Coal powder cyclone high-temperature backflow preheating dry distillation combustion gasification device

Abstract

The present application relates to a device for coal powder cyclone high-temperature backflow preheating dry distillation combustion gasification, which can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable temperature and composition of existing technology hot coal gas, high cost and environmental protection, and the technical solution is that the device comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is a bottle-shaped structure made of two steel cylinders with different diameters and closed at the top and bottom and built with refractory materials, the upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell jar, the inner space of the upper cylinder constitutes a coal powder dry distillation chamber, and the lower conical cylinder is connected to the lower cylinder, a combustion gasification chamber is arranged in the upper part of the cylinder, a gas cyclone separation chamber is arranged in the lower part of the cylinder, a coal powder gas flow supply device is horizontally and tangentially connected to the lower part of the coal powder dry distillation chamber, and the gas cyclone separation chamber is connected to a hot coal gas outlet pipe through a hot coal gas collection ring channel, the present application has a stable, safe and compact and reasonable optimized structure and excellent energy-saving and environmental protection performance, and is an innovation of the device for coal powder gas flow preheating dry distillation and combustion gasification.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a coal gasifier, in particular to a device for coal powder cyclone high-temperature backflow preheating dry distillation combustion gasification. BACKGROUND

[0002] The device (or furnace) for preheating dry distillation and combustion gasification of coal gas flow is a heat-engine equipment for providing appropriate high-temperature producer gas (hereinafter referred to as hot producer gas), which is commonly called a hot producer gas generator. Due to environmental protection requirements, the hot producer gas generator was once stopped from being used, and the producer gas was replaced by natural gas. However, with the improvement of coal gasification process and the great demand for comprehensive utilization of coal, the coal gasification device and its related technology have been greatly developed, especially large-scale coal gasification devices. Due to various reasons, the price of energy, especially natural gas, has risen, which has become a hindrance to the normal use of many heat utilization equipment (such as various furnaces). Therefore, under the premise of meeting environmental protection standards, using high-quality coal powder to produce clean hot producer gas or will become an effective means to replace natural gas and other fuel gas. How to realize the technical requirements of stable structure, safe operation, controllable hot producer gas temperature and composition, energy saving and high efficiency, low cost, and low pollutant emission is a technical problem that needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above situation, in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a device for coal powder cyclone high-temperature backflow preheating dry distillation combustion gasification, which can effectively solve the problems of uncontrollable hot producer gas temperature and composition, high cost, and environmental protection of the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution solved by the present application is that the device comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is a bottle-shaped structure made of two steel cylinders with different diameters and lined with refractory materials from top to bottom, the upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell jar, the inner space of the bell jar constitutes a coal powder dry distillation chamber, and the lower conical cylinder is connected to the lower cylinder, the inner space of the lower cylinder is provided with a combustion gasification chamber in the upper part and a fuel gas cyclone separation chamber in the lower part, the coal powder dry distillation chamber is horizontally and tangentially connected with a coal powder gas flow supply device at the lower part, and the fuel gas cyclone separation chamber is connected in communication with a hot producer gas collection ring channel and a hot producer gas outlet pipe.

[0005] This invention utilizes a pulverized coal gas flow supply device to achieve high-pressure air carrying of large quantities of pulverized coal; employs a strong swirling flow in a pulverized coal gas flow homogenization ring to achieve uniform circumferential airflow distribution; uses hot coal gas ejected from the top of the dry distillation chamber to achieve more thorough mixing, preheating, and dry distillation of the pulverized coal gas flow; employs a gasification combustion chamber structure with small diameters at both ends and a large diameter in the middle to generate strong vortex flow in the pulverized coal gas flow, ensuring sufficient residence of the pulverized coal and rapid gasification; and employs a collecting ring to draw out the combustion gas flow, achieving effective separation and uniform collection of the hot coal gas flow before it is discharged, unaffected by the combustion gas flow discharge pipe. Therefore, this invention possesses a stable, safe, compact, and rationally optimized structure, exhibiting excellent performance in terms of high gasification efficiency, high coal gas quality, high controllability and adjustability, as well as energy saving and environmental protection. It represents an innovation in devices for the preheating, dry distillation, and combustion gasification of pulverized coal gas flow. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Fig. 1 This is a cross-sectional front view of the structure of the present invention.

[0007] Fig. 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the distillation chamber portion of the structure of this invention.

[0008] Fig. 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the gas cyclone separation chamber of the present invention.

[0009] Among them, 1. Coal powder dry distillation chamber wall, 1-1 Coal powder dry distillation chamber, 1-2 Coal powder airflow homogenization ring wall, 1-3 Coal powder airflow homogenization ring channel, 1-4 Regulating air injection pipe, 1-5 Dry distillation airflow outlet channel, 1-6 Coal powder ash discharge channel, 1-7 Coal powder airflow guide ring groove, 1-8 Return hot coal gas inlet pipe, 1-9 Jet mixed gas inlet pipe, 2. Coal powder airflow supply device, 2-1 Coal powder airflow gradually narrowing channel, 2-2 Air ejection coal powder mixing chamber, 2-3 Coal powder airflow gradually expanding channel, 2-4 Coal powder airflow injection inlet, 2-5 Coal powder conveying bin, 2-6 Coal powder conveying pipe, 3. Combustion gasification chamber wall, 3-1 Combustion gasification chamber, 3-2 Gas swirl separation chamber, 3-3 Hot coal gas collecting orifice, 3-4 Hot coal gas collecting ring channel, 3-5 Hot coal gas outlet pipe, 3-6 Ash and slag discharge outlet, 3-7 reflux hot gas outlet pipe, 3-8 reflux hot gas pipe, 4 furnace bottom. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0011] Depend on Figs. 1-3The present application comprises a furnace body made of two steel cylinders of different diameters with the upper cylinder closed at the bottom and the lower cylinder closed at the top, and the furnace body is in the shape of a bottle with the upper cylinder in the shape of a bell, and the inner space of the upper cylinder constitutes a coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1, and the lower cylinder is connected to the upper cylinder through the lower conical cylinder, and the upper part of the inner space of the lower cylinder is provided with a combustion and gasification chamber 3-1, and the lower part of the inner space of the lower cylinder is provided with a gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and the lower part of the coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is horizontally and tangentially connected with a coal-powder gas flow supply device 2, and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is connected in communication with a hot coal gas collection ring channel 3-4 and a hot coal gas outlet pipe 3-5.

[0012] In order to ensure the use effect, the coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is the inner space of a coal-powder dry distillation chamber wall 1, and a cylindrical coal-powder gas flow homogenizing ring wall 1-2 is built on the inner wall of the coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 from the combustion and gasification chamber wall 3, and the coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is provided with a dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5, and a coal-powder gas flow homogenizing ring channel 1-3 is formed between the outer side of the coal-powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 and the coal-powder dry distillation chamber wall 1, and a coal-powder gas flow guide ring groove 1-7 is arranged on the outer side wall of the coal-powder gas flow homogenizing ring channel 1-3, and a coal-powder ash and slag discharge channel 1-6 is uniformly distributed along the circumference at the bottom of the coal-powder gas flow homogenizing ring channel 1-3 and is connected downward to the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1.

[0013] The coal-powder dry distillation chamber wall 1 is vertically connected to a tubular gradually tapered jet flow mixed gas guide pipe 1-9 at the top, the top center of the jet flow mixed gas guide pipe 1-9 is inserted with a tubular gradually tapered adjusting air injection pipe 1-4, and the side is provided with a backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8; in order to strengthen the preheating and flow guiding effect of the dry distillation chamber, the jet flow mixed gas guide pipe 1-9 is arranged at the top of the dry distillation chamber, the adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 is arranged at the top end of the jet flow mixed gas guide pipe 1-9, and the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8 is arranged on the side wall of the jet flow mixed gas guide pipe 1-9, the amount of hot coal gas sucked from the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8 by the adjusting air injected by the adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 forms a high-temperature mixed gas flow sprayed downward, and thus meets the strong cyclone coal-powder gas flow upward in the dry distillation chamber 1-1, further strengthens the preheating and dry distillation process of the coal-powder gas flow, and also strengthens the flow kinetic energy of the dry distillation gas flow entering the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5 downward.

[0014] The coal powder airflow supply device 2 is horizontally arranged in a cylindrical structure, and sequentially communicates with a powder airflow converging channel 2-1, an air entraining coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 and a coal powder airflow diverging channel 2-3 along a central axis, thereby forming a Venturi channel with a zoom structure. The upper portion of the air entraining coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 vertically communicates with a coal powder conveying pipe 2-6, and the upper end of the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 communicates with a cone-shaped coal powder conveying bin 2-5. The coal powder airflow diverging channel 2-3 communicates with the coal powder airflow guide ring groove 1-7 through a coal powder airflow injection port 2-4. In this way, the higher pressure air flow (primary air) entering from the powder airflow converging channel 2-1 forms a higher airflow velocity, and a large amount of coal powder entering from the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 is carried through the air entraining coal powder mixing chamber 2-2. A high-concentration coal powder airflow is formed in the coal powder airflow diverging channel 2-3, enters the coal powder airflow guide ring groove 1-7 through the coal powder airflow injection port 2-4, and forms a strong swirling coal powder airflow rotating uniformly and rapidly in the circumferential direction under the guidance of the coal powder airflow homogenizing ring groove 1-3, and enters the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 upward. The coal powder airflow is preheated by the radiation of the dry distillation chamber to form a dry distillation gas flow (gas flow after dry distillation of coal powder), and the dry distillation gas flow enters the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 downward through the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5. The Venturi channel structure is used to increase the entraining amount of coal powder and reduce the flow resistance of coal powder conveying.

[0015] The combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is formed by the combustion gasification chamber wall 3, and communicates with the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 through the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5 above, and communicates with the combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2 below. The hot coal gas collection ring groove 3-4 is arranged in the combustion gasification chamber wall 3 outside the combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2. The combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2 and the hot coal gas collection ring groove 3-4 are connected through the hot coal gas collection port 3-3 arranged on the outer wall of the combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2. The outer side of the hot coal gas collection ring groove 3-4 communicates with the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5. The backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 3-7 is vertically connected to the upper portion of the pipe wall of the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5. The backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 3-7 is connected to the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8 through the backflow hot coal gas pipe 3-8.

[0016] The hot coal gas collection port 3-3 is a rectangular cross-section port arranged in multiple layers from top to bottom and uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The hot coal gas collection port 3-3 is provided with a circumferential inclined section at one end close to the combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2, and the inclined angle is 15º-25°.

[0017] The combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2 is provided with a horn-shaped ash discharge port 3-6 at the bottom center, which communicates with the combustion gas flow separation chamber 3-2 and is perpendicular to the furnace bottom 4.

[0018] The combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is a conical space with an upper conical cylinder and a lower circular cylinder, and its diameter is larger than that of the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5. The cyclone flow will form a central backflow vortex by using the cyclone wall attachment effect. This makes the dry distillation gas flow from the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5 flow in a strong vortex cyclone by using the structure of the combustion gasification chamber, so that the coal powder gas flow can be fully retained, partially combusted and fully gasified. Moreover, the combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is a conical cylinder which is connected to the lower gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, so that the strong vortex cyclone flow effect is enhanced.

[0019] The use of the present application is as shown in Figs. 1-3 The present application is a bottle-shaped structure made of two steel cylinders with different diameters which are closed at the top and bottom and are built with refractory materials. The refractory materials are built from inside to outside as heavy temperature-resistant bearing materials, light heat-insulating materials, ceramic fiber felt and a structural steel shell. The upper cylinder is in the shape of a bell jar, and its inner space constitutes a coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1. The lower part of the lower conical cylinder is connected to a larger cylinder, and the inner space of the larger cylinder is divided into a combustion gasification chamber 3-1 at the upper part and a gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 at the lower part. There is a coal powder gas flow supply device 2 horizontally tangent to the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 at the lower part, and there is a hot coal gas outlet pipe 3-5 in the middle of the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2. Specifically, the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 is the inner space of the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall 1, and there is a cylindrical coal powder gas flow homogenizing ring wall 1-2 built from the combustion gasification chamber wall 3. The inner space constitutes a dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5, and the outer side of the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5 and the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall 1 form a coal powder gas flow homogenizing annulus 1-3. A coal powder gas flow guide ring groove 1-7 is arranged outside the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annulus 1-3. Coal powder ash and slag discharge channels 1-6 are evenly distributed along the circumference at the bottom of the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annulus 1-3 and are connected downward to the combustion gasification chamber 3-1. A tubular tapered jet mixing gas inlet pipe 1-9 is vertically connected to the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall 1. A tubular tapered adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 is inserted into the center of the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall 1. A backflow hot coal gas inlet pipe 1-8 is in communication with the side of the coal powder dry distillation chamber wall 1.

[0020] The coal powder gas flow supply device 2 is horizontally arranged in a cylindrical structure, and a coal powder gas flow tapered channel 2-1 is arranged on the left side of the central axis of the coal powder gas flow supply device 2. The coal powder gas flow tapered channel 2-1 is connected to an air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 on the right side, and then connected to a coal powder gas flow expanding channel 2-3. The coal powder gas flow expanding channel 2-3 is connected to a coal powder gas flow injection port 2-4 on the right side, which is horizontally tangent to the coal powder gas flow guide ring groove 1-7 arranged on the outer side wall of the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annulus 1-3. A vertical coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 is connected to the air injection coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 above. A conical hopper-shaped coal powder conveying bin 2-5 is connected to the upper end of the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6.

[0021] The combustion gasification chamber 3-1 is built by the combustion gasification chamber wall 3, which is connected with the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 through the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5 and is connected with the combustion gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 below; the hot coal gas collection ring 3-4 is arranged in the combustion gasification chamber wall 3 outside the combustion gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and the hot coal gas collection orifices 3-3 arranged on the outer wall of the combustion gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 are connected with each other, the hot coal gas collection orifices 3-3 are rectangular section orifices arranged in multiple layers from top to bottom and are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5 is connected with the hot coal gas collection ring 3-4 outside, the backflow hot coal gas guide-in pipe 3-7 is vertically connected with the upper part of the pipe wall of the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5, and the backflow hot coal gas pipe 3-8 is connected with the backflow hot coal gas guide-in pipe 1-8; the ash discharge outlet 3-6 in the shape of a horn-shaped tubular channel is connected with the combustion gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 at the bottom center and is perpendicular to the coal powder dry distillation gasification device furnace bottom 4.

[0022] The coal powder gas flow homogenization ring 1-3 is a rectangular section shape with an open top, the width of which affects the circumferential uniformity of the coal powder gas flow and the rotational flow intensity of the upward rotating flow, and the coal powder gas flow guide ring groove 1-7 arranged outside the lower part of the coal powder gas flow homogenization ring 1-3 is in the shape of a circular arc and smoothly transitions with the tangential coal powder gas flow injection inlet 2-4 to improve the uniformity of the circumferential movement of the coal powder gas flow and reduce the turbulence of the coal powder gas flow to reduce the movement resistance of the gas flow.

[0023] The circumferentially uniformly distributed coal powder ash discharge channel 1-6 arranged at the bottom of the coal powder gas flow homogenization ring 1-3 is a tubular structure in the shape of a rectangular section and is vertically downward and connected with the combustion gasification chamber 3-1, and the coal powder ash flowing through the channel is mainly large-diameter coal powder particles, and the movement thrust is the pressure difference between the coal powder dry distillation chamber and the combustion gasification chamber;

[0024] The jet mixed gas guide-in pipe 1-9 is vertically arranged at the top of the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 and is a tapered pipe in the shape of a taper with a gradually reduced section, the top of which is closed, but the adjustment air injection pipe 1-4 in the shape of a tubular taper is inserted into the center of the top, the backflow hot coal gas guide-in pipe 1-8 is connected with the side of the jet mixed gas guide-in pipe 1-9, and here, the high-pressure and high-speed air injection in the adjustment air injection pipe 1-4 makes the hot coal gas (hot gasification coal gas) in the backflow hot coal gas guide-in pipe 1-8 quickly enter the jet mixed gas guide-in pipe 1-9 and enter the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 downward after being mixed with each other, and the structure shape of the adjustment air injection pipe 1-4 and the jet mixed gas guide-in pipe 1-9 and the diameter of the backflow hot coal gas guide-in pipe 1-8 determine the inflow amount of the backflow high-temperature hot coal gas.

[0025] The coal powder airflow supply device 2 is horizontally cylindrical structure, wherein the left side is provided with powder airflow tapering channel 2-1, which is communicated with the right side air entraining coal powder mixing chamber 2-2, and then communicated with the right side coal powder airflow expanding channel 2-3, and the three constitute the zoom type nozzle structure shape, and then the coal powder conveying pipe 2-6 is arranged to vertically communicate with the air entraining coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 from the upper part, and the powder conveying pipe 2-6 is communicated with the cone-shaped coal powder conveying warehouse 2-5 upward, so as to achieve lower flow resistance and lower air quantity to carry larger coal gas quantity at high speed, and form high-concentration high-speed coal powder airflow into the dry distillation gasification device.

[0026] The hot gas collection orifice 3-3 is arranged between the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 and the hot gas collection ring channel 3-4, which is communicated with each other, and the structure is rectangular cross-section orifice, which is arranged in uniform arrangement state of multiple layers from top to bottom and multiple orifices in the circumferential direction; the structure is beneficial to keep the uniformity of airflow flow field in the gasification combustion chamber 3-1 and the combustion cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and is not affected by the flow state of the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, and the uniformity of airflow flow field distribution is generally related to the number of layers and the number of orifices arranged; in addition, the hot gas collection orifice 3-3 is provided with a circumferential inclined section consistent with the direction of gas cyclone at one end close to the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and the inclined angle is less than 25°, and the structure between the hot gas collection orifice 3-3 and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is beneficial to the inertial separation between the coal powder ash in the combustion gas flow and the hot gas flow carrying it when entering the hot gas collection orifice 3-3.

[0027] The hot gas collection orifice 3-3 is arranged between the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 and the hot gas collection ring channel 3-4, which is communicated with each other, and the structure is rectangular cross-section orifice, which is arranged in uniform arrangement state of multiple layers from top to bottom and multiple orifices in the circumferential direction; the structure is beneficial to keep the uniformity of airflow flow field in the gasification combustion chamber 3-1 and the combustion cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and is not affected by the flow state of the hot gas outlet pipe 3-5, and the uniformity of airflow flow field distribution is generally related to the number of layers and the number of orifices arranged; in addition, the hot gas collection orifice 3-3 is provided with a circumferential inclined section consistent with the direction of gas cyclone at one end close to the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and the inclined angle is less than 25°, and the structure between the hot gas collection orifice 3-3 and the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2 is beneficial to the inertial separation between the coal powder ash in the combustion gas flow and the hot gas flow carrying it when entering the hot gas collection orifice 3-3.

[0028] In the specific implementation process, air (primary combustion-supporting air) of a certain pressure enters the coal powder mixing chamber 2-2 from the powder gas flow converging channel 2-1 to form a high-speed air flow, and then the coal powder falling from the coal powder delivery tank 2-5 through the coal powder delivery pipe 2-6 is entrained to form an air-coal powder mixed coal powder gas flow, and then the coal powder gas flow enters the coal powder gas flow injection port 2-4 through the coal powder gas flow diverging channel 2-3; then the coal powder gas flow tangentially enters the coal powder gas flow guiding ring groove 1-7 at the lower part of the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3 to form a uniform strong swirling coal powder gas flow, and then the swirling coal powder gas flow upwardly leaves the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3 and enters the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 and continues to swirl upwardly; in this process, the adjusting gas is injected from the adjusting air injection pipe 1-4 into the jet mixed hot coal gas guide pipe 1-9 to entrain the high-temperature hot coal gas entering from the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8 to form a high-temperature mixed gas flow, and then the high-temperature mixed gas flow downwardly enters the coal powder dry distillation chamber 1-1 through the outlet of the jet mixed gas guide pipe 1-9; at this time, the downward high-temperature mixed gas flow meets the upward swirling coal powder gas flow and is mixed and heat-exchanged with each other, and the coal powder is heated to release volatile components; after the dry distillation is completed or partially completed, the swirling coal powder gas flow downwardly enters the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 through the dry distillation gas flow outlet channel 1-5; it is to be pointed out that the coal powder ash and slag discharge channel 1-6 arranged at the bottom of the coal powder gas flow homogenizing annular channel 1-3 can timely guide the coal powder falling to the bottom of the annular channel to directly enter the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 to continue to participate in the dry distillation and gasification process of the coal powder gas flow; in the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1, the high temperature under the guidance of the strong swirling flow enables the volatile components released from the coal powder dry distillation to quickly complete combustion and release heat, while the dry-distilled coal powder continues to realize endothermic gasification in the oxygen-deficient environment to decompose coal gas (mainly CO); by controlling the flow of the primary combustion-supporting air and the adjusting gas flow, the reaction temperature in the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1 is maintained to be appropriate, and the coal powder gas flow realizes as much gasification as possible in the combustion and gasification chamber 3-1, and a high-temperature gas flow containing coal powder ash and slag and a large amount of hot coal gas (mainly CO) is formed to enter the gas swirling separation chamber 3-2; the combustion gas flow enters the hot coal gas collection annular channel 3-4 through the hot coal gas collection orifice 3-3, and then flows out from the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5 to be used as process gas in related heat utilization equipment and devices; the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 3-7 is connected to the upper part of the hot coal gas guide pipe 3-5, and a part of the hot coal gas becomes backflow hot coal gas and is guided out through the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 3-8 to be connected to the backflow hot coal gas guide pipe 1-8 to form the backflow hot coal gas of the dry distillation and gasification device to participate in the heating, dry distillation, combustion and gasification process of the coal powder gas flow.After the dry distillation and gasification in the combustion gasification chamber 3-1, the hot coal gas stream carrying the coal dust ash flows downward into the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, and when the cyclone gas stream flows into the hot coal gas collection orifice 3-3 via the gas cyclone separation chamber 3-2, the carrying gas stream (hot coal gas stream) and the coal dust ash are separated from each other, the coal dust ash rotates along the wall surface and then falls to the bottom of the furnace, and the carrying gas stream (hot coal gas stream) turns and enters the hot coal gas collection ring 3-4 via the hot coal gas collection orifice 3-3.

[0029] In the implementation process of the present application, the high-temperature hot coal gas or high-temperature flue gas (hot gas stream not mainly containing combustible gas) required by the heat utilization equipment can be generated by means of the adjustment and control of the primary air flow and the adjusting air flow, the adjustment and control of the hot coal gas flow, and the structure of the coal dust dry distillation chamber and the combustion gasification chamber, so as to meet the specific needs of the furnace equipment. Since the present application works in a closed and nearly adiabatic state, and the dry distillation and gasification process can effectively control the air quantity and the coal gas quantity, its performance characteristics must be energy-saving, high-efficiency and strong adaptability; since the dry distillation, combustion and gasification are preheated at high temperature, the coal tar component is burned in time during the process, so that relatively clean high-temperature gas is generated, which can replace natural gas and other gas fuels on related furnaces; since the air quantity and the temperature in the device can be strictly controlled during the whole process of preheated dry distillation and combustion gasification, no excessive nitrogen oxides (NOx) are generated, and the environmental protection and low-pollutant emission characteristics are particularly prominent; the present application meets the technical requirements of the gas equipment with strict thermal design, emphasizes the optimization of technical performance, the compactness and rationality of the structure design, and the selection of suitable materials, so that the stability, durability and safety of the structure are effectively guaranteed.

[0030] It should be pointed out that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, which is used to illustrate the specific implementation of the present application, but not to limit the protection scope of the present application, and any technical solution which is essentially the same as the present application and is made by using equivalent and equivalent technical ideas and technical means, belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification, characterized in that, The furnace body consists of two steel cylinders of different diameters, enclosed at the top and bottom, with a bottle-shaped structure made of refractory material inside. The upper cylinder is bell-shaped, and its internal space forms a pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1). It is connected to the lower cylinder through a lower conical cylinder. The upper part of the cylinder is equipped with a combustion gasification chamber (3-1), and the lower part is equipped with a gas swirl separation chamber (3-2). The lower part of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) is horizontally and tangentially connected to a pulverized coal gas supply device (2). The gas swirl separation chamber (3-2) is connected to the hot coal gas outlet pipe (3-5) through a hot coal gas collection loop (3-4). The pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) is the inner space of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber wall (1). The inner wall of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) is provided with a cylindrical pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring wall (1-2) built from the combustion gasification chamber wall (3). The pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) is provided with a dry distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5). A pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring channel (1-3) is formed between the outer side of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) and the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber wall (1). A pulverized coal airflow guide ring groove (1-7) is provided on the outer wall of the pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring channel (1-3). Pulverized coal ash discharge channels (1-6) are evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring channel (1-3) and connect downward to the combustion gasification chamber (3-1). The pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring channel (1-3) has a rectangular cross-section shape with an opening at the top. The top of the wall (1) of the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber is vertically connected to a tubular tapering jet mixing gas inlet pipe (1-9). A tubular tapering regulating air injection pipe (1-4) is inserted at the center of the top of the jet mixing gas inlet pipe (1-9), and a reflux hot coal gas inlet pipe (1-8) is provided on the side. In order to enhance the preheating and guiding effect of the dry distillation chamber, a jet mixing gas inlet pipe (1-9) is set at the top of the dry distillation chamber, a regulating air injection pipe (1-4) is set at its top, and a reflux hot coal gas inlet pipe (1-8) is set on its side wall. The regulating air injected by the regulating air injection pipe (1-4) entrains the amount of hot coal gas entering from the reflux hot coal gas inlet pipe (1-8), forming a downward jetting high-temperature mixed airflow. Then, it meets the upward strong swirling pulverized coal airflow in the dry distillation chamber (1-1), further enhancing the preheating and dry distillation process of the pulverized coal airflow, and also enhancing the flow kinetic energy of the dry distillation airflow entering the dry distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5) downward.

2. The apparatus for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulverized coal airflow supply device (2) is a horizontally arranged cylindrical structure. Along its central axis, it is sequentially connected to a coal-feeding airflow narrowing channel (2-1), an air-injected coal-powder mixing chamber (2-2), and a coal-powder airflow expanding channel (2-3), forming a venturi channel with a scaling structure. The upper part of the air-injected coal-powder mixing chamber (2-2) is vertically connected to a coal-powder conveying pipe (2-6), and the upper end of the coal-powder conveying pipe (2-6) is connected to a conical coal-powder conveying bin (2-5). The coal-powder airflow expanding channel (2-3) is connected to the coal-powder airflow guide ring groove (1-7) via a coal-powder airflow injection inlet (2-4). Thus, the higher-pressure airflow entering from the coal-feeding airflow narrowing channel (2-1) forms a higher airflow velocity, which is then passed through the air-injected... The pulverized coal mixing chamber (2-2) carries a large amount of pulverized coal entering from the pulverized coal conveying pipe (2-6), forming a high-concentration pulverized coal airflow in the pulverized coal airflow gradually expanding channel (2-3). The pulverized coal airflow enters the pulverized coal airflow guide ring groove (1-7) through the pulverized coal airflow injection inlet (2-4), forming a circumferentially uniform and rapidly rotating strong swirling pulverized coal airflow under its guidance. Guided by the pulverized coal airflow homogenization ring channel (1-3), the swirling flow enters the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1), where it is preheated by the radiation of the dry distillation chamber to form a dry distillation airflow. The airflow then turns back downward and enters the combustion gasification chamber (3-1) through the dry distillation airflow outlet channel (1-5). The Venturi channel structure is used to both increase the amount of pulverized coal injected and reduce the flow resistance of pulverized coal conveying.

3. The apparatus for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion gasification chamber (3-1) is constructed from the combustion gasification chamber wall (3). Its upper part is connected to the pulverized coal dry distillation chamber (1-1) via a dry distillation gas outlet channel (1-5), and its lower part is connected to the gas cyclone separator (3-2). A hot gas collection loop (3-4) is provided inside the combustion gasification chamber wall (3) outside the gas cyclone separator (3-2). The gas cyclone separator (3-2) and the hot gas collection loop (3-4) are connected... The hot gas collection port (3-3) is connected to the outer wall of the gas cyclone separator (3-2). The hot gas collection loop (3-4) is connected to the hot gas outlet pipe (3-5) on the outside. A return hot gas outlet pipe (3-7) is vertically connected to the upper part of the hot gas outlet pipe (3-5). The return hot gas outlet pipe (3-7) is connected to the return hot gas inlet pipe (1-8) through the return hot gas pipe (3-8).

4. The apparatus for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hot gas collection port (3-3) is a rectangular cross-section port with multiple layers arranged vertically and multiple ports evenly distributed circumferentially. The hot gas collection port (3-3) has a circumferential inclined section at one end near the gas swirl separation chamber (3-2) that is consistent with the direction of gas swirl, with an inclination angle of 15º-25°.

5. The apparatus for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas cyclone separator (3-2) has a funnel-shaped ash discharge outlet (3-6) at the bottom center, which is connected to it and is perpendicular to the furnace bottom (4).

6. The apparatus for pulverized coal swirl high-temperature reflux preheating dry distillation combustion gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion gasification chamber (3-1) is a conical space with an upper cone and a lower cylinder. Its diameter is larger than that of the dry distillation gas outlet channel (1-5). By utilizing the swirling wall effect, the swirling gas will form a central backflow vortex. This allows the dry distillation gas flowing out of the dry distillation gas outlet channel (1-5) to utilize the structure of the combustion gasification chamber to make the coal powder gas flow in a strong swirling flow, so as to achieve full residence, partial combustion and full gasification of the coal powder. Moreover, the transition from the combustion gasification chamber (3-1) to the lower gas swirling separation chamber (3-2) is also a contracting cone, which further enhances the strong swirling flow effect.

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