 80-120cm, and the length of the supporting anchor rod is 90-130cm.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] The combined support device of the present invention is ingeniously designed, simple in structure, low in support cost and easy to install, and has good shear resistance and load-bearing capacity.

[0020] The combined support system of the present invention connects multiple support devices with high shear strength and high load-bearing capacity through a steel mesh to form the support system for the entire roadway. The steel mesh is inserted with hoisting anchor rods to make the steel mesh fit against the top of the roadway, ensuring the effective contact area between the support system and the top of the roadway, further improving the overall support capacity and effectively completing the support work of the roadway.

[0021] The combined support method of the present invention improves shear resistance and bearing capacity by pre-embedding the first arc-shaped plate, setting reinforcing anchors, and cleverly connecting the first arc-shaped plate and the second arc-shaped plate, thus achieving effective support for the top of the roadway. Moreover, the installation steps of this method are relatively simple, the installation efficiency is high, and construction and support in the roadway can be realized relatively quickly. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined support system of anchor bolts and steel profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1-first arc plate, 2-second arc plate, 3-reinforced anchor rod, 4-support anchor rod, 5-waist groove, 6-fixing ring, 7-reinforced threaded head, 8-reinforced fastening nut, 9-lower fastening nut, 10-upper fastening nut, 11-supporting steel, 12-upper connecting plate, 13-side bolt, 14-lifting anchor rod, 15-steel mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles includes a supporting steel profile 11, a first arc-shaped plate 1, a second arc-shaped plate 2, a reinforcing anchor bolt 3, and a supporting anchor bolt 4. The first arc-shaped plate 1 is positioned directly above the second arc-shaped plate 2, and the second arc-shaped plate 2 is supported on the floor of the tunnel by the supporting steel profile 11. The second arc-shaped plate 2 has a waist-shaped groove 5 formed along its circumferential arc surface. The upper end of the supporting anchor bolt 4 is fixed to the first arc-shaped plate 1, and the lower end of the supporting anchor bolt 4 slides along the circumference of the second arc-shaped plate 2 within the waist-shaped groove 5. The reinforcing anchor bolt 3 is positioned on the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate 1.

[0028] The bottom of the first arc-shaped steel is supported by the support anchor 4, and the lower end of the support anchor 4 is not fixed and can slide in the waist groove 5, thereby improving the shear resistance and the load-bearing capacity.

[0029] In practical use, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first arc-shaped plate 1 is pre-embedded in the concrete at the top of the tunnel, along with the reinforcing anchor rods 3 and most of the supporting anchor rods 4. The lower ends of the supporting anchor rods 4 protrude from the tunnel wall and are connected to the second arc-shaped plate 2, which is attached to the tunnel top wall, through the waist-shaped groove 5. When multiple combined support devices are used, steel mesh 15 can be installed between two adjacent second arc-shaped plates 2 using hoisting anchor rods 14 (e.g., Figure 3 (As shown); The first arc-shaped plate 1 and the second arc-shaped plate 2 used in this application are arc-shaped steel or other rigid materials such as polymer materials;

[0030] This invention utilizes a first arc-shaped plate 1 pre-embedded in the top of the roadway to enhance shear resistance and improve the ability to withstand vertical stress from directly above the roadway. A second arc-shaped plate 2 is attached to the top of the roadway to improve the roadway support strength and prevent roadway collapse. A steel mesh 15 is fixed between the second arc-shaped plates 2 to increase the contact area between the entire support system and the top of the roadway, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and further enhancing the support capacity.

[0031] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the waist-shaped groove 5 extends vertically through the second arc-shaped plate 2. The supporting anchor rod 4 is provided with a first fastener abutting against the upper side of the second arc-shaped plate 2 and a second fastener abutting against the lower side of the second arc-shaped plate 2. Specifically, the lower end of the supporting anchor rod 4 is provided with a threaded section, which can be formed by welding a threaded head at the lower end of the supporting anchor rod 4. Specifically, the first fastener and the second fastener are both nuts, referred to as the upper fastening nut 10 and the lower fastening nut 9, respectively. The upper fastening nut 10 is placed above the waist-shaped groove 5. Before the supporting anchor rod 4 is inserted into the waist-shaped groove 5, it is first inserted into the upper fastening nut 10. The position of the upper fastening nut 10 is adjusted by screwing until the second arc-shaped plate 2 contacts the top of the tunnel. Finally, the lower fastening nut 9 is inserted into the lower end of the supporting anchor rod 4 and fixed by the second arc-shaped plate 2.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the axial widths of the first arc-shaped plate 1 and the second arc-shaped plate 2 are the same. Preferably, the radii of the first arc-shaped plate 1 and the second arc-shaped plate 2 are the same, so that the distance between the second arc-shaped plate 2 and the first arc-shaped plate 1 is the same, ensuring that the positions of the first and second fasteners do not affect the sliding of the support anchor 4 in the waist-shaped groove 5. The waist-shaped groove 5 is located in the middle of the second arc-shaped plate 2, and the support anchor 4 is symmetrical from left to right (see reference). Figure 1The anchor rods (position) are fixed on the lower side of the first arc plate 1, and the number of supporting anchor rods 4 is two or more.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the number of reinforcing anchor rods 3 is one or more. The extended square of the reinforcing anchor rod 3 is parallel to the axial direction of the first arc plate 1, that is, it is set along the vertical plane of the first arc plate 1. The two ends of the reinforcing anchor rod 3 are connected to the two axial ends of the first arc plate 1 by fasteners.

[0034] Specifically, the two ends of the reinforcing anchor rod 3 are welded with reinforcing threaded heads 7; the fixing component includes a fixing ring 6 welded to the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate 1 and a reinforcing fastening nut 8 that matches the reinforcing threaded head 7. The fixing ring 6 is directly welded to the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate 1, and the plane in which the fixing ring 6 is located is vertical; the reinforcing threaded head 7 passes through the fixing ring 6 and is threadedly connected to the reinforcing fastening nut 8, and the two reinforcing fastening nuts 8 abut against the opposite sides of the fixing ring 6;

[0035] The reinforced anchor rod 3 is fixed by fasteners, which facilitates the fixed installation of the reinforced anchor rod 3; the threaded connection between the reinforced threaded head 7 and the reinforced fastening nut 8 is achieved by using the reinforced threaded head 7, which facilitates the installation efficiency of the reinforced anchor rod 3. At the same time, fixing the reinforced anchor rod 3 to the bottom of the first arc plate 1 also improves the shear resistance of the first arc plate 1 and the entire combined support device.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, to facilitate the connection between the supporting steel 11 and the second arc-shaped plate 2, a lower connecting plate is provided on the outer side of the top of the second arc-shaped plate 2, and upper connecting plates 12 are provided at both ends of the circumference of the second arc-shaped plate 2. The upper connecting plate 12 and the lower connecting plate are respectively provided with side holes. The upper connecting plate 12 and the lower connecting plate are connected by side bolts 13 to realize the detachable connection between the second arc-shaped plate 2 and the supporting steel 11. The upper connecting plate 12 and the lower connecting plate are the same size, which facilitates the alignment during installation and improves work efficiency during disassembly. There are multiple side bolts 13, which are spaced apart to achieve a firm fixation and prevent the steel bracket from twisting after installation, which would lead to unstable support.

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, this invention also proposes a combined support system of anchor bolts and steel profiles, including multiple combined support devices of anchor bolts and steel profiles, hoisting anchor bolts 14, and steel mesh 15. The combined support devices are arranged at intervals along the roadway direction, and a steel mesh 15 is connected between two adjacent second arc-shaped plates 2. The anchor bolts are set in the middle of the steel mesh 15 to fix the steel mesh 15 to the top of the roadway. The steel mesh 15 and the second arc-shaped plates 2 can be fixed with screws. Since the steel mesh 15 has deformation properties, it can form a shape fit with the top of the roadway during installation. After the shape fits completely, the hoisting anchor bolts 14 are inserted in the middle of the steel mesh 15 to tightly adhere the steel mesh 15 to the top of the roadway, increasing the contact area between the support and the top of the roadway and improving the load-bearing capacity.

[0038] Furthermore, the combined support device is equidistantly arranged along the roadway direction. Let the circumferential width, i.e. the chord length, of the second arc-shaped steel be d. Then the distance between the two second arc-shaped steels is 2d to 3d, which limits the interval distance of the combined support device while ensuring the support strength.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel, comprising the following steps:

[0040] ① Pre-embed the first arc plate 1 at the top of the roadway: First, install the reinforcing anchor 3 and the supporting anchor 4 on the lower side of the first arc plate 1, and then compact the concrete at the pre-embedded area; the length of the supporting anchor 4 is greater than the pre-embedded depth of the first arc plate 1, so that the lower end of the supporting anchor 4 can extend out of the top of the roadway and connect with the second arc plate 2.

[0041] ② Install a second arc plate 2 in the roadway: Place the second arc plate 2 below the first arc plate 1, insert a reinforcing anchor rod 3 into the waist groove 5, and set a limiting component on the reinforcing anchor rod 3 so that the installed reinforcing anchor rod 3 can only slide along the circumference of the second arc plate 2;

[0042] ③ Install supporting steel 11 in the roadway: Measure the height of the lowest point of the edge of the second arc plate 2, make supporting steel 11 of corresponding height, and use supporting steel 11 to support the second arc plate 2 on the ground of the roadway.

[0043] Specifically, a combined support method using anchor bolts and structural steel, employing reinforced anchor bolts 3 with threaded heads and support anchor bolts 4, includes the following steps:

[0044] ① A first arc-shaped plate 1 is pre-embedded at the top of the tunnel: First, reinforcing anchor rods 3 and supporting anchor rods 4 are installed on the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate 1: The reinforcing anchor rods 3 are threaded along the vertical surface of the first arc-shaped plate 1; fixing rings 6 are pre-welded to both ends of the first arc-shaped plate 1 in the axial direction, and the reinforcing anchor rods 3 enter from one end of the two fixing rings 6 until the threaded heads of both ends of the reinforcing anchor rods 3 extend out of the fixing rings 6, and then are threadedly tightened with reinforcing fastening nuts 8, with the opposite sides of the two reinforcing fastening nuts 8 respectively abutting against the opposite sides of the fixing rings 6; the supporting anchor rods 4 are welded to the lower side of the first arc-shaped plate 1;

[0045] After the reinforcing anchor 3 is fixed, the pre-embedded area of ​​the first arc-shaped plate 1 is compacted. The depth of the first arc-shaped plate 1 embedded in the roadway is 80-120cm, and the length of the inserted reinforcing anchor 3 is 90-130cm. The lower end of the reinforcing anchor 3 can be exposed above the compacted concrete (i.e., the top of the roadway) to facilitate the fixed installation of the second arc-shaped plate 2.

[0046] ② Install a second arc-shaped plate 2 in the tunnel: Place the second arc-shaped plate 2 below the first arc-shaped plate 1, insert the reinforcing anchor rod 3 into the waist-shaped groove 5. When inserting, first thread an upper fastening nut 10 onto the threaded head of the supporting anchor rod 4, tighten the upper fastening nut 10, and continue to insert the reinforcing anchor rod 3 into the waist-shaped groove 5 until the lower surface of the upper fastening nut 10 abuts against the upper surface of the first arc-shaped plate 1. Thread a lower fastening nut 9 onto the threaded head of the supporting anchor rod 4, tighten it upwards until it abuts against the lower surface of the second arc-shaped plate 2. The position of the second arc-shaped plate 2 is fixed; the upper fastening nut 10 and the lower fastening nut 9 are the limiting components. Although the upper fastening nut 10 and the lower fastening nut 9 are currently clamping the second arc-shaped plate 2, because the second arc-shaped plate 2 is arc-shaped and the contact area between the upper fastening nut 10 and the lower fastening nut 9 and the second arc-shaped plate 2 is small, the second arc-shaped plate 2 will still overcome the clamping force of the upper fastening nut 10 and the lower fastening nut 9 and move relative to each other when subjected to lateral or oblique forces, which can prevent the support anchor rod 4 from breaking due to shear force.

[0047] ③ Install supporting steel 11 in the roadway: Measure the height of the lowest point of the edge of the second arc plate 2, and make supporting steel 11 of corresponding height. The bottom of the supporting steel 11 contacts the bottom plate, and the upper end of the supporting steel 11 is connected to the second arc plate 2 by side bolts 13 and bolts and nuts.

[0048] ④ Following steps ① to ③, multiple anchor bolts and steel sections are installed at equal intervals in the roadway. A steel mesh 15 is installed between two adjacent second arc plates 2. After the steel mesh 15 forms a shape fit with the roadway top using its deformation properties, two hoisting anchor bolts 14 are symmetrically installed in the middle of the roadway top between the two adjacent second arc plates 2. The hoisting anchor bolts 14 are used to fix the middle part of the steel mesh 15, preventing the steel mesh 15 from sagging, increasing the contact area with the roadway top, and improving the load-bearing capacity and support capacity.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel, characterized in that, A combined support device of anchor bolts and steel profiles is used for support. The combined support device includes a supporting steel profile (11), a first arc-shaped plate (1), a second arc-shaped plate (2), a reinforcing anchor bolt (3), and a supporting anchor bolt (4). The first arc-shaped plate (1) is located directly above the second arc-shaped plate (2). The second arc-shaped plate (2) is supported on the roadway ground by the supporting steel profile (11). The second arc-shaped plate (2) is provided with a waist-shaped groove (5) opened along its circumferential arc surface. The upper end of the support anchor rod (4) is fixed on the first arc plate (1), and the lower end of the support anchor rod (4) slides along the circumference of the second arc plate (2) in the waist groove (5); the reinforcing anchor rod (3) is provided on the lower side of the first arc plate (1); the waist groove (5) passes through the second arc plate (2) vertically, and the support anchor rod (4) is provided with a first fastener abutting against the upper side of the second arc plate (2) and a second fastener abutting against the lower side of the second arc plate (2); The combined support method includes the following steps: ① Embed the first arc plate (1) at the top of the roadway: First, install the reinforcing anchor (3) and the supporting anchor (4) on the lower side of the first arc plate (1), and then compact the concrete at the embedded part; the lower end of the supporting anchor (4) extends out of the top of the roadway; ② Set up a second arc plate (2) in the roadway: Place the second arc plate (2) below the first arc plate (1), insert the reinforcing anchor rod (3) into the waist groove (5), and set a limiting component on the reinforcing anchor rod (3) so that the reinforcing anchor rod (3) can only slide along the circumference of the second arc plate (2) after installation; ③ Install supporting steel (11) in the roadway: Measure the height of the lowest point of the edge of the second arc plate (2), make supporting steel (11) of the corresponding height, and use supporting steel (11) to support the second arc plate (2) on the ground of the roadway.

2. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first arc plate (1) and the second arc plate (2) have the same axial width.

3. The combined support method of anchor bolts and steel profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the reinforcing anchor rods (3) is one or more, the extended square of the reinforcing anchor rods (3) is parallel to the axial direction of the first arc plate (1), and the two ends of the reinforcing anchor rods (3) are connected to the two ends of the axial direction of the first arc plate (1) by fasteners.

4. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two ends of the reinforced anchor rod (3) are welded with reinforced threaded heads (7); the fastener includes a fixing ring (6) welded to the lower side of the first arc plate (1) and a reinforced fastening nut (8) that matches the reinforced threaded head (7); the reinforced threaded head (7) is inserted into the fixing ring (6) and threadedly connected to the reinforced fastening nut (8), and the two reinforced fastening nuts (8) abut against the opposite sides of the fixing ring (6).

5. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting steel (11) and the second arc-shaped plate are detachably connected by a connector.

6. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and steel profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes hoisting anchor rods (14) and steel mesh (15); the combined support device is arranged at intervals along the roadway direction, and steel mesh (15) is connected between two adjacent second arc plates (2). The hoisting anchor rod is set in the middle of the steel mesh (15) to fix the steel mesh (15) to the top of the roadway.

7. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The combined support device is set at equal intervals along the roadway direction. The arc length of the second arc plate is d, and the distance between the two second arc plates is 2d to 3d.

8. The method for combined support of anchor bolts and structural steel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-embedded depth of the first arc plate (1) is 80-120cm, and the length of the supporting anchor rod (4) is 90-130cm.

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