Wide-range voltage signal acquisition device

Abstract

The application provides a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device, comprising: a signal acquisition module, comprising multiple signal acquisition channels, and any one of the signal acquisition channels is used for connecting an input signal and a signal acquisition controller; a signal identification module, comprising multiple signal identification channels, and any one of the signal identification channels is used for connecting the signal acquisition channels and the signal acquisition controller; and the signal acquisition controller, which is used for judging the signal type and the signal acquisition channel of the current acquisition through the signal identification module and collecting the voltage signal through the current signal acquisition channel through the acquisition port. The application can reduce the types of different voltage grade signal acquisition products, facilitate the standardization of the products, save the design, production, storage and management costs, and greatly improve the universality of the products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit technology, and more particularly to a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device. Background Technology

[0002] Voltage signal acquisition circuits are a fundamental component of digital input circuits in rail transit, industrial control, and other fields, and are widely used across various sectors. Traditional voltage signal acquisition circuits are generally only suitable for acquiring signals at a single voltage level, lacking wide-range voltage acquisition capabilities. Taking the rail transit industry as an example, the power supply voltage of control systems on light rail, subways, locomotives, and high-speed trains is typically DC24V, DC74V, or DC110V. This necessitates voltage acquisition circuits suitable for each of these systems, resulting in limited product versatility and requiring the production of multiple products to meet requirements, increasing costs in design, production, inventory, and management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the technical problem that existing voltage acquisition circuits are only suitable for acquiring a certain type or range of voltage signals and cannot be used for acquiring wide-range voltage signals, this invention provides a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device suitable for rail transit equipment. This invention reduces the variety of products for acquiring signals of different voltage levels, facilitates product standardization, saves costs in design, production, warehousing, and management, and significantly improves product versatility.

[0004] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0005] A wide-range voltage signal acquisition device, comprising:

[0006] The signal acquisition module includes multiple signal acquisition channels, and any one of the signal acquisition channels is used to connect an input signal and a signal acquisition controller;

[0007] The signal recognition module includes multiple signal recognition channels, and any one of the signal recognition channels can be used to connect to each signal acquisition channel and the signal acquisition controller;

[0008] The signal acquisition controller determines the type and channel of the signal being acquired through a signal identification module, and acquires voltage signals from the current signal acquisition channel through the acquisition port.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned signal acquisition channels is equipped with an anti-reverse diode, a Zener diode, an optocoupler, and an inverter; wherein,

[0010] The anode of the anti-reverse diode is connected to the input signal, and the cathode is connected to one port of the optocoupler;

[0011] The anode of the Zener diode is connected to each signal identification channel, and the cathode is connected to another port on the same side of the optocoupler;

[0012] The opposite port of the optocoupler is connected to the input terminal of the inverter;

[0013] The output of the inverter is connected to a acquisition port of the signal acquisition controller.

[0014] Furthermore, each signal identification channel is equipped with a MOSFET, a Zener diode, and an optocoupler;

[0015] The drain of the MOSFET is connected to each signal acquisition channel;

[0016] The Zener diode is connected in parallel to the source and gate of the MOSFET;

[0017] One side of the optocoupler is connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the other side is connected to a judgment port of the signal acquisition controller.

[0018] Furthermore, a bypass capacitor is also provided on any one of the signal identification channels, and the bypass capacitor is connected in parallel with the Zener diode.

[0019] Furthermore, a power resistor is also provided on any one of the signal identification channels, and the power resistor is connected to the drain of the MOSFET.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] The wide-range voltage signal acquisition device disclosed in this invention can acquire signals across multiple different voltage levels using only a single circuit. The circuit is simple, highly reliable, and low-cost. It reduces the variety of products available for acquiring signals at different voltage levels, facilitating product standardization and saving costs in design, production, warehousing, and management, thus significantly improving product versatility. It has significant advantages in industrial control and rail transportation systems, enabling wide-range voltage signal acquisition in fields such as rail transportation and industrial control. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] This invention provides a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device, comprising: a signal acquisition module, a signal identification module, and a signal acquisition controller. The signal acquisition module includes multiple signal acquisition channels, any one of which connects to an input signal and the signal acquisition controller. The signal identification module includes multiple signal identification channels, any one of which connects to each signal acquisition channel and the signal acquisition controller. The signal acquisition controller, on the one hand, determines the type and channel of the currently acquired signal through the signal identification module, and on the other hand, acquires the voltage signal from the current signal acquisition channel through the acquisition port.

[0027] Specifically, each signal acquisition channel is equipped with an anti-reverse diode, a Zener diode, an optocoupler, and an inverter. The anode of the anti-reverse diode is connected to the input signal, and the cathode is connected to one port of the optocoupler. The anode of the Zener diode is connected to each signal identification channel, and the cathode is connected to the other port on the same side of the optocoupler. The opposite port of the optocoupler is connected to the input of the inverter. The output of the inverter is connected to one acquisition port of the signal acquisition controller.

[0028] Each signal identification channel is equipped with a MOSFET, a Zener diode, and an optocoupler. The drain of the MOSFET is connected to each signal acquisition channel. The Zener diode is connected in parallel to the source and gate of the MOSFET. One side of the optocoupler is connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the other side is connected to a judgment port of the signal acquisition controller. Furthermore, each signal identification channel is also equipped with a bypass capacitor, which is connected in parallel to the Zener diode. Furthermore, each signal identification channel is also equipped with a power resistor, which is connected to the drain of the MOSFET.

[0029] The following specific application examples will further illustrate the solution and effects of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a wide-range voltage signal acquisition device disclosed in this embodiment. This device is used to acquire 110V, 74V, and 24V voltage signals. It comprises multiple anti-reverse diodes, Zener diodes, optocouplers, MOSFETs, capacitors, and several resistors. The functions of each component are described below:

[0031] Anti-reverse diodes (D1, D3, D5, D7): allow current to flow into the downstream circuit only from IN+ and out from IN-.

[0032] Zener diodes (D2, D4, D6, D8): When the input signal voltage is less than the reverse breakdown voltage of the Zener diode, the signal acquisition circuit does not conduct, which determines the minimum acquisition voltage value that the signal acquisition circuit can recognize.

[0033] Optical couplers (G1~G7): They serve to isolate the front-end acquisition circuit and the back-end digital circuit, and have excellent insulation performance and anti-interference ability, thus improving the reliability of the sampling circuit.

[0034] Power resistors R5 to R7: Resistors R5 and R7 mainly serve to divide the voltage and limit the current of the main circuit signal. The heat generated during signal acquisition is mainly released to the external space through these three resistors.

[0035] Resistors R1 to R4 are pull-down resistors. When there is no external input signal, all input pins of the forced inverter U1 are at a low level, and the output is at a high level, indicating that there is no external signal input.

[0036] MOSFETs (Q1 to Q3) control the on and off states of the entire data acquisition circuit.

[0037] Zener diodes (D9~D11): clamp the gate voltage VGS of the MOSFET at 15V, protecting the MOSFET gate from damage due to overvoltage.

[0038] Bypass capacitors (C1~C3): Filter out interference signals in the optocoupler output control signal and provide a low-impedance discharge path for high-frequency switching noise.

[0039] In this implementation, there are two methods for achieving wide-range voltage signal acquisition: successive comparison and active sampling. The two sampling methods are described below:

[0040] Successive comparison formula:

[0041] Successive approximation is suitable for acquiring signals with uncertain input voltage levels. To reduce unnecessary heat dissipation, the acquisition method is periodic. At the beginning of each acquisition cycle, the MCU first controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G7 is activated, and the MOSFET Q3 is turned on, and the entire circuit acquires a 110V signal. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that there is a 110V input signal in that channel. Other channels do not have a 110V input signal, and the signal voltage level is 110V. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G7 is not activated, the MOSFET Q3 is turned off, and the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle is stopped.

[0042] If no valid level ("0V") is acquired by any of the MCU channel input pins, it is assumed that the input signal is not at the 110V voltage level or that there is no input signal in any channel. The MCU controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G7 does not operate, and the MOSFET Q3 is turned off, stopping the entire circuit from acquiring the 110V signal. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G6 operates, and the MOSFET Q2 is turned on, allowing the entire circuit to acquire the 74V signal. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that there is a 74V input signal in that channel, and there is no 74V input signal in other channels. The signal voltage level is 74V. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G6 does not operate, and the MOSFET Q2 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0043] If no valid level ("0V") is acquired by any of the MCU channel input pins, it is assumed that the input signal is not at the 74V voltage level or that there is no input signal in any channel. The MCU controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G6 does not operate, and the MOSFET Q2 is turned off, stopping the entire circuit from acquiring the 74V signal. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G5 operates, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned on, allowing the entire circuit to acquire the 24V signal. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that there is a 24V input signal in that channel, and there is no 24V input signal in other channels. The signal voltage level is 24V. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G5 does not operate, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0044] If no valid level ("0V") is acquired from any of the MCU's channel input pins, it is ultimately determined that there is no input signal from any of the channels. The MCU controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G5 does not operate, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0045] Active:

[0046] For systems with known signal voltage levels, the MCU can be configured in advance to directly control the corresponding MOSFETs to conduct signal acquisition.

[0047] If the MCU is configured for 110V signal acquisition, at the start of each acquisition cycle, the MCU first controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G7 activates, and the MOSFET Q3 is turned on, allowing the entire circuit to acquire 110V signals. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that the channel has a 110V input signal, while other channels do not. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G7 does not activate, and the MOSFET Q3 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle. If none of the MCU channel input pins acquire a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that all channels have no input signal, the MCU controls the "110V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G7 does not activate, and the MOSFET Q3 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0048] If the MCU is configured for 74V signal acquisition, at the start of each acquisition cycle, the MCU first controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G6 activates, and MOSFET Q2 is turned on, allowing the entire circuit to acquire 74V signals. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that the channel has a 74V input signal, while other channels do not. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G6 does not activate, and MOSFET Q2 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle. If none of the MCU channel input pins acquire a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that all channels have no input signal, the MCU controls the "74V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G6 does not activate, and MOSFET Q2 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0049] If the MCU is configured for 24V signal acquisition, at the start of each acquisition cycle, the MCU first controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a low level, the optocoupler G5 activates, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned on, allowing the entire circuit to acquire 24V signals. If any MCU channel input pin acquires a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that the channel has a 24V input signal, while other channels do not. Subsequently, the MCU controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G5 does not activate, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle. If none of the MCU channel input pins acquire a valid level ("0V"), it is determined that all channels have no input signal, the MCU controls the "24V_CTR" pin to output a high level, the optocoupler G5 does not activate, and the MOSFET Q1 is turned off, stopping the circuit signal acquisition for this acquisition cycle.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-range voltage signal acquisition device, characterized in that, include: The signal acquisition module includes multiple signal acquisition channels, and any one of the signal acquisition channels is used to connect an input signal and a signal acquisition controller; The signal recognition module includes multiple signal recognition channels, and any one of the signal recognition channels can be used to connect to each signal acquisition channel and the signal acquisition controller; The signal acquisition controller, on the one hand, determines the type and channel of the signal being acquired through a signal identification module, and on the other hand, acquires voltage signals from the current signal acquisition channel through the acquisition port; Each signal acquisition channel is equipped with an anti-reverse diode, a Zener diode, an optocoupler, and an inverter; wherein... The anode of the anti-reverse diode is connected to the input signal, and the cathode is connected to one port of the optocoupler; The anode of the Zener diode is connected to each signal identification channel, and the cathode is connected to another port on the same side of the optocoupler; The opposite port of the optocoupler is connected to the input terminal of the inverter; The output of the inverter is connected to a acquisition port of the signal acquisition controller; Each signal identification channel is equipped with a MOSFET, a Zener diode, and an optocoupler. The drain of the MOSFET is connected to each signal acquisition channel; The Zener diode is connected in parallel to the source and gate of the MOSFET; One side of the optocoupler is connected to the source of the MOSFET, and the other side is connected to a judgment port of the signal acquisition controller.

2. The wide-range voltage signal acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bypass capacitor is also provided on any one of the signal identification channels, and the bypass capacitor is connected in parallel with the Zener diode.

3. The wide-range voltage signal acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A power resistor is also provided on any one of the signal identification channels, and the power resistor is connected to the drain of the MOSFET.

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