Construction machinery and methods for operating construction machinery

Abstract

This invention relates to a construction machine and a method for operating the construction machine, the construction machine comprising: a mobile carrier device; a guide having a linear guide portion disposed at the construction machine; a work carriage vertically supported at the linear guide portion of the guide and configured to hold a machining tool; a main winch having a main rope, the free end of which is connected to the work carriage; a feed unit configured to move the work carriage up or down along the guide portion and apply a feed force during operation; a first measuring device for detecting the actual feed force applied to the work carriage; and a control device wherein an upper limit value and / or a lower limit value are stored for the feed unit relative to the feed force, the control device being configured to automatically operate the main winch according to the actual feed force value detected by the first measuring device, such that the detected actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or higher than the lower limit value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to engineering machinery, particularly drilling tools, comprising: a mobile carrier device; a guide (Mäkler, or guide rod) arranged at the engineering machinery having a linear guide portion; and a working carriage (Arbeitsschlitten) that is vertically supported at the linear guide portion of the guide and configured to hold the machining tool.

[0002] The present invention also relates to methods for operating such engineering machinery. Background Technology

[0003] For example, a drilling machine is known from EP 2 378 053 ​​A1. In this known machine, a drilling drive is provided at the working carriage for rotating a drilling tool having a drilling screw. The drilling tool has a drill rod, also known as a kellystange, which is suspended from the main rope of the main winch. The main rope is used to hold and support the weight of the drill rod, including the drilling tool.

[0004] In a square drill rod, the drill rod is guided through an annular drill drive, also known as a power drive system (Kraftdrehkopf, or top drive system), where torque can be transmitted from the annular drive wheel to the outer drive bar of the drill rod.

[0005] In the so-called single-pass method particularly relevant to this invention, the drilling tool (such as a continuous screw) is directly mounted on the drilling drive, i.e., the so-called power drive system, and can thus be pulled through the feed device. Because the tension during operation is generally higher than the pressure during drilling due to the attached mass of the drilling tool and the drilling drive, the main rope is attached to the drilling drive.

[0006] In order to apply additional feed force to the drilling tool, the working carriage can travel down the guide through the feed unit using the drilling drive.

[0007] Correspondingly, when the drilling tool is pulled out of the borehole, an upward feed force can also be applied via the feed unit. In this case, the operator must also operate the main winch accordingly to keep the main rope under tension and prevent slack, which could cause the main rope to jump out of the guide roller at the column head. This would interrupt drilling operations and require time-consuming maintenance.

[0008] Even when drilling with additional feed force, critical operating conditions can occur where the drill bit no longer removes soil material in certain soil layers, but instead screws into softer soil like a cork screwdriver. This causes the drilling tool to exert increased feed relative to the soil due to the screwing motion. When the drilling tool is screwed in like a cork screwdriver, the forced motion can create a sudden increase in downward feed force. This can lead to overload and damage to the feed unit. The feed rope is particularly prone to breakage when using a winch with a feed rope.

[0009] Furthermore, when drilling tools are screwed in like corkscrews, it may cause the entire construction machinery to tilt and overturn, thus posing a risk of the machinery overturning. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to describe an engineering machine and a method by which the engineering machine can be operated with exceptional safety.

[0011] According to the present invention, this objective is achieved by engineering machinery according to the present invention or by a method according to the present invention. The present invention has several preferred embodiments.

[0012] According to the present invention, the engineering machinery is equipped with:

[0013] - Mobile carrier equipment,

[0014] - A guide with a linear guide section arranged in the engineering machinery.

[0015] - A working carriage, which is vertically supported at the linear guide of the guide and configured to hold the machining tool.

[0016] - A main winch with a main rope, the free end of which is directly or indirectly connected to the working carriage, wherein the main winch is driven and controlled to bear and substantially compensate for the weight of the working carriage together with the machining tools held at the working carriage.

[0017] - A feed unit configured to advance the work carriage up or down along the guide and apply a feed force during operation.

[0018] - A first measuring device, used to detect the actual feed force applied to the carriage of the working tool, and

[0019] - A control device that stores an upper limit value and / or a lower limit value for the feed force relative to the feed unit, wherein the control device is configured to automatically operate the main winch according to the actual feed force value detected by a first measuring device, such that the detected actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or higher than the lower limit value.

[0020] A first aspect of the invention is that the main rope of the main winch is connected to the working carriage, allowing the main winch to act directly on the working carriage. The main rope can be installed directly or indirectly at the working carriage, where a guide roller is supported. The main rope can be guided around the guide roller and fixed to a post, like a pulley system. The main winch can bear and compensate for the weight of the machining tool connected to the working carriage and the working carriage itself. The working carriage can travel via a feed unit separate from the main winch, wherein the feed unit applies a feed force downwards or upwards to the working carriage and thus to the machining tool as needed.

[0021] According to another aspect of the invention, a first measuring device is provided to detect the current actual feed force applied to the carriage of the workpiece. The corresponding current actual feed force value is transmitted from the measuring device to a control device, which stores upper and / or lower limit values ​​relative to the feed force for the feed unit. If the actual feed force value exceeds or falls below one of the stored limit values, the control device selectively operates the main winch according to a preset control program to protect the operational safety of the feed unit and the entire machine. The controller is designed such that the current actual feed force value remains within the range of the limit values ​​due to the additional action of the main winch, and in any event falls below the upper limit value or exceeds the lower limit value again.

[0022] Therefore, if, for example, an initial situation occurs with a rapidly increasing feed force, known as the "cockscrew effect," when the drilling tool is being driven into the ground, the main winch is activated by the control equipment in such a way that an additional pulling force is applied upwards to the tool carriage via the main rope. This prevents the drilling tool from screwing into the ground, allowing the drilling tool to continue removing soil material during a defined, preset feed motion.

[0023] Conversely, if a particularly high feed force is required downwards during drilling, and the feed unit reaches its load limit, the pre-set holding force at the main winch can be reduced via the control unit to compensate for the weight. This causes a portion or almost the entire weight of the tool carriage with the machining tools to act additionally downwards in the feed direction. Only a certain amount of residual tension is maintained at the main rope to prevent rope slack.

[0024] Accordingly, even when the processing tool is pulled out of the ground, if the load limit of the feed unit is reached, such as due to the load of the drill bit, the sheath friction, or when the processing tool may get stuck, the overload of the feed unit can be avoided by means of the control equipment by additionally applying a pulling force by the main winch.

[0025] Overall, the control equipment is designed to automatically execute measurement and control processes that lead to adjustments. This significantly reduces the workload for machine operators while running construction machinery and reliably prevents dangerous operating conditions.

[0026] A preferred embodiment of the engineering machinery according to the present invention is provided with a second measuring device for detecting the rope force in the main rope, and a control device configured to operate the main winch and the feed unit so that a minimum rope force exists in the main rope.

[0027] By measuring the actual rope force in the main rope and accordingly controlling the main winch and / or feed unit, a preset minimum rope force can be ensured in the main rope. This ensures minimum tension in the main rope, thereby eliminating the risk of slack rope formation.

[0028] In principle, the feed unit can be constructed in any suitable manner. According to an improvement of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the feed unit has a linear drive, especially an adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinder can be implemented, in particular, as a hydraulic cylinder. In principle, the feed unit can have a double-acting cylinder through which feed forces can be generated downward and upward. Alternatively, two single-acting adjusting cylinders can be arranged in opposite directions. At least one adjusting cylinder can be connected directly or via the feed rope to the work carriage. Furthermore, the adjusting cylinder can also be used to set the preload at the feed rope.

[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that the feeding unit has a feeding winch. The feeding winch may include a winch that can be driven in two directions of rotation. Thus, tension can be applied in both directions, i.e., upward or downward.

[0030] In particular, it is preferred that the feed unit has an upper feed rope for applying an upward feed force to the working carriage and a lower feed rope for applying a downward feed force to the working carriage. In the feed winch, the two feed ropes can be wound around the winch drum such that if the lower feed rope unwinds, the upper feed rope winds up, and vice versa. Thus, depending on the rotation direction of the winch drum, the carriage can move downward or upward along the guide. Sufficient rope tension can be achieved, for example, by means of a tensioning roller via one or more adjusting cylinders. The feed ropes can be guided by a steering roller.

[0031] In principle, the measuring device can be constructed in any suitable manner for detecting the desired force. Force measurement can be performed at the end of the rope or at the winch. According to an improvement of the invention, it is particularly suitable that at least one of the measuring devices has a guide roller with a force-measuring element. Thus, the force at the main rope and / or at least one feed rope can be measured in a simple and reliable manner.

[0032] In principle, the engineering machinery can be implemented in any manner, particularly as underground engineering machinery, for performing underground engineering measures for land processing. Specifically, a vibrator or pile driver can be installed at the working carriage for inserting or pulling sheet pile walls into the ground. According to a variant of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the engineering machinery is constructed as a drilling tool, and a drilling drive device for rotating and driving the drilling tool is arranged at the working carriage. This drilling tool is particularly suitable for generating foundation piles in the ground.

[0033] In this invention, according to an improved embodiment, it is particularly advantageous that the drilling tool has a drilling screw. In particular, this design of the drilling tool allows for exceptionally safe operation because by screwing the drilling screw into the ground, potentially dangerous operating conditions due to the so-called cork screwdriver effect can be reliably avoided.

[0034] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned engineering machinery can be operated in the following manner, characterized in that the actual feed force applied to the working slide by the feed unit is detected by the first measuring device, and the main winch is automatically controlled by the control device according to the currently detected actual feed force value, so that the detected actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or exceeds the lower limit value.

[0035] The above-mentioned advantages can be achieved when operating the construction machinery according to the invention using the method of the invention. In particular, the actual feed force value can be maintained within a set range between the upper and lower limit values. Thus, efficient and safe operation of the construction machinery can be achieved.

[0036] According to the present invention, a preferred variation of the method involves using a second measuring device to detect the rope force in the main rope, and controlling the main winch and feed unit via a control device to set a minimum rope force in the main rope. In this way, the control device can ensure sufficient rope tension in the main rope, thereby reliably resisting the occurrence of slack rope.

[0037] According to another embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is advantageous to arrange a drilling drive device at the working carriage, which rotates and drives a drilling tool with a drilling screw, thereby creating a borehole in the soil. According to the invention, particularly safe operation can be achieved when drilling using the drilling screw. The borehole in the soil can be used, in particular, to generate foundation elements. Here, the borehole can be filled with a hardenable suspension to form the foundation element. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments. In the accompanying drawings, the sole illustration shows a schematic side view of an engineering machine constructed as a drilling tool. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To illustrate the invention, an engineering machine 10 is shown, which is constructed as a drilling tool 12 having a carrier device 14. The mobile carrier device 14 has a chassis 16 with a tracked running mechanism. An upper structure 18 is rotatably supported on the chassis 16 about a vertical axis. A substantially vertically oriented columnar guide 20 having a linear guide 22 is adjustablely supported at its front side on the upper structure 18 via a hinge mechanism 19. Along the linear guide 22, a work carriage 30 having a drilling drive device 32 for rotating and driving a machining tool 40 is provided. The machining tool 40 is constructed as a drilling tool 42 having a drilling screw 44.

[0040] According to the invention, the working carriage 30 is held at the main rope 52 of the main winch 50. The main rope 52 is here guided from the main winch 50 (which may be located at the rear of the guide 20 or at another location in the superstructure 18) via a column head 24 having two column-directing rollers 56a, 56b at the upper end of the guide 20 to a fixing element 34, by which the main rope 52 is connected to the working carriage 30.

[0041] The main winch 50 is essentially controlled by the control device 70 in the carrier device 14 such that the weight of the work carriage 30, which has the drilling drive 32 and the machining tool 40, is largely borne by the tension of the main winch 50. The tension of the main winch 50 is thus set such that there is minimal tension in the main rope 52 to prevent rope slack.

[0042] To allow the working carriage 30 to travel along the guide 20, a feed unit 60 is provided, which in the illustrated embodiment has a feed winch 62 with an upper feed rope 64 and a lower feed rope 66. The upper feed rope 64 is guided upward by the feed winch 62 to a first guide roller 68, from which it is guided downward again and hinged at the working carriage 30 via a roller not shown. The free end of the upper feed rope 64 can be guided upward again at the working carriage 30 via the roller not shown, and guided via another guide section to a tension cylinder 67, by which sufficient tension of the upper feed rope 64 is ensured. Thus, a feed force can be applied upward to the working carriage 30 and therefore to the machining tool 40 via the upper feed rope 64.

[0043] The lower feed rope 66 is guided from below to the working carriage 30 via two rollers 69a and 69b and secured there, or alternatively guided via a guide roller and secured to the guide 20. By applying tension to the lower feed rope 66, a feed force can be applied downwards to the working carriage 30. The upper feed rope 64 and the lower feed rope 66 are arranged in opposite directions wound on the winch drum of the feed winch 62.

[0044] The feed force of the feed unit 60 can be detected and transmitted to the control device 70, for example, via a first measuring device 71 at the first steering roller 68 or via another measuring device in the area of ​​the tension cylinder 67. Similarly, the force at the main rope 52 can be detected via a second measuring device 72, which in the illustrated embodiment is arranged in the area of ​​the first column-steering roller 56a at the column head 24. The second measuring device 72 is also connected to the control device 70.

[0045] In the control device 70, upper and lower limit values ​​can be stored for the relative feed force of the feed unit 60. The control device 70 is configured such that the main winch 50 is automatically controlled based on the actual feed force value detected by the first measuring device 71, wherein the detected actual feed force value is controlled or adjusted such that the actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or higher than the lower limit value.

[0046] For example, if the feed unit 60 reaches its load limit when pulling the working carriage 30 upward, that is, if it reaches or exceeds the upper limit of the actual feed force, the main winch 50 can be activated by the control device 70 to provide support, so that additional tension is applied to the working carriage 30 via the main rope 52.

[0047] Similarly, when the feed unit 60 reaches its load limit during downward feed, the main winch 50 can be activated by the control device 70 to reduce the tension acting substantially on the work carriage 30 via the main rope 52. Thus, the weight of the work carriage 30, the drilling drive 32, and the machining tool 40 applies an additional downward force to the work carriage, thereby increasing the downward feed force and reducing the load on the feed unit 60.

[0048] This automatic activation of the main winch 50, in particular, prevents the drill screw 44 from unintentionally screwing into soft soil layers like a cork screwdriver when drilling, which could cause overload of the feed unit 60 and tipping of the drilling tool 12. Therefore, the control device 70 according to the invention also helps to improve operational safety.

Claims

1. An engineering machine, comprising: - Mobile carrier device (14), - A guide (20) having a linear guide (22) arranged at the engineering machinery, - A working carriage (30) that is vertically supported at the linear guide (22) of the guide (20) and configured to hold the machining tool (40). - A main winch (50) having a main rope (52), the free end of which is directly or indirectly connected to the working carriage (30), wherein, The main winch (50) is driven and controlled to bear and substantially compensate for the weight of the working carriage (30) together with the machining tool (40) held at the working carriage. - A feed unit (60) configured to advance the work carriage (30) upward or downward along the guide (20) and apply a feed force during operation. - A first measuring device (71) for detecting the actual feed force applied to the working carriage (30), and - A control device (70) that stores an upper limit value and / or a lower limit value for the feed unit (60) relative to the feed force, and wherein the control device (70) is configured to automatically operate the main winch (50) according to the actual feed force value detected by the first measuring device (71), such that the detected actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or higher than the lower limit value.

2. The engineering machinery according to claim 1, Its features are, A second measuring device (72) is provided for detecting the rope force in the main rope (52), and The control device (70) is configured to operate the main winch (50) and the feed unit (60) such that a minimum rope force exists in the main rope (52).

3. The engineering machinery according to claim 1 or 2, Its features are, The feed unit (60) has a linear drive device.

4. The engineering machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 2, Its features are, The feeding unit (60) has a feeding winch (62).

5. The engineering machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 2, Its features are, The feed unit (60) has an upper feed rope (64) for applying feed force upward to the working carriage (30) and a lower feed rope (66) for applying feed force downward to the working carriage (30).

6. The engineering machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 2, Its features are, At least one of the measuring devices (71, 72) has a steering roller (56, 68) with a force measuring element.

7. The engineering machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 2, Its features are, The engineering machinery is constructed as a drilling tool (12), and A drilling drive device (32) is arranged at the working slide (30) for rotating and driving the drilling tool (42).

8. The engineering machinery according to claim 7, Its features are, The drilling tool (42) has a drilling screw (44).

9. The engineering machinery according to claim 3, Its features are, The linear drive device is an adjusting cylinder.

10. A method for operating engineering machinery (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, Its features are, The actual feed force applied to the working carriage (30) by the feed unit (60) is detected using the first measuring device (71), and The control device (70) automatically controls the main winch (50) according to the currently detected actual feed force value, so that the detected actual feed force value is lower than the upper limit value or exceeds the lower limit value.

11. The method according to claim 10, Its features are, The rope force in the main rope (52) is detected using a second measuring device (72), and The main winch (50) and the feed unit (60) are operated by the control device (70) to set the minimum rope force in the main rope (52).

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, Its features are, A drilling drive device (32) is arranged at the working carriage (30), and the drilling tool (42) is driven to rotate by the drilling drive device. The drilling tool (42) is used to generate a borehole in the land.

13. The method according to claim 12, Its features are, The drilling tool (42) has a drilling screw (44).

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