Elevator running machine damping test method based on traction machine current characteristic analysis

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of elevator operating machinery damping test methods based on the current characteristic analysis of traction machine, the method is: 1, in elevator machine room measurement, open the power supply cover of traction machine power supply inlet, clamp one phase in the three-phase power supply of traction machine with clamp ammeter;2, make good car intermediate layer (car and counterweight intersection time) mark on the traction steel wire rope of elevator, 3, gradually load standard weight in car, every 10% rated load, elevator runs up and down once, measures the current of traction machine when car and counterweight intersection instant and records;4, the current value of traction machine recorded is introduced into EXCEL table, and the current value and load percentage value (actual load in car and rated load ratio) are drawn to obtain linear equation y=a+bx, 5, find out the load percentage corresponding to current zero point position by linear equation y=a+bx, and the difference value of balance coefficient (the load percentage corresponding to the intersection of uplink current and downlink current) corresponds to weight, i.e. car uplink / downlink elevator mechanical system operating damping, the detection of the application to the energy efficiency level of elevator, improve the energy efficiency performance of elevator production time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of special equipment testing technology, and in particular to a method for testing the mechanical damping of elevator operation based on the current characteristics analysis of the traction machine. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of modern production scale and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the contradiction between electricity supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent, and the call for energy conservation is growing louder. As a product of modern civilization, elevators have seen explosive growth in number and usage rate with the development of real estate, becoming an indispensable vertical transportation tool in people's lives. The energy consumption of elevators has also become a hot topic of public concern. A survey of electricity consumption in high-energy-consuming places such as commercial centers, office buildings, and hotels found that elevator electricity consumption accounts for more than 17%-25% of total electricity consumption, second only to air conditioning, and higher than lighting, water supply, etc., making elevators a high-energy-consuming special equipment.

[0003] The "Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" clearly stipulates that "special equipment production, operation, and use units shall abide by this law and other relevant laws and regulations, establish and improve special equipment safety and energy conservation responsibility systems, strengthen special equipment safety and energy conservation management, and ensure the safety of special equipment production, operation, and use, and compliance with energy conservation requirements." The State Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has classified elevators as high-energy-consuming equipment, requiring energy conservation supervision and management, and explicitly stating that special equipment safety inspections should be combined with energy conservation supervision. Specifically, it stipulates that energy efficiency testing should be conducted on high-energy-consuming equipment such as boilers, heat exchange pressure vessels, and elevators, and that energy conservation supervision during the use of special equipment should be strengthened. Special equipment production units are responsible for the safety performance and energy efficiency indicators of the special equipment they produce and shall not produce special equipment that does not meet safety performance requirements and energy efficiency indicators.

[0004] Elevators have become a major energy consumer in my country, and the testing of elevator energy efficiency will become an important task in the supervision of elevator energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary and realistic to propose a testing method that can quantify and analyze elevator energy consumption.

[0005] Mechanical efficiency is a crucial indicator of elevator performance. It refers to the percentage of output work (useful work) to input work (total power) of a machine during stable operation. In a traction elevator system, the output work of the traction machine is the input work (total power) of the entire traction system, while the effective work required to move the car up and down is the output work (useful work) of the traction system. From the perspective of optimal energy utilization, the closer the effective work of the elevator car is to the output work of the traction machine, the higher the energy utilization rate, or in simpler terms, the lower the energy loss.

[0006] From the structural characteristics and operating principle of traction elevators, it can be seen that the energy loss of the mechanical system of traction elevators is mainly used to overcome the following aspects: frictional resistance between guide shoes and guide rails, rotational resistance of traction machine, rotational resistance of anti-rope sheave, wind pressure resistance of car operation, and frictional heat generated by the traction steel wire rope passing through each rotating sheave (including the traction sheave). All of the above energy losses are ultimately converted into heat and dissipated.

[0007] like Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the basic operating principle of a traction elevator in the prior art: the traction steel wire rope connects the counterweight and the car, and is wound around the traction sheave. The frictional force generated between the rope groove of the traction sheave and the traction steel wire rope overcomes the weight difference between the car and the counterweight to achieve the lifting or lowering of the car. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a test method for elevator operation mechanical damping based on traction machine current characteristic analysis, so as to realize the quantitative analysis of energy loss of elevator mechanical system, thereby realizing the detection of elevator energy efficiency level and improving the energy efficiency performance of elevator production.

[0009] This invention is implemented using the following scheme: a method for testing the mechanical damping of elevator operation based on the current characteristics analysis of the traction machine, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: Measure in the elevator machine room, open the power supply cover at the power input terminal of the traction machine, and clamp one phase of the three-phase power supply of the traction machine with a clamp meter;

[0011] Step S2: Mark the intermediate floor of the car on the elevator traction steel wire rope, that is, mark the traction steel wire rope when the car and the counterweight are at the same height.

[0012] Step S3: Gradually load standard weights into the car. Every time 10% of the rated load is loaded, the elevator runs up and down once in its entirety. Measure and record the traction machine current at the moment when the car and counterweight meet.

[0013] Step S4: Import the recorded traction machine current values ​​into an EXCEL table, and draw an up / down current-load percentage graph using the current values ​​and load percentage values ​​(the ratio of the actual load in the car to the rated load) to obtain the linear equation y = a + bx. The a and b are equation coefficients obtained by substituting multiple sets of traction machine current values ​​into the equation.

[0014] Step S5: Find the load percentage corresponding to the current zero point position through the linear equation y=a+bx. The weight corresponding to the difference between this and the balance coefficient (the load percentage corresponding to the intersection of the upward and downward currents) is the operating damping of the elevator mechanical system for the car's upward / downward movement.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamp-on ammeter is used to measure the current change on the traction machine side, and the standard weight is used to simulate the load inside the elevator car; the intermediate floor of the car is marked on the elevator's traction steel wire rope with a conspicuous color of paint.

[0016] Furthermore, the method further includes: the traction elevator has a weight balancing system. Ideally, if there is no damping during car operation, when the car weight (including the load inside the car and the car's own weight) is equal to the counterweight weight (i.e., the load inside the car = the rated load of the car × the balance coefficient), the traction machine does not need to output power during the car's up and down movement, meaning the traction machine current should be zero. However, in reality, elevator operation damping is always present. When the elevator is going up, the zero point of the traction machine current is before the balance point (balance coefficient), while when the elevator is going down, the zero point of the traction machine current is after the balance point (balance coefficient). In other words, due to the existence of operating damping, the current zero point, which should coincide with the balance point, is shifted. We can assume the following: when the load inside the car is exactly equal to the weight corresponding to the balance coefficient, i.e., the car and the counterweight are the same weight, then when the elevator is going up, the load inside the car... A portion of the load is removed, making the counterweight heavier than the car, creating a weight difference. The weight of the removed portion (weight difference) is exactly equal to the upward running resistance, meaning the weight difference overcomes the running resistance. At this time, the traction machine's constant-speed running current should be zero. When the elevator descends, a portion of the load is added to the car, making the car heavier than the counterweight, creating a weight difference. The weight of the added load is exactly equal to the downward running resistance, meaning the weight difference also overcomes the running resistance. At this time, the traction machine's constant-speed running current should also be zero. The above is the test principle of this test method. The elevator running mechanical damping we want to measure is the "weight difference" mentioned above. However, measuring this "weight difference" in the experiment requires multiple loading and repeated measurements, which is a complex procedure. By drawing a current-load percentage diagram, the intention is to transform the complex loading and measurement process into a simple mathematical problem to solve.

[0017] Furthermore, step S5 is further specified as follows: According to the linear equation y = a + bx, the load in the elevator car corresponding to the zero point of the traction machine current when the elevator car is moving upwards or downwards can be obtained. This is the load percentage represented when the traction machine current intersects with the zero point y = 0 when the elevator car is moving upwards; this load percentage is the load percentage corresponding to the zero point of the current when moving upwards. Similarly, the load percentage represented when the traction machine current intersects with the zero point y = 0 when the elevator car is moving downwards is the load percentage corresponding to the zero point of the current when moving downwards. At this time, the difference between the load percentage corresponding to the zero point of the current when moving upwards and the balance coefficient percentage is the weight percentage corresponding to the running resistance when the elevator is moving upwards, which is the running damping of the elevator mechanical system when the elevator car is moving upwards. The difference between the load percentage corresponding to the zero point of the current when moving downwards and the balance coefficient percentage is the weight percentage corresponding to the running resistance when the elevator is moving downwards, which is the running damping of the elevator mechanical system when the elevator car is moving downwards.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The main research content of this invention is to propose a fast and effective testing and calculation method to test and calculate this part of the energy loss, providing an effective way to quantify and analyze elevator energy efficiency evaluation, which has great social significance and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a basic operating principle diagram of traction elevators in existing technology.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the testing method of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a line graph of traction machine current under different loads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a line graph of traction machine current measured under different loads in the field according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] See Figure 2 The present invention provides a method for testing the mechanical damping of elevator operation based on the current characteristics analysis of a traction machine, the method comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step S1: Measure in the elevator machine room, open the power supply cover at the power input terminal of the traction machine, and clamp one phase of the three-phase power supply of the traction machine with a clamp meter;

[0026] Step S2: Mark the intermediate floor of the car on the traction steel wire rope of the elevator, that is, mark the traction steel wire rope when the car and the counterweight are at the same height; the clamp ammeter is used to measure the current change on the traction machine side, and the standard weight is used to simulate the load inside the elevator car; the intermediate floor of the car is marked on the traction steel wire rope of the elevator with eye-catching paint.

[0027] Step S3: Gradually load standard weights into the car. Every time 10% of the rated load is loaded, the elevator runs up and down once in its entirety. Measure and record the traction machine current at the moment when the car and counterweight meet.

[0028] Step S4: Import the recorded traction machine current values ​​into an EXCEL table, and draw an up / down current-load percentage graph using the current values ​​and load percentage values ​​(the ratio of the actual load in the car to the rated load) to obtain the linear equation y = a + bx. The a and b are equation coefficients obtained by substituting multiple sets of traction machine current values ​​into the equation.

[0029] Step S5: Find the load percentage corresponding to the current zero point position through the linear equation y=a+bx. The weight corresponding to the difference between this and the balance coefficient (the load percentage corresponding to the intersection of the upward and downward currents) is the operating damping of the elevator mechanical system for the car's upward / downward movement.

[0030] Among them, the main factors affecting energy loss in the mechanical system of traction elevators are:

[0031] Mechanical efficiency is a crucial indicator of elevator performance. It refers to the percentage of output work (useful work) to input work (total power) of a machine during stable operation. In a traction elevator system, the output work of the traction machine is the input work (total power) of the entire traction system, while the effective work required to move the car up and down is the output work (useful work) of the traction system. From the perspective of optimal energy utilization, the closer the effective work of the elevator car is to the output work of the traction machine, the higher the energy utilization rate, or in simpler terms, the lower the energy loss.

[0032] like Figure 1 As can be seen from the structural characteristics and operating principle of traction elevators, the energy loss of the mechanical system of traction elevators is mainly used to overcome the following aspects: frictional resistance between guide shoes and guide rails, rotational resistance of traction machine, rotational resistance of anti-rope sheave, wind pressure resistance of car operation, and frictional heat generated by the traction steel wire rope passing through each rotating sheave (including the traction sheave). All of the above energy losses are ultimately converted into heat and dissipated.

[0033] The energy loss testing principle of the traction elevator mechanical system of this invention:

[0034] The biggest difference between traction elevators and forced-action elevators lies in the weight balancing system of traction elevators. Ideally, if there is no damping during car movement, and the car weight (including the load inside the car and the car's own weight) equals the counterweight weight (i.e., load inside the car = rated load of the car × balance coefficient), the traction machine does not require power output during the car's up-and-down movement; that is, the traction machine current is zero. However, in reality, such as... Figure 3 As shown, when the load inside the car is exactly equal to the balance coefficient, the traction machine has current, that is, the traction machine is still outputting power. At this time, the power output by the traction machine is simply to overcome the various operating resistances mentioned in the main influencing factors of energy loss in the mechanical system of the traction elevator, that is, the energy loss of the mechanical system.

[0035] from Figure 3 It can be seen that when the elevator is going up, the zero point of the traction machine current is before the balance point (balance coefficient), while when the elevator is going down, the zero point of the traction machine current is after the balance point (balance coefficient); when the load in the car is exactly equal to the weight corresponding to the balance coefficient (i.e., the car and the counterweight are the same weight), that is:

[0036] ① When the elevator is going up, a portion of the load inside the car is removed (the weight of the removed portion is exactly equal to the resistance of the upward movement). At this time, the traction machine's current should be zero when running at a constant speed.

[0037] ② When the elevator is descending, an additional load is added inside the car (the weight of the added load is exactly equal to the downward running resistance). At this time, the traction machine's constant speed running current should also be zero.

[0038] Objective: To create a weight difference between the elevator car and the counterweight, which generates a downward gravitational force and kinetic energy during operation, thus "helping" the traction machine overcome the mechanical energy loss during elevator operation. The goal is to test and calculate the magnitude of the weight difference between the elevator car and the counterweight when the elevator is running at a constant speed and the traction machine is not doing any work (current is zero), which represents the energy loss of the elevator's mechanical system.

[0039] Based on the above analysis, combined with Figure 3 The line graph of traction machine current under different loads is shown. To test and calculate the weight difference when the traction machine current is zero, the current method can be used. This involves loading the elevator car according to a certain ratio, testing and recording the traction machine current under different loads, and then importing the recorded data into an Excel spreadsheet and plotting it as shown. Figure 3The line graph shown approximates a linear regression equation y = a + bx, thus transforming the complex experimental testing problem into a simple mathematical problem for solution. The above describes the testing principle of this method. The mechanical damping of the elevator we want to measure is the "weight difference" calculated above. However, measuring this "weight difference" in the experiment requires multiple loading and repeated measurements, a complex procedure. By plotting the current-load percentage graph, the aim is to transform the actual complex loading and measurement process into a simple mathematical problem for solution.

[0040] Plot the traction machine current under different loads as a current-load percentage diagram. Based on the measured current-load percentage values, calculate the specific equation for the current-load percentage diagram (i.e., determine the values ​​of a and b). Then, calculate the load inside the elevator car corresponding to the point where the traction machine current is zero (y=0) when the elevator car is moving upwards or downwards, as shown in the equation. Figure 3 The percentage of load represented when the broken line composed of circular dots (upward traction machine current) and the broken line composed of square dots (downward traction machine current) intersect with the zero point (y=0) (i.e., when y=0, calculate the x value), and the difference between this percentage and the balance coefficient percentage (balance point), is the weight percentage corresponding to the running resistance of the elevator when it goes up or down, that is, the mechanical energy loss of the elevator when it goes up or down.

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment:

[0042] A method for testing the mechanical damping of elevator operation based on the current characteristic analysis of the traction machine, the method is as follows:

[0043] 1. In the elevator machine room, open the power supply cover at the power inlet of the traction machine and clamp one phase of the three-phase power supply of the traction machine with a clamp meter (preparation for current test).

[0044] 2. Mark the intermediate level of the car on the wire rope with eye-catching paint (the wire rope marking when the car and counterweight are at the same height);

[0045] 3. Gradually load standard weights into the car. Every time 10% of the rated load is loaded, the elevator runs up and down once in its entirety. Measure and record the traction machine current at the moment when the car and counterweight meet (at which time the car is running at a constant speed at the rated speed).

[0046] 4. Import the recorded current values ​​into an Excel spreadsheet, plot the current-load percentage graph, and calculate the linear equation;

[0047] 5. Find the percentage of load corresponding to the zero current position and calculate the operating damping of the car's up and down mechanical system.

[0048] For example: Basic information about the test object

[0049] Brand: KONE Elevator

[0050] Model: KONE MiniSpace

[0051] Rated speed: 2.00 m / s

[0052] Rated load capacity: 1000kg

[0053] Station door: 27 / 27 / 27

[0054] Traction machine model: NMX11

[0055] Traction ratio: 2:1

[0056] Measurement results:

[0057] Following the above method, the elevator on site was measured, and the traction machine current under different loads is shown in Table 1.

[0058]

[0059] Table 1 Traction machine current under different loads

[0060] Traction machine current characteristics and energy loss analysis of elevator mechanical system:

[0061] Plot the current data as a current-load percentage line graph, such as... Figure 4 As shown, point C, where the upward current and downward current intersect, is the balance coefficient; point A is the turning point of the upward current (current is zero); and point B is the turning point of the downward current (current is zero).

[0062] The load-current piecewise linear graphs of the traction machine under different loads show that both the upward and downward lines are double lines that change linearly and regularly with increasing load. This leads to the derivation... Figure 4 The four calculation formulas ① to ④ for the double-broken line in the figure can be used to calculate the load percentage values ​​at points A, B, and C. The traction machine current in the figure is 2.0 m / s; ① and ② are the double-broken lines when moving upwards, and ③ and ④ are the double-broken lines when moving downwards, where ① y = -0.426x + 17.36; ② y = 0.5023x - 20.205; ③ y = -0.3874x + 22.586; ④ y = 0.502x - 29.38;

[0063] Calculation results:

[0064] As shown in Table 2, the percentage values ​​of the current zero point A and B are calculated to be 40.49% and 58.41% respectively, and the balance point C is 48.10%. According to the energy loss test principle of the traction elevator mechanical system of the present invention, the percentages of mechanical loss for upward and downward movement can be calculated to be 7.61% and 10.32% respectively. Figure 4 The load percentage corresponding to the X-axis is 1000kg = 100%, so the mechanical resistance (ineffective mechanical loss) experienced by the car during operation is 76.08kg for upward movement and 103.18kg for downward movement.

[0065] The traction machine is the power source of the entire elevator. Therefore, the calculation of the elevator's mechanical system energy loss (mechanical efficiency) should take the output loss of the traction machine as the final calculation target. The traction ratio of this elevator is 2:1, and the final loss of the elevator traction machine should be 1 / 2 of the car mechanical system resistance. Therefore, the final loss of the elevator traction machine is confirmed to be 38.04 kg for upward movement and 51.59 kg for downward movement. The elevator mechanical system energy loss rate (relative to rated load) is 7.61% for upward movement and 10.32% for downward movement.

[0066] Traction machine current characteristic analysis: balance coefficient 48.10%

[0067]

[0068] Table 2. Analysis and Calculation Results of Traction Machine Current Characteristics under Different Loads in the Field

[0069] In summary, the main research content of this invention is to propose a fast and effective testing and calculation method to test and calculate this part of the energy loss, providing an effective way to quantify and analyze elevator energy efficiency, which has great social significance and economic benefits.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hoisting machine current signature analysis based elevator running machine damping test method, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1, measuring in the elevator machine room, opening the power supply cover of the traction machine power supply inlet, clamping one phase of the three-phase power supply of the traction machine with a clamp-on ammeter; Step S2, marking the intermediate layer of the car on the elevator traction steel wire rope, that is, marking the traction steel wire rope when the car and the counterweight are at the same height; Step S3, gradually loading standard weights in the car, running the elevator up and down once every time 10% of the rated load is loaded, measuring the traction machine current at the moment when the car and the counterweight meet and recording; Step S4, importing the recorded traction machine current values into an EXCEL table, and drawing an up / down current-load percentage graph by the current values and load percentage values to obtain a linear equation y=a+bx, the load percentage value being the ratio of the actual load in the car to the rated load, and a and b being equation coefficients obtained by substituting a plurality of traction machine current values into the equation; Step S5, finding the load percentage corresponding to the current zero point position by the linear equation y=a+bx, and the weight corresponding to the difference between the load percentage and the balance coefficient being the running damping of the elevator mechanical system when the car is running up / down, the balance coefficient being the load percentage corresponding to the intersection of the up current and the down current.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp-on ammeter is used to measure the current change of the traction machine, and the standard weight is a weight used to simulate the load in the elevator car; wherein the intermediate layer of the car is marked on the traction steel wire rope of the elevator with eye-catching paint.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: determining a current characteristic of the elevator machine; and determining a current characteristic of the elevator machine during a period of time when the elevator car is moving at a speed of less than 0.1 m / s. The method further comprises that the traction elevator has a weight balance system, in an ideal state, if there is no damping when the car runs, when the weight of the car is equal to the weight of the counterweight, that is, the load in the car = the rated load of the car x the balance coefficient, the traction machine does not need to output power when the car runs up and down, that is, the current of the traction machine should be zero; but in practice, the elevator running damping exists all the time, the zero point of the traction machine current is before the balance point when the elevator runs up, and the zero point of the traction machine current is after the balance point when the elevator runs down, therefore, the existence of the running damping causes the current zero point which should coincide with the balance point to deviate; when the load in the car is exactly equal to the weight corresponding to the balance coefficient, that is, the car and the counterweight are the same weight, when the elevator runs up, a part of the load in the car is removed, the counterweight is heavier than the car, a weight difference is formed, the removed part of the weight difference is exactly equal to the up running resistance, that is, the weight difference overcomes the running resistance, at this time, the current of the traction machine running at a constant speed should be zero; when the elevator runs down, a part of the load is added in the car, the car is heavier than the counterweight, a weight difference is formed, the gravity of the added part of the load is exactly equal to the down running resistance, that is, the weight difference also overcomes the running resistance, at this time, the current of the traction machine running at a constant speed should also be zero; the above is the testing principle of the testing method, and the elevator running mechanical damping to be measured is the "weight difference" obtained above.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S5 is further specifically: according to the linear equation y=a+bx, the hoisting machine current corresponding to the zero point when the elevator car is going up or down can be obtained, that is, the load percentage represented by the intersection of the hoisting machine current and the zero point y=0 when the elevator car is going up, which is the load percentage corresponding to the zero point position of the current when going up; the load percentage represented by the intersection of the hoisting machine current and the zero point y=0 when the elevator car is going down, which is the load percentage corresponding to the zero point position of the current when going down; at this time, the difference between the load percentage corresponding to the zero point position of the current when going up and the balance coefficient percentage is the weight percentage corresponding to the running resistance when the elevator is going up, that is, the running damping of the elevator mechanical system when the elevator car is going up; the difference between the load percentage corresponding to the zero point position of the current when going down and the balance coefficient percentage is the weight percentage corresponding to the running resistance when the elevator is going down, that is, the running damping of the elevator mechanical system when the elevator car is going down.

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